AP Language and Composition Flashcards
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| 7219334317 | diction | The choice and use of words (Chapters 37-39). | 0 | |
| 7219334318 | connotation | An association called up by a word, beyond its dictionary definition (510). | 1 | |
| 7219334848 | point of view | The perspective or attitude of the narrator or speaker in a work of literature (724). | 2 | |
| 7219334849 | formal language | A level of usage achieved through word choice and sentence structure. More formal writing, as in academic papers and business reports, avoids attributes of speech and tends to rely on longer and more complicated sentences (141-143, 500-01). | 3 | |
| 7219341376 | informal language | A level of usage achieved through word choice and sentence structure. Informal language, as in a letter to an acquaintance or a personal essay, resembles some speech in its colloquial language, contractions, and short, fairly simple sentences (141-143, 500-01). | 4 | |
| 7219376829 | colloquial language | The words and expressions of everyday speech. Colloquial language can enliven informal writing but is generally inappropriate in formal academic or business writing (501). | 5 | |
| 7219382754 | slang | Expressions used by the members of a group to create bonds and sometimes exclude others. Most slang is too vague, short-lived, and narrowly understood to be used in any but very informal writing (500-501). | 6 | |
| 7219443364 | jargon | The specialized language of any group, such as doctors or baseball players. Jargon is vague, pretentious, wordy, and ultimately unclear writing such as found in some academic, business, and government publications (502). | 7 | |
| 7219463400 | bathos | The effect resulting from the unsuccessful effort to achieve dignity or sublimity of style; an unintentional anticlimax. | 8 | |
| 7219478084 | concrete language | Concrete words refer to objects, persons, places, or conditions that can be perceived with the senses (833). | 9 | |
| 7222376932 | figurative language | Expressions that suggest meanings different from their literal meanings in order to achieve special effects (515-17) | 10 | |
| 7222916043 | syntax | In sentences, the grammatical relations among words and the ways those relations are indicated. | 11 | |
| 7222920692 | antecedent | The word to which a pronoun refers (319-23). | 12 | |
| 7222922591 | alliteration | The repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, especially stressed syllables. | 13 | |
| 7222930057 | assonance | The patterning of vowel sounds without regard to consonants. | 14 | |
| 7222943141 | parallelism | Similarity of grammatical from between two or more coordinated elements (Chapter 25). | 15 | |
| 7222946233 | catalog | A list of people, things or attributes. | 16 | |
| 7222952269 | ellipsis | The omission of a word or short phrase easily understood in context (265). | 17 | |
| 7222970975 | inversion | A reversal of the usual word order in a sentence, as when a verb precedes its subject or an object precedes its verb. | 18 | |
| 7223133759 | periodic sentence | A suspenseful sentence in which modifiers precede the main clause, which falls at the end (384-85). | 19 | |
| 7223136662 | cumulative sentence | A sentence in which modifiers follow the subject and verb (385). | 20 | |
| 7223138800 | repetition | Reiteration of a word, sound, phrase, or idea. | 21 | |
| 7223143746 | anaphora | One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. | 22 | |
| 7223153669 | clause | A group of related words containing a subject and a predicate (263). | 23 | |
| 7287102484 | Independent Clause | A main clause that can stand by itself (466-68). | 24 | |
| 7287124990 | Dependent Clause | A subordinate (dependent) clause serves as a single part of speech and so cannot stand by itself as a sentence (466-68). | 25 | |
| 7287138449 | Simple Sentence | A simple sentence contains one main clause (272-73). | 26 | |
| 7287145014 | Compound Sentence | A compound sentence consists of two or more main clauses and no subordinate clause (272-73). | 27 | |
| 7287160244 | Complex Sentence | A complex sentence contains one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses )272-73). | 28 | |
| 7287165510 | Compound-Complex Sentence | A compound-complex sentence has the characteristics of both the compound sentence and the complex sentence (272-73). | 29 | |
| 7287170368 | Antithesis | Juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas (often, although not always, in parallel structure). | 30 | |
| 7342870520 | antimetabole | Repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order. | 31 | |
| 7342889837 | polysyndeton | Employing many conjunctions between clauses, often slowing the tempo or rhythm. | 32 | |
| 7342892033 | asyndeton | The omission of conjunctions between clauses, often resulting in a hurried rhythm or vehement effect. | 33 | |
| 7342896565 | zeugma | A general term describing when one part of speech (most often the main verb, but sometimes a noun) governs two or more other parts of a sentence (often in a series). | 34 | |
| 7342946792 | metaphor | A comparison made by referring to one thing as another. | 35 | |
| 7343224682 | simile | An explicit comparison, often (but not necessarily) employing "like" or "as." | 36 | |
| 7343228224 | metonymy | Reference to something or someone by naming one of its attributes. | 37 | |
| 7343303486 | synecdoche | A whole is represented by naming one of its parts or vice versa. | 38 | |
| 7343260280 | personification | Reference to abstractions or inanimate objects as though they had human qualities or abilities. | 39 | |
| 7343265185 | hyperbole | Rhetorical exaggeration. Hyperbole is often accomplished via comparisons, similes, and metaphors. | 40 | |
| 7343271752 | onomatopoeia | Using or inventing a word whose sound imitates that which it names (the union of phonetics and semantics). | 41 | |
| 7343273476 | litotes | Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite. | 42 | |
| 7343276045 | irony | Speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says, often for the purpose of derision, mockery, or jest. | 43 | |
| 7344480356 | satire | A genre of comedy that is directed at ridiculing human foibles and vices, such as vanity, hypocrisy, stupidity, and greed. It differs from pure comedy in that the aim is not simply to evoke laughter, but to expose and censure faults, often with the aim of correcting them. | 44 | |
| 7343278206 | sarcasm | A caustic and bitter expression of strong disapproval. Sarcasm is personal, jeering, intended to hurt. | 45 | |
| 7343284534 | oxymoron | Placing two ordinarily opposing terms adjacent to one another. A compressed paradox. | 46 | |
| 7343287488 | allusion | A passing reference in a work of literature to another literary or historical work, figure, or event, or to a literary passage. The reference is not explained, so that it can convey the flattering presumption that the reader shares the writer's erudition and inside knowledge. | 47 | |
| 7343290278 | anecdote | A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting event or episode. | 48 | |
| 7344485266 | logos | An appeal to reason. Writers may use inductive or deductive argumentation, but they clearly have examples and generally rational tone to their language. | 49 | |
| 7507453658 | ethos | A speaker's demonstration that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. | 50 | |
| 7507453659 | pathos | An appeal to emotions, values, desires, and hopes, on the one hand, or fears and prejudices, on the other. | 51 | |
| 7507453660 | cogent | An argument that is clear, logical, and convincing. | 52 | |
| 7507456083 | argument | A process of reasoned inquiry. A persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion. | 53 | |
| 7507456084 | logical fallacy | Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it. | 54 | |
| 7507459619 | ad hominem | Fallacy of relevance. This fallacy refers to the specific diversion | 55 | |
| 7507459620 | straw man | Fallacy of accuracy. A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea. | 56 | |
| 7507462315 | bandwagon appeal | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." | 57 | |
| 7507462316 | begging the question | A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "begs" a question whether the support itself is sound. | 58 | |
| 7507467600 | hasty generalization | Fallacy of insufficiency. A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence. | 59 | |
| 7507471326 | false dilemma | Fallacy of accuracy. A fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices. | 60 | |
| 7507479846 | non sequitur | Any argument that does not follow from the previous statements. | 61 | |
| 7507479847 | red herring | Fallacy of relevance. This fallacy occurs when a speaker skips to a new and irrelevant topic in order to avoid the topic (Language 99). | 62 | |
| 7507479848 | slippery slope | Also called the camel's nose. The speaker argues that, once the first step is undertaken, a second or third step will inevitably follow, much like the way one step on a slippery incline will cause a person to fall and slide all the way to the bottom. | 63 | |
| 7507482644 | concession | An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, a concession is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument (Language 1164). | 64 | |
| 7507482645 | counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring a counterargument, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and refutation (Language 1167). | 65 | |
| 7507486082 | deductive reasoning | This type of conclusion works from general principles or universal truths (a major premise) and applying it to a specific case (a minor premise). Deductive reasoning is often structured as a syllogism (Language 118). | 66 | |
| 7507486083 | inductive reasoning | The arranging of an argument so that it leads from particulars to universals, using specific cases to draw a conclusion (Language 115). | 67 | |
| 7507491408 | Rogerian Argument | An argument based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating (Language 1176). | 68 | |
| 7507491409 | tone | A speaker's attitude toward the subject conveyed by the speaker's stylistic and rhetorical choices. | 69 | |
| 7670409298 | mood | The feeling or atmosphere created by a text. | 70 | |
| 7670409299 | persona | Greek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience. | 71 | |
| 7670412073 | anachronism | Assignment of something to a time when it was not in existence. | 72 | |
| 7670412074 | aphorism | A concise statement of a principle or a precept given in pointed words. | 73 | |
| 7670415338 | aposiopesis | Breaking off suddenly in the middle of speaking, usually to portray being overcome with emotion. | 74 | |
| 7670415339 | apostrophe | Turning one's speech from one audience to another. Most often, apostrophe occurs when one addresses oneself to an abstraction, to an inanimate object, or to the absent. | 75 | |
| 7670417835 | euphemism | A device in which indirectness replaces the directness of a statement, usually in an effort to avoid offensiveness. | 76 | |
| 7670417836 | juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences. | 77 | |
| 7670420808 | prose | In its broadest sense the term is applied to all forms of written or spoken expression not having a regular rhythmic pattern. | 78 | |
| 7670420809 | verse | A unit of poetry, in which case it has the same significance as stanza or line; and as a name given generally to metrical composition. | 79 | |
| 7733771762 | declarative | A sentence that makes a statement. | 80 | |
| 7733771763 | interrogative | A sentence that asks a question. | 81 | |
| 7733775328 | imperative | A sentence that issues a request or command. | 82 | |
| 7733775329 | exclamatory | A sentence that makes exclamations. | 83 | |
| 7733780199 | verisimilitude | the quality of being true or real | 84 | |
| 7733782697 | didactic | speech or writing that is didactic is intended to teach people a moral lesson | 85 | |
| 7733782698 | invective | rude and insulting words that someone says when they are very angry | 86 | |
| 7733782699 | pedantic | paying too much attention to rules or to small unimportant details | 87 | |
| 7733785751 | grotesque | A term used to describe physical, spiritual, or moral deformity in a work of satire. | 88 | |
| 7733785752 | inquisitive | interested in a lot of different things and wanting to find out more about them | 89 | |
| 7733800899 | irreverent | someone who does not show respect for organizations, customs, beliefs etc that most other people respect - often used to show approval | 90 | |
| 7733785753 | sanguine | happy and hopeful about the future | 91 | |
| 7733788717 | melancholy | a feeling of sadness for no particular reason | 92 | |
| 7733788718 | sardonic | grimly mocking or cynical | 93 | |
| 7733788719 | nostalgic | looking back on a time in the past, and remembering it in a happy way, and in some ways wishing that things had not changed | 94 | |
| 7733791808 | respectful | feeling or showing respect | 95 | |
| 7733791809 | sympathetic | willing to give approval and support to an aim or plan | 96 | |
| 7733791810 | clinical | considering only the facts and not influenced by personal feelings | 97 | |
| 7733808426 | emphatic | expressing an opinion, idea etc in a clear, strong way to show its importance | 98 | |
| 7733808427 | cynical | unwilling to believe that people have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing something | 99 |
World history ap timeline Flashcards
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| 6436991061 | 8000 bce | Beginnings of agriculture | 0 | |
| 6437001063 | 3000 bce | Beginning of bronze age | 1 | |
| 6437004991 | 1300 bce | Iron Age | 2 | |
| 6437007185 | 5Th c bce | Greek Golden Age- philosophers | 3 | |
| 6437009945 | 6th c bce | Buddha; Confucius; Lao Tsu (Buddhism; Confucianism; Daoism) | 4 | |
| 6437014681 | 220 | End of the han dynasty | 5 | |
| 6437022641 | 221 bce | Qin unified China | 6 | |
| 6437027876 | 323 bce | Alexander the Great | 7 | |
| 6437030241 | 32 | Beginnings of Christianity | 8 | |
| 6437032543 | 476 | Fall of Rome | 9 | |
| 6437032544 | 1071 | Battle of Manzikert | 10 | |
| 6437034026 | 527 | Justinian rule of Byzantine Empire | 11 | |
| 6437036478 | 1492 | Columbus sailed the ocean blue | 12 | |
| 6437045941 | 180 | End of Pax Romana | 13 | |
| 6437049834 | 333 | Roman capital moved to Constantinople | 14 | |
| 6437051624 | 4th c | Beginning of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes | 15 | |
| 6437055934 | 622 | Founding of Islam | 16 | |
| 6437055935 | 732 | Battle of Tours | 17 | |
| 6437060214 | 1095 | 1st Crusade | 18 | |
| 6437062941 | 1258 | Mongols sack Baghdad | 19 | |
| 6437067526 | 1066 | Norman conquest of England | 20 | |
| 6437071066 | 1271-1295 | Marco Polo travels | 21 | |
| 6437073849 | 1324 | Mansa Musa's pilgrimage | 22 | |
| 6437076284 | 1325-1349 | Travels of Ibn Battuta | 23 | |
| 6437082218 | 1347-1348 | Bubonic plague in Europe | 24 | |
| 6437085254 | 1433 | End of Zheng He's voyages | 25 | |
| 6437086583 | 1453 | Ottomans capture Constantinople | 26 | |
| 6437090245 | 1488 | Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope | 27 | |
| 6437092664 | 1502 | 1st African Slaves to Americas | 28 | |
| 6437096469 | 1517 | Martin Luther/95 theses | 29 | |
| 6437099401 | 1521 | Cortez conquered the Aztecs | 30 | |
| 6437102253 | 1533 | Pizarro toppled the Inca | 31 | |
| 6437104428 | 1571 | Battle of Lepanto | 32 | |
| 6437107298 | 1588 | Defeat of the Spanish Armada by the British | 33 | |
| 6437110432 | 1600 | Battle of Sekigahara | 34 | |
| 6437112469 | 1607 | Foundation of Jamestown | 35 | |
| 6437117143 | 1618-1648 | 30 years war | 36 | |
| 6437119768 | 1683 | unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna | 37 | |
| 6437121701 | 1689 | Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights | 38 | |
| 6437129352 | 1750-1914 | Industrial Revolution | 39 | |
| 6437133493 | 1756-1763 | 7 years war/French and Indian War | 40 | |
| 6437136509 | 1776 | American Revolution | 41 | |
| 6437139286 | 1789 | French Revolution | 42 | |
| 6437143982 | 1804 | Haitian independence | 43 | |
| 6437146102 | 1815 | Congress of Vienna | 44 | |
| 6437150230 | 1820s | Independence in Latin America | 45 | |
| 6437153367 | 1839 | 1st Opium War in China | 46 | |
| 6437156083 | 1848 | European revolutions/Marx and Engles write Communist Manifesto | 47 | |
| 6437162229 | 1853 | Commodore Perry opens Japan | 48 | |
| 6437166405 | 1857 | Sepoy Mutiny | 49 | |
| 6437168101 | 1863 | Emancipation Proclamation | 50 | |
| 6437172030 | 1861 | end of Russian serfdom/Italian unification | 51 | |
| 6437173671 | 1871 | German unification | 52 | |
| 6437177166 | 1885 | Berlin Conference | 53 | |
| 6437181930 | 1898 | Spanish American War | 54 | |
| 6437184279 | 1899 | Boer War-British in control of South Africa | 55 | |
| 6437190091 | 1905 | Russo-Japanese War | 56 | |
| 6437191931 | 1910 | Mexican Revolution | 57 | |
| 6437196910 | 1911 | Chinese Revolution | 58 | |
| 6437200658 | 1914 | WWI begins | 59 | |
| 6437202895 | 1917 | Russian Revolution | 60 | |
| 6437206344 | 1919 | Treaty of Versailles - End of WWI | 61 | |
| 6437211861 | 1929 | Stock market crash | 62 | |
| 6437225928 | 1931 | Japanese invasion of Manchuria | 63 | |
| 6437228083 | 1935 | Italian invasion of Ethiopia | 64 | |
| 6437234001 | 1939 | German blitzkrieg in Poland | 65 | |
| 6437236304 | 1941 | Pearl Harbor | 66 | |
| 6437240021 | 1945 | End of WWII | 67 | |
| 6437245744 | 1947 | Independence and partition of India | 68 | |
| 6437247688 | 1948 | Birth of Israel | 69 | |
| 6437250335 | 1949 | Chinese Communist Revolution | 70 | |
| 6437262370 | 1950-1953 | Korean War | 71 | |
| 6437266142 | 1954 | Vietnamese defeat French at Dien Bien Phu | 72 | |
| 6437268628 | 1956 | de-Stalinization/nationalization of Suez Canal | 73 | |
| 6437275462 | 1959 | Cuban Revolution | 74 | |
| 6437277143 | 1962 | Cuban Missile Crisis | 75 | |
| 6437280555 | 1967 | 6-day war/Chinese Cultural Revolution | 76 | |
| 6437283657 | 1973 | Yom Kippur War | 77 | |
| 6437288919 | 1979 | Iranian Revolution | 78 | |
| 6437291134 | 1987 | 1st Palestinian Intifada | 79 | |
| 6437294998 | 1989 | Tiananmen Square/fall of Berlin Wall | 80 | |
| 6437299984 | 1991 | Fall of USSR/1st Gulf War | 81 | |
| 6437304735 | 1994 | genocide in Rwanda/1st all race elections in S. Africa | 82 | |
| 6437308635 | 2001 | 9/11 attacks | 83 | |
| 6437335534 | 1054 | Great Schism | 84 |
AP World History Overall Flashcards
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| 5516016912 | Constantine | 312-337 Strong emperor towards end of Roman Empire who with some success tried to reverse tide of its ultimate fall moved capital away from Rome to Constantinople, allowed freedom of worship for Christians | 0 | |
| 5516016913 | Edict of Milan | Allowed freedom of worship for Christians | 1 | |
| 5516016914 | Caesaropapism | Byzantine Empire ruler was both head of state and head of the church | 2 | |
| 5516016915 | Justinian's reign | most successful reign of Byzantine Empire took power 527 CE Was raised by poor peasant family before becoming emperor: was member of Excubitors educated in Constantinople Became greatest emperor of Byzantine Empire (Justinian the Great) main goal: rebuild weakened Eastern Roman Empire, seize control over Western Half | 3 | |
| 5516016916 | Theme System | Divided Byzantine Empire into different districts, each lead by a general created so military could quickly respond to attacks peasants who joined army: given plots of land, increased free peasant class | 4 | |
| 5516016917 | Umayyad Dynasty | 661-750CE Most prominent of merchant clans rep./alliances helped bring stability to Islamic community Capital: Damascus | 5 | |
| 5516016918 | Abbasid period | Dynasty overthrowing Umayyads Ruled Muslim caliphate 750 - 1258 150 years: maintained unity of caliphate and Islamic civilization Culture flourished Descended from Abu al-Abbas, great grandson of Muhammad's uncle Many Mawali supported to attain full acceptance in community of believers Major result of Battle of the River Zb Capital at Baghdad Large bureaucracy contained many Qadis | 6 | |
| 5516016919 | Sufis | Islamic missionaries who emphasized devotion to Allah over mastery of doctrine Led pious, ascetic (severe self-discipline from all forms of indulgence) lives | 7 | |
| 5516016920 | Sunnis | Branch of Islam whose members acknowledge first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad | 8 | |
| 5516016921 | Ka'ba | A large black cube that is a shrine used to worship Allah Symbol of Mecca's greatness Goal of hajj | 9 | |
| 5516016922 | Qadis | Judges/Court officials | 10 | |
| 5516016923 | Sakks | Checks that could be used between bank branches Settle accounts with distant business partners w/o exchanging cash face to face | 11 | |
| 5516016924 | Arabic Numbers origins | Developed by mathematicians in Gupta empire in India | 12 | |
| 5516016925 | Muhammad's Life | Born into reputable merchant family in Mecca Parents die Raised by uncle/gramps comfy merchant ~ 30 40: deep religious transformation/visions Comes to conclusion: one true deity Allah Followers: Muslims: most devout ones causes conflict @ Mecca Goes against classic beliefs of ruling elites Muhammad's attacks on idols = crime Flee Mecca to Medina: Hijra Establish community of faithful: Umma Muhammad returns to Mecca: Hajj | 13 | |
| 5516016926 | Sui Yangdi | Second emperor of Sui completes Grand Canal High taxes and forced labor Spur in hostility resulting in assassination: 618 | 14 | |
| 5516016927 | Tang Dynasty | Dynasty referred to as China's Golden Age reigned 618 - 907 CE China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria | 15 | |
| 5516016928 | Equal Field System | Governed allocation of agricultural land purpose: ensure equitable distribution of land Purpose 2: to avoid concentration of landed property which caused civil problems during Han dynasty Allotted land to individuals and families according to land's fertility and recipients' needs | 16 | |
| 5516016929 | Hangzhou system | Grand Canal - bunch of canals that connected major rivers in China and facilitated transportation with roads and boats | 17 | |
| 5516016930 | Song Dynasty | 960-1279 CE Started by Song Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin) 1000: a million people living there Started footbinding Had: -magnetic compass -strong navy Traded w/ India/Persia First to have: -paper money -explosive gunpowder promoted scholar gentry over military & aristocracy landscape black and white paintings dynasty replacing Tang | 18 | |
| 5516016931 | Song Taizu | First Song dynasty emperor reigned 960 - 976 CE Focused on: -civil admin -industry -education -arts inaugurated bureaucracy of merit | 19 | |
| 5516016932 | Foot Binding | Chinese practice women's feet bound to make smaller sign of wealth caused: -bones to grow all wrong -ended up in lots of pain -girls needing canes to walk kept girls inside the house | 20 | |
| 5516016933 | Mongol Empire | Conquered first China, then Islamic world, then Eastern Europe Tolerant of religions allowed Eastern Orthodox Church to develop in Keiv eventually allowed Moscow to grow, united most of Asia and E. Europe into one continuous empire | 21 | |
| 5516016934 | Turkish military | Horse-archer based combat Promotion based on merit | 22 | |
| 5516016935 | Chinggis Khan | Unified Mongols Originally Temujin, son of a prominent Mongol warrior dad died when he was 10 lived in poverty during late 12th c. CE made alliance with prominent Mongol clan mastered art of steppe diplomacy (calls for display of courage in battle & willingness to betray allies/superiors to improve one's postion) Brought all Mongol tribes into single confederation Given name Chinggis Khan (universal ruler) Politics greatly strengthened Mongols Broke up tribes forced men of fighting age to join new military units chose men because of talents and loyalty skilled @ horseback riding and archery highly mobile psychological warfare spared lives of talented people extended Mongol rule to N China controlled China by 1220 Led forces into Persia and Afghanistan as well Died 1227 laid down foundation for Mongol empire Established Mongol supremacy in C.Asia Extended Mongol control to N China and Persia | 23 | |
| 5516016936 | Kublai Khan | Mongolian emperor of China Grandson of Genghis Khan 1271: founded Yuan Dynasty Defeated Song Dynasty | 24 | |
| 5516016937 | Mongol Gender Relations | Women had greater freedom of movement, property rights, and other opportunities some hunted/went to war | 25 | |
| 5516016938 | Kingdom of Mali | 1235-1400: Strong empire of W Africa trading cities: -Timbuktu -Gao had many mosques/universities Ruled by 2 great rulers: -Sundiata -Mansa Musa Upheld strong gold-salt trade fall of empire: caused by lack of strong rulers who could govern well | 26 | |
| 5516016939 | Trans-Saharan trade | Trading network linking N Africa w/ sub-Saharan Africa Crossed Sahara Lack of water: restricted trade to few routes known only to desert nomads | 27 | |
| 5516016940 | Kings of Ghana | 22 kings before Muhammad goes on Hijra Kings don't impose Islam on people | 28 | |
| 5516016941 | Swahili city-states | Came into being because of all wealth trade brought to coastal E Africa taxed trade => money/influence Developed into powerful city-state governed by king who supervised trade/organized public life in region | 29 | |
| 5516016942 | Gender Roles in Sub-Saharan Africa | Men doing labor and specialty skills Women doing pottery, tend to family/homes | 30 | |
| 5516016943 | Crusades | exposed Europe to eastern goods Caused Europeans to start importing Islamic and Eastern goods | 31 | |
| 5516016944 | Mexica | Migrants drawn to C Mexico from NW dominated alliance that built Aztec Arrived in Mexico mid-13th c made trouble: -Kidnapped women -seized/cultivated land century migration around C Mexico 1345: settled Tenochtitlan: captial | 32 | |
| 5516016945 | Chinampa system | year-round irrigation systems Lake Texcoco allowed Mexica to develop drenched rich/fertile muck from lake's bottom built into small plots of land highly fertile: productive harvest 7 times/year | 33 | |
| 5516016946 | role of women in Mexica | No role in poly affairs of society dominated by military affairs wielded influence in families and high honors as mothers of warriors can't inherit property/hold official positions prominent in marketplaces society pushes them towards motherhood/ homemaking temple women only ones who don't marry primary function:bear children death in childbirth = death in battle | 34 | |
| 5516016947 | role of priests in Mexica society | treated well thought to help connect society w/ gods given high education performed sacrifices | 35 | |
| 5516016948 | Quran teachings about relationships between Christians and Jews | teaches fighting against other religions generally tolerant towards Abrahamic religions | 36 | |
| 5516016949 | Aztec Society | Highly complex/Religious society in C Mexico | 37 | |
| 5516016950 | Feudalism | Basic concept refers to political/social order of medieval Europe Based on hierarchy of lords/vassals controlled political/military affairs | 38 | |
| 5642500307 | Neolithic Revolution | Completely changed the living style of everyone People started turning towards agriculture, leading to permanent settlement | 39 | |
| 5642500308 | Paleolithic Period | Longest portion of human existence people were hunter/gatherers no distinct social classes | 40 | |
| 5642502457 | Classical Era | 41 | ||
| 5642502458 | Bronze Age | 42 | ||
| 5642505568 | Fall of Roman Empire | 43 | ||
| 5642505569 | Fall of Han Empire | 44 | ||
| 5642508391 | Fall of Gupta Empire | 45 | ||
| 5642508392 | Judaism | 46 | ||
| 5642508393 | Hinduism | People had to fulfill caste duties + worship gods no striving for reward/recognition no emotional investment in work replaced buddhism | 47 | |
| 5642508394 | Buddhism | started by Siddhartha Gautama Noble Eightfold Path + Four Noble Truths = Dharma Nirvana = spiritual independence | 48 | |
| 5642508395 | Islam | Muhammad born in Arabian Peninsula -Lived in Arabian Peninsula -Mecca | 49 | |
| 5642515113 | Christianity | 50 | ||
| 5642515114 | Mandate of Heaven | 51 | ||
| 5642515115 | Confucianism | 52 | ||
| 5642518101 | Daoism | 53 | ||
| 5642518102 | Legalism | 54 | ||
| 5642518157 | Neo-Confucianism | 55 | ||
| 5642521866 | Draconianism | 56 | ||
| 5642521867 | Olmecs | First Major American civilization grew crops not much livestock influence seen through palaces/temples | 57 | |
| 5642524102 | Aztecs | 58 | ||
| 5642524103 | Harappan Civilization | Society by Indus river Known for herding ruled by elders, clear class division made up of Dravidians and Aryans | 59 | |
| 5642559700 | Sui Dynasty | 60 | ||
| 5642560465 | Han Dynasty | Centralized rule Legalist principles Confucianism = education Produced iron tools, silk, paper Army drained economy Fell to internal weakness | 61 |
AP World History Period 2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7383793442 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance. | 0 | |
| 7383793443 | Persian Empire | A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E. | 1 | |
| 7383793444 | Athenian democracy | A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise, and officeholders were chosen by lot. | 2 | |
| 7383793445 | Greco-Persian Wars | Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E. and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea. | 3 | |
| 7383793446 | Kushan Empire | A sizable and prosperous empire in the region that now makes up northwestern India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. This empire was linked to the Silk Road trading network and featured a blending of Greek, Indian, and Buddhist cultures. | 4 | |
| 7383793447 | Hellenistic Era | The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia and North Africa in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors. | 5 | |
| 7383793448 | Han Dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement | 6 | |
| 7383793449 | Alexander the Great | Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 B.C.E.), conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India. | 7 | |
| 7383793450 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India. | 8 | |
| 7383793451 | Qin Shihuangdi | Literally "first emperor from the Qin" who forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. | 9 | |
| 7383793452 | Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.). | 10 | |
| 7383793453 | Pax Romana | The "Roman peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries C.E. | 11 | |
| 7383793454 | Trung Trac | A Vietnamese woman from an aristocratic military family who led an ultimately unsuccessful revolt against China around 40 C.E. following the execution of her husband. | 12 | |
| 7383793455 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra | 13 | |
| 7383793456 | Confucianism | The Chinese philosophy advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order. | 14 | |
| 7383793457 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.). | 15 | |
| 7383793458 | Nalanda | A village in the Bihar region of northeastern India where a huge monastic complex dedicated to Buddhist learning was built in the 5th century C.E. Many have viewed this building as the world's first university. | 16 | |
| 7383793459 | Greek Rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 17 | |
| 7383793460 | Saint Paul | The first great popularizer of Christianity (10-65 C.E. | 18 | |
| 7383793461 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. | 19 | |
| 7383793462 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings | 20 | |
| 7383793463 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-ca. 30 C.E.). | 21 | |
| 7383793464 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express his own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. | 22 | |
| 7383793465 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice. | 23 | |
| 7383793466 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. | 24 | |
| 7383793467 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. | 25 | |
| 7383793468 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs | 26 | |
| 7383793469 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women | 27 | |
| 7383793470 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. | 28 | |
| 7383793471 | Siddhartha Gautama | The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. | 29 | |
| 7383793472 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. | 30 | |
| 7383793473 | Perpetua | Christian martyr (181-203 C. E.)from an upper class Roman family in Carthage. Her refusal to renounce her faith made her an inspiration for other early Christians | 31 | |
| 7383793474 | Church of the East | A theologically and organizationally distinct Christian church based in Syria and Persia but with followers in southern India and Central Asia. | 32 | |
| 7383793475 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. | 33 | |
| 7383793476 | Wang Mang | A Han court official who usurped the throne and ruled from 8 C.E. to 23 C.E.; noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates. | 34 | |
| 7383793477 | China's scholar-gentry class | A term used to describe members of China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials. | 35 | |
| 7383793478 | helots | The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society. | 36 | |
| 7383793479 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony. | 37 | |
| 7383793480 | Empress Wu | The only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.), she patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective. | 38 | |
| 7383793481 | Caste as varna and jati | The system of social organization in India that has evolved over millennia; it is based on an original division of the populace into four inherited classes, with the addition of thousands of social distinctions based on occupation, which became the main cell of social life in India | 39 | |
| 7383793482 | Pericles | A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.), he presided over Athens's Golden Age. | 40 | |
| 7383793483 | Aspasia | A foreign woman resident in Athens (ca. 470-400 B.C.E.) who was famed for her learning and wit. She was the partner of the statesman Pericles, who worked to extend the rights of Athenian citizens. | 41 | |
| 7383793484 | "ritual purity" in Indian social practice | the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods. | 42 | |
| 7383793485 | Spartacus | A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.). | 43 | |
| 7383793486 | the "three obediences" | In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son. | 44 | |
| 7383793487 | Ge Hong | Born into an upper class family in China during troubled times (283-343 C.E.), his efforts to balance Confucian service to society and his own desire to pursue a more solitary and interior life in the Daoist tradition reflected the situation of many in his class. | 45 | |
| 7383793488 | Moche | An important regional civilization of Peru, governed by warrior-priests; flourished from around 100 to 800 | 46 | |
| 7383793489 | Wari and Tiwanaku | Two states that flourished between 400 and 1000 C.E. in the highlands of modern Bolivia and Peru. At their height, they possessed urban capitals with populations in the tens of thousands and productive agricultural systems. | 47 | |
| 7383793490 | Mound Builders | Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of the Mississippi River in what is now the United States and that are distinguished by their large earthen mounds, built during the period 2000 B.C.E.-1250 C.E. | 48 | |
| 7383793491 | Chaco Phenomenon | in what is now northwestern New Mexico; the society formed is notable for its settlement in large pueblos and for the building of hundreds of miles of roads (the purpose of which is not known) | 49 | |
| 7383793492 | Niger Valley civilization | Distinctive city-based civilization that flourished from about 300 B.C.E. to about 900 C.E. that included major cities like Jenne-jeno ;particularly noteworthy for its apparent lack of centralized state structures, having been organized instead in clusters of economically specialized settlements | 50 | |
| 7383793493 | Axum | Second-wave era kingdom of East Africa, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia; flourished from 100 to 600 C.E. | 51 | |
| 7383793494 | Bantu expansion | The agricultural techniques and ironworking technology of Bantu-speaking farmers gave them an advantage over the gathering and hunting peoples they encountered. | 52 | |
| 7383793495 | Meroë | City in southern Nubia that was the center of Nubian civilization between 300 B.C.E. and 100 C.E | 53 | |
| 7383793496 | Chavín | Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement from around 900 to 200 B.C.E. | 54 | |
| 7383793497 | Cahokia | The dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri; flourished from about 900 to 1250 C.E. | 55 | |
| 7383793498 | Piye | Ruler of Kush (r. 752 to 721 B.C.E.) who conquered Egypt, reuniting it under his rule. | 56 | |
| 7383793499 | Teotihuacán | The largest city of pre-Columbian America, with a population between 100,000 and 200,000; seemingly built to a plan in the Valley of Mexico | 57 | |
| 7383793500 | Maya civilization | A major civilization of Mesoamerica; flourished from 250 to 900 C.E. | 58 |
AP World History Foundational Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7228762210 | Animism | The belief that natural objects such as rivers and rocks possess a soul or spirit | 0 | |
| 7228762508 | Vernacular | Using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language | 1 | |
| 7228762509 | Diffusion | The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another | 2 | |
| 7228762880 | Deity | A god or goddess | 3 | |
| 7228763301 | Indigenous | Originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country; native | 4 | |
| 7228764451 | Metallurgy | First used copper, common and easy to mold; hammered metal then later heated it to bend; created first jewelry and decorations, then weapons | 5 | |
| 7228764452 | Syncretism | The assimilation or attempted assimilation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought. | 6 | |
| 7228765177 | Monotheism | The belief of one god | 7 | |
| 7228765178 | Deforestation | The action of clearing a wide area of trees | 8 | |
| 7228766827 | Desertification | The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture | 9 | |
| 7228766828 | Diaspora | The dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel | 10 | |
| 7228767360 | Xenophobia | Intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries | 11 | |
| 7228767361 | Urbanization | The process of making an area more urban | 12 | |
| 7228767971 | Epidemic | A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time | 13 | |
| 7228769076 | Pandemic | A disease that's prevalent over a whole country or the world | 14 | |
| 7228769694 | Domesticate | Tame an animal and keep it as a pet or for farm produce | 15 | |
| 7228769695 | Migration | Movement from one part of something to another | 16 | |
| 7228770205 | Nomadic | Someone who moves from place to place | 17 | |
| 7228770578 | Emigration | The act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad | 18 | |
| 7228771150 | Immigration | The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country | 19 | |
| 7228771505 | Polytheism | Belief in more than one god | 20 | |
| 7228771998 | Theocracy | A system of government in which priests rule in the name of god or a goddess | 21 | |
| 7228771999 | Imperial | Relating to an empire | 22 | |
| 7228772910 | Monarchy | A form of government with a monarch (king or queen) at the head | 23 | |
| 7228773225 | Regent | A person appointed to administer a country because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated | 24 | |
| 7228773226 | Autocracy | A system of government by one person with absolute power | 25 | |
| 7228773660 | Coup d'état | A sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force | 26 | |
| 7228773661 | Diplomacy | The conduct by government officials of negotiations and other relations between nations | 27 | |
| 7228774284 | Dynasty | A sequence of rulers from the same family, stock, or group. Ex) the Ming dynasty. | 28 | |
| 7228774690 | Sovereignty | The quality or state of being sovereign, or of having supreme power or authority | 29 | |
| 7228774691 | Infrastructure | The basic, underlying framework or features of a system or organization | 30 | |
| 7228775300 | Tributary System | The Imperial Chinese ________________ was the network of trade and foreign relations between China and its tributaries, which helped to shape much of East Asian affairs. | 31 | |
| 7228776113 | Agrarian | Relating to land, land tenure, or the division of landed property | 32 | |
| 7228778261 | Pastoral | Having the simplicity, charm, serenity, or other characteristics generally attributed to rural areas | 33 | |
| 7228778262 | Commerce | An interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale between different countries or between different parts of the same country trade; business | 34 | |
| 7228778733 | Commodity | An article of trade or commerce, especially a product as distinguished from a service | 35 | |
| 7228778734 | Surplus | Something that remains above what is used or needed | 36 | |
| 7228780163 | Export | To ship (commodities) to other countries or places for sale, exchange, etc. | 37 | |
| 7228780164 | Import | To bring in (merchandise, commodities, workers, etc.) from a foreign country for use, sale, processing, reexport, or services | 38 | |
| 7228780488 | Inflation | A persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency | 39 | |
| 7228781120 | Labor Systems | Slavery or workers | 40 | |
| 7228781121 | Industrialization | The large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country, etc. | 41 | |
| 7228781437 | Specialization of Labor | A powerful force in an economy, benefiting small and large businesses alike. Workers produce more when they occupy specialized roles, so businesses can offer higher quality products at lower prices | 42 | |
| 7228781438 | Aristocracy | A class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility | 43 | |
| 7228782463 | Egalitarianism | Belief in the equality of all people, especially in political, social, or economic life | 44 | |
| 7228782464 | Ethnicity | An ethnic group; a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, or language | 45 | |
| 7228783889 | Gender | Either the male or female division of a species, especially as differentiated by social and cultural roles and behavior | 46 | |
| 7228783890 | Homogenous | Corresponding in structure because of a common origin | 47 | |
| 7228784322 | Demographics | The statistical data of a population, especially those showing average age, income, education, etc. | 48 | |
| 7228784323 | Nationality | The status of belonging to a particular nation, whether by birth or naturalization | 49 | |
| 7228784885 | Patriarchal | Of or relating to a patriarch, the male head of a family, tribe, community, church, order, etc. | 50 | |
| 7228785270 | Hierarchy | Any system of persons or things ranked one above another | 51 |
AP World History Review Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6482847933 | Metallurgy | Copper + Tin = Bronze Bronze Age ( 3000 BCE ) Iron Age ( 1300 BCE ) | 0 | |
| 6482847934 | Who has the advantage to domesticate animals? | Middle East | 1 | |
| 6482847935 | As civilization progresses... | The status of women decline | 2 | |
| 6482847936 | Order of events to the beginning of AP WH | Earth with the "Big Bang" Found Lucy, the largest TREX First people moved from Africa to other places Neolithic Age begins with domestication of plants and animals. | 3 | |
| 6482847937 | Ancient Mesopotamia (River Valley) | Sumerians Unpredictable Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Wheel Calendar Number system based on 60 Polytheistic (Ziggurat) Uruk and Ur ( City-States) Cuneiform= first form of writing Epic of Gilgamesh-first flood... Less highly centralized | 4 | |
| 6482847938 | Ancient Egypt (River Valley) | More stability Cataracts in the Nile river= more predictable and more stability Polytheistic Afterlife-Mummification Pharaoh= powerful, what he says goes Highly centralized Papyrus Hieroglyphics Pyramids Queen Hatshepsut- can tell that women had a higher social standing here than those of other civilizations Old Kingdom (3100-2500 BCE)- Classified with pyramids and other characteristics usually associated with Egypt. Middle Kingdom (2100-1650 BCE)- Nubians New Kingdom (1550-700 BCE)- | 5 | |
| 6482847939 | Indus River Valley | In modern Pakistan Writing not decoded Social Stratifications Long distance trade | 6 | |
| 6482847940 | Ancient China | Xia Dynasty-? Shang Dynasty- Dynastic cycles, oracle bones Zhou Dynasty- Longest reign, Mandate of Heaven ended 256 BCE | 7 | |
| 6482847941 | Americas that developed independently | Olmec-Central America Chavin-Peru | 8 | |
| 6482847942 | Other early civilizations | Indo-Europeans: Migratory (horses) Bantu: 2000 BCE, Sub-Saharan Africa, language, farming techniques, iron Hebrews: Monotheism-first to really bring worship of one God Phoenicians: 22 letter alphabet, phonetics Animism, Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism (Persia-Good vs. Evil) | 9 | |
| 6482847943 | After Zhou Dynasty... | The Warring states pd. | 10 | |
| 6482847944 | Qin Dynasty | -Shi Huangdi -Legalism (evil by nature) -Short-lived -Great Wall began -Terracota warriors -Standardized weights and measures | 11 | |
| 6482847945 | Han Dynasty (206-220 BCE) | Golden Age -Silk Roads, from Han to Mediterranean World -Silk Trade from China -Precious metals from Rome -Civil Service Exam BEGAN -Bureaucracy based on Merit -Male Dominance-Continuity in the Chinese Dynasties - Social classes -Paper, compass, sundials, metal stirrups, calendars | 12 | |
| 6482847946 | Mauryan Empire | Larger of the two Indian Empires -Chandra Gupta -1st time India unified -Traded cotton, elephants -Asoka-violent and bloody but converted to Buddhism -Spread moral codes -Invaders ended this empire and began Gupta Empire | 13 | |
| 6482847947 | Gupta Empire | -Unified again but not as big -Golden Age of Indian history -Hinduism reasserted and stays -Arabic numerals -Concept of Zero -Pi -Sanskrit -Predicted eclipses -Setting bones -Surgeries -Caste system -SATI | 14 | |
| 6482847948 | Persian Empire | -Cyrus the Great (Achaemenid Empire) -Strong military -Religious toleration in areas they took over -Zoroastrianism -"King of Kings" -Capital in Persepolis -Royal Road-1600 miles Defeated by Greeks in Persian War and conquered by Alexander the Great Cyrus the Great starts the Achaemenid Empire (Iran) Great Royal Road (1600 miles of roads comparable to eventual Roman roads) Capital Persepolis (comparable to Chang'an, Athens, Rome, Teotihuacan) Defeated by Greeks in Persian War (this developed the concept of East and West) and finally defeated by Alexander the Great of Macedonia | 15 | |
| 6482847949 | Greeks | -City states -mountainous -Athens- classical age, philosophy, drama, Parthenon -Sparta- militaristic, one-minded, -Trade -homer- odyssey illiad theatre philosophy, socrates taught plato, and plato taught aristole Aristotle taught alexander the great Adopted Phoenician alphabet City-states Athens- democracy, science, arts, philosophy, architecture (Parthenon) Sparta- military Culture- Olympics, mythology, epic poems of the Odyssey and Iliad, drama and comedy, development of philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) Aristotle model of Greek thought by use of logic | 16 | |
| 6482847950 | Persian War | Greece defeats Persia Battle of Marathon Phidippides ran 26 miles Battle of Thermopylae 300 spartans against millions of persians (defeat of persians) | 17 | |
| 6482847951 | Golden Age of Athens | Pericles philosophy, parthenon, democracy | 18 | |
| 6482847952 | Pelopnesian war | Sparta and Athens | 19 | |
| 6482847953 | Alexander the Great | Conquered Greece and spread Greek culture (Hellenism) Empire facilitated interaction and spread of culture (Greece, India, Persia, and Egypt) Library of Alexandria in Egypt center of learning (good comparison to later Timbuktu, Mali) Geometry, medicine, anatomy, circumference of the earth, Pythagorean theorem, geocentric thought of Ptolemy | 20 | |
| 6482847954 | Rome | (Greatest achievements are law and engineering) Roman Republic Senate, Twelve Tables (comparable to Hammurabi's law code) Military domination and expansion with the Punic wars Empire Julius Caesar killed (44 BCE), Octavian Augustus becomes emperor Empire stretches from England to Middle East Pax Romana (Roman peace) Comparable to Golden age of Athens, later Pax Mongolica and Pax Tokugawa of Japan Law- innocent unless proven guilty by court Engineering (Coliseum), aqueducts Roads (comparable to Persian royal road and later Incan roads) Roman culture influenced by Greek cultural diffusion Slavery- Both Greek and Roman society heavily dependent on slavery (comparison to Chinese dependency on the peasants) Silk Road Rome traded precious metals with the Han for silk | 21 | |
| 6482847955 | Americas | Maya (300-1100 CE) Warring city states under one ruler (Tikal, Chichen Itza) Writing system-glyphs (comparable to Egyptian hieroglyphics) Developed zero as a placeholder like Gupta India Astronomical observations and development of calendar Steppe pyramids of Tikal (Guatemala) and Chichen Itza (Yucatan, Mexico) Compare with ziggurat in Mesopotamia and Egyptian pyramids Teotihuacan City in valley of Mexico (later model for Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan) Moche of South America in the Andes (100-700 CE) Extensive irrigation, complex culture | 22 | |
| 6482847956 | Fall of Empires | Maya- possible exhaustion of the environment Han China- (220 CE) Internal - population increases, land problems, corruption, peasant rebellion called Yellow Turban (184 CE), disease External- conflict with nomadic Xiongnu Roman Empire (Western Rome falls in 476 CE, East survives as the Byzantine Empire) Internal- tax revolts, poor leaders, division of empire, violent death of emperors, over expansion, decrease in trade, reliance on mercenaries, disease External- Huns and Goths Gupta- Invasion by the White Huns- cost weakened state and eventually overrun Hinduism and caste system survived | 23 | |
| 6482847957 | Polytheism | Polytheism- most early civilizations were polytheistic (belief in many gods) Animism- Africa, Americas Shamanism- Americas, Central Asia | 24 | |
| 6482847958 | Hinduism | India Hinduism Began with Aryan invaders and is the oldest of the major religions No founder Caste system established and priests are at the top of the social hierarchy Follow dharma (rules of your caste) next life determined by karma Reincarnation- cycle of life and death Moksha- release from the cycle of life and death Vedas and Upanishads sources of prayers that guide Hindus Rig Veda Baghavad Gita Patriarchal Sati Women could not achieve moksha Always will serve as a continuity in India (especially in the south) Traveled to SE Asia- Angkor Wat | 25 | |
| 6482847959 | Buddhism | Buddhism Symbols include the endless knot and the wheel Spawned out of Hinduism like Christianity out of Judaism Founder was Siddhartha Gautama (6th century BCE) Four Noble Truths- life is suffering Follow the Eightfold path-right conduct/meditation Nirvana (peace/bliss)- comparable to Moksha in Hinduism Appealed especially to the poor since nirvana could be achieved in one lifetime Offers a monastic life for men and women (like Christianity) Universalizing Religion (like Christianity and Islam) Easily adapted to other cultures Ashoka- spread Buddhism and kept it from dying out Silk Road spread Buddhism to China Also spread to Southeast Asia- Angkor Wat (both Hindu and Buddhist) | 26 | |
| 6482847960 | Judaism | First great monotheistic faith/ Influenced Christianity and Islam Covenant with God Founder Abraham Follow the laws of Moses in the Torah | 27 | |
| 6482847961 | Christianity | Developed out of Judaism Jesus Crucified under the Roman Empire Universalizing religion (like Buddhism and Islam) Offers a monastic lifestyle (like Buddhism) Spread of Christianity Paul, Roman roads Spread through Mediterranean world through trade, war, migration Roman Empire embraces Christianity Constantine issued the Edict of Milan (stopped persecution) Theodosius makes it official religion in 380 CE Western Rome falls in 476 CE, Christianity will be a continuity in Europe (like Hinduism in India) | 28 | |
| 6482847962 | Axial Age | Confucius, Buddha and Laozi all around the same time Jesus around 400 years after these thinkers Mohammed around 1000 years after these thinkers | 29 | |
| 6482847963 | Legalism | Philosophy of Shi Huangdi and Qin dynasty (221BCE) Terra cotta warriors and great wall | 30 | |
| 6482847964 | Daoism | Founder Laozi Harmony with nature Influence on Chinese culture with chemists, botanists and astronomers | 31 | |
| 6482847965 | Confucianism | Developed during the Warring State period Emphasis on education, respect, reciprocity, virtue and order Filial piety Respect for elders, respect a child should show for parents Five Relationships: Ruler to ruled, Father to Son, Husband to Wife, Elder brother to younger brother, friend to friend Embraced by governments as ruler superior to ruled Civil Service Exam based on Confucian Analects Government bureaucracy based on merit Allowed for the possibility of social mobility Patriarchal society develops as a husband superior to wife Eventually see foot binding Eventually combines with Buddhism to form Neo-Confucianism during the Tang dynasty | 32 | |
| 6482847966 | Silk Roads | Three Golden Ages of the Silk Road Started with the Rome and Han Tang/Song in China with the Abbasid dynasty Pax Mongolica Silk a wanted continuity throughout the silk road Facilitates diffusion of disease, technology, beliefs and ideas Buddhism from India to China | 33 | |
| 6482847967 | Indian Ocean | Route linked India, East Africa, Middle East, Southeast Asia and China in flourishing trade Arab merchants and India early leaders of the trade Knowledge of the monsoon winds vital Lateen sail Silk, salt, metals and spices a trading continuity Diffusion of beliefs Hinduism and Buddhism to Southeast Asia | 34 | |
| 6482847968 | Trans-Saharan | Camel in first century BCE significant Camel saddle in 300's CE greatly increases trade across the Saharan Trade connects Sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa and Mediterranean | 35 | |
| 6482847969 | Mediterranean | Carthage, Phoenicians, Greeks, Berbers, Romans and Egyptians all traded | 36 | |
| 6482847970 | Sub-Saharan | Bantus inspire trade Connect Sub-Saharan Africa with East Africa and the Indian Ocean | 37 | |
| 6482847971 | Americas Trade | Trade during this time is limited and is regional unlike Afro-Eurasian world | 38 | |
| 6482847972 | 600 BCE- 600 CE HIGHLIGHTS | Rise and fall of classical empires China- Qin/Han, India- Mauryan/Gupta, Mediterranean- Persian/Greek/Roman, Americas- Mayans Compare Rome, Han and Gupta Development of world belief systems Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, Judaism and Christianity Trade Routes Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and Trans-Saharan | 39 |
Ap world history Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6769714952 | Vedas | Collections of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the barious gods of the Aryans. | 0 | |
| 6769718840 | Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders | 1 | |
| 6769721549 | Aristocracy | hereditary nobility; privileged class; government by nobility; N. aristocrat | 2 | |
| 6769728996 | Artisan | craftsman | 3 | |
| 6769731557 | Civilization | A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes( | 4 | |
| 6769734134 | Polis | A city-state in ancient Greece. | 5 | |
| 6769736167 | Indo-European | In about the 1500s BCE these people were migrating tribes from present-day southeast Russia. Some traveled to Europe, some to Persia, and some to India. Thus, today many people in Europe, Perisa, and India share some lingustic, cultural, and biological roots. | 6 | |
| 6769741208 | Brahmin | A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society | 7 | |
| 6769743486 | Huns | large nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle, sheep, and horses as well as hunting. | 8 | |
| 6769746246 | Democracy | A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 9 | |
| 6769748328 | Monsoon | A seasonal wind. | 10 | |
| 6769749687 | Dynasty | A series of rulers from the same family | 11 | |
| 6769754881 | Hieroglyphics | An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds | 12 | |
| 6769760296 | Foraging | searching for food | 13 | |
| 6769761690 | Covenant | A solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human being in which mutual commitments are made. | 14 | |
| 6769763371 | Pharoah | A ruler of ancient Egypt | 15 | |
| 6769768043 | Artifact | Any object made by humans, especially those from an earlier time, such as those excavated by archaeologists | 16 | |
| 6769770560 | Oracle bones | animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future | 17 | |
| 6769776103 | Silk roads | A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods. | 18 | |
| 6769778357 | Jati | (Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India | 19 | |
| 6769782285 | Steppe | Sparse, dry, treeless grassland | 20 | |
| 6769784656 | Yahweh | Hebrew name for God | 21 | |
| 6769787022 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world | 22 | |
| 6769791244 | Nirvana | The state of englightenment for Buddhists. | 23 | |
| 6769796767 | Mokasha | enlightenment after going through samsara; samsara is part of Hinduism and its believed that if you do something bad you will live over and over until you fufill your duty | 24 | |
| 6769814312 | Karma | A Hindu and Buddhist concept that by doing good to others, good will happen to you (and vise versa) | 25 | |
| 6769819006 | Alexander the great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 26 | |
| 6769912037 | Ziggurat | massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks. It is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamian cities, but its function is unknown. | 27 | |
| 6769917805 | Disciple | A follower of Jesus | 28 | |
| 6769924225 | Patriarcal | relating to a social group headed by a male family leader | 29 | |
| 6769928358 | Reincarnation | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding | 30 | |
| 6769933614 | Twelve tables | Rome's first code of laws; adopted in 450 B.C. | 31 | |
| 6769946999 | Mandate of heaven | A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 32 | |
| 6769954415 | Geocentric theory | Earth is the center of the universe. Aristotelian. | 33 | |
| 6769961131 | Polytheisim | the belief in many gods. | 34 | |
| 6769963802 | Monotheism | Belief in one God | 35 | |
| 6769966397 | Animisn | Believe that spirits occupy in natural objects | 36 | |
| 6769970342 | Sati | A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. | 37 | |
| 6769977229 | Diapora | the dispersion of jews from the homeland | 38 | |
| 6769979640 | Torah | The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses, are called this | 39 | |
| 6775982331 | pope | Head of the Roman Catholic Church | 40 | |
| 6776000943 | Varna | A caste in the Hindu caste system | 41 | |
| 6776005497 | Ten Commandments | A set of laws for responsible behavior, which, according to the Bible, were given to Moses by God. | 42 | |
| 6776008322 | Stoicism | the endurance of pain or hardship without a display of feelings and without complaint | 43 | |
| 6776013644 | Neolithic age | "New Stone Age"; About 10,000 years ago marked by advances in the production of stone tools. Shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture | 44 | |
| 6776014976 | Climate | Overall weather in an area over a long period of time | 45 | |
| 6776019400 | New Testament | The second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers | 46 | |
| 6776021128 | Dharma | In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties | 47 | |
| 6776026825 | Pastrolism | Mode of livelihood based on domestic animal herbs and the use of the products of meat and milk | 48 | |
| 6776028386 | Messiah | "Any expected deliver" | 49 | |
| 6776036686 | Ka'aba | A black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine | 50 | |
| 6776048614 | Syncretism | a combination of different forms of belief and practice | 51 | |
| 6776050205 | Hadith | A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law. | 52 | |
| 6776053731 | Magna Carta | A charter of liberty and political rights obtained from King John of England by his rebellious barons at Runnymede in 1215. | 53 | |
| 6776058326 | Harem | A household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia | 54 | |
| 6776062523 | Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai | 55 | |
| 6776065063 | Chivlary | the code of conduct followed by knights during the Middle Ages | 56 | |
| 6776066765 | Mita | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. | 57 | |
| 6776067988 | Maori | New Zealand indigenous culture established around 800 CE | 58 | |
| 6776069981 | Bakufu | military-style government of the Japanese shogun | 59 | |
| 6776073051 | Khan | A Mongol ruler | 60 | |
| 6776076320 | Serf | A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord | 61 | |
| 6776081968 | Parliament | Britain's law-making assembly | 62 | |
| 6776083557 | Kowtow | a Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission | 63 | |
| 6776087029 | Caravel | a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries. | 64 | |
| 6776089605 | Quipus | A system of knotted cords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records | 65 | |
| 6776094781 | Manorilism | Economic and social system in medieval Europe I self-sufficient community in which asserts were bound to the land and work hired to work on the Lords manner or state | 66 | |
| 6776096882 | Zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 67 | |
| 6776100391 | Lateen sails | Triangular sail on a short mast | 68 | |
| 6776103391 | Quechua | Andean society also known as the Inca | 69 | |
| 6776105461 | Sultan | Muslim ruler | 70 | |
| 6776109094 | Arabesque | ornate design featuring intertwined curves; a ballet position in which one leg is extended in back while the other supports the weight of the body | 71 | |
| 6776126479 | Calpuli | an aztec settlement in which families of different social classes lived and shared the land | 72 | |
| 6776133000 | Toltecs | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. | 73 | |
| 6776138535 | Ming dynasty | Founded by hongwu and known for its cultural brilliance | 74 | |
| 6793361047 | yuan dynasty | (1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats. | 75 | |
| 6793691746 | Celadon | porcelain with an unusual blue-green glaze | 76 | |
| 6793693891 | Five pillars | Basic rules of Islam. 1. Profession of faith 2. Pray five times a day 3. Give alms (give money) 4. Ramadan fast 5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). | 77 | |
| 6793696403 | Foot binding | Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household. | 78 | |
| 6793702718 | Ayllus | in Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler | 79 | |
| 6793705730 | Fief | land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service | 80 | |
| 6793715929 | Vassal | A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land | 81 | |
| 6793718206 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 82 | |
| 6793722253 | Shogun | A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name | 83 | |
| 6793730598 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 84 | |
| 6793732336 | Muslim | A follower of Islam | 85 | |
| 6793735883 | Chimor | Pre‐Incan South American society that fell to Incas in the fifteenth century | 86 | |
| 6793740881 | Bushi | The Feudal Japanese code of honor among the warrior class. | 87 | |
| 6793746096 | Kamikaze | Japanese for "divine wind"; a suicide mission in which young Japanese pilots intentionally flew their airplanes into U.S. fighting ships at sea | 88 | |
| 6793751944 | Shariah | The body of law that governs Muslim society | 89 | |
| 6793754173 | Sunni | The largest branch of Islam. After the death of Muhammad, Muslims who accepted Abu Bakr as the first Caliph became known as Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah or "the people of tradition and unification" in order to differentiate them from the Shia, who rejected Abu Bakr's authority in favor of Muhammad's cousin Ali as the next Caliph. | 90 | |
| 6793758585 | Shi'ite | A group of Islamic religion that believes that its religious leader should be chosen based on heredity. | 91 | |
| 6793761579 | Caliph | A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government | 92 | |
| 6793763483 | Umma | The community of all Muslims | 93 | |
| 6793767801 | Allah | Arabic word for God | 94 | |
| 6793770359 | Quran | The holy book of Islam | 95 | |
| 6793773200 | Ramadan | the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset. | 96 | |
| 6793775446 | Hijah | the migration of Muhammad an his followers from Mecca to Medina | 97 | |
| 6793778684 | Mosque | Muslim house of worship | 98 | |
| 6793784256 | Seppuku | A Japanese term for ritual suicide committed by the samurai when he had been dishonored. | 99 | |
| 6793786329 | Samuri | highly trained Japanese warriors | 100 | |
| 6793793671 | Creoles | Descendents of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status. | 101 | |
| 6793799020 | Taj Mahal | A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife. | 102 | |
| 6793811478 | Mulatto | A person of mixed African and European ancestry | 103 | |
| 6793814531 | Manchus | Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties. | 104 | |
| 6793820194 | Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry. | 105 | |
| 6793857694 | Janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan | 106 | |
| 6793860498 | Natural laws | laws that govern human nature | 107 | |
| 6793864338 | Boyars | Russian nobility | 108 | |
| 6793867167 | Sovereignty | Supreme power or authority | 109 | |
| 6793869814 | Purdah | Seclusion in their homes imposed on women | 110 | |
| 6793875777 | Guano | Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century | 111 | |
| 6793878424 | Suez Canal | A ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea | 112 | |
| 6793883209 | Sepoys | Indian troops who served in the British army | 113 | |
| 6793887057 | Manifest destiny | Belief that the US was destined to stretch across the continent; idealistic, sent by God, not for economic or territorial reasons | 114 |
AP World History Period 4 Part 1 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6725318245 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer (1497-1498) led first naval expedition from Europe to India, opening an important commercial sea route. | 0 | |
| 6725321138 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese mariner in service of Spain led expeditions across Atlantic, reestablishing contact between peoples of Americas and Old World, opening way to Spanish conquest/colonization. | 1 | |
| 6725324148 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator led Spanish expedition (1519-1522) first to sail around the world. | 2 | |
| 6725327656 | East India Companies | British, French, and Dutch trading companies obtained government monopolies of trade to India/Asia; acted independently in their regions | 3 | |
| 6725329468 | World economy | Created by Europeans during late 16c based on control of seas; established international exchange of food, diseases, manufactured products | 4 | |
| 6725331753 | Columbian Exchange | Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between Americas and rest of world following Columbus's voyages | 5 | |
| 6725335518 | Core nations | Nations, usually European, profited from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services; exported manufactured goods and imported raw materials | 6 | |
| 6725337087 | Mercantilism | Colonial economic policy, colonizing nation must import only from its own colonies, but sell exports as widely as possible | 7 | |
| 6725339591 | Dependent economic zones | regions within world economy produced raw materials; dependent upon European markets and shipping; tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor | 8 | |
| 6725341673 | Mestizos | people of mixed European/Native American heritage | 9 | |
| 6725344597 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer; arrived in the Americas in 1502; successfully attacked the Inca Empire | 10 | |
| 6725349975 | New France | French colonies in Canada and elsewhere; extended along St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system | 11 | |
| 6725349976 | Atlantic colonies | British colonies in North America along Atlantic coast from New England to Georgia | 12 | |
| 6725371604 | Treaty of Paris | concluded in 1763 following the Seven Years' War; Britain gained New France and ended France's importance in India | 13 | |
| 6725395281 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 to provide a coastal station for Dutch ships traveling to and from Asia; settlers expanded and fought with Bantu and other Africans | 14 | |
| 6725402716 | Boers | Dutch and other European settlers in Cape Colony before 19th century British occupation; later called Afrikaners | 15 | |
| 6725434575 | Calcutta | British East India Company headquarters in Bengal; captured in 1756 by Indians; later became administrative center for populous Bengal | 16 | |
| 6725437269 | Seven Years' War | fought in Europe, Africa, and Asia (also the Americas during the French and Indian War) between 1756 and 1763; the first worldwide war | 17 | |
| 6725446399 | Italian Renaissance | 14th and 15th century movement influencing political forms, literature, and the arts; consisted largely of a revival of classical culture | 18 | |
| 6725448318 | Niccolo Machiavelli | author of The Prince; emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power | 19 | |
| 6725452185 | Humanism | philosophy, or ideology, with a focus on humanity as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor | 20 | |
| 6725455362 | Northern Renaissance | cultural and intellectual movement of northern Europe; influenced by earlier Italian Renaissance; centered in France, Low Countries, England, and Germany; featured greater emphasis on religion that the Italian Renaissance | 21 | |
| 6725459004 | Johannes Gutenberg | - introduced movable type to western Europe in the 15th century; greatly expanded the availability of printed materials | 22 | |
| 6725464412 | European-style family | emerged in the 15th century; involved a later marriage age and a primary emphasis on the nuclear family | 23 | |
| 6725467486 | Martin Luther | German Catholic monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation; emphasized the primacy of faith for gaining salvation in place of Catholic sacraments; rejected papal authority | 24 | |
| 6725471720 | Protestantism | general wave of religious dissent against the Catholic church; formally began with Martin Luther in 1517 | 25 | |
| 6725475605 | Anglican church | form of Protestantism in England established by Henry VIII | 26 | |
| 6725478172 | Jean Calvin | French protestant who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group in Geneva; in the long run encouraged wide public education and access to government | 27 | |
| 6725484387 | Catholic Reformation | Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation; reformed and revived Catholic doctrine | 28 | |
| 6725486582 | Jesuits | Catholic religious order founded during Catholic Reformation; active in politics, education, and missionary work outside of Europe | 29 | |
| 6725492869 | Edict of Nantes | 1598 grant of tolerance in France to French Protestants after length civil wars between Catholics and Protestants | 30 | |
| 6725496230 | Thirty Years War | 1618-1648, fought between German Protestants and their allies and the Holy Roman emperor and Spain; caused great destruction | 31 | |
| 6725498797 | Treaty of Westphalia | ended the Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right of individual rulers and cities to choose their own religion for their people; Netherlands gained independence | 32 | |
| 6725504408 | English Civil War | 1640-1660; included religious and constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of a limited monarchy | 33 | |
| 6725508670 | Proletariat | class of people without access to producing property; usually manufacturing workers, paid laborers in agriculture, or urban poor; product of the economic changes of the 16th and 17th centuries | 34 | |
| 6725512294 | Witchcraft persecution | outburst reflecting uncertainties about religious truth and resentments against the poor, especially women | 35 |
AP World History vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5954517126 | Abolition | 1
: the act of officially ending or stopping something : the act of abolishing something | 0 | |
| 5954517127 | Absolutism | 1 a : a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers b : government by an absolute ruler or authority : despotism 2 : advocacy of a rule by absolute standards or principles 3 : an absolute standard or principle | 1 | |
| 5954517128 | Admonish | 1
a : to indicate duties or obligations to
b : to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner | 2 | |
| 5954517129 | Appeasement | 1
: pacify, conciliate; especially : to make concessions to (someone, such as an aggressor or a critic) often at the sacrifice of principles | 3 | |
| 5954517130 | Arable | 1
: fit for or used for the growing of crops | 4 | |
| 5954517131 | Archaic | 1
: having the characteristics of the language of the past and surviving chiefly in specialized uses | 5 | |
| 5954517132 | Bourgeoisie | 1
: middle class | 6 | |
| 5954517133 | Celibacy | 1
: the state of not being married
2
a : abstention from sexual intercourse
b : abstention by vow from marriage | 7 | |
| 5954517134 | Chauvinism | 1
: excessive or blind patriotism — compare jingoism | 8 | |
| 5954517135 | Coerce/ coercive | 1
: to restrain or dominate by force | 9 | |
| 5954517136 | Conflate | 1
a : to bring together : fuse
b : confuse
2
: to combine (as two readings of a text) into a composite whole | 10 | |
| 5954517137 | Converge | 1
: to tend or move toward one point or one another : come together : meet | 11 | |
| 5954517138 | Coup d' état | 1. a sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force. | 12 | |
| 5954517139 | Debit | : to enter upon the debit side of an account : charge with a debit | 13 | |
| 5954517140 | Deficit | 1
a (1) : deficiency in amount or quality (2) : a lack or impairment in an ability or functional capacity | 14 | |
| 5954517141 | Eclectic | 1 : selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines, methods, or styles 2 : composed of elements drawn from various sources; also : heterogeneous | 15 | |
| 5954517142 | Egalitarian | : asserting, promoting, or marked by egalitarianism | 16 | |
| 5954517143 | Entrépot | : an intermediary center of trade and transshipment | 17 | |
| 5954517144 | Fascism | 1
often capitalized : a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition
2
: a tendency toward or actual exercise of strong autocratic or dictatorial control | 18 | |
| 5954517145 | Fiscal | 1
: of or relating to taxation, public revenues, or public debt | 19 | |
| 5954517146 | Forage | 1
: food for animals especially when taken by browsing or grazing | 20 | |
| 5954517147 | Iberian | : a member of one or more peoples anciently inhabiting the Caucasus in Asia between the Black and Caspian seas | 21 | |
| 5954517148 | Metallurgy | : the science and technology of metals | 22 | |
| 5954517149 | Metropole | 23 | ||
| 5954517150 | Monastery | : a house for persons under religious vows; especially : an establishment for monks | 24 | |
| 5954517151 | Monetary | : of or relating to money or to the mechanisms by which it is supplied to and circulates in the economy | 25 | |
| 5954517152 | Monogamy | 1
archaic : the practice of marrying only once during a lifetime
2
: the state or custom of being married to one person at a time
3
: the condition or practice of having a single mate during a period of time | 26 | |
| 5954517153 | NGOs | 27 | ||
| 5954517154 | Peonage | 1 a : the use of laborers bound in servitude because of debt b : a system of convict labor by which convicts are leased to contractors 2 : the condition of a peon | 28 | |
| 5954517155 | Pragmatism | 1
: a practical approach to problems and affairs | 29 | |
| 5954517156 | Proletariat | 1 : the laboring class; especially : the class of industrial workers who lack their own means of production and hence sell their labor to live 2 : the lowest social or economic class of a community | 30 | |
| 5954517157 | Proctorate | 31 | ||
| 5954517158 | Quandary | : a state of perplexity or doubt | 32 | |
| 5954517159 | The Right | : political groups who favor traditional attitudes and practices and conservative policies | 33 | |
| 5954517160 | Rimland | : a region on the edge of the heartland | 34 | |
| 5954517161 | Status quo ante bellum | 35 | ||
| 5954517162 | Totalitarian | 1 a : of or relating to centralized control by an autocratic leader or hierarchy : authoritarian, dictatorial; especially : despotic b : of or relating to a political regime based on subordination of the individual to the state and strict control of all aspects of the life and productive capacity of the nation especially by coercive measures (such as censorship and terrorism) 2 a : advocating or characteristic of totalitarianism b : completely regulated by the state especially as an aid to national mobilization in an emergency c : exercising autocratic powers | 36 | |
| 5954517163 | Unanimity | : the quality or state of being unanimous | 37 | |
| 5954517164 | Verneration | : the arrangement of foliage leaves within the bud | 38 | |
| 5954517165 | Viceroy | 1 : the governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of a king or sovereign 2 or viceroy butterfly : a showy North American nymphalid butterfly (Limenitis archippus) closely mimicking the monarch in coloration but smaller | 39 |
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