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AP Literature Flashcards

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2584290978ParallelismUsing elements in sentences that are grammatically similar or identical in structure, sound, meaning, or meter EX: what goes around comes around, I am neither a Catholic nor a Protestant, The escaped criminal was wanted dead or alive0
2584290979AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds but not consonant sounds as in consonance EX: fleet feet sweep by sleeping geeks1
2584291876ConsonanceRepetition of consonant sounds, but not vowels, as in assonance EX: lady lounges lazily , dark deep dread crept in2
2584291877OnomatopoeiaWord that imitates the sound it represents EX: splash, wow, gush, kerplunk3
2584293009MetonymySubstituting a word for another word closely associated with it EX: bowing to the sceptered isle. (Great Britain)4
2584293010SynecdocheWhen one uses a part to represent the whole EX: lend me your ears (give me your attention)5
2584293387JuxtapositionWhen one theme or idea or person or whatever is paralleled to another6
2584293388EpithetA word which makes the reader see the object described in a clearer or sharper light EX: Brave Athena, colored counties7
2584293754SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language8
2584293755Passive VoiceThe subject receives the action EXS: It is believed by the candidate that a ceiling must be placed on the budget by Congress. It was earlier demonstrated that heart attacks can be caused by high stress. The man was bitten by the dog.9
2584294169Active VoiceThe subject of sentence performs the action EXS: The candidate believes that Congress must place a ceiling on the budget. Researchers earlier showed that high stress can cause heart attacks. The dog bit the man.10
2584298809ExodosFinal summation and exit of Chorus11
2584300443OdeSeparated each scene; no curtain; also response to scene12
2584302155Catharsisa cleanse the viewer receives from watching; a release from tension13
2584302156Hamartia(tragic flaw) - act, moral flaw or intellectual mistake14
2584305022Peripeteiareversal of fortune15
2584307124HubrisSetting up of self as superior to all humans, even equal to God (gods); extreme pride; arrogance16
2584307505AnagnorisisUnderstanding17
2584307965Dramatic IronyDiscrepancy between what the character thinks and what the audience knows18
2584307966Situational IronyAn event that occurs which directly contradicts the expectaions of the characters, reader, and audience19
2584313892Verbal IronyWords used to suggest the opposite of what is meant20
2584313893SoliloquyA long speech representing the thoughts of characters on stage21
2584315190MonologueOne person speaking on a stage22
2584316113OracleOne who delivers god's message to man23
2672806823DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words24
2672806824Figurative LanguageA form of language use in which writers and speakers convey something other than the literal meaning of their words.25
2672807663Shift/TurnOccurs in a speaker's or writer's style or tone and is often accompanied by a shift in focus.26
2672807664AllegoryA figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events.27
2672808191AntagonistA character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character.28
2672808192AsideA short comment or speech that a character delivers directly to the audience or to himself, while other actors on the stage cannot listen29
2672808539CaesuraA pause in a line of verse, indicated by natural speech patterns rather than due to specific metrical patterns.30
2672808540ConceitA figure of speech in which two vastly different objects are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors31
2672808891EpiphanyA moment of sudden revelation or insight32
2672808892ForeshadowingA narrative device that hints at future events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.33
2672809282MotifA recurring theme, subject or idea34
2672809283Plot ElementsThe sequence of events in a story: exposition, conflict, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution35
2672809710SarcasmA type of verbal irony in which, under the guise of praise, a caustic and bitter expression of strong and personal disapproval is given. Sarcasm is personal, jeering, and intended to hurt.36
2672809711SimileA comparison or analogy that typically uses like or as.37
2672810139Point Of ViewIn literature, the perspective from which a story is told.38
2672810140ConnotationAll the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests39
2672810626AllusionA reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art40
2672810627ApostropheA figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply41
2672811075CharacterizationA method an author uses to let readers know more about the characters and their personal traits.42
2672811076ConflictA struggle between two opposing forces.43
2672811077EuphonyA succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony.44
2672811281GenreA category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.45
2672811282MetaphorResemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics.46
2672811588ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.47
2672811589ProtagonistCentral character or leading figure in poetry, narrative, novel or any other story.48
2672811890SatireA work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals.49
2672811891StereotypeA generalized belief about a group of people50
2672812284StyleA basic and distinctive mode of expression.51
2672812285ToneAttitudes and presuppositions of the author that are revealed by their linguistic choices (diction, syntax, rhetorical devices)52
2672812286DetailFacts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in the work.53
2672812775DenotationLiteral meaning of a word as it appears in the dictionary54
2672812776AlliterationRepetition of consonant sounds in words that are close together55
2672813071AnalogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in some way56
2672813270BildungsromanA German word referring to a novel structured as a series of events that take place as the hero travels in quest of a goal57
2672813525ClimaxThat point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest; usually the point at which the conflict is resolved58
2672813527FlashbackA method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events59
2672813912HyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor60
2672813913Omniscient(adj.) knowing everything; having unlimited awareness or understanding61
2672814139ParadoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.62
2672814140Reliability (of narrator)Deciding whether the internal or external voice telling the story is reliable or unreliable.63
2672814141ScansionAnalysis of verse into metrical patterns64
2672814529SymbolAn object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself.65
2672814770Turning PointA moment in history that marks a decisive change (Climax in stories)66
2672814771ImageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)67
2672814772PacingThe movement of a literary piece from one point or one section to another68
2672815177ThemeA unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work.69
2672815178AmbiguityAn event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.70
2672815390AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.71
2672815391CacophonyHarsh sound or sounds (e.g. "c" "k" "d")72
2672815736ColloquialSse of informal words, phrases or even slang in a piece of writing73
2672815737EnjambmentA run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next.74
2672815973FoilA character who is in most ways opposite to the main character (protagonist) or one who is nearly the same as the protagonist. The purpose of the foil character is to emphasize the traits of the main character by contrast only75
2672815974IronyA contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen.76
2672815975MoodFeeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader77
2672816185OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.78
2672816186PersonificationAn object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form (e.g., Flowers danced about the lawn.).79
2672816454RepetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis80
2672816455SettingThe general locale, historical time, and social circumstances in which the action of a fictional or dramatic work occurs81
2672816731SynesthesiaA technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters or places in such a manner that they appeal to more than one senses like hearing, seeing, smell etc. at a given time.82
2672817343UnderstatementA statement which lessens or minimizes the importance of what is meant.83
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AP World History Ch. 17 Flashcards

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3272443053world economyEstablished by Europeans y the 16th century; based on control of seas, including the Atlantic and Pacific; created international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products.0
3272449981Cape of Good HopeSouthern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India.1
3272454034Columbus, ChristopherGenoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas.2
3272462805Magellan, Ferdinand(1480-1521) Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed Spain to claim Philippines.3
3272469203Dutch East India CompanyJoint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed.4
3272536909British East India CompanyJoint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed.5
3272539686LepantoNaval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571.6
3272543141core nationsNations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials.7
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Ch 1 ap world history Flashcards

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2828913203ShamansPeople skilled at spirit world0
2828913204Trace danceShamans used it as a healing tool, viewed gods as disease1
2828913205Paleolithic settling downPlants and animals were forced to expand their range which allowed their population to grow this led to people settling down by the sea and the population was greatly expanded2
2828913206Megafaunal extinctionExtinction of very large animals do to migration of humans out of Africa in southern Asia3
2828913207Austronesian migrationThe migration of people called Austronians from Asia into the pacific4
2828913208The original affluent societyPeople needed little and the life expectancy was low5
2828913209Insulting to meatInvolved highly insulted comments about the size or quality of an animal killed by a hunter6
2828913210Chumash cultureThe chomish are more representative of leader post ice age Paleolithic people Who settled in the villages in created more complex societies7
2828913211San cultureThey used tools, discovered a new species, and had very adaptive diets, and worked little. Very simple life with no leaders8
2828913212Paleolithic rock artRock art of gathering and hunting people who represent different aspects of life9
2828913213Venus figuresExaggerated female figurines10
2828913214DreamtimeDevelopment of an elaborate and complex look on the world11
2828913215Clovis cultureFirst clearly defined culture in the Americas12
2828913216The brotherhood of the TomalThe boatbuilders of the Tomal or planked canoe organize themselves into an elite craft Guild which monopolized canoe production and held the tools knowledge and sacred medicine associated with these boats13
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AP World History Intellectual Vocab Unit 1 Flashcards

Harris, CAHS

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464565767Hunting and GatheringThe killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance.0
464565768Homo Sapiens SapiensA species of the creatures Hominid who have larger brains and to which humans belong, dependent of language and usage of tools.1
464565769Mesolithic AgeMiddle part of the Stone Age beginning about 15,000 years ago2
464565770Neolithic AgeNew Stone Age beginning around 10,000 B.C.E in the Middle East (until later)3
464565771Neolithic Revolutionthe shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis around 8,000 B.C.E4
464565772Sedentary AgricultureFarming system in which the farmer remains settled in one place.5
464565773Domestication of Animalsthe taming of animals and plants for human use, such as work or as food6
464565774Surplusa quantity much larger than is needed7
464565775Specialized Jobspeople practicing one profession only8
464565776Pastoral NomadismA form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.9
464565777Metallurgythe science or art of metals. It includes the study of their properties and structure, the separation and refining of metals from their ores, the production of alloys, and the shaping and treatment of metals by heat and rolling.10
464565778Civilizationa society in an advanced state of social development, highly developed culture11
464565779Catal HuyukOne of first true cities in history, created in the Neolithic Era in 6500 to 5500 BC, from which were created agriculture, trading, temples, housing, and religions, was located in present day Turkey12
464565780Mesopotamiafirst civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers"; Sumerian culture13
464565781Egypta republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 197114
464565782Indus River Valleya valley in northeren Pakistan that is between the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges. Location of the first Indian civilization15
464565783Northern Chinadry, not much rain, people used rivers to survive16
464565784Asian Steppethe Asian part of the Eurasian Steppe; includes mainly the Mongolian steppes and the Kazakh steppes17
467212263JudaismA religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.18
467212264Iron toolsafter agriculture developed, stronger tools were needed, so tools were made of metal (copper, bronze - Bronze age); Iron was discovered about 1500 BCE, changed tools, metal working, special jobs, agriculture, etc19
467212265ZhouThe people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. Remembered as prosperous era in Chinese History.20
467212266Qin Hanchinese dynasty, ended with emporers death in 210. built great wall which peoples bodies are built in He had LEGALISM which is rule with an iron fist and his empire didn't last very long.Qin was considered to be a cruel leader because he reduced Aristocrats power, and burned scholars writings.21
467212267ConfuciusWestern name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi (551-479 B.C.E.). His doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials.22
467212268Filial Pietythe duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family, a concept important in Confucianism23
467212269Great wallChinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during Qin dynasty and reign of Shi Huangdi.24
467212270Wu TiHan "Warrior Emperor" who greatly expanded the empire, (140-87 BCE); promoted peace; supported Confucianism; Conducted trade with the Parthian Empire in the Middle East. He also conducted the FIRST Civil service examinations in the world.25
467212271Central Governmenta form of government in which the national government has most of the power, while the states have little power26
467212272Professional Bureaucracya decentralized form of organization that emphasizes the operating core and coordination of standardization of skills. Structural Configuration- hospital/university. Both horizontal and vertical. Emphasizes expertise of professional in operating core.27
467212273Confuscianismethical system; society was organized by 5 relationships: (1)ruler&subject (2)father&son (3)husband&wife (4)older brother&younger brother (5)friend&friend; children should practice respect to parents and ancestors; words are in book called Analects.28
467212274LegalismIn China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime.29
467212275DaoismChinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature.30
467212276Laozithe "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism)31
467212277Patriarchalrelating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority; the father or eldest son is head of the family.32
467212278Heirarchicalof a group of persons or things arranged in order of rank, grade, class, etc., shang dynasty/china Heirarchical-king,aristicrats,warriors,artisans, peasents -levels of society -developed into feudalism33
467212279Indus and Gangesmost important agricultural regions in classical India, Indus is a river valley civilization, Aryans extended agriculture to Ganges wtih iron tools, Ganges were sacred to India.34
467212280AryanA group of Indo-European nomadic herders who are believed by many scholars to have migrated to the Indian subcontinent.35
467212281Caste Systema set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society36
467212282Vedassacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests37
467212283MahabharataA vast epic chronicling the events leading up to a cataclysmic battle between related kinship groups in early India. It includes the Bhagavad-Gita, the most important work of Indian sacred literature.38
467212284RamayanaOne of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne.39
467212285UpanishadsA major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised; A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe.40
467212286MauryaKing that unifies much of northern india through conquest, very war-like, creates a bureaucratic government, exempts farmers from military service, had heavy taxes to enforce law; Dynasty established in Indian sub-continentin 4th century B.C.E. following invasion by Alexander the Great41
467227994GuptaA dynasty of North India (a.d. 320-540) whose court was the center of classical Indian art and literature. annnnnd under which the arts flourished and a unified code of laws was promulgated., a dynasty of N India (a.d. 320-540) whose court was the center of classical Indian art and literature. annnnnd under which the arts flourished and a unified code of laws was promulgated; enjoyed a golden age.42
467227995Chandragupta MauryaHe founded India's first empire. He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western India.43
467227996AshokaThird ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.44
467227997Buddhismthe teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth, founded in India and later spread to China.45
467227998Regionalisma foreign policy that defines the international interests of a country in terms of particular geographic areas.46
467227999Hinduisma body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth.47
467228000Polytheisticworshiping or believing in more than one god.48
467228001Reincarnationthe hinduism belief that when a soul dies it will come back to life and be roborn again; rebirth of a soul into a new body; passing through many lives to get to the brahman.49
467228002Dharmain Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste, Ethical duty based on the divine order of reality; one of the four goals of life.50
467228003Siddhartha GuatamaA prince, left his wife and family to wander through the Ganges valley searching for enlightenment and an explanation for suffering; born into a Kshatriya family where his father was the governor of a state; known as The Buddha and the founder of Buddhism after he meditated under a tree for 49 days and recieved enlightenment and understood suffering and how it could be eliminated51
467228004Nirvanaa condition of great peace or happiness; a lasting peace that buddhists seek by giving up selfish desires.52
467228005Cyrus the GreatA remarkable leader who managed to reunite he Persian Empire in a powerful kingdom. Under Cyrus, Persia began building an empire larger than any yet seen in the world; king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC)53
467228006ZoroastrainismAnimist Religion that saw material existaence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song"; chief religion in Persian Empire; developed in ancient Persia.54
467228007City-statea city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside (so basically a country) ex: USA, Mexico, etc.55
467228008PericlesAthenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.56
467228009Peloponnesian WarsWars from 431 to 404 BCE between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulted in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unification of Greece.57
467228010SpartaGreek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts.58
467228011Alexander the Greatson of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world.59
467228012Hellenistica word meaning to "imitate Greeks"; Greek-speaking civilization which spread through many lands of the eastern Mediterranean and beyond following the conquests of Alexander the Great.60
467228013Republica political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.61
467228014Roman EmpireAn empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire. at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome.62
467228015Punic WarsA series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.63
467228016CarthageCity located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E.64
467228017Julius CesarRuler elected to consul who ruled Rome for 10 years and later made himself the gov. of Gaul and goverened as supreme ruler and was assasinated65
467228018DiocletianRoman emperor who was faced with military problems, when that happend he decided to divide the empire between himself in the east and maximian in the west. he did the last persecution of the Christians.66
467228019ConstantineRoman Emperor (4th century;280-337 A.D.) who promoted tolerance to all religions in the Roman Empire and legalized Christianity.67
467228020Aristocracythe most powerful members of a society, a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility.68
467228021Direct Democracya system of government in which members of the polity meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule.69
467228022Representative Governmentsystem of government in which public policies are made by officials selected by the voters and held accountable in periodic elections.70
467228023SenateIn ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats; a group of 300 men elected to govern Rome.71
467228024ChristianityCurrently the most popular religion in the world based on the number of worshippers found throughout the world. While this monotheistic religion developed from Judaism, there are several key differences in its teachings. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century CE. The Christian holy book is called the Holy Bible. Focuses on the Old and New Testament72
467228025Rationalitythe process by which traditional methods of social organization, characterized by informality and spontaneity, are gradually replaced by efficiently administered formal rules and procedures.73
467228026Philosophythe rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics;, system of ideas;, love of wisdom;, a system of beliefs and values.74
467228027SocratesAthenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. He made enemies in government by revealing the ignorance of others.75
467228028Platoancient Athenian philosopher; one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of western civilization. Plato explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal state, the people were divided into three different groups.76
467228029AristotleGreek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.77
467228030KushAn African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.78
467228031AxumThe Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa.79
467228032Ethiopiaa Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa.80
467228033Nomadic SocietiesMoving peoples. End of classical period: contacts with civilizations central Asia (like China), infl. by their political organization, conquering goals, trade route with Asia.81
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AP World History - Unit 4 Vocabulary Project Flashcards

These are all the words for the Unit 4 Vocabulary/Game project assigned to AP World History students.

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6620951094 G's of Explorationa. Gold - they want to find the riches b. God - explorers wanted to spread the Christianity c. Gain - they wanted more land and wealth d. Glory -they wanted to be known and be famous for generations to come0
662095110Prince Henry the NavigatorHead of the Portugal Royal family. He and the rest of his family invested greatly and supported highly in sea travel and exploring.1
662095111Vasco de GamaPortugal financed a voyage for in 1497, where he rounded the Cape of Good Hope, explored the east African kingdoms, and then went all the way to India, where he established trade relations.2
662095112Bartholomew DiasIn 1492, Portugal financed his trip in which he rounded the tip of Africa. Which became known as the Cape of Good Hope.3
662095113Age of ExplorationExploration before the late 15th century was largely limited to land travel. To be sure ships were used on the Med and Indian Ocean trade routes for centuries, but they were linked up to land routes through Persia, Arabia, northern Africa, or Central Asia on the Silk Road4
662095114Transoceanicsituated on the other side of the ocean; crossing the ocean.5
662095115Cartographera person who makes maps6
662095116CaravelA small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.7
662095117Zheng HeAChinese navigator, led fleets throughout SE Asia and the Indian Ocean, all the way to E Africa, a century before the Europeans did the same. 15th century.8
662095118Hernan CortezIn 1519, Cortez landed on the coast of Mexico with a small force of 600 men. He found himself at the heart of the Aztec Empire. Brought horses to the Americas. Montezuma, the Aztec ruler, took Cortez as a god9
662095119Jacques Cartier1491-1557 French explorer who began the first of his voyages to Canada in search of the NorthWest Passage. During his second voyage, 1535-1536, Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River as far as the present site of Quebec city. Cartier's voyages established France's claims to North America.10
662095120Sir Francis DrakeEnglish explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)11
662095121Northwest PassageA water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific through northern Canada and along the northern coast of Alaska. Sought by navigators since the 16th century.12
662095122Columbiantransfer of goods,people, and ideas13
662095123CommercializationThe transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.14
662095124Mercantilisman economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests15
662095125Triangular TradeA three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa16
662095126Columbian ExchangeThe exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.17
662095127Measlesan acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash18
662095128Influenzaviral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue.19
662095129Cash cropa readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (as vegetables or cotton or tobacco)20
662095130African slavery10-15 million people taken from Africa between 1500 and 1870, Several million more people killed in slave raids and forced marches to the coast. Most bought from African slave traders, at least 15% died in horrible conditions aboard slave ships.21
662095131SunniA branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad22
662095132Shi'aBranch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Mainly found in Iran and a small part of Iraq. It is the state religion of Iran. A member of this group is called a Shi'ite.23
662095133Reformationa religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches24
662095134VodunAfrican religious practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti. (Voodoo)25
662095135RenaissanceA period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a 'rebirth' of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance, from roughly the mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century, and a Northern Renaissance 1400-160026
662095136ShakespeareEnglish poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)27
662095137Encomiendaa grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.28
662095138Hacienda Systemsimilar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners29
662095139CreoleDescendants of the Europeans in Latin America, usually implies an upper class status.30
662095140Mestizoperson in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was of Native American and European descent31
662095141Zamindarlocal officials who received plots of farmland for their temporary use, kept a portion of the taxes paid by peasants in lieu of a salary, expected to forward the rest of the taxes to the central government32
662095142MughalOne of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there33
662095143Absolutisma form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)34
662095144Louis XIVWas 4 years old when he inherited the crown of France. He became one of the most legendary monarchs of Euro history. Ruled 1643-1715. Believed in Absolute Monarchy.35
662095145Henry VIII(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.36
662095146Elizabeth IQueen of England. Succeeded Mary I in 1558 and ruled until 1603. In addition to leading the defeat of the Spanish Armada and developing England into a world power, she strengthened Protestantism. Daughter of Henry VIII. Never married. She proclaimed that she was married to her country.37
662095147Council of TrentThe congress of learned Roman Catholic authorities that met intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church practices and reconcile with the Protestants.38
662095148EurasmusThis influential humanist from northern Europe wrote a new edition of the New Testament in Greek as well as other influential works. Thought of the THEORY OF HUMANISM.39
662095149Thirty Years War(1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.40
662095150Leonardo da VinciItalian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect41
662095151Diet of WormsAssembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.42
662095152HuguenotsFrench Protestants. The Edict of Nantes (1598) freed them from persecution in France, but when that was revoked in the late 1700s, hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to other countries, including America.43
662095153Cardinal Richelieuthe chief minister of Louis XII who ran the French government from 1624 to 1642. he was a political genius who wanted to make the king supreme in France and France supreme in Europe. he set out to destroy the power of the nobles and the Huguenots who were protected by the Edict of Nantes. He strengthened France economically and appointed intendants. Tried to make France an ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.44
662095154Jan HussCzech philosopher and reformer. He was the head of a protestant movement called the hussites. he influenced luther. Burned at the stake in 1415.45
662095155Plantation farmingA large estate owned by an individual or group organized to sell one or two cash crops using slave labor.46
662095156Balance of Tradethe difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of merchandise47
662095157VersaillesA palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles. Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility.48
662095158Taj Mahal17th century Indian palace built by a king for his wife, considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.49
662095159OttomansTurkish-speaking population of the Ottoman Empire who formed the base of the state's military and ruling classes.50
662095160Divine Righs of Kingsa political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God.51
662095161Frederick the GreatPrussian king of the 18th century; attempted to introduce Enlightenment reforms into Germany; built on military and bureaucratic foundations of his predecessors; introduced freedom of religion; increased state control of economy.52
662095162Martin LutherGerman theologian who led the Reformation.53
662095163James I & VIScotish cousin of Elizabeth I, was well-educated, although was not interested in personal power and failed to live up to the role that was given to him.54
662095164Inquisitiona former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church (1232-1820) created to discover and suppress heresy.55
662095165Catholic ReformationReligious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.56
662095166Humanismthe doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason.57
662095167Italian city-statesStronger than other parts of Europe, able to discard and overcome feudalism easily. Weathly, led Rennissance. Included Milan, Florence, Venice, and Naples.58
662095168usurythe act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest.59
662095169Edict of Wormsdeclared Martin Luther an outlaw within the empire and his works were to be burned and luther himself captured and delivered to the emperor.60
662095170Anglican Churchthe national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs). Was created after the authority of the Catholic Church became too powerful.61
662095171Edict of Nantesdocument that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots.62
662095172heretica person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church.63
662095173Middle Passagethe route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade.64
662095174Commercial Revolutionthe expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries.65
662095175Treaty of Tordesillasset the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.66
662095176Christopher ColumbusItalian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506).67
662095177Astrolabean instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets.68
662095178Compassnavigational instrument for finding direction.69
662095179Francisco PizzaroSpanish conquistador who conquered the Inca's.70
662095180Rene Robert de la Sallefollowed the Mississippi River all the way to Gulf of Mexico; claimed Louisiana for France.71
662095181indigenousoriginating where it is found.72
662095182joint-stock companyA company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.73
662095183Smallpoxa highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars.74
662095184endemicnative to or confined to a certain region.75
662095185syncretictraditions that borrow from both the past and present.76
662095186Sufia Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam.77
662095187Sikhismthe doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.78
662095188CervantesSpanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616).79
662095189Indentured servitudeperson who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to America.80
662095190Mulattoan offspring of a Black and a White parent.81
662095191ManchusNortheast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties.82
662095192SonghaySucessor of Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao.83
662095193Peter the GreatRuled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to Western Europe, to modernize and strengthen Russia.84
662095194Prussiaa former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland.85
662095195John CalvinSwiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564).86
662095196Piracyrobbery on the high seas.87
662095197JesuitsAlso known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.88
66209519895 ThesesArguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic Church. They were posted on October 31, 1517.89
662095199Johann GutenburgGerman printer; in 1448 he invented a printing press that used movable type.90
662095200MichelangeloFlorentine sculptor and painter and architect. Famous for the Statue of David.91
662095201indulgencesSelling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.92
662095202Predestinationthe belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power.93
662095203dissentera person who does not agree with the beliefs of his or her leaders.94
662095204John WycliffeEnglish theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384).95
662095205secularisma doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations.96
662095206British East India CompanyGovernment charted joint-stock company that controlled spice trade in the East Indies after the Dutch.97
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AP World History Summer Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
2902704833Absolutisma political theory in which a ruler has complete power0
2902706734Anti-Semitismhostility towards or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group1
2902710310Buddhisma religion of eastern and central Asia that is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha2
2902714926Calvinisma Christian set of beliefs that is based on the teachings of John Calvin and that stresses God's power and the moral weakness of human beings3
2902718902Capitalisma way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government4
2902735037Communisma way of organizing a society in which the government owns the things that are used to make and transport products and there is no privately owned property5
2902740656Confucianismthe system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct6
2902786423Creationismthe doctrine that all matter and all things were created, substantially as they now exist, by an omnipotent creator, and not gradually evolved or developed7
2902801900Cubisma style of painting and sculpture characterized chiefly by an emphasis on a formal structure, the reduction natural forms to their geometric equivalents8
2902804356Dadaisma movement in art and literature based in deliberate irrationality and negation of traditional artistic values; a revolt against tradition9
2902814356Daoism (Taoism)a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Loa-tzu that stresses living simply and honestly and in harmony with nature10
2902817285Darwinismthe theory of Charles Darwin about how plant and animal species develop (natural selection)11
2902832810Deisma movement or system of thought advocating natural religion, emphasizing mortality12
2902835003Egalitarianisma belief in human equality especially with respect to social political and economic affairs13
2903101707Environmentalismadvocacy of the preservation, restoration, or improvements of the natural environment; a theory that views environment rather than heredity as the most important developmental factor14
2903136532Existentialisma philosophical movement embracing diverse doctrines but centering on analysis of individual existence where the individual must accept responsibility of free will15
2903153061Fascisma way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of people who are not allowed to disagree16
2903156379Feudalisma social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return17
2903170653Feminismthe belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities18
2903174696Fundamentalisma movement in 20th century Protestantism emphasizing the literally interpreted Bible as fundamental to Christian life and teaching19
2903180679Hinduismthe main religion in India which includes polytheism and reincarnation20
2903184326Humanisma system of values and beliefs that is based on the idea that people are basically good and that problems can be solved using reason instead of religion21
2903192747Imperialisma policy or practice by which a country gains power by paining control over other areas of the world22
2903197503Impressionisma style of painting that uses spots of color to show the effects of different kinds of light, and that attempts to capture the feeling of the scene rather than the details23
2903230150Judaisma monotheistic religion, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the Old Testimate and in the teachings of Rabbis24
2903234147Legalismstrict adherence to law; the doctrine that salvation is gained through good works25
2903236888Manicheismbelief in a combination of religions or belief systems26
2903240685Marxismthe political, economic, and social theories of Karl Marx including the belief that the struggle between social classes is a major force in history and should eventually be stopped27
2903244950Mercantilisman economic system used to increase power and wealth of a nation by strict government regulation of the economy of colonies28
2903308677Militarianisma strong military spirit or policy; a tendency to regard military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state and to subordinate all other interests to those of the military29
2903329291Materialismpreoccupation with emphasis on material objects, comforts, and considerations, with a disinterest in or rejection of spiritual, intellectual, or cultural values30
2903332996Modernisma style of art, literature, etc. thats uses ideas and methods which are very different from those used in the past; a time of advancements made in culture and innovations31
2903336971Monotheismthe belief that there is only one God32
2903340644Nationalisma feeling that people have of being loyal to and proud of their country often with the belief that it is better and more important than other countries33
2903345603Neo-Confucianismphilosophical movement incorporating Taoist and Buddhist elements with an adaptation of Confucianism34
2903359326Pacifismthe belief that it is wrong to use war or violence to settle disputes35
2903359925Pantheismthe doctrine that equates God with the forces and laws of the universe36
2903362528Polytheismthe belief that there is more than one god37
2903363441Racismpoor treatment of or violence towards people because of their race; the belief that some races are better than others38
2903371694Realisma style of art and literature that shows and describes things as they are in real life39
2903394502Romanticisma style of art and literature that emphasizes imagination and emotions40
2903396340Schismdivision or disunion, especially into mutually opposed parties41
2903400326Scholasticismthe system of theological and philosophical teaching predominant in the Middle Ages, based chiefly upon the authority of the church fathers and of Aristotle and his commentators42
2903405266Skepticisman attitude of doubt in general or toward a particular object43
2903407550Surrealisma style of art and literature stressing the non-rational significance arrived at by exploitation of chance effects, unexpected contrast, etc.44
2903422502Terrorismthe use of violence and threats to intimidate or harass, especially for political purposes45
2903424724Totalitarianismabsolute control by the state or a governing branch of a highly centralized institution46
2903428518Utilitarianismthe ethical doctrine that virtue is based on usefulness, and that behavior should be directed towards making the greatest number or people as happy as possible47
2903433053Social Darwinisman extension of Darwinism used in social phenomena48
2903434654Socialisma way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individuals49
2903441338Agriculturalof, related to, or used in farming50
2903451873Belief Systemsa set of beliefs prevalent in a community or society51
2903454912Bureaucracya body of nonelective government officials; an administrative policy; a government characterized by specialization of functions, adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority52
2903475554Civilizationany type of culture, society, etc., of a specific place, time, or group53
2903495466Commerceactivities that relate to the buying and selling of goods and services54
2903497587Colonizationthe act of moving into an area55
2903500880Decolonizationthe act of becoming independent instead of being a colony56
2903501825Demographica specific segment of a population having shared characteristics57
2903505974Diffusionto integrate or spread58
2903507044Empirea government under an emperor or empress59
2903509430Environmentalthe surrounding things, conditions, or influences60
2903512057Gender Rolesthe public image of being male or female that a person presents to others61
2903519906Globalizationthe act of extending to other all parts of the globe62
2903521285Hierarchya system of people or things ranked one above another63
2903537591Ideologythe body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group64
2903541625Interactionsreciprocal action, effect, or influence65
2903542561Labor Systemsways in which people are used to complete laborious activities66
2903545131Maritimeof or relating to the sea67
2903545900Nation-Statesa sovereign state inhabited by a reletively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality68
2903550540Nation-buildingthe advocacy of national solidarity69
2903552204Pandemic(of a disease) prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world70
2903555496Reformthe improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, or unsatisfactory71
2903557662Revolutionan overthrow and thorough replacement of an established government72
2903559115Social Revolutionreorganization of the social structure of a society73
2903560494Trade Networka series of routes in which trade can occur74
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Modern World History Ch.4 Flashcards

Chapter 4: Main Ideas

Terms : Hide Images
3093206340Section 1...0
3093206341Why did Columbus set sail westward?He set sail so he could find a new trade route to Asia through the ocean.1
3093206342What were three goals of the Spanish in the Americas?Three goals of the Spanish in the Americas were; the desire to attain great amounts of riches, to establish claims on as much land as possible,and to colonize as much land as possible.2
3093206343Why did Popé lead a rebellion against the Spanish?Popé lead a rebellion against the Spanish because the Spanish were oppressing and abusing the natives.3
3093206344Section 2...4
3093206345What did the Europeans mostly grow in their Caribbean colonies?Europeans mostly grew cotton and sugar plants in their Caribbean colonies.5
3093206346What was the result of the French and Indian War?The result of the French and Indian war was the surrender of France's North American holdings to the English.6
3093206347Section 3...7
3093206348What factors lead European colonists to use Africans to resupply their labor forces?Factors that lead to the use of Africans to resupply labor forces consisted of; African pre exposer to European diseases, the new land would be unfamiliar, and they could't blend in with others if they escaped.8
3093206349What were the conditions on board a slave ship?While onboard a slave ship nearly 20% of the African population could be expected to perish, both from disease, and abuse.9
3093206350What were several ways in which enslaved Africans resisted their treatment in the Americas?Enslaved Africans resisted their treatment in the Americas by working as slow as possible, breaking their tools, and uprooting plants.10
3093206351Section 4...11
3093206352Why was the introduction of corn and potatoes to Europe and Asia so significant?The introduction of corn and potatoes to Europe and Asia was so significant because their vitamins and minerals increased the lifespan of the world's population.12
3093206353What was the economic policy of mercantilism?The economic policy of mercantilism was to gain as much wealth as possible.13
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AP World History Ch 1 Flashcards

These are both terms and review questions

Terms : Hide Images
4951597447According to our books, what region did our ancient ancestors evolve and migrate from?Africa0
4951641996Briefly describe a difference between most culture's creation stories and the modern evolutionary description of how humans came to be.In dominant religions, humans "arrive" on the planet fully formed. Modern evolution-people developed over millions of years.1
4951664124EvolutionThe process by which the different species of the world-its plants and animals-adapted in response to their often changing environments in ways that enabled them to survive and increase in numbers.2
4951681650Name at least two methods used to date artifacts/old things.Any two of the following: radiocarbon dating, potassium-argon dating, and DNA analysis.3
4951698802hominidsHumanlike beings who walked erect and preceded modern humans4
4951735964australopithecinesHomind specias that appeared 3 million years ago and, unlike other animals, walked on two legs. Their brain capacity was a little less than one-third of a modern human's or about the size of the brain capacity of today's African apes. Although not humans, they carried the genetic and biological material out of which modern humans would later emerge.5
4951750236speciesa group of animals or plants possessing one or more distinctive characteristics6
4951762158What is probably the most famous australopithecine skeleton ever found?Lucy7
4951771720adaptationthe ability to alter behaviour and to innovate, finding new ways of doing things8
4951776032bipedalismwalking on two legs, thereby freeing hands and arms to carry objects such as weapons and tools; one of several traits that distinguished hominids9
4952098716cognitive skillsSkills such as thought, memory, problem-solving, and-ultimately-language. Hominids were able to use these skills and their hands to create new adaptations, like tools, which helped them obtain food and avoid predators.10
4952120805innovationCreation of a new method that allowed humans to make better adaptations to their environment such as the making of new tools11
4952124039Homo ErectusSpecies that emerged about 1.5 million years ago and had a large brain and walked truly upright. The name means "Standing man".12
4952129517migrationLong-distance travel for the purpose of resettlement. In the case of early man, the need to move was usually a response to an environmental shift, such as climate change during the Ice Age.13
4952141269Homo SapiensThe first humans; they emerged in a small region of Africa about 200,000 years ago and migrated out of Africa about 100,000 years ago. They had bigger brains and greater dexterity than previous hominid species, whom they eventually eclipsed.14
4952163274What traits do people argue made humans truly human compared to the apes they evolved from?Toolmaking, bipedalism, and having a large brain15
4952174875hunting and gatheringLifestyle in which food is acquired through hunting animals, fishing, and foraging for wild berries, nuts, fruit, and grains, rather than planting crops, vines, or trees. As late as 1500, as much as 15 percent of the world's population still lived by this method.16
4952189999languageSystem of communication reflecting cognitive abilities. Generally defined as words arranged in particular sequences to convey meaning and is unique to modern humans.17
4952196703domesticationBringing a wild animal or plant under human control.18
4952208506settled agricultureApplication of human labor and tools to a fixed plot of land for more than one growing cycle. It entails the changeover from a hunting and gathering lifestyle to one based on agriculture, which requires staying in one place until the soil has been exhausted.19
4952220308pastoralismHerding and breeding of sheep and goats or other animals as a primary means of subsistence.20
4952237194Why did cities/territories with a thriving agriculture/pastoral environment tend to see growth and prosperity?There are a few reasons for this, but one of the reasons is that, when farming techniques are made more efficient, more food is produced. This enables a bigger population to be sustained (growth) and people can trade or sell surplus food, which can lead to prosperity.21
4952253425What were the first animals to be domesticated?Dogs22
4952255102Transhumant migrantsNomads who entered settled territories in the second millennium BC and moved their herds seasonally when resources became scarce.23
4952277136NomadsPeople who move across vast distances without settling permanently in a particular place. Often pastoralists, nomads and transhumant herders introduced new forms of chariot-based warfare that transformed the Afro-Eurasian world.24
4952289104What animal was considered the measure of household wealth and prestige?The horse25
4952309809What is another name for the Paleolithic Era?The Old Stone Age, lasting from about 10 million BC-10,000 BC.26
4952336852What is another name for the Neolithic Era?The New Stone Age, lasting from about 10,000 BC-4,000 BC.27
4952349174Name at least two examples of neolithic art.Woman/Venus of Willendorf, Stonehenge, Cave art in Lascaux and Cueva de la Manos.28
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AP World History - The Americas Flashcards

Includes vocabulary from pre-classical, classical, and post-classical civilizations of Mesoamerica and South America.

Terms : Hide Images
4271565119Olmec"rubber people"; in power from 1200 - 400 B.C.E. Their language is undecipherable, and they are well-noted for their large stone heads.0
4271565120ChavinSouth American civilization who uses the llama, have metallurgy skills for gold and silver techniques.1
4271565121pre-classical eraany activity within the Americas before 600 C.E. (i.e., the rise and fall of the Olmecs)2
4271565122classical eraany activity within the Americas between 600 - 900 C.E. (i.e., Maya & Teotihuacan)3
4271565123post-classical eraany activity within the Americas between 900 - 1450 C.E. (i.e., Aztecs & Incas)4
4271565124MayaMesoamerican civilization (300 B.C.E. - 750 C.E.) concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. Traces of Olmec ideas are found in this civilization's ideas, and had an agricultural-based society.5
4271565125maizeThe most important crop of many Mesoamerican civilizations.6
4271565126slash and burn agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land.7
4271565127cacaoWhile the Maya did not have a uniform currency, this sometimes served as one.8
4271565128obsidianA usually black or banded, hard volcanic glass that displays shiny, curved surfaces when fractured and is formed by rapid cooling of lava. Used for tools, knives, etc.9
4271565129stelaeLarge memorial pillars to commemorate triumphs and events in the lives of Maya rulers.10
4271565130jadea precious green stone; favored by the Maya and Aztecs.11
4271565131human sacrificeA person who is killed as part of a religious ritual.12
4271565132ceremonial ball gamemuch like soccer & basketball, but with a hoop turned on its side. Used to end legal disputes (the gods would help you win if you were in the right, even if you had no athletic abilities). Also was ceremonial to reenact creation. Often ended in human sacrifice of the losing team.13
4271565133Teotihuacan(200 B.C.E. - 750 C.E.) Highland Mexico, large city, obsidian, large pyramids, city of the gods, evidence of large fires.14
4271565134ToltecsPowerful post-classic empire unified in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization.15
4271565135Topilitzinreligious leader and reformer of the Toltecs, dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, exile in the Yucatan Peninsula.16
4271565136Aztecs(1200-1521 C.E.) They settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew maize, engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Polytheistic. Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor, the leader would sometimes bite the heart of those sacrificed.17
4271565137QuetzalcoatlAztec nature god, feathered serpent, his disappearance and promised return coincided with the arrival of Spanish invader Hernan Cortés.18
4271565138codicespictographic records.19
4271565139Tenochtitlancapital and main city of the Aztecs. Reaches population of 300,000 at its height.20
4271565140chinampas"floating gardens", provide Aztecs and Mayas with agriculture.21
4271565141tributary systemAztecs conquered peoples, provided crops to help Tenochtitlitan.22
4271565142Mochecivilization of north coast of Peru (100-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples.23
4271565143Incaa Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in 1500 C.E. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru.24
4271565144CuzcoThe capital city of the Incan Empire.25
4271565145mit'a systemmandatory labor for the state, associated with the Inca. Everyone had to do jobs for the government.26
4271565146khipussystems of cords and beads for counting.27
4271565147aylluslocal Incan communities.28
4271565148chief IncaThese Incan rulers were the head rulers who were also believed to be divine.29
4271565149QuechuaInca language.30
4271565150road systemThis Incan achievement allowed for the religious cult of Cuzco to spread, as well as the Quechua language. Official runners used this to carry messages.31
4271565151terrace farminga farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain, used by the Incas.32
4271565152Anasazia Native American group who lived in what is now the southwestern United States, used river water to irrigate their crops.33
4271565153Cahokiaa settlement of southern Indians, located in present day U.S.A., it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in 1200 C.E.34
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