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AP World History ELITE Flashcards

2227348456	Agriculture	The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming.	0
2227350739	Agrarian	Concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land	1
2227351691	Bands/Clans	Family groups	2
2227352296	Barbarian	A person belonging to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized	3
2227352740	Bureaucracy	A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials	4
2227352984	Civilization	A complex, highly organized social order	5
2227353440	City-States	A central city and its surrounding villages, which together follow the same law, have one form of government, and share languages, religious beliefs, and ways of life.	6
2227353787	Classical	Of, relating to, or characteristic of Greek and Roman antiquity	7
2227355545	Domestication	The conscious manipulation of plant and animal species by humans in order to sustain themselves.	8
2227355972	Economy	A system in which people make, exchange and use things that have value.	9
2227356643	Egalitarian	Favoring social equality; believing in a society in which all people have equal political, economic, and civil rights	10
2227357949	Emperor	The ruler of an empire	11
2227358281	Empire	A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler	12
2227358600	Feudalism	A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.	13
2227358894	Foraging	the act of searching for food and provisions	14
2227362288	Hierarchy	A group or system in which positions of power are ranked, usually from lowest to highest	15
2227362688	Hierarchical	The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.	16
2227363942	Hunter-Gatherer	People who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive	17
2227363943	Irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land	18
2227364379	Monarchy	A government ruled by a king or queen	19
2227364380	Monotheism	Belief in one God	20
2227364747	Neolithic	(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. "New Stone Age"	21
2227365168	Nomadic	(of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently	22
2227365169	Pastoral	ADJ. Of or relating to shepherd or herders: Of relating to or used for animal husbandry:	23
2227366154	Paleolithic	Old Stone Age	24
2227366684	Philosophy	An organized system of thought, from the Greek for "love of wisdom"	25
2227367937	Polytheism	Belief in many gods	26
2227368820	River Valley	River Valleys provided water and rich soil for the crops as well protection. It were "Cradles of Civilization" made major contributions to social , political, and economic progress.	27
2227369037	Sedentary	Remaining in one place	28
2227369281	Settlement	A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants.	29
2227369282	Substinence	Growing enough food to feed one's self and its' family	30
2227369475	Surplus	A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded	31
2227369689	Sustenance	Nourishment	32
2227370032	Theocracy	A government controlled by religious leaders	33
2227370232	Traditional	An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.	34
2227370508	Urbanization	An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.	35
2227370510	Vassals	Lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity	36
2227371238	Alexander the Great	Son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world	37
2227371901	Analects of Confucius	The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been written by Confucius' followers	38
2227371902	Bronze Age	A period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons	39
2227372153	Byzantium	The civilization that developed from the eastern Roman Empire following the death of the emperor Justinian (C.E. 565) until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.	40
2227372679	Calendar	a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year	41
2227374426	Code of Hammurabi	A collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world.	42
2227374427	Cuneiform	A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia. Because so many symbols had to be learned, literacy was confined to a relatively small group of administrators and scribes.	43
2227374710	Democracy	A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	44
2227375193	Eightfold Path	In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering	45
2227375513	Four Noble Truths	As taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism.	46
2227375745	Gothic Migration	Germanic nomads pushed into West Rome by the Huns	47
2227375992	Indian Ocean Trade	Connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.	48
2227375993	Iron Age	Historians' term for the period during which iron was the primary metal for tools and weapons. The advent of iron technology began at different times in different parts of the world.	49
2227376353	Jewish Diaspora	The global dispersion of the Jewish people from their ancestral homeland (in modern-day Israel), with a history dating back millennia.	50
2227376531	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy that was devoted to strengthen and expand the state through increased agricultural work and military service.	51
2227376824	Pyramids	Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top	52
2227378885	Shang Civilization	China's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE	53
2227378886	Shi Huang Di	Qin dynasty - reunified china, legalistic, introduced the standard units of money, unified the great wall, buried with 7000 terracotta soldiers, hated confucianism, died by accidental poisoning	54
2227379236	Siddharta Gautama	The founder of the Buddist religion,he was known as Buddha or "the enlightened one".	55
2227379659	The Vedas	Hindu holy book	56
2227379827	Xiongnu	A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and dispersed them in 1st Century. (168)	57
2227380092	Ziggurats	Sumerian temples made of sun-dried brick	58
2379899735	Mauryan Empire	(321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.	59
2379913588	Buddhism	A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.	60
2379915503	Arabic numerals	Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West.	61
2379918602	Qin Empire	a dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty in the 3rd century and the king used legalist ideas to unite his coutry. They defeated invaders, doubled the size of china, murdered Confucius followers/burned books. They bult and improves canals and irrigation and extended the great walls	62
2379922824	Han Dynasty	(202 BCE-220 CE) This dynasty continued the centralization of the Qin Dynasty, but focused on Confucianism and education instead of Legalim.	63
2379923303	Persian Empire	(550-330 BCE) Rose under Cyrus. Conquested Egypt, spanned over Asia, Africa and Europe, and present middle day Middle-East. Collapsed due to internal problems, war and economic turmoil	64
2379924020	Great Royal Road	the longest road built by the Persian Empire; 1600 miles from the Persian Gulf to the Aegean Sea	65
2379924241	Polis	A city-state in ancient Greece	66
2379924555	Golden Age of Pericles	the period after the Persian Wars during which Greece enjoyed peace and prosperity under the leadership of Pericles. The Parthenon was made during this time, philosophy and the arts flourished during this age	67
2379925857	Delian League	(478-477 BC) A confederation that formed when Athens stepped in to provide new leadership against the Persians	68
2379926133	Hellenism	the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization	69
2379926551	Patricians	Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society	70
2379926552	Plebeians	All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome	71
2379927403	Twelve Tables of Rome	laws of Rome; concept of innocent until proven guilty originated here	72
2379927404	First Triumvirate	60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus	73
2379927405	Second Triumvirate	(43-33 BCE): Death of Roman Republic; Octavian, Lepidus, Marc Antony	74
2379927734	Pax Romana	200 year period of peace in Rome.	75
2379927735	Paganism	Any of the polytheistic religions of the Greco-Roman world, an umbrella term for ancient mediterranean religions other than Judaism and Christianity.	76
2379927736	Christianity	A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.	77
2379932877	The Edict of Milan	(313) The agreement shifted Christianity from being an illicit, persecuted sect to being a welcome—and soon dominant—religion of the Roman Empire.	78
2379933388	Classical Period	1750-1820	79
2379946934	Zoroastrianism	Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end	80
2379947998	The Silk Road	One of the first trade routes in the world,an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay.	81
2379950928	Confucianism	A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.	82
2379953437	Daoism	Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature.	83
2379954201	Legalism	A Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order	84
2379954659	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	85
2379955729	Judaism	A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people.	86
2379957075	Theravada Buddhism	"the way of the Elders" - Prevalent form of Buddhism in Cambodia, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Sri Lanka, and Thailand; focuses on the earliest texts and emphasizes monastic lifestyle.	87
2379957848	Mahayana Buddhism	Great Vehicle' branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment.	88
2379958835	Rock and Pillar Edicts	A series of edicts on rocks and pillars that reminded Mauryans to live righteous lives according to Buddhist principles	89
2379959496	Chandragupta Maurya	founder of the Mauryan Empire	90
2379960022	Ashoka Maurya	The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, he took the Mauryan Empire to its height. Famously converted to Buddhism after the deadly Kalinga Wars	91
2379960346	Chandra Gupta the Great	Qin Shi Huang	92
2380273781	Qin Shi Huang	First Emperor; only emperor of Qin Dynasty; legalist; abolished feudalism and established a bureaucracy; anti-religion; building of Great Wall and other public works	93
2380274431	Wu Ti	Han "Warrior Emperor" who greatly expanded the empire, (140-87 BCE); promoted peace; supported Confucianism; Conducted trade with the Parthian Empire in the Middle East. He also conducted the FIRST Civil service examinations in the world.	94
2380275687	Lydians	First people to come up with a coin system to conduct trade	95
2380277350	Phoenicians	A maritime civilization of the Mediterranean that developed extensive trade and communication networks as well as an early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E).	96
2380277351	Hebrews	Early group of people who lived in lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt. They developed the religion Judaism.	97
2380278548	Athens	A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.	98
2380278977	Sparta	An ancient Greek city famous for military prowess	99
2380280606	Pericles	Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.	100
2380280607	Homer	Wrote Iliad and Odyssey	101
2380280922	Macedonians	a group of people who lived in Macedonia and were grouped into tribes. They were referred to as barbarians by the Greeks.	102
2380281241	Hannibal	Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.	103
2380281803	Pompey	Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)	104
2380283678	Crassus	General who defeated Spartacus. Crucified 6,600 slaves on the Alpennine way. He later served in the First Triumvirate.	105
2380284470	Julius Caesar	100-44 BC. Roman general who ended Roman Republic. Conquered Gaul with his powerful army. Made himself Roman dictator in 46 BC. Assassinated by Brutus and others in 44 BC because he was too powerful.	106
2380284969	Octavius	Caesar's adopted son and appointed successor. Octavius, who had been traveling abroad, returns after Caesar's death; he then joins with Antony and sets off to fight Cassius and Brutus. Antony tries to control Octavius's movements, but Octavius follows his adopted father's example and emerges as the authoritative figure, paving the way for his eventual seizure of the reins of Roman government.	107
2380285175	Constantine	(274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire.	108
2380285176	Wang Mang	A Han court official who usurped the throne and ruled from 8 C.E. to 23 C.E.; noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates.	109
2380286441	Diocletian	(245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.	110
2380287408	The Huns	Fierce warriors from Central Asia- First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms	111
2380287409	The Gupta Empire	the Gupta Empire (320-550 CE) was founded by Chandra Gupta, and later solidified by Samudragupta (ca 335-75). The Empire reached its apex under Chandragupta II. the Gupta empire developed the concept of zero and Arabic numerals. They also held a strong interest in Aryan literature, like the kind written in Sanskrit by Kalidasa. He was know as India's greatest poet, and like Shakespeare later, he dabbled in poetry and drama. The Gupta Empire promoted Hinduism to the detriment of Buddhism. The empire was brought to an end by the Hun invasions during the later half of the fifth century.	112
2380288191	The Great Wall of China	Built by Shi Huangdi; a wall to defend China. Proved that China could effectively use their resources.	113
2380288803	Peloponnesian War	(431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.	114
2380289171	The Persian Wars	A series of wars where the Greek city-states united against Persia, and managed to maintain control of the Aegean Sea and push the Persian Empire back	115
2380289172	Punic Wars	A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.	116
2380289438	Constantinople	A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul	117
2380293210	Aristocracy	A class of persons holding special rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility	118
2380293211	Beaurocracy	administrative orginization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures	119
2380293212	Caliphate	Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire.	120
2380293552	Chivalry	Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages	121
2380293553	City-state	A city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside	122
2380293554	Civil Service	A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service.	123
2380293558	Credit	An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future.	124
2380293904	Cultural Diffusion	The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.	125
2380293905	Decentralized	To distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a central authority) among several local authorities	126
2380293906	Dowry	Custom in which the family of a woman transfers property or wealth to her and/or her husband's family upon her marriage	127
2380294139	Eastern Orthodox	The Christian religion of the Byzantine Empire in the middle east that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire. The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities.	128
2380294140	Fiefs	Pieces of land given to vassals by their lord	129
2380294141	Garrisons	A place where a group of soldiers is stationed for defensive purposes	130
2380294142	Gothic	A style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries	131
2380295604	Hajj	A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims	132
2380295605	Heresy	Any belief that is strongly opposed to established beliefs	133
2380295606	Heretic	a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church	134
2380296832	Hijab	a headscarf worn by Muslim women	135
2380296833	Illegitimate	born of parents who are not married to each other	136
2380298474	Infrastructure	Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools	137
2380298475	Interaction	Effect; influence	138
2380298683	Inquisition	A severe interrogation; a systematic questioning	139
2380299021	Interrogation	formal systematic questioning	140
2380308412	Islam	A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.	141
2380308413	Literate	Able to read and write	142
2380308776	Matriarch	A society ruled or controlled by women	143
2380308777	Matrilineal	relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother	144
2380309014	Medieval	Another name for the Middle Ages.	145
2380309015	Meritocracy	A system in which the talented are chosen and moved ahead on the basis of their achievement	146
2380309016	Middle Ages	500-1500 A.D. aka dark ages, medieval period	147
2380309225	Migration	Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.	148
2380309226	Monetary System	anything that is generally accepted as a standard of value and a measure of wealth in a particular country or region	149
2380309496	Mosque	A Muslim place of worship	150
2380309497	Muslim	A follower of Islam	151
2380309498	Nation-state	A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.	152
2380309710	Orthodox	Adhering to the traditional and established, especially in religion	153
2380309711	Patriarch	A principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity	154
2380309712	Patriarchal	Dominated by men	155
2380310233	Persecution	Cruel treatment On The Basis Of Religion, Race, Ethnic Group, Nationality, Political Views, Gender, Or Class.	156
2380310234	Pilgrims	A person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.	157
2380310235	Pilgrimage	A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.	158
2380310621	Primogeniture	An English law in colonial times that said only the eldest son of the parents could inherit a landed estate. This left the wealthy but landless younger sons to seek their fortune elsewhere.	159
2380310622	Roman Catholic	A branch of Christianity based in Rome. The original Christian church.	160
2380310623	Schism	Division	161
2380310624	Secluded	Isolated	162
2380311002	Serfs	A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times	163
2380311003	Submissive	Allowing others to make decisions for you.	164
2380311004	Subordinate	Inferior; lower in rank or status	165
2380311231	Theocracy	A government controlled by religious leaders	166
2380311232	Trans-Continental	spanning or crossing a continent	167
2380311444	Tribute Systems	defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods; forced payment, usually made in the form of valuable goods	168
2380311445	Baghdad	Capital city of Iraq. As heart of the Arab Empire, it was second only to Constantinople in terms of size and grandeur in 1000 C.E.	169
2380323735	Black Death	A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351	170
2380323736	Bubonic Plague	Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people	171
2380324114	Chang'an	Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time.	172
2380324115	Crusades	1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade	173
2380324537	Empress Wu	Empress of China during the Tang dynasty, she ruled ruthlessly and brought prosperity to China	174
2380324546	Foot-binding	practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household	175
2380325113	Franks	Germanic people who lived and held power in Gaul. Their leader was Clovis and he would later bring Christianity to the region. By 511 the Franks had united into one kingdom and they controlled the largest and strongest parts of Europe.	176
2380325309	Genghis Khan	A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia.	177
2380325310	Hanseatic League	An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.	178
2380325772	Hundred Years War	Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413)	179
2380325773	Code of Justinian	compilation of the complex system of Roman laws; became the system of laws for the Byzantine Empire	180
2380326133	Magna Carta	(1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of Englad was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom	181
2380326134	Mansa Musa	Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.	182
2380326411	Neo-Confucianism	A philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism	183
2380326958	Sacking of Constantinople	During the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204), in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Eastern Orthodox city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. This is seen as one of the final acts in the Great Schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church.	184
2380328486	St. Cyril	a missionary sent by the Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans... converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity...responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic	185
2380328487	Christian Schism	Division between E. & W. Christianity. Due to Popes belief that he has supreme authority over all sects of Christianity	186
2380328488	Islamic Schism	a split in the religion between the Sunnis and Shiites	187
2380329022	Shintoism	Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.	188
2380329023	Silk Road	An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay.	189
2380329024	Timbuktu	Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning	190
2380329307	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.	191
2380329308	William the Conqueror	duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England	192

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AP World History 3B Flashcards

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5416629440	Tang Taizong	Second emperor of Tang dynasty (627-649). Murdered two brothers, thrust father aside to take throne. A Strong ruler- his personal name was Li Shimin; great general, war hero; expands China's borders; encourages trade; allows buddhism to spread; let christians and muslims practice.	0
5416629449	Uighurs	one of the invaders from the north-east, their invasion/betrayal weakened the Tang dynasty and added to their downfall	1
5416630348	Zhu Xi	(1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action	2
5416630349	Sui	a dynasty that ruled in China ad 581-618 and reunified the country.	3
5416630350	Tang	a dynasty ruling China 618-c. 906, a period noted for territorial conquest and great wealth and regarded as the golden age of Chinese poetry and art.	4
5416631007	Song	the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy	5
5416631008	Bushido	"the way of the warrior"; Japanese word for the Samurai life ; Samurai moral code was based on loyalty, chivalry, martial arts, and honor until the death	6
5416632143	Grand Canal	The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.	7
5416632144	Civil service exams	Government jobs were given to people who scored the highest, not based on social status. Can give the power to move up in social class	8
5416632917	Gun powder	created in China and spread by the Mongols	9
5416632918	"flying cash"	There was so much trade going on in Tang and Song China that they ran out of coins. Block stamps made it possible	10
5416634834	Neo-Confucianism	term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the Tang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism	11
5416638121	The Tale of Genji	Written by Lady Murasaki, first novel in any language, relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor, evidence for the mannered style of Japanese society	12
5416639795	Kamakura & Muromachi	"Japans medieval age"	13
5416641029	Samurai	Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.	14
5416642355	South pointing needle	Compass, Chinese invention	15
5416643121	"Middle Kingdom"	A reference to China, reflecting the traditional Chinese view of China as the center of the known universe.	16
5416643122	Daimyo	A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai; warlord but not as powerful as a shogun.	17
5416644184	Equal-field system	The Tang plan to avoid the concentration of land in the hands of the wealthy	18
5416644996	fast-ripening rice	The most important new crop introduced into China during the Tang and Song periods was	19
5416644997	Block-printing	Made it possible for popular works to be widely available by the late ninth century	20
5416645591	Foot binding	Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.	21
5416645592	Nam Viet	A Vietnamese Kingdom Conquered by the Chinese.	22
5416645606	Shogun	In feudal Japan, a noble similar to a duke. They were the military commanders and the actual rulers of Japan for many centuries while the Emperor was a powerless spiritual figure.	23
5416647184	Seppuku	form of ceremonial suicide of defeated or disloyal samurai to avoid dishonor	24
5416649445	Temujin	Genghis Khan's real name	25
5416649446	Genghis Khan	A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia.	26
5416650370	Marco Polo	Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.	27
5416651323	Khubilai Khan	Reigned in China after establishing the Yuan Dynasty; he actively promoted Buddhism; descendant of Chinggis Khan.	28
5416651324	Tamerlane	A "second Genghis Khan" who united Mongols and led them in a series of conquests. His enemies called him "Prince of Destruction"; he subdued Asia, Persia, Mesopotamia and India. Samarkland.	29
5416653032	Mehmed II (the conqueror)	Sultan of Ottoman empire. renamed constantinople to istanbul	30
5418760375	Khan	A Mongol ruler	31
5418762491	Battle of Manzikert	Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory.	32
5418763349	ilkhanate	Mongol state that ruled Persia after abolition of the Abbasid empire in the thirteenth century	33
5418763350	Changatai	The Chagatai Khanate was a Mongol, and later linguistically Turkicized, khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors. Initially it was considered a part of the Mongol Empire, but it later became fully independent	34
5418764563	Golden Horde	Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde.	35
5418764564	Great Khan	The main successor of Genghis Khan, direct ruler of all Mongol lands in east Asia and overlord of all other Mongol realms (most prosperous khan)	36
5418765521	Ilkhanate of Persia	Mongols in Persia, Khubilai Khan's brother, topple Abbasid. Persians still administered	37
5418766573	Yuan Dynasty	1271-1368 CE. Established when the Mongols conquered the Chinese Song Dynasty. Mongol reign short-lived, ending when the Mongols were driven from China in the 1300s.	38
5418766574	Kamikaze	Divine wind	39
5418766959	Bubonic Plague	Called Black Death, disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas.	40

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AP World History Final Flashcards

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5729491030	When did Homo Sapiens Sapiens emerge?	120,000 years ago, in Africa	0
5729491031	What is the Neolithic Revolution?	The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E	1
5729491032	Approximate date of the Neolithic Revolution	8500-3500 B.C	2
5729491033	Sumer	People who migrated into Mesopotamia, 4000 B.C.E. Created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states.	3
5729491034	Sargon I of Akkad	Akkadian king, who came to be the first identifiable figure in world history, in terms of surviving records. He unified the empire and added to Sumerian art the theme of royal victory. Also had a 5400 men army, the biggest army that had ever existed in that time period.	4
5729491035	First documented kingdom of Ancient China	Shang dynasty, invented ideographic symbols	5
5729491036	Mandate of Heaven	Divine support for their rulers	6
5729491037	What constitutes a civilization?	1) reliance of secondary agriculture 2) ability to produce food surpluses 3) existence of confirming elites 4) merchant and manufacturing groups	7
5729491038	Zhou Dyansty	Vassal family in Shang empire who eventually overthrew Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty that flourished from 1122 to 256 BCE. Perhaps had Turkic origin.	8
5729491039	Shi Huangdi	Founder of brief Qin dynasty in 221 BCE	9
5729491040	Han Dynasty	Chinese dynasty that succeede Qin in 202 BCE, ruled for 400 years	10
5729491041	Laozi	Daoism believer who-Stressed that nature contains inherent principles that without recognition would lead to strife and unhappiness.	11
5729491042	What was the background to the development of Confucious' philosophy?	His station and the warring period he grew up in.	12
5729491043	What was the key virtue for both Legalism and Confucianism??	An auhoritative state where people knew their place.	13
5729491044	Vedas	Oral epics developed by Aryans	14
5729491045	Untouchables	Low social caste in Hindu culture; performed tasks that were considered polluting- street sweeping and tanning.	15
5729491046	Chandisragupta Maurya	Founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization.	16
5729491047	Guptas	Dynasty that succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century; built empire that extended to all but southern regions of Indian sub-continent, less centralized than Mauryan civilization.	17
5729491048	Ashoka	Converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire, Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya.	18
5729491049	In Hinduism, what is one's reincarnation determined by?	Depends on how good a life the person has led.	19
5729491050	Nirvana	The Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility.	20
5729491051	The rise of the Mauryan Dynasty was an indirect result of what other event?	Alexander the Great establishing a border state of Bactria.	21
5729491052	Who defeated the Persian Empire in 331 BCE?	Alexander the Great.	22
5729491053	The Peloponnesian Wars	Wars from 431-404 BCE, between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulting in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unity of Greece.	23
5729491054	Julius Ceasar	Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaul, brought army back to Rome and overthrew the republic, assassinated by conservative senators.	24
5729491055	Cyrus the Great	Established massive Persian empire by 550 BCE; successor to Mesopotamian empires.	25
5729491056	How was Alexanders rule like that of the Qin empire?	Short lived but highly influential. Tip: If a question is ever comparing Alexander to another leader; 99% of the time the answer is this answer.	26
5729491057	What was the Roman Government from the time of Augustus onward?	Emperors and empresses.	27
5729491058	Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato all approached knowledge using what?	The human ability to think.(duh)	28
5729491059	What did the Byzantine Empire develop from?	The Hellenistic era and imperial Rome.	29
5729491060	The Pope	Bishop of Rome; head of the Christian church in western Europe.	30
5729491061	Bedouins	Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam	31
5729491062	The Five Pillars	The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims: confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj	32
5729491063	Sunnis	Political and theological division within Islam, supported the Umayyads.	33
5729491064	Shi'a	Also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali. This division is still a big part of Islam...	34
5729491065	Umma	Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity. The Five Pillars contributed greatly into forming the umma btw.	35
5729491066	What did the Muslims preserve from the sixth to the eleventh centuries?	preservers of classical learning (I couldn't find the answer in the book so I looked it up and this is what pulled up, makes sense though)	36
5729491067	Seljuk Turks	Nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in the name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century.	37
5729491068	Omar Khayyam	Writer of a Arabic script called Rubaiyat. The literature in this period was more about nature and mystical settings, rather than stories about women for example.	38
5729491069	Sufism	was a reaction against the impersonal and abstract divinity that many ulama scholars argued was the true god of the Qur'an. Sufis tried to see beyond what they believed to be the illusory existence of everyday life and to delight in the presence of Allah in the world.	39
5729491070	Abbasid work in the sciences continued the work of who?	ancient Greeks	40
5729491071	What hindered the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia?	Buddhism and Hinduism	41
5729491072	How did Islam spread to sub-Saharan Africa?	First, when the Berber peoples of the Sahara had raided the costal cities. As we have seen with Egypt, north Africa was linked across the Sahara to the rest of Africa in many ways. Between 640 and 700 C.E., the followers of Muhammad swept across north Africa from Suez to Morocco's Atlantic shore. By 670 C.E., Muslims ruled Tunisia, or Ifriqiya(arabic term for eastern north Africa oh and btw Maghrib is the arabic term for western north Africa.... whatever) By 711, Arab and Berber armies had crossed into Spain. Only their defeat in France by Charles Martel at Poitiers in 732 brought the Muslim advance in the West to a halt. The message of Islam found fertile ground among the populations of north Africa. Conversion took place rapidly within a certain political unity provided by the Abbasid dynasty. The end.	42
5729491073	Justinian	527-565 Reign of Justinian. Emperor of Byzantine Empire. Tried to reconquer western territory in a last futile effort to restore an empire like Rome. He was somber, power-hungry, a moron, never truthful to anyone, heavily influenced by his power-hungry wife Theodora. Something good he did was rebuilding Constantinople, ravaged by earlier riots against high taxes, and systematizing the Roman legal code. He also built the Hagia Sophia(new church constructed in Constantinople during the reign of Justinian). When he systemized the Roman legal code, it not only eliminated confusion, but it also helped organize and unite the empire.	43
5729491074	What year did the schism in the Christian Church occur?	1054( long story short, 2 churches didn't agree on things, and later became the Eastern and Western churches)	44
5729491075	Who converted the Russians to Orthodox Christianity?	The Byzantine Empire, in Constantinople, the Russians saw the church Hagia Sophia and were impressed.	45
5729491076	Tartars	The good ole' Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact.	46
5729491077	Why did the Byzantine Empire thrive?	Because of the beautiful city of Constantinople; it was the center of trade and had remarkable churches and architecture and also many people traveled to this city, people from every race	47
5729491078	Holy Roman Emperors	Emperors in northern Italy and Germany following split of Charlemagne's empire; claimed title of emperor c. 10th century; failed to develop centralized monarchy in Germany	48
5729491079	Which pope launched the Crusades?	Urban II; Called for First Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims	49
5729491080	When did the Black Death hit Europe?	14 century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure	50
5729491081	Manorialism	System that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor or rents for access to land	51
5729491082	How was the Carolington Empire like that of Alexander's?	shortlived but influential (if a question is asking about how Alexander's empire and another empire are similar, it is 99% this answer lol)	52
5729491083	Tenochtitlan	Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica.	53
5729491084	What element is missing from Inca civilization?	They had no system of writing, however they had quipo(system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records.	54
5729491085	Sinification	anything to do with Chinese culture	55
5729491086	How are Empress Wu and Ashoka similar?	They both supported Buddhism and they both tried to convert the entire empire to Buddhism	56
5729491087	What did Lady Murasaki write?	The Tale of Genji; first novel in any language; talks about life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor	57
5729491088	The Gempei Wars	Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira	58
5729491089	Shoguns	Military leaders of the bakufu (military governments in Japan)	59
5729491090	Who replaced the Kamakura bakufu?	shoguns	60
5729491091	The Golden Horde	One of the four subdivisions of the Mongol empire after Chinggis Khan's death, originally ruled by his grandson Batu; territory covered much of what is today south central Russia	61
5729491092	Kublai Khan	Grandson of Chinggis Khan, commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established Sinicized Mongol Yuan(meaning Region) in China in 1271.	62
5729491093	Yuan Dynasty	The dynasty that Kublai Khan ruled; Yuan translates to Region. 1271-1368 c.e.	63
5729491094	Who founded the Ming Dynasty?	Zhu Yuanzhang; Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China	64
5729491095	Ottoman Empire	A dynasty established beginning in the 13th century by Turkic peoples from Central Asia. Though most of their empire's early territory was in Asia Minor, the Ottomans eventually captured Constantinople(what a shame) and made it the capital of an empire that spanned 3 continents and lasted over 600 years	65
5729491096	How much of the European population died from Black Death?	1/3 of the population(wow)	66
5729491097	Renaissance	Cultural and political movement in western Europe;began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages	67
5729491098	Petrarch	Francesco Petrarch; one of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance; an Italian author and humanist	68
5729491099	What two kingdoms merged through marriage became Spain?	Castile and Aragon	69

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AP World History Chapter 11- Vocabulary Terms Flashcards

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas
600-1500 C.E.

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962790329	Teotihuacan	A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100 B.C.E.-750 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600	0
962790330	Chinampas	Raised ﬁelds constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.	1
962790331	Maya	Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never uniﬁed into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar	2
962790332	Toltecs	Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It inﬂuenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization	3
962790333	Aztecs	Also known as Mexica, the Aztecs created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax	4
962790334	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins	5
962790335	Tribute System	A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies	6
962790336	Anasazi	Important culture of what is now the Southwest United States (1000-1300 C.E.). Centered on Chaco Canyon in New Mexico and Mesa Verde in Colorado, the Anasazi culture built multistory residences and worshipped in subterranean buildings called kivas	7
962790337	Chiefdom	Form of political organization with rule by a hereditary leader who held power over a collection of villages and towns. Less powerful than kingdoms and empires, chiefdoms were based on gift giving and commercial links	8
962790338	Khipu	System of knotted colored cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit information	9
962790339	Ayllu	Andean lineage group or kin-based community	10
962790340	Mit'a	Andean labor system based on shared obligations to kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations	11
962790341	Moche	Civilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples	12
962790342	Tiwanaku	Name of capital city and empire centered on the region near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (375-1000 C.E.)	13
962790343	Wari	Andean civilization culturally linked to Tiwanaku, perhaps beginning as a colony of Tiwanaku	14
962790344	Inca	Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Paciﬁc coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco	15

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AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

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2831005083	autonomy, autonomous	the right or power given to govern oneself; self-determination	0
2831005084	capitalism	an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production, open competition, and desire for profit	1
2831005085	civilization	complex society with a permanent location, urban areas, specialization of labor, social classes, and advanced technology	2
2831005086	colony	a foreign territory ruled by a "parent" state	3
2831005087	cosmopolitan	consisting of a group of people or cultures from around the world; a diverse, multi-cultural or multi-ethic community	4
2831005088	democracy	a government where the citizens exercise political power through voting	5
2831005089	demographics	the statistical character of human populations	6
2831005090	diaspora	the breaking up and scattering of people; forced migration	7
2831005091	diffusion	the spread of cultural traditions from one area or group of people, to another	8
2831005092	empire	a group of territories or people ruled by a single sovereign authority;	9
2831005093	franchise	The right to vote; any right or freedom granted by the government	10
2831005094	gender	the behavioral and cultural traits typically associated with one sex; male or female	11
2831005095	globalization	the process of developing economic, cultural and political integration across national borders	12
2831005096	hegemony	dominant influence or authority over others	13
2831005097	hierarchy	The classification or ranking of people based on economic, social or professional standing system of social classes	14
2831005098	ideology	set of beliefs, especially relating to human life, culture, or government	15
2831005099	interregional	between two or more world regions; interregional trade linking Europe and Africa	16
2831005100	matriarchy	a society ruled by women; a community in which women are considered the head of the family and where lineage and inheritance are traced from one another	17
2831005101	millennium (plural: millennia)	a period of 1,000 years	18
2831005102	monarchy	a government ruled by a single person, typically chosen from a royal family or dynasty	19
2831005103	oligarchy	a government ruled by a small group of elites	20
2831005104	patriarchy	a society ruled by men; social organization marked by the the supremacy of the father, legal dependance of wives and children, and inheritance though the male line	21
2831005105	revolution	a dramatic change in ways and behaving; the overthrow of a ruler of political system	22
2831005106	rural	relating the the country side	23
2831005107	socialism	an economic system based on public ownership of the means of production, sharing of resources, and the desire to create economic equality	24
2831008412	sovereignty, sovereign	supreme authority within territorial boundaries	25
2831014356	spatial, spatially	relating to or occupying space	26
2831015903	specialization	process of becoming trained or designed for one particular purpose or occupation	27
2831018783	state	an area with its fully independent government	28
2831027529	suffrage	the legal right to vote	29
2831027530	syncretism	The blending of two or more religious or cultural traditions	30
2831028137	temporal, temporally	relating to the sequence of time	31
2831032521	urban	relating to city	32

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AP World History Chapter 40 Flashcards

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6192532409	Mikhail Gorbachev	U.S.S.R. premier after 1985; renewed attacks on Stalinism; urged reduction in nuclear armament; proclaimed policies of glasnost and perestroika.	0
6192532410	glasnost	Policy of openness or political liberation in Soviet union put forward by Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s.	1
6252931994	perestroika	Policy of Mikhail Gorbachev calling for economic restructuring in the u.S.S.r. in the late 1980s; more leeway for private ownership and decentralized control in industry and agriculture.	2
6252931995	Berlin Wall	Was a barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic, starting on August 13, 1961, the Wall cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989.	3
6252933997	German reunification	Was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city.	4
6252937281	Boris Yeltsin	Russian leader who stood up to coup attempt in 1991 that would have displaced Gorbachev; president of the russian republic following dissolution of Soviet union.	5
6252942060	Commonwealth of Independent States	Is a regional organization formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Nine out of the 15 former Soviet Republics are member states.	6
6252942061	Chechnya	Is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia. Located in the North Caucasus and the capital of the republic is the city of Grozny.	7
6252947867	Vladimir Putin	Is a Russian politician who is the current President of the Russian Federation, holding the office since 7 May 2012.	8
6252947868	Second US-Iraq War	A protracted military conflict in Iraq that began in 2003 with an attack by a coalition of forces led by the United States and that resulted in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime. US combat troops were withdrawn in 2010. Finally, all the rules of English Grammar in one place.	9
6252951810	Hugo Chavez	Was a Venezuelan politician who served as the 64th President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013.	10
6252953901	Yugoslavia	Was a country in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. (itself formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.)	11
6252953902	Bosnia	Is a country on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Home of the Ottoman-era Latin Bridge is the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which ignited World War I.	12
6252959212	Kosovo	Is a disputed territory and partially recognized state in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo is landlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula.	13
6252959213	Saddam Hussein	Was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power in Iraq.	14
6252963151	First US-Iraq War	1991 war led by United States and various European and Middle eastern allies, against Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. The war led to Iraqi withdrawal and a long confrontation with Iraq about armaments and political regime.	15
6252963152	Rwanda	Is a sovereign state in central and east Africa and one of the smallest countries on the African mainland. The population is young and predominantly rural, with a density among the highest in Africa. (Hutu and Tutsi are the inhabitants.)	16
6252963153	Hutu	Are a Bantu ethnic group native to African Great Lakes region of Africa. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi, and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they form one of the principal population divisions alongside the Tutsi.	17
6252964948	Tutsi	Are a population inhabiting the African Great Lakes region. The Tutsi are the second largest population division among the three largest groups in Rwanda and Burundi; another one being the Hutu.	18
6252964949	"boy soldiers"	Soldiers that are boys.	19
6252967887	European Union	Is a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of 4,475,757 km², and an estimated population of over 510 million.	20
6252967888	euro	The official currency of the European Union.	21
6252967889	Somalia	Is a country located in the Horn of Africa and has an estimated population of around 12.3 million. Most people in the country are Muslim, with the majority being Sunni.	22
6252970294	September 11, 2001	Were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States in the morning.	23
6252970295	"War on Terror"	Is a metaphor of war referring to the international military campaign that started after the September 11th attacks on the United States.	24
6252977235	Al Qaeda		25

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AP World History Flashcards

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5878362375	All of the following commonly characterize the development of civilization EXCEPT: 1. Public building projects 2. A written language 3. Long distance trade 4. Increasing equality among all citizens.	Increasing equality among all citizens.	0
5878364041	Women were important contributors to the agricultural revolution because they were more likely the gender that A. Owned property B. Wanted more leisure time C. Gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew D. Liked Farming	Gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew	1
5878364439	Which of the Following best describes the basis of the rulers in Zhou China? 1. The Ruler was chosen and favored by heaven, and held power as he was a wise and principled guardian of his people. 2. The Ruler was believed to be a god himself so his authority could not be questioned 3. The ruler depended heavily on his staff, so real authority lay in the hands of the bureaucrats. 4. The ruler was a military leader who held power as long as he was victorious on the battlefield.	The ruler was chosen and favored by heaven, and held power as he was a wise and principled guardian of his people.	2
5878368800	Which of the Following best describes the basis of the rulers in Zhou China? 1. The Ruler was chosen and favored by heaven, and held power as he was a wise and principled guardian of his people. 2. The Ruler was believed to be a god himself so his authority could not be questioned 3. The ruler depended heavily on his staff, so real authority lay in the hands of the bureaucrats. 4. The ruler was a military leader who held power as long as he was victorious on the battlefield.	The ruler was chosen and favored by heaven, and held power as he was a wise and principled guardian of his people.	3
5878369896	Which of the following is the best explanation for why the concept of civilization is controversial as an organizing principle of world history? 1. The concept is too broad to have any meaning 2. The use of the concept assumes that settled people are superior to nomads 3. The Concept implies that eastern civilizations are more superior then those in the west. 4. The Concept assumes that nomadic peoples are civilized	The use of the concept assumes that settled people are superior to nomads	4
5878371480	All of the Following were changes to human societies brought about by the Neolithic revolution EXCEPT: 1. Reliable Food Supplies Increased 2. The total human population increased 3. Job Specialization Occurred 4. Women and Men Grew to a more equal Status 5. The distinction between nomads and settled people became more important	Women and men grew to a more equal status	5
5878371726	Which of the following most accurately compares the government structures of early mesopotamia and egypt? 1. The government of both civilizations were highly decentralized 2. Overall, Mesopotamian government was characterized by strong city-states, and egypt was ruled by divine kingship 3. Both Civilizations power was considered to be in the hands of a king that was believed to be a god	Overall, mesopotamian government was characterized by strong city-states, and egypt was ruled by divine kingship	6
5878372179	All following ancient civilizations were centered around a river valley EXCEPT: 1. Chavin 2. Egypt 3. Mesopotamia 4. China 5. Indus Valley	Chavin	7
5878372470	Confucianism encourages its followers to 1. Learn from foreigners 2. Seek principles of science 3. Believe their rulers were not in anyway divine 4. Follow ethical rules to promote harmony and order	Follow ethical rules to promote harmony and order	8
5878372968	All of the following events happened around the same time but 1. The Hittite Empire collapsed 2. Major trade centers in western asia were destroyed 3. Egypt was signifigantly weakened by a series of outside attacks. 4. The Zhou Dynasty fell, and the Warring States period began	The Zhou Dynasty fell, and the Warring States period began	9
5878373161	What is the most valuable commodity added to establish trading systems by the trans-saharan trade? 1. Copper 2. Pottery 3. Salt 4. Spices	Salt	10
5878373279	The people who transported goods across the sahara and dominated trade across the desert for centuries were the 1. Berbers 2. Bedouins 3. Malays 4. Ghanans 5. Bantu	Berbers	11
5878373425	Shifting cultivation was generally practiced 1. Around fertile river valleys 2. In rain forests 3. In mountainous areas 4. Along dry costal areas	In rain forests	12
5878374002	Which of the Following most helps to explain why the collapse of political institutions was more devastating to the Roman civilization then Han China or Gupta India? 1. Political institutions in Rome were weaker to begin with. 2. The barbarian attacks destroyed more physical properties and vital public works 3. Roman emperors had more power then did Han or Gupta emperors so their downfall eviscerated the Roman Empire 4. Han China and Gupta India had strong religious/philosophical traditions to provide continuity.	Han china and gupta india had strong religious/philosophical traditions to provide continuity.	13
5878374379	Which of the following characteristics contributed most directly to a tendency towards political disunity? 1. Weak religious traditions 2. Lack of foreign trade 3. Weak social structure 4. Diverse geographical features	Diverse geographical features	14
5878376005	Why did the majority of the chinese population during the Han dynasty live in eastern china? 1. They wanted access to sea trade and its accompanying wealth 2. The best farmland was concentrated along the rivers in eastern china. 3. They were more isolated from invasion from nomad people here	The best farmland was concentrated along the rivers in eastern china.	15
5878376400	The Importance of written language in Chinese culture was communication with ancestors, also known as	divination	16
5878376620	All of the following are accurate comparisons of Athens and Sparta EXCEPT: 1. Spartan women did not have as many freedoms as Athenian women. 2. The Athenians emphasized the importance of poetry, art, and philosophy; the spartans did not. 3. Both Sparta and Athens dominated the countryside around them and were two of the largest city states.	Silk road did not directly effect turkish nomads.	17
5878376880	Early Christianity worked more in converting others to the religion then early Judism. 1. True 2. False	true	18

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AP World History Unit 8 Study Topics Flashcards

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4214771023	Partition of India and Pakistan	-Muhammad Ali Jinnah dreamed to have his own country for Muslims called Pakistan -Nehru and Jinnah drew battle lines and the Hindus and Muslims were constantly fighting -Britain tried to keep India unified but failed -Pakistan is home for Muslims -India hone for Hindus	0
4214782637	African National Congress	-Organization dedicated to equal voting and civil rights for blacks living in South America -Founded in 1912 and changed name in 1923 -Leaders were banned and jailed but helped bring majority rule to South Africa	1
4214922369	Jawaharlal Nehru	-Gandhi's successor of the Indian National Congress -Negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India -India's first prime minister from 1947-1964 -Wanted to industrialize India	2
4214945381	All-India Muslim League	-Founded by Muslims who were fearful of Hindu dominance elsewhere in India in 1906 -Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah -Attempted to negotiate with the Indian National Congress -In 1940, league demanded to separate from India and form their own state called Pakistan	3
4214960995	Mohandas Gandhi, his political ideas and protest methods	-Called "Mahatma" by his followers, which means the "great soul" -Well educated lawyer who went to school in England -Became a leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920 -Appealed to the poor and called them harijan, meaning "children of God" -Used ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (the search for the truth) to stop British colonial rule and violence -Wore simple clothing -Arrested numerous times -Assassinated while trying to stop Hindu-Muslim rioting	4
4214996760	Third World Nations	-Developing countries who declared they were nonaligned during the Cold War	5
4215043767	Impact of Cold War on decolonization	-The decolonization of Africa and Asia made the size of the general assembly swell -Made the general assembly the location for debates over decolonization and development	6
4215117510	U.S. intervention in Guatemala	-United Fruit Company was the Guatemala's largest landowner -In order to keep prices of bananas expensive, United Fruit kept most of their lands fallow -Arbenz wanted to give the fallow lands back to the poor -Arbenz wanted to reduce U.S. influence and the U.S. got rid of Arbenz -Caused the Guatemalan government to have instability	7
4215205266	Shortcomings of UN	-Unable to solve numerous problems during the Cold War -Security Council could veto everything	8
4215228645	Leaders of African Independence movements	-Nelson Mandela -Ellen Johnson was the first woman elected in Africa -Kwame Nkrumah became the prime minister in Ghana which was the first British colony to achieve independence -Jomo Kenyatta was dedicated to African freedom	9
4215234821	Green Revolution	-Environmental concerns in the 1940's and late 1960's for an increase in agriculture	10
4215250963	Independent British Colonies in Africa	-Full independence came in 1957 -Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya gained independence	11
4215298420	Viet Cong	-Located in South Vietnam and supported the Northern Vietnam communism movement	12
4215326696	1947 India/Pakistan war	-Hindu ruler of Kashmir decides to join India (mostly Hindus) -Did not consult a single citizen of Kashmir (mostly Muslim)	13
4215339736	Helsinki Accord	-Political and human rights agreement -Signed in Helsinki, Finland by the Soviet Union and other Western Countries	14
4215348910	Great Society	-Domestic programs incorporated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to eliminate racial poverty and injustice	15
4215399692	Population growth in China and India	-Both China and India encouraged family planning -Overwhelming birthrates -China and a one child policy and increased female infanticide -India forced sterilization	16
4215419375	"Brazilian Solution"	-Combination of dictatorship, violent repression, and government promotion of industrialization	17
4215431454	Thomas Malthus	-Eighteenth century English intellectual -Argued there was not enough food to keep up with the growing population	18
4215440640	"Dirty War"	-After Juan Perón died, wife took over -Military seized her power and suspended the constitution -Seven year war against terrorism fought called the Dirty War	19
4215453701	Ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia	-Orthodox serbs vs. Muslims -Violence and genocide-like mass murders	20
4215484508	Neo-Liberalism	-Free market policies that include reducing tariff protection for local industries -Using public industries like air-lines and utilities -Use private investors -Basically the New Imperialism all over again	21
4215513822	Causes and outcomes of the dissolution of the USSR	-Coup against Gorbachev -Led war to in the Balkans and Yugoslavia after Russia became a republic -FMLN failed -Berlin Wall collapsed	22
4215526296	Keiretsu	-A conglomerate -Included major bank and firms industries, commerce and constitution tied together in an interlocking ownership structure -Dominated the Japanese economy	23
4215543629	Coup against Gorbachev	-Led by Boris Yeltsin (President of the Russian Republic) -Beginning to take place of the failing USSR -September of 1991 the Union was voted to dissolve -Gorbachev resigned with the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)	24
4215567525	Effect of Deng Xiaoping on China	-Allowed foreign investments for the first time since communists came into power -Became the world's sixth most important trading nation -Result was a dual industrial sector	25
4215597808	Unification of Germany	-The collapse of the Berlin Wall allowed for integration of Eastern and Western Germany	26
4215604497	Character of Communist states outside of the USSR	-Economic before political reforms -Use the Dual-Sector where the economy changes but the government stays the same	27
4215622263	The EU and the Euro	-After the collapse of the Soviet Union, European countries agree on a common currency -Competed with the U.S. dollar for investment and banking	28
4215634880	Motives for 9/11 attacks	-Usama bin Laden discontent with the U.S. policy and the placement of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia -Growth of world trade fell from 13% in 2000 and 1% in 2001	29
4215648506	Overthrow of the Taliban	-The U.S. invaded Iraq, Iran, and the Middle East as the War of Terror in 2008 ordered by President Obama	30
4215665131	Causes of the 2008 financial crisis	-Collapse of the housing market -Asian financial crisis in 1998 -Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy in September, the recession turned into a economic downturn -Effects spread worldwide -President Obama proposed a series of steps to get the U.S. out of the downfall and they included mass government spending, in order to jolt the economy back to health	31
4215684533	Vladimir Putin	-Elected into office and served two terms -Placed a protege into office and used him as a puppet -New law passed that you could run for president again and again -Vladimir Putin becomes the Prime Minister again -Tries to revive the Soviet Union	32
4215693886	Terrorism as a political tactic	-The attempt to scare the people to the point of feeling unsafe -Makes the people think that their government can no longer protect them -Weaker military demonstrates that terror is everywhere	33
4215700171	U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003	UGHHHH I HAVE GAVE UP IF YOU KNOW IT AND THE ONE BELOW HIT ME UP	34
4215703452	Hezbollah	-The capture of 23/128 seats in the Lebanese parliament by the Lebanese Shi'ite movement in 2005 -Majority of seats won by militantly anti-Israeli Hamas movement	35
4215738916	Link between Saddam Husain and bin Laden	I DON'T KNOW AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH	36
4215740536	"the surge" tactic in the 2003 Iraq War	-The payment of the Iraqis to become soldiers allowing the U.S. to back out of the war	37

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ap world history final Flashcards

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5790815762	What did the Mandate of Heaven mean in the Zhou Dynasty?	The ruler in China is allowed to keep their power if ruled fairly	0
5790815763	Know the difference between Han Wudi and Chandra Gupta.	They were not from the same region. Han Wudi - China Chandra Gupta - India	1
5790815764	What facilitated growth of the Silk Roads?	Some of the cities were founded by Alexander the Great.	2
5790815765	By the 5th century C.E., why were the Germanic tribes of central Europe exerting more pressure on the boundaries of the Roman Empire?	Invasion of Europe by the Huns	3
5790815766	Between 300 BCE and 300 CE, who participated in the Indian Ocean trading network?	Rome and China	4
5790815767	Why did the world population soar between 4000 BCE and 2000 BCE?	Agricultural practices	5
5790815768	What kinds of artifacts would be useful to help a historian who is researching the effects of Mesopotamian trade on local economies 2,000 years ago?	just know that they need specific containers	6
5790815769	Describe some of the differences between the Hebrew religion and the Vedic religion.	Hebrew - monotheistic Vedic - polytheistic	7
5790815770	Analyze this quote. "Like most empire builders Alexander took over an earlier and already weakened power. Although he moved large numbers of Greek settlers into Persia, he did very little to alter the administrative structure of the Persian Empire."	Just know it is letter D on the test lol	8
5790815771	Describe some of the effects after the conversion of Asoka.	Lead to the spread of Buddhist missionaries to South East Asia and beyond	9
5790815772	Describe some of the main teachings of Confucianism.	People were taught that they have a duty to one's parents and the state	10
5790815773	Describe the Code of Hammurabi.	It was a code of laws that tried to cut down on crime as much as possible.	11
5790815774	Describe the gender roles in Imperial societies in the classical period.	they were a patriarchal society	12
5790815775	Describe some of the roots of classical India.	Vedic literature	13
5790815776	Describe the characteristics of a typical Sumerian city.	geography played an important role in the selection site of a city so it could be near waterways	14
5790815777	What does the "Era of the Warring State" refer to?	the "era of chaos" in China before the Qin Dynasty	15
5790815778	When did the Han dynasty begin? Soon after what event?	The assassination of the Qin Emperor and then the Han take over	16
5790815779	What was an important reason for the early economic success of Rome?	their well made road system	17
5790815780	What are some of the causes of the early Bantu migrations through Africa around 1000 BCE?	environmental changes	18
5790815781	After 250 CE, Buddhism spread mainly to what region?	Asia	19
5790815782	Describe some of the similarities between the Han Dynasty, Persian Empire, and Gupta Empire.	all had large bureaucracies in politics	20
5790815783	What was one way in which Buddhism and Christianity were similar?	It was spread by missionaries	21
5790815784	Why is ancient Egypt known as the "gift of the Nile"?	regular flooding of the Nile deposits fertile soil	22
5790815785	Why did long-distance trade thrive in the classical empires?	government authorities tried to keep trade routes safe	23
5790815786	List some legacies of the Maurya and Gupta empires in India.	both had difficulty maintaining centralized rule	24
5790815787	What was happening in Mesoamerica around 200 CE?	completion of Teotihuacan and the rise of Mayan city-states	25
5790815788	What people group did the Persians gain many of their traditions from?	ancient Mesopotamians	26
5790815789	How were the Persian Empire, Gupta Empire, Han Dynasty, and Roman Empire all connected?	by the Silk Roads	27
5790815790	Describe the Hellenistic culture that Alexander the Great helped to produce.	blend of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures	28
5790815791	Describe the impact of the Neolithic Revolution	farming communities developed which lead to first cities	29
5790815792	In Confucianism, how could harmony be achieved?	by proper behavior from each family member	30
5790815793	Why was the qanat system developed?	spread of certain crops in South Asia and the Middle East that required greater amounts of water for many plant types	31
5790815794	Know what part of the world the Han Dynasty controlled	Around the Eastern portion of China.	32
5790815795	Why was China during the Han Dynasty and India during the Gupta Empire both considered "golden ages"?	the economic prosperity improved science and technology	33
5790815796	Know where the first agricultural regions of the world were located.	Fertile Crescent	34
5790815797	Describe the importance of the Justinian Code	organize laws in ways people could understand	35
5790815798	What European event had the most direct impact on the growth of civilizations such as Mali and Ghana?	establishment of the money based economy	36
5790815799	What is Ibn Battuta best known for?	traveled widely, knows a lot of Mecca and Medina	37
5790815800	Describe the commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 1000-1450?	flourished, merchants from Asia, Middle East, East Africa	38
5790815801	In the period between 1000-1450, name some occupations pursued by large numbers of African and European women.	midwife and healer	39
5790815802	How was Islam and Hinduism introduced to what is now called Indonesia?	through trade	40
5790815803	Though in different time periods, why did feudal states arise in both Europe and China?	fragmentation of central government	41
5790815804	Which religion is Angkor Watt associated with?	Hinduism	42
5790815805	What were some of the major differences between the Inca and Aztec empires?	Aztec developed a system of writing	43
5790815806	Describe the Mongol invasion of China.	Adopt elements of Chinese culture to spread to other parts of Asia	44
5790815807	What were some of the African goods traded on the trans-Saharan trade route?	salt and gold	45
5790815808	Before 1450 CE, list some characteristics of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy?	their export was gold	46
5790815809	List some ways in which Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Maya were similar	All developed extensive writing systems	47
5790815810	List some factors that represent the most significant causes of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1000-1450?	increased inter regional trade	48
5790815811	Why did the Swahili city-states prosper?	they were connected to the Indian Ocean trade system	49
5790815812	Why did sugarcane, bananas, and other crops spread outside of their homelands?	demand for luxury goods	50
5790815813	What classical civilizations were most famous for their extensive and centrally planned imperial road networks?	Roman Empire/Inca	51
5790815814	What contemporary society most closely mirrored feudal Japan?	Western Europe	52
5790815815	What was the key component in the infrastructure built during the Tang-Song Era?	construction of the grand canal	53
5790815816	What was the global impact of the Crusades?	Western Europeans were introduced to knowledge from the Islamic World	54
5790815817	The Byzantine Empire flourished due to a crossroads of trade from which regions?	Mediterranean, Middle East, and Asia	55
5790815818	Describe some of the technological advancements that can be traced back to the Islamic civilization at its height.	Latin sails, Arabic numerals, philosophical inquiry	56
5790815819	The Abbasid's in the Middle East were most closely matched by what culture?	Song & China	57
5790815820	What was the common in unifying feature of sub Saharan African societies in the post classical era	common Bantu & mystic groups	58
5790815821	Describe the process of how Islam spread to south Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa.	traders, peaceful, political power remained in the hands of the non Arab elites	59

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AP World History: Ch. 9 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam Flashcards

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4902216957	Stateless Society (Segmentary)	African societies organized around kinship. A group of villages, based on ethnic loyalties made up a district . Village chiefs resolved district issues.	0
4902496195	Chief	The head of the most prominent family who represented settlements as it dealt with neighboring settlements.	1
4902530408	Bantu	300-600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages. They inhabit a geographical area stretching east and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa.	2
4902511780	Kingdom of Kongo	Near modern day Angola, this emerged as the most highly centralized Bantu kingdom and a prosperous trading kingdom.	3
4902366091	Merchants	Brought Islam to sub-Saharan Africa over land along camel routes to west Africa and along sea lanes to east Africa.	4
4902366092	Ghana	Started as a regional state in the 5th century, it exploded as a trading town in the 8th century as Muslim traders came and its capital city of Koumbi Saleh trade and taxes on gold.	5
4902370171	Mali	Rule by the "lion prince," Sundiata, this kingdom included ancient Ghana, Niger, Senegal, others, and built a huge capital at Niana.	6
4902372480	Sundiata	The lion prince who reigned Mali from 1230 to 1255 through acts of legendary bravery, he used his dominant cavalry to secure his kingdom.	7
4902374844	Timbuktu	Along with Gao, and Jenne, a formidable market city in the Malian Empire.	8
4902376520	Mansa Musa	The nephew of Sundiata who ruled Mali, and is legendary for his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325 that spread wealth and ultimately Islam throughout his realm.	9
4902376521	Songhay Empire	A successor state to Mali whose power had begun to wane that dominated the middle reaches of the Niger Valley with a capital at Gao.	10
4902441217	Sunni Ali	Great Songhay leader with tactical military prowess who seized the traditional trading cities of Timbuktu and Jenne.	11
4902461800	Savanna States	Characterized by the fusion of Islamic and pagan populations, and sometimes men and women mixed freely in market places and women did not go veiled.	12
4902383482	New Swahili Culture	Created around the 10th century as as Islamic merchants began regular, sustained interaction with Indigenous Bantu people.	13
4902386377	Ibn Battuta	Medieval Moroccan Muslim traveler and scholar, who is widely recognized as one of the greatest travelers of all time.	14
4902386378	Kilwa	An impressive trade city along the east African coast.	15
4902389158	Zimbabwe	Central African kingdom which also was influenced by wealth from east Africa, which by the early 13th century had impressive stone complexes.	16
4902390891	Age Sets	In smaller states and kin-based societies along with sex and gender expectations this often determined social positions and helped organize societies in a unique African tradition.	17
4902392077	Slave Trading	A practice dating back to African antiquity that was usually the result of prisoners of war, debt, criminals or suspected witches.	18
4902393328	Zanj Revolt	A major uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate which took place from 869 until 883	19
4902729985	Traditional African Religion	Tended to be monotheistic and tended to be more practical than theological with its focus on morality and ethics.	20
4902396357	Divine Force	Recognized by most people as a male who was responsible for creating and sustaining life	21
4902396358	Diviners	Intelligent men and sometimes women who understood their communities and sought to resolve problems through consulting oracles or prescribing medicines.	22
4902398199	Alexandria	Early center of Christian learning in north Africa during the first century C.E.	23
4902400058	St. Augustine of Hippo	Augustine of Hippo, also known as Saint Augustine, was an early Christian theologian and philosopher whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western	24
4902401053	Rock Churches	Christianity spread in Ethiopia but often retained African influences such as this architecture suggests.	25
4902414068	Griot	West African historian, storyteller, praise singer, poet and/or musician. The griot is a repository of oral tradition and is often seen as a societal leader	26
4902414094	Hausa	Peoples of northern Nigeria who formed states following the demise of the Songhay Empire that combined Muslim and pagan traditions.	27

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