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AP World History Chapter 1- Vocabulary Terms Flashcards

From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations
8000-1500 B.C.E.

868541668	Civilization	A term that refers to mostly complex societies, but it can also mean a society that shares a set of cultural traits.	0
868541676	Culture	Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. Culture includes material objects (dwellings, clothing, tools, crafts, etc) along with other non-material values (beliefs, languages, traditions).	1
868541677	History	The development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices and events.	2
868541678	Stone Age	The period of time around 2 million years ago to 4000 years ago. The historical period characterized by production of tools from stone and other nonmetallic substances. it was followed in some places by the Bronze Age and more generally by the Iron Age.	3
868541679	Paleolithic	The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.	4
868541680	Neolithic	The period that follows the paleolithic period. (New Stone Age). Usually associated with the ancient agricultural revolutions.	5
869064279	Foragers	People who support themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects.	6
868541683	Agricultural Revolution	A term that refers to the changeover from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. (Neolithic Revolution)	7
868541694	Holocene	The geological era since the end of the Great Ice Age about 11,000 years ago.	8
868598214	Megaliths	Structures and complexes of very large stones constructed for ceremonial and religious purposes in Neolithic times.	9
868605602	Babylon	The largest and most important city in southern Mesopotamia in the second and first millennia B.C.E. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the Amorite king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E.	10
869064284	Sumerians	The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium B.C.E. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamian culture-such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions-taken over by their Semitic successors.	11
869064285	Semitic	Family of related languages long spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa.In antiquity these languages included Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician. The most widespread modern member of the Semitic family is Arabic.	12
869064286	City-State	A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early Mesopotamia, Archaic/Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy.	13
869064287	Hammurabi	Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.) He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases.	14
869064288	Scribe	In the governments of many ancient societies, a professional position reserved for men who had undergone lengthy training required to be able to read and write using cuneiforms, hieroglyphics, or other early, cumbersome writing systems.	15
869064289	Ziggurat	A massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks. It is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamian cities, but its function is unknown.	16
869064290	Amulet	Small charm meant to protect the bearer from evil. Found frequently in archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia and Egypt, amulets reflect the religious practices of the common people.	17
869064291	Cuneiform	A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented worlds or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia. Because so many symbols had to be learned, literacy was confined to a relatively small group of administrators and scribes.	18
869064292	Pharaoh	The central figure in the ancient Egyptian state. Believed to be an earthly manifestation of the gods, he used his absolute power to maintain the safety and prosperity of Egypt.	19
869064293	Ma'at	Egyptian term for the concept of divinely created and maintained order in the universe. Reflecting the ancient Egyptians' belief in an essentially beneficent world, the divine ruler was the earthly guarantor of this order.	20
869064294	Pyramid	A large, triangular stone monument, used in Egypt and Nubia as a burial place for the king. The largest pyramids, erected during the Old Kingdom near Memphis with stone tools and compulsory labor, reflect the Egyptian belief that the proper and spectacular burial of the divine ruler would guarantee the continued prosperity of the land.	21
869064295	Memphis	The capital of Old Kingdom Egypt, near the head of the Nile Delta. Early rulers were interred in the nearby pyramids.	22
869064296	Thebes	Capital City of Egypt and home of the ruling dynasties during the Middle and New Kingdoms, Amon, patron deity of Thebes, became one of the chief gods of Egypt. Monarchs were buried across the river in the Valley of the Kings.	23
869064297	Hieroglyphics	A system of writing in which pictorial symbols represented sounds, syllables,or concepts. It was used for official and monumental inscriptions in ancient Egypt. Because of the long period of study required to master this system, literacy in hieroglyphics was confined to a relatively small group of scribes and administrators. Cursive symbols forms were developed for rapid composition on other media, such as papyrus.	24
869064298	Papyrus	A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt. From it was produced a course, paper-like, writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East.	25
869064299	Mummy	A body preserved by chemical processes of special natural circumstances, often in the belief that the deceased will need it again in the afterlife. In ancient Egypt the bodies of people who could afford mummification underwent a complex process or removing organs, filling body cavities, dehydrating the corpse with natron, and then wrapping the body with linen bandages and enclosing it in a wooden sarcophagus.	26
869064300	Harappa	Site of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation (in modern Pakistan), and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials, such as metals and precious stones, from Afghanistan and Iran.	27
869064301	Mohenjo-Daro	Largest of the cities of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive flood-plain of the Indus River in contemporary Pakistan. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale of construction at Mohenjo-Daro, the orderly grid of streets, and the standardization of building materials are evidence of central planning.	28

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AP World History 1 Chapter 8 Terms Flashcards

The terms and definitions for the vocabulary terms in Ways of the World: Chapter 8.

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5839324696	An Lushan	Foreign-born general who led a major revolt against the Tang dynasty in 755-763 C.E., perhaps provoking China's turn to xenophobia.	0
5839324697	bushido	The "way of the warrior," referring to the military virtues of the Japanese samurai, including bravery, loyalty, and an emphasis on death over surrender.	1
5839324698	Chinese Buddhism	Buddhism was China's only large-scale cultural borrowing before the twentieth century; Buddhism entered China from India in the first and second centuries C.E. but only became popular in 300-800 C.E. through a series of cultural accommodations. At first supported by the state, Buddhism suffered persecution during the ninth century but continued to play a role in Chinese society.	2
5839324699	chu nom	A variation of Chinese writing developed in Vietnam that became the basis for an independent national literature; "southern script."	3
5839324700	foot binding	Chinese practice of tightly wrapping girls' feet to keep them small, begun in the Tang dynasty; an emphasis on small size and delicacy was central to views of female beauty.	4
5839324701	hangul	A phonetic alphabet developed in Korea in the fifteenth century C.E.	5
5839324702	Hangzhou	China's capital during the Song dynasty, with a population of more than a million people.	6
5839324703	Heian	Japan's second capital city (now known as Kyoto), modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an; also used to describe the period of Japanese history from 794 to 1192 C.E.	7
5839324704	Jurchen	Nomadic people who established a state that included parts of northern China (1115-1234 C.E.).	8
5839324705	Kami	Sacred spirits of Japan, whether ancestors or natural phenomena; their worship much later came to be called Shinto.	9
5839324706	Khitan	Nomadic people who established a state that included parts of northern China (907-1125 C.E.).	10
5839324707	Koryo	Korean dynasty (918-1392 C.E.).	11
5839324708	Kumsong	The capital of Korea in the medieval era, modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an.	12
5839324709	Murasaki Shikibu	Perhaps Japan's greatest author, a woman active at the Heian court who is best known for The Tale of Genji, which she wrote around 1000 C.E.	13
5839324710	Nara	Japan's first capital city, modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an.	14
5839324711	Neo-Confucianism	A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.	15
5839324712	Pure Land Buddhism	A school of Buddhism that proved to be immensely popular in China; emphasized salvation by faith in the Amitabha Buddha.	16
5839324713	Samurai	Members of Japan's warrior class, which developed as political power became increasingly decentralized.	17
5839324714	Shotoku Taisha	Japanese statesman (572-622 C.E) who launched the drive to make Japan into a centralized bureaucratic state modeled on China; he is best known for the Seventeen Article Constitution, which laid out the principles of this reform.	18
5839324715	Silla Dynasty	The first ruling dynasty to bring a measure of political unity to the Korean peninsula (688-900 C.E.).	19
5839324716	Song Dynasty economic revolution	A major economic quickening that took place in China under the Song dynasty (960-1279 C.E.); marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, economic specialization, the development of an immense network of internal waterways, and a great increase in industrial production and innovation.	20
5839324717	Sui Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China (581-618 C.E.) that effectively reunited the country after several centuries of political fragmentation.	21
5839324718	Tang Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China from 618 to 907 C.E.; noted for its openness to foreign cultural influences.	22
5839324719	Tanka	Highly stylized form of Japanese poetry that has been a favored means of expression for centuries.	23
5839324720	Tribute system	Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and peoples that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required the payment of tribute—produce of value from their countries—to the Chinese emperor (although the Chinese gifts given in return were often much more valuable).	24
5839324721	Trung Sisters	Two Vietnamese sisters who launched a major revolt against the Chinese presence in Vietnam in 39 C.E.; the rebellion was crushed and the sisters committed suicide, but they remained symbols of Vietnamese resistance to China for centuries.	25
5839324722	Uighurs	Turkic empire of the steppes; flourished in the eighth century C.E.	26
5839324723	Wendi, Emperor	Sui emperor (r. 581-604) who particularly patronized Buddhism.	27
5839324724	Xiongnu	Major nomadic confederacy that was established ca. 200 B.C.E. and eventually reached from Manchuria to Central Asia.	28
5839324725	Yi	Korean dynasty (1392-1910).	29

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AP World History "Foundations" Flashcards

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2441622224	The Paleolithic Age	refers to about 12,000 BC. During this time people were nomadic.	0
2441622225	The Neolithic Age	refers to the age from about 12,000 BC to about 8000 BC. It is during this time that people settled in communities and civilization began to emerge.	1
2441622226	River Valley Civilizations	refers to about 3500 to 1500 BC. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, Shang China	2
2441622227	Classical Civilizations	refers to about 1000 BC to 600 CE. The major civilizations to emerge were Zhou and Han China, Greece and Rome, and the Gupta Empire.	3
2441622228	Culture: Mesopotamia	Cuneiform;Extensive trade with Egypt and the Indus Valley Epic of Gilgamesh Early use of bronze tools, chariots Advanced astronomy; math based on 60 Pessimistic view of world, perhaps due to irregular, unpredictable flooding of the rivers Polytheism - gods powerful and often cruel Kings powerful, but not divine	4
2441622229	Politics: Mesopotamia	City-states and warrior kings Hammurabi's Code Competition among city states as well as frequent invasions led to less political stability than in Egypt	5
2441622230	Social: Mesopotamia	Job specialization - farmers, metallurgist, merchants, craftsmen, political administrators, priests; Social classes; Marriage contracts, veils for women; women of upper classes less equal than lower class counterparts	6
2441622231	Culture:Egypt	Concerned with decorative arts, shipbuilding, some medical knowledge Less advanced in math and astronomy than Mesopotamians Less extensive trade, especially in earlier eras Polytheism, with pharaoh as a god Optimistic view of life	7
2441622232	Politics: Egypt	Divine kingship - the pharaoh; highly centralized, authoritarian government Generally stable government throughout the 3 kingdoms Extensive bureaucracy; pharaoh's power channeled through regional governors	8
2441622233	Social: Egypt	Smaller nobility than Mesopotamia; fewer merchants Some social mobility through the bureaucracy Priests have high status (only ones who understand the complex hieroglyphic written language) Women - probably higher status than in Mesopotamia; love poetry indicates some importance placed on male/female relationships	9
2441622234	Culture: Indus Valley	Writing system only recently decipherable Soapstone seals that indicate trade with both Mesopotamians and China pottery making with bulls and long-horned cattle a frequent motif Small figurines of women Cruder weapons than Mesopotamians - stone arrowheads, no swords Polytheism - naked man with horns the primary god; fertility goddesses Two cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Dara	10
2441622235	Politics: Indus Valley	Assumed to be complex and thought to be centralized Limited information, but large granaries near the cities indicate centralized control	11
2441622236	Social : Indus Valley	Priests have highest status, based on position as intermediaries between gods and people Differences in house sizes indicate strong class distinctions Statues reflects reverence for female reproductive function	12
2441622237	Culture: Shang China	Oracles bones used to communicate with ancestors Pattern on bones formed basis for writing system; writing highly valued, complex pictorial language with 3000 characters by end of dynasty Uniform written language became bond among people who spoke many different languages Bronze weapons and tools, horse-drawn chariots Geographical separation from other civilizations, though probably traded with the Indus Valley	13
2441622238	Politics: Shang China	Centralized government, power in the hands of the emperor Government preoccupied with flood control of the rivers Job specialization - bureaucrats, farmers, slaves	14
2441622239	Social: Shang China	Social classes - warrior aristocrats, bureaucrats, farmers, slaves Patriarchal society; women as wives and concubines; women were sometimes shamans	15
2441622240	Culture: Meso & South america	Olmecs in Mesoamerica: Highly developed astronomy; used to predict agricultural cycles and please the gods Polytheism; religious rituals important, shamans as healers Ritual ballgames Irrigation and drainage canals Giant carved stone heads; probably with religious significance	16
2441622241	Politics:Meso & South america	Olmecs: apparently not united politically; unusual for ancient civilizations Chavin: probably political unification; public works operated by reciprocal labor obligations; had a capital city	17
2441622242	Social: Meso & South america	Olmec: craft specializations; priests have highest status; most people were farmers Chavin: Priests have highest status; capital city dominated the hinterlands; most people were farmers	18
2441622243	Agricultural societies	8,000 BCE cultivate crops; domestication of plants and animals iron tools writing systems constant development	19
2441622244	Pastoral societies	8,000 BCE domesticated animals; domestication of horses and camels	20
2441622245	Foraging societies	35,000 BCE hunting and gathering;baskets for gathering and storing and hunting tools	21
2441622246	Classical Civilizations	Greece, Rome, Han China , India	22
2441622247	Silk Road	This overland route extended from western China, across Central Asia, and finally to the Mediterranean area.	23
2441622248	The Indian Ocean Trade	This important set of water routes became even more important in later eras, but the Indian Ocean Trade was actively in place during the classical era. The trade had three legs: one connected eastern Africa and the Middle East with India; another connected India to Southeast Asia; and the final one linked Southeast Asia to the Chinese port of Canton.	24
2441622249	Saharan Trade	This route connected people that lived south of the Sahara to the Mediterranean and the Middle East	25
2441622250	Sub-Saharan Trade	This trade connected to the Indian Ocean trade along the eastern coast of Africa, which in turn connected the people of sub-Saharan Africa to trade centers in Cairo and India	26
2441622251	The Huns	The Huns were a nomadic people of Asia that began to migrate south and west during this time period.	27
2441622252	Phoenicians	By about 2000 BCE this small group of seafaring people from a coastal area of the eastern Mediterranean Sea had set up colonies in North Africa and southern Europe.	28
2441622253	Aryans	These herding peoples originated in the Caucasus area, but they began migrating in many directions about the mid 2nd millennium BCE. Waves of Aryan migrants invaded the Indian subcontinent, decimating the cities of the Indus Valley.	29
2441622254	Germanic Peoples	found from the Black Sea to the Rhine. In 476, Odoacer, a Visigoth, officially became the leader of Rome.	30
2441622255	Polytheism	belief in a number of deities that can be anthromorphic or related to the non-human world	31
2441622256	Confucianism	Five Relationships Mandate of Heaven	32
2441622257	Daoism	Yin-Yang, Dualism in Nature, People part of the balance in Nature	33
2441622258	Hellenism	Greek philosophy; trade and common culture throughout Mediterranean science and technology developments at Alexandria -- Library	34
2441622259	Hinduism	caste system multiple expressions of deities emphasis on ritual prayer sacred texts	35
2441622260	Buddhism	Four Noble Truths Eight-Fold Path	36
2441622261	Judaism	monotheistic, emphasis on daily prayer, sacred text -- Torah	37
2441622262	Islam	monotheistic Mohammad as prophet Qu'ran, Sufi emphasis on saints Sunni, Sh'ia split	38

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ap world history final Flashcards

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5736278689	What did the Mandate of Heaven mean in the Zhou Dynasty?	The ruler in China is allowed to keep their power if ruled fairly	0
5736288724	Know the difference between Han Wudi and Chandra Gupta.	They were not from the same region. Han Wudi - China Chandra Gupta - India	1
5736304355	What facilitated growth of the Silk Roads?	Some of the cities were founded by Alexander the Great.	2
5736315804	By the 5th century C.E., why were the Germanic tribes of central Europe exerting more pressure on the boundaries of the Roman Empire?	Invasion of Europe by the Huns	3
5736326601	Between 300 BCE and 300 CE, who participated in the Indian Ocean trading network?	Rome and China	4
5736334712	Why did the world population soar between 4000 BCE and 2000 BCE?	Agricultural practices	5
5736516260	What kinds of artifacts would be useful to help a historian who is researching the effects of Mesopotamian trade on local economies 2,000 years ago?	just know that they need specific containers	6
5736529815	Describe some of the differences between the Hebrew religion and the Vedic religion.	Hebrew - monotheistic Vedic - polytheistic	7
5736554167	Analyze this quote. "Like most empire builders Alexander took over an earlier and already weakened power. Although he moved large numbers of Greek settlers into Persia, he did very little to alter the administrative structure of the Persian Empire."	Just know it is letter D on the test lol	8
5736577194	Describe some of the effects after the conversion of Asoka.	Lead to the spread of Buddhist missionaries to South East Asia and beyond	9
5736598931	Describe some of the main teachings of Confucianism.	People were taught that they have a duty to one's parents and the state	10
5736607513	Describe the Code of Hammurabi.	It was a code of laws that tried to cut down on crime as much as possible.	11
5736941818	Describe the gender roles in Imperial societies in the classical period.	they were a patriarchal society	12
5736950130	Describe some of the roots of classical India.	Vedic literature	13
5737058139	Describe the characteristics of a typical Sumerian city.	geography played an important role in the selection site of a city so it could be near waterways	14
5737061816	What does the "Era of the Warring State" refer to?	the "era of chaos" in China before the Qin Dynasty	15
5737069517	When did the Han dynasty begin? Soon after what event?	The assassination of the Qin Emperor and then the Han take over	16
5737079211	What was an important reason for the early economic success of Rome?	their well made road system	17
5737087789	What are some of the causes of the early Bantu migrations through Africa around 1000 BCE?	environmental changes	18
5737093634	After 250 CE, Buddhism spread mainly to what region?	Asia	19
5737101059	Describe some of the similarities between the Han Dynasty, Persian Empire, and Gupta Empire.	all had large bureaucracies in politics	20
5737109033	What was one way in which Buddhism and Christianity were similar?	It was spread by missionaries	21
5737119105	Why is ancient Egypt known as the "gift of the Nile"?	regular flooding of the Nile deposits fertile soil	22
5737126390	Why did long-distance trade thrive in the classical empires?	government authorities tried to keep trade routes safe	23
5737134942	List some legacies of the Maurya and Gupta empires in India.	both had difficulty maintaining centralized rule	24
5737141978	What was happening in Mesoamerica around 200 CE?	completion of Teotihuacan and the rise of Mayan city-states	25
5737152079	What people group did the Persians gain many of their traditions from?	ancient Mesopotamians	26
5737159047	How were the Persian Empire, Gupta Empire, Han Dynasty, and Roman Empire all connected?	by the Silk Roads	27
5737167327	Describe the Hellenistic culture that Alexander the Great helped to produce.	blend of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures	28
5742770388	Describe the impact of the Neolithic Revolution	farming communities developed which lead to first cities	29
5742777898	In Confucianism, how could harmony be achieved?	by proper behavior from each family member	30
5742780306	Why was the qanat system developed?	spread of certain crops in South Asia and the Middle East that required greater amounts of water for many plant types	31
5742795132	Know what part of the world the Han Dynasty controlled	Around the Eastern portion of China.	32
5742847747	Why was China during the Han Dynasty and India during the Gupta Empire both considered "golden ages"?	the economic prosperity improved science and technology	33
5742859427	Know where the first agricultural regions of the world were located.	Fertile Crescent	34
5742869795	Describe the importance of the Justinian Code	organize laws in ways people could understand	35
5742881501	What European event had the most direct impact on the growth of civilizations such as Mali and Ghana?	establishment of the money based economy	36
5742885971	What is Ibn Battuta best known for?	traveled widely, knows a lot of Mecca and Medina	37
5742893505	Describe the commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 1000-1450?	flourished, merchants from Asia, Middle East, East Africa	38
5742904740	In the period between 1000-1450, name some occupations pursued by large numbers of African and European women.	midwife and healer	39
5742910037	How was Islam and Hinduism introduced to what is now called Indonesia?	through trade	40
5742919005	Though in different time periods, why did feudal states arise in both Europe and China?	fragmentation of central government	41
5742926806	Which religion is Angkor Watt associated with?	Hinduism	42
5742933531	What were some of the major differences between the Inca and Aztec empires?	Aztec developed a system of writing	43
5742938373	Describe the Mongol invasion of China.	Adopt elements of Chinese culture to spread to other parts of Asia	44
5742949483	What were some of the African goods traded on the trans-Saharan trade route?	salt and gold	45
5742958800	Before 1450 CE, list some characteristics of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy?	their export was gold	46
5742969555	List some ways in which Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Maya were similar	All developed extensive writing systems	47
5742982660	List some factors that represent the most significant causes of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1000-1450?	increased inter regional trade	48
5742988026	Why did the Swahili city-states prosper?	they were connected to the Indian Ocean trade system	49
5742994696	Why did sugarcane, bananas, and other crops spread outside of their homelands?	demand for luxury goods	50
5743007471	What classical civilizations were most famous for their extensive and centrally planned imperial road networks?	Roman Empire/Inca	51
5743015084	What contemporary society most closely mirrored feudal Japan?	Western Europe	52
5743022263	What was the key component in the infrastructure built during the Tang-Song Era?	construction of the grand canal	53
5743028277	What was the global impact of the Crusades?	Western Europeans were introduced to knowledge from the Islamic World	54
5743038147	The Byzantine Empire flourished due to a crossroads of trade from which regions?	Mediterranean, Middle East, and Asia	55
5743048126	Describe some of the technological advancements that can be traced back to the Islamic civilization at its height.	Latin sails, Arabic numerals, philosophical inquiry	56
5743052622	The Abbasid's in the Middle East were most closely matched by what culture?	Song & China	57
5743058704	What was the common in unifying feature of sub Saharan African societies in the post classical era	common Bantu & mystic groups	58
5743065122	Describe the process of how Islam spread to south Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa.	traders, peaceful, political power remained in the hands of the non Arab elites	59

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AP World History review Flashcards

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2592636117	How were settlements in Africa planned? (1)	They were planned around the seasonal movement of fish and game	0
2592636118	What is dreamtime and what does it represent? (1)	Early belief system, in Australian natives, complex outlook on life represent ing beginning of all things	1
2592636119	How did the Paleolithic people alter their environment? (1)	Set fires to encourage growth of certain plants, killed off many large animals	2
2592636120	Why did agriculture emerge after countless millennia without it? (2)	Melting of ice age, warming of climate, dying off of large animals	3
2592636121	Why did the people of the Americas lack sources of protein and power? (2)	They lacked big animals, only had llamas and alpacas	4
2592636122	Pastoral societies (2)	Society based on domestication of animals, nomads, hard for them the settle in places... unless you are... the Mongols	5
2592636123	Agricultural societies (2)	Village based farmers, settle, gender equality	6
2592636124	Chiefdoms (2)	Politically organized agriculture villages	7
2592636125	How was social inequality expressed in early civilizations? (3)	Hierarchies of class, upper classes had greater wealth, majority of population "middle class", and some slaves	8
2592636126	Describe slavery in early civilizations (3)	Slaves often prisoners of war, criminals or debtors Put up for sale Worked in mines, fields, homes, and shops Occasionally used as human sacrifice	9
2592636127	Explain the origins of patriarchy (3)	Strong males needed to used plows for agriculture Women took care of homes Men had more time for politics Military &religious view changed	10
2592636128	Contrast the Persian and Greek political organization and values (4)	Persian- centralized, 23 provinces, standardized coinage Greek- city-states, 2 to 3 million people, Olympics, not much conquest of other cultures	11
2592636129	What changes did Alexander the Great bring to the world? (4)	Widespread dissemination of culture, Persian empire fell, Alexandria Egypt center of Greek learning, faded into Hellenistic empires	12
2592636130	How was the Roman empire similar to the Chinese empire? (4)	Focused on public works Supernatural sanctions to support rule Absorbed foreign religious traditions Domestic repercussions Centralized control over vast regions Defined themselves in universal terms	13
2592636131	How was the collapse of the Roman empire different from the collapse of Han China? (4)	Roman - 476 ce, population declined by 25%, invasion by Germanic people Han - 220 ce, tension between court officials and barbarian states, Sui dynasty took over	14
2592636132	Why was Europe unable to reconstruct something similar to that of the Roman empire? (4)	Europe had dissolved into highly centralized kingdoms ruled by many kings	15
2593104479	Legalism (5)	School of thought emerged in warring States period, law must be clearly layed out, emerged in Qin dynasty	16
2593104480	Confucianism (5)	Moral examples of superiors	17
2593104481	Daoism (5)	Withdrawal of one's self to nature	18
2593104482	How did classical Hinduism differ from other world religions? (5)	Not historical founder Did not seek converts	19
2593104483	Describe the social hierarchy of classical China. (6)	Officials came from wealthy landlord families, imperial academy Landlords rose and fell Vast majority peasants Merchants lowest class, thought as greedy	20
2593104484	How did the inequalities of slavery differ from the caste? (6)	Worked without pay Inhumane Slaves were property Can't move up system	21
2593104485	How did the patriarchy of Athens differ from Sparta? (6)	Athens - negative ideals toward women, women had no jobs in court, women to stay indoors Sparta - women took part in sports, women married men of own age	22
2593104486	Describe the Maya civilization politically, socially, and culturally. (7)	Urban centers Rapid population growth Engineered landscapes	23
2593104487	Compare and contrast the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade. (8)	Silk Road - land Indian Ocean - ocean trade Compare - connects west and China, around the same time	24
2593104488	Describe the economic and cultural roles of Swahili civilization on the East Coast of Africa. (8)	Participated in Indian Ocean trade No imperial system Rapidly islamic	25
2593104489	Explain the Chinese tribute system. (9)	Bought protection Chinese gave nomads gifts that were worth more than gifts the nomads could give to them Such as silk --- poor horses	26
2593104490	How did Byzantium continue the patterns of the Roman Empire? (10)	Continue- Christianity, roads, taxes, laws Change - different type of Christianity, stronger army	27
2593104491	What happened to trade in Europe after 476 CE? (10)	Less trade, more one way bartering, roads deteriorated	28
2593104492	Explain the message of Islam. (11)	There is one God Line of prophets God's revelation to humanity	29
2593104493	Why were Arabs able to establish an empire so quickly? (11)	Shared faith= mobilization Easily defeated Byzantine Merchant leaders = use of trade routes Led by Muhammad	30
2593104494	What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims? (11)	Shia- Imans, leadership should be from bloodline, 85 - 90% of current Muslims Sunni- Ulama, caliphs elected political and military leaders, more extreme	31
2593104495	Describe the military effectiveness of the Mongols. (12)	Units of 10, 100, 1000, 10000 warriors Conquered tribes took into units Imperial guards Mobilization Strict policies	32
2593104496	How was Mongol rule in Persia different than that in China? (12)	More abrupt / destructive Slaughter Damage to property	33
2593104497	Explain the differences between Chinese and European oceangoing ventures. (13)	Chinese - crew of thousands, decisive ending of voyages, aware of antiquity European - Columbus had crew of 90, sought wealth / land, no unified political order	34
2593104498	Compare the Aztecs and Incas. (13)	Aztecs - 5 to 6 million people, luxury, trade, human sacrifice Incas - bureaucratic, ruler=divine, state owned all	35
2593104499	Explain the Columbian exchange. (14)	Enormous networks of communication, trade, migration, disease, generated by European colonial empires in Americas	36
2593104500	Ecomienda (14)	Coerced labor system, Spanish owned natives, gave them to settlers, natives receive protection and Christianity	37
2593104501	Repartimiedo (14)	Corrupt	38
2593104502	Hacienda (14)	Owners of large estates an employ native people, natives have low wages, high taxes	39
2593104503	Mercantilism (14)	To make money Export more than you import Colonies have direct access to goods	40
2593104504	Explain the Latin America class structure. (14)	At the top the Spanish natives Next Creoles, people of Spanish descent in New World Mezitos, mixed race, Spainsh / natives Mullattoes, 1/2 African, 1/2 Portaguese, At the bottom natives	41
2593104505	To what extent did the British and Dutch trading companies change the societies in Asia? (15)	Dutch - controlled shipping & production, local economies shattered British - East India trading company, Indian cotton textiles	42
2593104506	Why is silver trade so important? (15)	Made the Spanish economy one of the most productive and commercialized kingdoms in the world	43
2593104507	Impact of the fur trade in North America. (15)	Gave stronger weapons and tools to natives, natives caught new diseases, alcohol	44
2593104508	What was distinctive of the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas? (15)	Immense size of traffic of slaves, racial dimension, slaves were property	45
2593104509	How did the slave trade affect African societies? (15)	Slowed African population, no positive economic trade, political disruption	46
2593104510	How did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to Atlantic Revolutions? (17)	New ideas of liberty equality and free trade Challenge authority, "popular sovereigty"	47
2593104511	Three estates (17)	Legal order of French society before revolution - Clergy - Nobility - Those two equal 2% of population - Commoners, formed national assembly	48
2593104512	How was the French Revolution different from the American? (17)	Driven by conflicts within society Nobles resisted taxes Growing middle class More violent, far-reaching, social upheaval	49
2593104513	Why did the industrial revolution begin in Europe? (18)	Europe was a center of knowledge and exchange throughout global contact between cultures	50
2593104514	What was the impact of the export boom on the various segments of Latin American society? (18)	Increased population of Latin America Middle-class formed Europeans emigrated to Latin America	51
2593104515	In what ways did the Industrial Revolution shape 19th century imperialism? (19)	Growth of mass nationalism Fought for more colonies Appealed to wealthy Scramble for Africa	52
2593104516	What was the culmination of China's internal crisis by 1850? (19)	Absence of industrial revolution Pressure of peasant farmers Opium wars	53
2593104517	In what ways was Japan changing during the Tokagawa era? (19)	Samurai- 6% of population, warrior code World's most urbanized society of the time High literacy rates Shogunates losing control	54
2593104518	Explain the brutal regime of forced labor in the Congo. (20)	Cash crops Exploited workers and former slaves Long hours, harsh punishments	55
2593104519	What impact did western education have on colonial societies? (20)	Access to better jobs Elite status Cultural divide Still not equal to Europeans	56
2593104520	How did the rapid industrialization of warfare impact WWI? (21)	Military men earned social prestige Naval warships Elaborate war plans New military technology	57
2593104521	What caused WWI? (21)	Alliances, Triple Entente, Triple Alliances Mounting nationalism Rulers of Europe saw the world as an arena of conflict and competition between rival nation-states	58
2593104522	Triple Entente (21)	Alliance of Russian Empire, Great Britain and France during WWI, later US joined the alliance	59
2593104523	Triple Alliance (21)	Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy during WWI	60
2593104524	What were the terms of the treaty of Versailles? (21)	Germany lost colonial empire and 15% of European territory, took responsibility for war, pay for war, military restricted	61
2593104525	Explain the spread of the Great Depression from US to Europe. (21)	Europe bought produce from US Germany and Austria had loans from US Britain and France indebted to US	62
2593104526	How did the Soviet Union escape the Great Depression? (21)	Properties classes State-controlled empire No unemployment Dictoral and Draconian socialism	63
2593104527	How did WWII differ from WWI? (21)	60 million deaths in WWII Governments mobilized societies Indiscriminate slaughter Holocaust Rearranged social politics	64
2593104528	How did the Marshall Plan help rebuild Europe after WWII? (21)	US gave Europe $12 billion Between 1948 to 1970's Europe economies grew rapidly and improved living standards Cooporate through EEC	65
2593104581	How did communist governments exercise power during 20th century? (22)	1/3 of world population lived in Communist regimes Communist rule in Mongolia, Korea, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Cuba, Afghanistan, China, Soviet Union, and much of Eastern Europe Communist Political parties in Greece, France, Italy, IS, Philippines, Malaysia, Bolivia, and Peru	66
2593104582	What changes did communism bring to the lives of women? (22)	State-directed feminism Legal and political equality for women in Soviet Union China - marriage law of 1960	67
2593104583	How did the end of communism in the Soviet Union differ from communism's demise in China? (22)	Soviet reforms more broadly based USSR spun into decline Collapse of state	68
2593423551	What was distinctive about the end of Europe's African and Asian colonies compared to other cases of imperial disintegration? (23)	After WWI & WWII Mobilization of the masses around nationalist ideology	69
2593423552	What was the role of Gandhi in India's nationalist movement? (23)	Non-violent leader for independence Hindu Goal to raise status of untouchables Sought moral transformation of the individual	70
2593423553	How does the role of the state affect the economic lives of developing states? (23)	Move towards dependence on free market to generate economic growth	71
2593423554	What are the four major processes that illustrate accelerating globalization? (24)	Transformation of global economy Rise of global feminism Modernization of religions Growing awareness of humankind's impact on the enviroment	72
2593423555	What were the major differences between Western environmentalism and environmentalism in developing countries? (24)	Developing countries believed the Global North was responsible for pollution Global South believed the West should curtail their industrial development	73

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AP World History Vocab Flashcards

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5032832206	Achaemenid Empire	1st of the Persian empires to rule over certain portions of Persia or Iran. It was after the Median Empire and had 7.5 million square kilometers of territory.	0
5032832207	Seleucid Empire	A successor state of Alexander the Great's empire. It covered central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Pamir, Turkmenistan, Persia and the Indus Valley. The primary languages of this empire were: Greek, Persian and Aramaic.	1
5032834216	Parthian Empire	A major Iranian empire. Parthians were horsemen and arches. In 250 BC, the Parthians founded their independent kingdom.	2
5032836676	Sasanid	Mmeber of the Sassanian Dynasty	3
5032836677	Satrapy	Pronounce governed by a satrap	4
5032839517	Zoroastrianism	Ancient pre-Islamic religion of Iran	5
5032969276	Ahura Mazda		6
5032972732	Angra Mainyu	Avestan- language name of Zoroastrainism; "destructive spirit"	7
5032972733	Avesta	Sacred writings of Zoroastrianism	8
5032974611	Gathas	A religious work made by Zarathustra that contains hymns praising Ahura Mazda.	9
5032974612	Cyrus	Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 - 530 BCE, Cyrus conquered Media, Lydia & Babylon	10
5032974613	Cambryses	Son of Cyrus, emperor of the Achaemenid Empire	11
5032976954	Darius	King of Persia, expanded the empire, invaded Greece	12
5032976955	Xerxes	King of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. His official title was Shahanshah means 'king of kings'.	13
5033012608	Alexander of Macedon	King of the ancient Greek kingdom, Macedon. He was also a member of the Argead Dynasty.	14
5033012609	Mithradates 1	Mithradates 1 (195 BC - 132 BC) was a king of Pontus. He expanded his kingdom by defeating the Romans but was later driven out by Pompey.	15
5033012610	Shapur 1	King of the Sasanian Empire. He was the second Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire	16
5033015029	Zarathustra	Founder of Zoroastrianism, an official religion of Persia.	17
5033018289	Persia	The first empire in the Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great. Persian history was interrupted by the Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD and later by the Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia	18
5033018290	Media	A region of north-western Iran. Best-known for having a political and cultural base for the Medes.	19
5033018291	Lydia	An Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor. Lydia was later the name of the Roman province. Coins were said to be invented in Lydia around the 7th century BC.	20
5033018292	Macedonia	Ancient Kingdom in the Balkan Peninsula	21
5033020323	Anatolia	Known as Asia minor	22
5033020324	Ionia	Ancient region of Central Coastal Anatolia	23
5033022525	Ctesiphon	Ancient city in Mesopotamia	24
5033027723	Persepolis	Greek name for the ancient city of Persia	25
5033027724	Pasargadae	Ancient ruined city in Southern Iran	26
5033029987	Seleucus	Macedonia general who accompanied Alexander the Great into Asia	27
5033029988	Marathon	City in Greece when Pheidippides ran 26 miles to Athens to tell them to the victory	28
5033032143	Gaugamela	Battle between Alexander of Macedon and Darius 3rd; led to the Persian Empire	29
5033032144	Parthia	Persian Dynasty; extended to Mesopotamia	30
5033034707	Bactria	Northwestern India and ruled by Greece; speaking descendants of Alexander's Campaign	31
5033036483	Gandhara	Represents Buddha as a human statue for the 1st time	32

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AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

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2505674057	1) Prehistory	Time before writing	0
2505674058	3) Ziggurat	Mesopotamian stepped pyramid	1
2505674059	5) Language	Allows man to transmit info to next generation	2
2505674060	5) Hatshepsut	Woman pharaoh in Egypt	3
2505674061	5) Cuneiform	Sumerian writing	4
2505674062	8-9) Bantu migration	Bantu had population pressures and spread language like Indo-European to many people	5
2505674063	10) Harappan	Earliest indian society	6
2505674064	11) Mohenjo-daro	One of early Harappan cities	7
2505674065	12-13) Aryans	Come to India after long migration "wheat colored" "noble people"	8
2505674066	38) Paterfamilias	Patriarchal Roman family	9
2505674067	10) Reconquista	Iberian peninsula taken back by Christians from Muslims	10
2505674068	14) Jati	Subcaste	11
2505674069	4) Sumerians	First wheeled vehicles	12
2505674070	15) Mandate of Heaven	Chinese ruler. Heaven and earth	13
2505674071	2) Early Agriculture	Slash & burn technique	14
2505674072	16) Period of Warring states	End of Zhou Dynasty	15
2505674073	19) Cyrus	Founder of Persian Achaemenid	16
2505674074	20) Herodotus	"Neither rain, nor snow, nor heat, nor glo0m..." describes Persian couriers	17
2505674075	22) Analcects	Collected sayings & Confucius	18
2505674076	17-18) Olmecs	Rubber people of Mesoamerica created huge heads from basalt	19
2505674077	21) Qanats	Underground irrigation canals in Persia	20
2505674078	34) Helots	Spartans feared uprising by these serfs	21
2505674079	37) Twelve Tablets	Early Roman Law	22
2505674080	39) Buddhism	Spread of merchants	23
2505674081	36) Socrates	'The unexamined life is not worth living"	24
2505674082	43) Caliph	Political authority after Muhammad	25
2505674083	35) Sparta	Woman had more freedom here than in Athens	26
2505674084	33) Anthenian Democracy	All male citizens	27
2505674085	32) Polis	City state	28
2505674086	31) Bhagavad Gita	Story of Arjina and Krishna	29
2505674087	30) Jains	Zealous group does "no harm" even to invisible bugs	30
2505674088	29) White Huns	Hastens end of Gupta state	31
2505674089	28) Ashoka	High point of Mauryan Dynasty	32
2505674090	27) Wudi	Most powerful Han emperor	33
2505674091	25) Dao	"The Way"	34
2505674092	24) Legalism	Chinese strict and clear laws. Ends era of warring states	35
2505674093	23) Xiongnu	Nomadic invaders of Han China	36
2505674094	25) Qin Shihuangdi	Unites China	37
2505674095	59) Byzantuim	Major advantage location on Bosporus straits	38
2505674096	67) Nomadic military	Cavalry	39
2505674097	42) Byzantine Empire	After collapse a Roman Empire ruled 1000 years in eastern Roman Empire	40
2505674098	68) Mahmud of Ghanzi	Invades India in 11th century. Plunder!	41
2505674099	48) Islamic Patriarchy	More so due to Mesopotamia & Persian influences	42
2505674100	78) Voltaire	French philosophies "Neither holy, nor Roman, nor Empire."	43
2505674101	61) Bezant	Byzantine gold coin	44
2505674102	Caravanserais	Inns for camel caravans	45
2505674103	75) Sundiata	Founder of Mali in Africa	46
2505674104	44) Shia	Caliphate showed follow Ali	47
2505674105	58) India as Emporia	Central location in Indian Ocean	48
2505674106	60) Caesaropapism	Emperor controls church and state	49
2505674107	46) Abbasid	Abbasids NOT conquerors	50
2505674108	51) Kowtow	Prostration to emperor in China	51
2505674109	70) Delhi Sultanate	Control Northern-India islamic	52
2505674110	72) Osman Bay	Founder of Ottoman Turks	53
2505674111	62) Iconoclasm	Emperor Leo 3 policy. Destroys religious icons	54
2505674112	41) Barracks Emperors	26 Roman emperors 235 to 284 military based	55
2505674113	71) Golden Horde	Mongols dominate Russia 13th-15th century	56
2505674114	64) Prince Vladimir	Converts to Orthhodoxy- influence Russia	57
2505674115	65) Central Asia	No large scale agricultures- dry climate	58
2505674116	40) Sinicization	Chinese culture	59
2505674117	73) Bananas	First new crop to Africa	60
2505674118	69) Yuan Dynasty	1279 Khubilai Khan	61
2505674119	52) Mongols	1279, Sona fall to Mongols	62
2505674120	55) Shinto	Japan- native religion	63
2505674121	56) Shogun	Japanese military governor	64
2505674122	57) Hindu	Kingdoms of Southern India embraced this faith	65
2505674123	49) India & Islam	India influence in math	66
2505674124	53) Fast-ripening rice	New crop to China during song & lang	67
2505674125	45) Sharia	Islamic Law	68
2505674126	74) Ghana	Powerful west African state converts to Islam	69
2505674127	50) Sui Dynasty China	Grand Canal	70
2505674128	54) Chan Buddhism	Popular school of Chinese Buddhism	71
2505674129	66) Turkish Conversion	Living near Abbasid convert to Islam	72
2525809537	99) Zahir al-din Muhammad	Created an empire, became a leader, won fame	73
2525815563	116) John Stuart Mill	English philosopher supported very liberal freedoms including equality fro women	74
2525825221	105) Enlightenment Ideas	1) Popular sovereignty 2) Social Contract 3) Political equality 4) Individual freedom	75
2525831250	117) Mary Wollstonecraft	A vindication of the Rights of Women	76
2525835475	96) Devshirme	Balkan slaves may become Janissaries	77
2525839680	115) Saint- Dominque	Only successful slave revolt	78
2525842214	108) Leaders of French Revolution	Wanted a complete reorganization of France	79
2525845828	111) French Revolution Slogan	"Liberty, equality, fraternity"	80
2525851632	106) American Revolt Slogan"	"No taxation without representation"	81
2525853953	101) Steppe Tradition	Blood letting amongst family heirs to leadership	82
2525857617	77) Sub-Saharan African Women	Had greater opportunities	83
2525859489	87) Zheng He	Chinese admiral	84
2525862039	104) Decline of Islamic Empires	1) Weak rulers 2) Dissident religions 3) New trade routes at sea 4) Religious conservatives create intolerance	85
2525870133	89) Son of Heaven	Chinese emperor connect heaven on earth	86
2525873375	103) Jizya	Non Muslims pay tax to practice their faith	87
2525879768	119) Authors of Communist Manifesto	Marx & Engles	88
2525884550	109) Anciem regime	Old order in France that revolutionaries wanted to change	89
2525889103	85) Quipo	Inca mnemonic aid - small knots	90
2525892186	John Locke	"Consent of the governed"	91
2525898222	110) National Assembly	June 17th, 1789 - 3rd estate of France become National Assembly	92
2525904075	99) China's technology during Ming & Qing	Governments focus on social stability & political security	93
2525911386	81) Increased east/west Mediterranean trade during Middle Ages	Crusades	94
2525914575	108) Leaders of French Revolution	Wanted a complete reorganization of France	95
2525917329	102) Sikhism	Syncretic Hindu & Islam	96
2525920552	113) Turning point for Napoleon	1812 Russia	97
2525924056	76) Swahili City States	Wealthy Islamic cities on coast of East Africa	98
2532804777	159) World War 1 France fears...	German expansion Franco Prussian War	99
2532808102	155) Social Darwinism	Powerful nations dominate weaker nations	100
2532816467	134) 19th century Russia began social reform after...	Crimean (military) defeat	101
2532819681	172) Africans in WW1	Bound by colonial ties	102
2532822793	120) Klemens von Metternich	Congress of Vienna	103
2532825342	154) Boers	Dutch farmers settle in South Africa	104
2532829791	163) Nicholas 2	Last Tsar of Russia	105
2532836461	130) Germany was first European nation to provide	Insurance & medical benefits	106
2532842385	140) Self Strengthening Movement	Blends modern western technology with cultural traditions of...	107
2532847886	143) 1853, Japan forced to trade by...	Americans	108
2532852795	133) Young Turks Principles	1) Universal suffrage 2) Emancipation of women 3) Equality before law 4) free public education	109
2532859572	137) Russian Navy was destroyed by the...	Japanese during Russo-Japanese War 1905	110
2532865367	145) Meiji Restoration	1) Abolish feudal order 2) Improve education 3) Revamp Tax 4) Reorganize army/navy	111
2532870109	146) Russo-Japanese War	Japan rises to world power	112
2532873587	138) 1905 Bloody Sunday led to reestablishment of...	Duma	113
2532881708	142) Society of the Righteous & Harmonious Fist	1900- Boxer Rebellion China attacks foreign missionaries	114
2532884410	135) Crimean War	Stopped Russia expansion	115
2532886288	147) Cecil Rhodes	British imperialist Rhodesia Rhodes Scholarship	116
2532891190	126) Luddites	Craft workers in England destroyed machines	117
2532893763	114) Waterloo	Napoleon's final defeat	118
2532897468	128) Marx & Engels	Bourgeoisie & Proletariat struggle & classes	119
2532901485	121) Otto von Bismark	German leader - Blood & Iron	120
2532906518	150) Sepoy Mutiny	India troops rebel against British military	121
2532909632	152) Congo Free State	African colony belongs to Belgium	122
2532920057	123) Crucial to industrialization	Replace human & animal power with inanimate sources of energy	123
2532924519	131) 1900 largest city	London	124
2532926815	122) Industrial Revolution	Began in Great Britain	125
2532929595	123) Cotton cloth	Threatened British wool production	126
2532935415	144) Meiji Restoration in Japan	Understood dangers of European & American domination	127
2532940322	156) World War 1 - catalyst	Franz Ferdinand assassination	128
2532945265	148) Rudyard Kipling	British imperialist author "White Man's Burden"	129
2532952799	128) Two classes of Marx & Engels	Proletariat (workers) & Bourgeoisie (owners)	130
2532957234	158) Triple Alliance	Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Italy	131
2532969773	127) 19th century Industrialized nations experienced demographic transition which meant...	Fertility rate in decline	132
2532974078	140) Self-Strengthening Movement	China	133
2532976472	119) Theodore Herzl	Supported Zionism - A jewish homeland	134
2532978937	132) Young Ottoman	Opposed the Tanzimat	135
2532984773	157) World War 1 areas on conflict...	Industry trade rivalries navy race colonial disputes nationalism	136
2532989648	149) Suez Canal	Assures British control of India	137
2532991453	151) French Indo-China	1852-59 Vietnam Cambodia Laos fall to French control	138
2533000935	125) Calico Acts 1720 & 1721	Restrict British importation of cotton cloth	139
2533006489	139) British sailed up Grand Canal during the...	Opium war	140
2533008722	141) Empress Cixi	Last 50 years of Qing Dynasty	141
2533011833	136) Alexander 2	Freed the serfs	142

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AP World History Vocab Flashcards

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2708880762	Absolutism	the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters	0
2751225177	Agriculture	the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products	1
2777799196	Aristocracy	the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.	2
2777799822	Bureaucracy	a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.	3
2777806789	Capitalism	an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state	4
2777807191	Chiefdom	the rank or office of a chief, the territory or people over which a chief rules	5
2777807535	City-state	A city with its surrounding territory forms an independent state	6
2777808122	Civilization	the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced	7
2777810312	Codification	the act, process, or result of arranging in a systematic form or code, the act, process, or result of stating the rules and principles applicable in a given legal order to one or more broad areas of life in this form of a code, the reducing of unwritten customs or case law to statutory form	8
2777811543	Coerced	persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats	9
2777811900	Colonialism	the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically	10
2777815033	Commercial	: concerned with or engaged in commerce, making or intended to make a profit, (of television or radio) funded by the revenue from broadcast advertisements, (of chemicals) supplied in bulk and not of the highest purity, a television or radio advertisement	11
2777815398	Communism	a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs	12
2777815830	Culture	the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively, the cultivation of bacteria, tissue cells, etc., in an artificial medium containing nutrients, maintain (tissue cells, bacteria, etc.) in conditions suitable for growth	13
2777816348	Deforestation	to divest or clear of forests or trees	14
2777817069	Deity	a god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion)	15
2777822536	Demography	the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations	16
2777822711	Diffusion	the spreading of something more widely	17
2777823202	Domestication	to convert (animals, plants, etc.) to domestic uses; tame, to tame (an animal), especially by generations of breeding, to live in close association with human beings as a pet or work animal and usually creating a dependency so that the animal loses its ability to live in the wild, to adapt (a plant) so as to be cultivated by and beneficial to human beings, to accustom to household life or affairs, to take (something foreign, unfamiliar, etc.) for one's own use or purposes; adopt, to make more ordinary, familiar, acceptable, or the like	18
2777824089	Dynasty	a line of hereditary rulers of a country	19
2777824396	Economic	of or relating to economics or the economy, justified in terms of profitability	20
2777825479	Empire	an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress	21
2777826018	Epidemic	a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time, of, relating to, or of the nature of an epidemic	22
2777826234	Feudalism	Feudalism: the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection	23
2777827472	Forager	one who forages	24
2777828719	Genocide	the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation	25
2777829145	Globalization	the tendency of businesses, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the world, or the process of making this happen	26
2777829593	Hierarchy	a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority	27
2777830020	Ideologies	a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy, the science of ideas; the study of their origin and nature	28
2777831131	Imperialism	a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force	29
2777832822	Indentured Servant	A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country	30
2777834332	Industrialization	The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of services and goods	31
2777834552	Kingdom	a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen, the spiritual reign or authority of God, each of the three traditional divisions (animal, vegetable, and mineral) in which natural objects have conventionally been classified	32
2777835494	Manorialism	In the medieval times, the organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors; demesne, serf, or villein holdings, and free peasant land	33
2777835994	Maritime	connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity	34
2777884157	Marxism	the political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism	35
2777884953	Medieval	of or relating to the Middle Ages	36
2777885172	Mercatilism	belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism	37
2777885422	Merchant	A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries or supplying merchandise to a particular trade, a person with a partiality or aptitude for a particular activity or viewpoint, of or relating to merchants, trade, or commerce	38
2777886094	Migration	seasonal movement of animals from one region to another, movement from one part of something to another	39
2777886715	Monotheism	the doctrine or belief that there is only one God	40
2777886972	Nation-State	a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent	41
2777887357	Nationalism	patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts	42
2777887621	Neolithic	of, relating to, or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed	43
2777888333	Nobility	the quality of being noble in character, mind, birth, or rank, the group of people belonging to the noble class in a country, especially those with a hereditary or honorary title	44
2777890815	Nomad	a member of a people having no permanent abode, and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock	45
2777893093	Pandemic	(of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world, an outbreak of a pandemic disease	46
2777893380	Papacy	the office or authority of the pope	47
2777894523	Partition	(especially with reference to a country with separate areas of government) the action or state of dividing or being divided into parts, divide into parts	48
2777894784	Pastoral	(especially of land or a farm) used for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle, (in the Christian Church) concerning or appropriate to the giving of spiritual guidance, a work of literature portraying an idealized version of country life	49
2777895282	Patriarchal	of, relating to, or characteristic of a patriarch, or a system of society or government controlled by men	50
2777895939	Periodization	an act or instance of dividing a subject into historical eras for the purposes of analysis and study	51
2777896120	Political	of or relating to the government or the public affairs of a country	52
2777896325	Polytheism	the belief in or worship of more than one god	53
2777898061	Proletariat	workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism	54
2777898326	Protestantism	the faith, practice, and church order of the Protestant churches	55
2777898583	Rebellion	an act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler	56
2777898824	Reforms	make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it, the action or process of reforming an institution or practice	57
2777899071	Religion	the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods	58
2777899458	Revolution	a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system, an instance of revolving	59
2777899739	Secular	denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis,(of clergy) not subject to or bound by religious rule; not belonging to or living in a monastic or other order, of or denoting slow changes in the motion of the sun or planets, (of a fluctuation or trend) occurring or persisting over an indefinitely long period, occurring once every century or similarly long period (used especially in reference to celebratory games in ancient Rome), a secular priest	60
2777899906	Serf	an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate	61
2777900167	Slave	a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them, to work excessively hard	62
2777900562	Social	of or relating to society or its organization	63
2777900730	Socialism	a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole	64
2777901007	Specialization	The basis of global trade as few countries produce enough goods to be completely self-sufficient	65
2777901495	State	a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government, the civil government of a country, pomp and ceremony associated with monarchy or high levels of government	66
2777901745	Suffrage	the right to vote in political elections, a series of intercessory prayers or petitions	67
2777902136	Technology	the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry	68
2777902273	Textiles	a type of cloth or woven fabric	69
2777902576	Urban	in, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town	70
2777903024	Westernization	a process whereby societies come under or adopt western cultures	71
2777914989	Labor System	a plan or system for utilizing convict labor often authorized by law	72
2777915533	Paleolithic	of, relating to, or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used	73
2777915895	Prehistoric	of, relating to, or denoting the period before written records	74
2777916124	Scribe	a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented	75

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AP World History Dates Flashcards

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2528223628	Olmecs	1200 - 400 BCE	0
2528224963	Chavin	900 - 250 BCE	1
2528226372	Roman Republic	510 - 30 BCE	2
2528226373	Roman Empire	30 BCE - 480 CE	3
2528226374	Hittites	1600 - 1200 BCE	4
2528228851	Assyrians	910 - 610 BCE	5
2528228852	Sumer	5000 - 3000 BCE	6
2528228853	Indus Valley	3000 - 1500 BCE	7
2528230555	Mycenaens	1600 - 1100 BCE	8
2528230556	Minoans	2200 - 1400 BCE	9
2528230557	Phoenicians	1500 - 300 BCE	10
2528232289	Egyptian Old Kingdom	2700 - 2200 BCE	11
2528232290	Egyptian Middle Kingdom	2050 - 1630 BCE	12
2528232299	Egyptian New Kingdom	1530 - 1070 BCE	13
2528233776	Maya	300 - 1000 CE	14
2528233777	Moche	100 - 800 CE	15
2528233778	Ancient Israel	1020 - 930 BCE	16
2528233779	Shang	1760 - 1120 BCE	17
2528233780	Zhou	1120 - 260 BCE	18
2528233781	Han	200 BCE - 220 CE	19
2528235198	Mauryan	320 - 185 BCE	20
2528235199	Achaemenid	560 - 460 BCE	21
2528235200	Confucius	550 - 480 BCE	22
2528236969	Buddha	550 - 460 BCE	23
2528236970	Warring States Period in China	400 - 220 BCE	24
2528238817	Reign of Alexander the Great	340 - 320 BCE	25
2528238818	Beginning of the Silk Road	1st Century CE	26
2528238819	Life of Jesus	1st Century CE	27
2528240523	Founding of Jainism	540 BCE	28
2528240524	Delian League	490 - 320 BCE	29
2528242129	Bantu Migrations	3000 BCE - 1st Century CE	30
2528242130	Bronze Metallurgy in Mesopotamia	2800 BCE	31
2528243174	Iron Metallurgy in Anatolia	1500 BCE	32
2528243175	Gupta	320 - 550	33
2528243176	Inca	1440 - 1535	34
2528244167	Aztec	1430 - 1521	35
2528244168	Mongols	13th Century	36
2528244169	Sultanate of Delhi	1206 - 1526	37
2528245387	Ghana	500 - 1600	38
2528245388	Sui	590 - 620	39
2528245389	Tang	620 - 910	40
2528245390	Song	960 - 1250	41
2528245391	Yuan	1280 - 1370	42
2528245392	Ming	1370 - 1640	43
2528246708	Umayyad	660 - 750	44
2528246709	Abbasid	750 - 900	45
2528246710	Muhammad	570 - 632	46
2528246756	Charlemagne	770 - 810	47
2528249549	Ivan III (unified Russia)	1460 - 1500	48
2528249550	Tamerlane	1370 - 1400	49
2528249551	Spread of Islam	630 - 1750	50
2528251588	Zheng He	1400	51
2528251589	Crusades	1095 - 13th Century	52
2528251590	Plague	14th Century	53
2528251603	Champa Rice in China	960 CE	54
2528253380	Safavid	1500 - 1750	55
2528253381	Mughal	1530 - 1710	56
2528253382	Ottoman	1300 - 1922	57
2528253383	Qing	1640 - 1911	58
2528254464	Tokugawa Shogunate	1650 - 1868	59
2528254465	Songhai	1375 - 1590	60
2528254466	Mali	1230 - 1600	61
2528255798	Queen Elizabeth	1558 - 1603	62
2528255799	Akbar the Great	1556- 1605	63
2528255800	Louis XIV	1643 - 1715	64
2528257367	Peter the Great	1690 - 1775	65
2528257368	Catherine the Great	1760 - 1790	66
2528257369	Suleyman	1520 - 1566	67
2528258558	Copernicus	1473 - 1543	68
2528258559	Fall of Constantinople	1453	69
2528259780	Absolutism	17th Century	70
2528259781	Protestant Reformation	1517	71
2528259782	Beginning of Slave Trade	1500	72
2528262129	Columbian Exchange	1492	73
2528262130	Fall of Inca	1535	74
2528262131	Fall of Aztec	1521	75
2528263549	Vasco da Gama	1497	76
2528265728	Renaissance	15th Century	77
2528265729	Peace of Westphalia	1648	78
2528265730	Fall of Qing	1911	79
2528267209	Fall of Mughals	1710	80
2528267210	Industrialism in England	1750 - 1800	81
2528268635	Industrialism in Continental Europe/US	1800	82
2528268636	Industrialism in Japan	1850	83
2528270238	Emancipation of the serfs in Russia	1861	84
2528270239	13th Amendment	1865	85
2528271719	End of Atlantic Slave Trade	1800	86
2528271720	Opium War	1839 - 1842	87
2528271721	Taiping Rebellion	1853 - 1863	88
2528271722	Bolivar	1783 - 1830	89
2528273066	Juarez	r. 1858 - 1872	90
2528273067	French Revolution	1789 - 1799	91
2528274644	Haitian Revolution	1791 - 1803	92
2528274645	Meiji Restoration	1868	93
2528274646	Congress of Vienna	1815	94
2528276718	American Revolution	1776	95
2528276719	Self-strengthening Movement in China	1890 - 1901	96
2528278428	Tanzimat	1838 - 1876	97
2528278429	Suez Canal	1864	98
2528278430	Panama Canal	1914	99
2528279764	Colonization of Australia	1780	100
2528279765	Shaka Zulu	1816 - 1829	101
2528279766	Colonization of Egypt	1882	102
2528280796	Battle of Adowa	1896	103
2528280797	Railroads in Europe	1829	104
2528282363	Mexican Revolution	1910 - 1920	105
2528282364	Sepoy Rebellion	1857 - 1858	106
2528283471	Crimean War	1854 - 1856	107
2528283472	Berlin West Africa Conference	1885	108
2528283473	Balfour Declaration	1917	109
2528284923	19th Amendment	1920	110
2528286178	May 4th Movement	1919	111
2528286179	Partition of India	1947	112
2528286180	WWI	1914 - 1918	113
2528286181	WWII	1939 - 1945	114
2528287707	Treaty of Versailles	1919	115
2528287708	Long March	1934 - 1935	116
2528287709	Pearl Harbor	1941	117
2528288945	Formation of the UN	1945	118
2528288946	Construction of the Berlin Wall	1961	119
2528290973	US Stock Market Crash	1928	120
2528290974	Russian Revolution	1917	121
2528292523	CIA Coup d'etat in Guatemala	1954	122
2528296608	Founding of the People's Republic of China	1949	123
2528298587	Decolonization of Ghana	1957	124
2528298588	Vietnam War	1955 - 1975	125
2528298589	Gandhi	1869 - 1948	126
2528301332	Indian Independence	1947	127
2528301333	Formation of NATO	1949	128
2528301334	Korean War	1950 - 1953	129
2528301335	Formation of ISrael	1948	130
2528302784	Algerian War of Independence	1954 - 1962	131
2528302785	Great Leap Forward	1958 - 1961	132
2528302786	Cuban Missile Crisis	1962	133
2528304055	Cultural Revolution	1966	134
2528304056	Reign of Pol Pot	1975 - 1979	135
2528304063	Soviets invade Afghanistan	1979 - 1989	136
2528305215	Iranian Revolution	1978 - 1979	137
2528305216	1st Gulf War	1980 - 1988	138
2528306414	2nd Gulf War	1990 - 1991	139
2528306415	Deng Xiaoping's Rise to power	1974	140
2528308682	Juan Peron's Rise to power in Argentina	1976	141
2528308683	Fall of Berlin Wall	1989	142
2528308684	Fall of USSR	1991	143
2528310280	End of apartheid	1994	144

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AP world history chapter 1 Flashcards

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2832725621	Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers	Hunting-and-gathering economies dominated human history until the 9000 B.C.E. These economies helped propel migration over most of the lands of the earth	0
2832741478	Human life before agriculture	As human societies spread geographically over the earth the Hunter-gatherer economy benefited with improved tool use.	1
2832748591	Late Paleolithic Developments	A variety of human typed developed in the paleolithic time period but these were killed off homo sapiens 240000 years ago. Humans today are descendants of this group. all through this time africa into asia europe and finally north american	2
2832770586	The Neolithic Revolution	is the term given to the development of agricultural societies. this revolution in economic. political. and social society organization began in the middle east as early as 10,000 B.C.E and gradually spread to other centers including parts of India,north africa and europe. with this humans were able to settle permanently	3
2832797022	Civilization	6000-3500 B.C.E The word "civilization" comes from the latin "city" form states,writing, cites, and monuments all characterize civilizations. Civilizations also exhibit elaborate trading patterns and extensive political territories. The first civilizations were established the river valley so called because they all developed along side major rivers to secure and adequate water supply	4
2832822622	Tigris-Euphrates civilization	about 3500 B.C.E This Civilization originated in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates in part of the middle east called Mesopotamia it was one of the few civilizations that started from scratch with no examples form any place these accomplishments happened because of the sumericans the most influential people in the Tigris-Euphrates region	5
2832842262	Egyptian Civilizations	Egyptian civilizations emerged in northern Africa along the Nile river by 3000 B.C.E it benefited from trade and influences from Mesopotamia but also distinct social structures and cultural expressions unlike Mesopotamia civilization. Egyptian civilization featured very durable and centralized institutions mathematical achievements and impressive architectural structures also characterized Egyptian civilization form 2700 B.C.E onward	6
2832874795	Indian and Chinese River Valley Civilizations	A prosperous urban civilzations emerged along the indus river by 2500 B.C.E supporting serveral large cities such as harappa. Indus River peoples had trading contacts with mesopotamia but they development a distinctive alphabet and artistic forms. invasions bu the indo- europeans resulted in such complete destruction of this culture civilization along the huanghe (yellow) river in china developed in considerable isolation in addition to th existense of and orginated advanced technology and elaborated intellectual life by about 2000 B.C.E there was a break between the Chinese river valley society..	7
2832915194	The heritage of the River Valley Civilizations	Basic achievements like the wheel. alphabets, mathematics, and divisions of time are vital legacies of the early civilizations. Mesopotamian art and Egyptian architecture influenced Greeks, subsequently the Romans who both passes of much heritage	8
2833072487	in depth: The idea of civilization in the world historical perspective	the belief that there was are fundamental differences between the "civilized" and the "barbarians" is an old widespread one used by the Chinese, american Indians ancient Greeks and modern western Europeans to name just a few. later attempted to define series of stages in human development that ranged "advanced" by the 19th century racial qualities were quantified as qualifiers for position alone the hierarchy of civilization in the 20th century much of that intellectual baggage was eventually discarded	9
2833107334	he First Civilizations	The first Civilization established a pattern of division among the worlds people after homo sapiens sapiens spread to almost every corner of the world then had relatively little contact with each other separate languages and cultures developed but by 1000 B.C.E the Phoenicians traded with Britain and Chinese silk was sold in Egypt overall foure distinct centers of civilizations developed the middle east india, china and egypt each were important with trading writing cities	10
2833134519	Global connections: the early civilizations and the world	the scope and legacy of the first civilizations are unique to geography and other factors. Mesopotamia was flat with few natural barriers to recurrent invasions. Thus the middle east had an active role as an agent for wider connections with other cultures	11
2833145696	Paleolithic or Old stone age	Most of the 2 million plus years during which our species has existed throughout this long time span which runs about 14,000 years ago during this time human species development into homo erectus and later homo sapiens sapiens Greatest achievement was spreading human species all over the earth shpaed rocks and sticks for hunting and warfare	12
2833159360	Mesolithic or middle stone age	this term designates a span of several thousands years from about 12,000 to 8000 B.C.E during which human ability to fashion some took and other implements improved greatly The Mesolithic peoples ability to domestictrate more animals led to an increase in food supply and a subsequent in population growth	13
2833173964	Neolithic Revolution	The neolithic revolution is the term for the invention of agriculture this revolution in economic production began in the middle east as early as 10,000 B.C.E and gradually spread to other centers including india africa europe with agriculture humans began to settle more permanently in one spot and specialize in more religious economic political functions	14
2833188113	Prehistoric	Prehistoric is a term used for human patterns before the invention of writing allowed for the creation of the kinds of records with which historians prefer to study the past this huge span of time includes Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic	15
2833198785	Metalworking	by about 3000 B.C.E metalworking had become common in the middle east like agriculture knowledge of metals gradually fanned out to other parts of asia and to africa and europe Metal working was extremely useful to agricultural and herding societies it allowed creation for more efficient farming tools and better weaponry	16
2833210185	Catal Huyuk	catal huyuk was a Neolithic village located in souther turkey it has been elborately studied by archaeologist and has produced substantial historical data on the political economic and cultural dynamics of the neolithic period	17
2833219832	river valley civilizations	the first civilizations all sprang up alongside of the banks of major rivers in order to irrigate their agricultural fields the first river valley civilizations began in the middle east flourished for many centuries. they created a basic set of tools, intellectual concepts such as writing and mathematics and political forms that world persist and spread to parts andd europe asia and Africa additional most of the river valley civilizations were decline by 1000 B.C.E	18
2833239190	Sumerians	the sumerians were the most influential people of the tigris-euphrates region by about 3500 B.C.E the Sumerians had developed a cuneiform alphabet the first known human writing also developed astronomical sciences, intense religious beliefs and tightly organized city-states they increases the regions agricultural by learning about fertilizers and adopting silver to conduct earl form of commercial exchange eventually they fell to the akkadians who continued the Sumerians cultural	19
2836632739	the shang dynasty	the shang ruled over the huanghe river valley by about 1500 B.C.E these rulers are noted for constructing substantial tombs and palaces the Zhou took over the river from the shang around 1000 B.C.E ruling a loose coalition of regional lords	20
2836642400	Jews	they were the most influential of the smaller middle eastern groups that gave the world the first clearly developed monotheistic religion they settled near the Mediterranean around 1200 B.C.E but never able to from a strong political or military tradition jewish monotheism has sustained a distinctive Jewish culture to our day both developed Christianity and Islam as major world religious	21
2836668789	Neolithic age	time period when people used polished stone artifacts and were farmers	22
2836671537	Bands	Social organization used by hunters-gatherer societies with associations of families not exceeding 25 to 60 people	23
2836679212	Bronze age	subdivision of prehistory based technological advancement in which bronze metalwork was development in the middle east	24
2836686210	Slash and burn agriculture	system of agriculture that allows farmers to grows grain in places it does not naturally grow it involves cutting the forestation of an area which is burned for the purposes of using the ashes as fertilizer fir the deforested area	25
2836693578	Nomands	people with no permanent home but who roam form place to place searching for pasture lands	26
2836696818	Babylonians	One of the amorite kingdoms in mesopotamia whihc development an empire centralized at the city-state of babylon collapsed to foreign invasion	27
2836704971	ideographic	type of written communication in which symbols are used typical of Chinese	28

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