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Chapter 22 Ap World History Flashcards

6367958419	caravels	Ships with triangular sails that could sail against the wind	0
6367958420	Malacca	Port city in the modern Malaysia, founded in 1400 as a trading center.	1
6367958421	Treaty of Gijanti	Signed in 1757; allowed Dutch to monopolize production of coffee on Java.	2
6367958422	Francis Xavier	Early Jesuit missionary; From 1541 he traveled through India, Japan, and the East Indies, making many converts.	3
6367958423	Macao	One of two ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty	4
6367958424	Matteo Ricci	Portuguese Jesuit missionary who ran a Christian mission in China.	5
6367958425	Manchus	Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644.	6
6367958426	Tokugawa Ieyasu	Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established political unity in Japan	7
6367958427	Goa	Goa is a state in western India with coastlines stretching along the Arabian Sea	8
6367958428	Batavia	Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta.	9
6367958429	Luzon	Northern island of Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of major Catholic missionary effort.	10
6367958430	Robert Di Nobili	Italian Jesuit missionary; worked in India during the early 1600s; introduced strategy to convert elites at first; strategy later widely adapted by Jesuits in various parts of Asia; mission eventually failed.	11
6367958431	Canton	One of the 2 port cities where Europeans were permitted to trade with China during the Ming Dynasty.	12
6367958432	Adam Schall	Along with Matteo Ricci, Jesuit scholar in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientist; won few converts to Christianity	13
6367958433	Nobunaga	The first Japanese daimyo to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed the last Ashikaga shogun; unified much of central Honshu; died in 1582.	14
6367958434	Edo	Tokugawa capital city, modern day Tokyo, center of Tokugawa Shogunate	15
6367958435	Asian sea-trading network	prior to intervention of Europeans, consisted of three zones: Arab zone base on glass, carpets, and tapestries: India based on cotton textiles; China based on paper, porcelain, and silks	16
6367958436	Ormuz	Portuguese establishment at the southern end of the Persian Gulf; a major trading base.	17
6367958437	Dutch trading empire	The Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products.	18
6367958438	Mindanao	Southern Island of Philippines; a Muslim kingdom that was able to successfully resist Spanish Conquest.	19
6367958439	Hongwu	First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry	20
6367958440	Zhenghe expeditions	Series of seven overseas trade expeditions under third Ming emperor, Yunglo; led by court eunuch Zhenghe between 1405 and 1433; only Chinese attempt to create worldwide trade empire.	21
6367958441	Chongzhen	last of the Ming rulers; committed suicide in 1644 as rebels invaded the Forbidden City of Beijing.	22
6367958442	Toyotomi Hideyoshi	general under Nobunaga; leading military power in central Japan; broke power of the diamyos; became military master in 1590	23
6367958443	Deshima	Island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter.	24
6367958444	school of National Learning	New ideology that laid emphasis on Japan's unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture.	25

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AP World Chapter 32 Flashcards

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6444260752	Imperial Diet (Political; Pg. )	National assembly of seven electors, non-electoral princes, and representatives from 65 imperial free cities	0
6444261811	Zaibatsu (pg. 904)		1
6444168883	Janissaries (Political; Pg. 883)	Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.	2
6444150329	Muhammad Ali (Political; Pg. 920)	Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952.	3
6444199809	Capitulations (Political; Pg. 882)	agreements with European powers that gave European bankers and merchants unfair advantages in the Ottoan Empire	4
6444201474	Extraterritoriality (Political; Pg. )	Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.	5
6444202828	Mahmud II (Political; Pg. 883)	Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with private army; destroyed power of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents	6
6444202829	Tanzimat Reforms (Political; Pg. 883)	A set of reforms in the Ottoman Empire set to revise Ottoman law to help lift the capitulations put on the Ottomans by European powers.	7
6444205400	Young Ottomans (Cultural, Political; Pg. 884)	Movement of young intellectuals to institute liberal reforms and build a feeling of national identity in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century.	8
6444208365	Abdul Hamid II (Political; Pg. 885)	Sultan that tried to add a representative government; ruled for thirty more years even after that government idea failed	9
6444208366	Young Turks	A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era.	10
6444210028	Constitution of 1876	Stripped the governor and legislature of many powers	11
6444211687	Crimean War	(1853-1856) Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea; intervention by Britain and France cause Russia to lose; Russians realize need to industiralize.	12
6444211688	Tsar Alexander II	He was a Russian Tsar who attempted reform ("Emancipator") but his appeasement (emancipation of serfs and the establishment of Zemstvos) led to his assassination by the People's Will	13
6444215460	Emancipation	(AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free	14
6444218231	Zemstvos	Elected local rural governments that allowed some democracy without weakening the central government.	15
6444221190	Sergei Witte	A tough finance minister who thought that Russia's industrial backwardness was threatening Russia's power and greatness	16
6444224497	Trans-Siberian Railway	built with help of French and British from 1891-1916 it would be the world's longest continuous railway. It connected European Russia with Russian ports on the Pacific Ocean in the east.	17
6444227780	Intelligentsia	intellectuals; members of the educated elit	18
6444229291	Pogroms	Government supported attacks against Jews in Russia	19
6444229292	Nicholas II	Last tsar of Russia, he went to the frontlines in WWI to try to rally the troops, but was forced to abdicate after his wife made horrible decisions under the influence of Rasputin.	20
6444236746	Russo-Japansese war	Japanese attack Russian holdings in Manchuria after years of Russian instigation in Korea (Battle of Port Arthur); Japan complete destroys the Russia Baltic fleet in the Battle of Tsushima Strait; Japan= Great Eastern Empire (major power shift); annexes Korea in 191	21
6444240676	Bloody Sunday	1905, peaceful protest to czar Nicholas II palace, led by Father Gapon, fired on by palace guards, 100s died	22
6444240677	Duma	The elected parliament. Though through establishing this is seemed like the Czar was giving his people power, in reality he could easily get rid of this if they made any laws or such that he didn't like.	23
6444244407	Cohong System	(early 1800s-mid 1800s) foreign merchants deal with specially licensed Chinese firms (cohongs). Merchants paid for Chinese silk, porcelain, lacquerware, tea with silver bullion. Cohongs had all control over foreign trade	24
6444244408	Opium war	1839-1842. Chinese attempted to prohibit the opium trade, British declared war and won against Chinese. Treaty of Nanjing, agreed to open 5 ports to British trade and limit tariffs on British goods and gave Hong Kong.	25
6444246503	Treaty of Nanjing	1842, ended Opium war, said the western nations would determine who would trade with china, so it set up the unequal treaty system which allowed western nations to own a part of chinese territory and conduct trading business in china under their own laws; this treaty set up 5 treaty ports where westerners could live, work, and be treated under their own laws; one of these were Hong Kong.	26
6444248948	Unequal Treaties	trade treaties that China signed under pressure of invasion; gave Western powers trade benefits	27
6444248949	Hong Kong	A British colony in China, received after the first Opium War and returned to China in 1997	28
6444250557	Tributary Empire	Ch. was one - Had neighboring lands pay tribute to it for it was stronger & bigger than them (Middle Kingdom)	29
6444252003	Taiping Rebellion	(1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners.	30
6444253617	Self-Strengthening movement	late 19th century movement in China to counter the challenge from the West; led by provincial leaders	31
6444253618	Empress Cixi	the dowager empress who encouraged and promoted the Boxer rebellion	32
6444257110	Boxer rebellion	1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.	33
6444257111	Admiral Perry	American naval officer who forced Japan into opening its doors to trade, thus bringing western influence to Japan while showing American might	34
6444258867	Tokugawa	this man established a shogunate that would dominate Japan for hundreds of years	35
6444258868	Bakufu	military-style government of the Japanese shogun	36
6444260751	Meiji Reforms	returned authority to the Japanese emperor, birth of modern Japan, attempted to industrialize Japan, westernize it, sent people abroad to study, constitutional monarchy was formed	37

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4353530301	Neolithic revolution and Civilization	shift from hunting and gathering to relying in the success of cultivation of crops and domestication of animals resulted in -increase of reliable food supplies -rapid increase in total human population -job specialization -widening of gender differences -distinction between settled people and nomads these changes led to development of civilizations characterized as -large cities -architecture and public building projects -complex political organization -written language -advanced art and literature -long distance trade there were advantages and disadvantages for civilizations advantages were -development of skills art inventions and literature,economic and political coordinated cities,protection,improving quality of life disadvantages were -class and gender distinctions,overproduction,increase outside attacks, and disease	0
4353625040	periodization	agricultural and technological development-small groups practicing crop cultivation and domestication early civilization development- cities,"river valley" civilizations-mesopatamia,Egypt,indus valley,Shang china river valley characteristics-along rivers for crops and transportation,irrigation systems,legal codes,currency,written language, a number system,calendars, and social inequality	1
4353646966	nomads and migrations	lots of kingdoms and empires were founded by nomadic groups 3 major migrations: Phoenicians, israelities, and aryans	2
4353886904	classical civilizations	after the decline in river valley civilizations "classical age" these civilizations differ in that they kept better records,were root civilizations,expansionist, and much larger: the Mediterranean, china, and india features:patriarchal family structure,agriculture based economies, complex governments,expanding trade	3
4353905186	global trade	during the classical era trade increased along with diffusion of technology, heads and goods. the routes these things were traded on were:the silk road, the indian ocean trade, saharan trade, sub-saharan trade.	4
4353919214	fall of the empires	han china fell around 220 ce, roman empire 476 ce, and gupta in 550 ce similarities: all suffered attacks from the huns political corruption, trouble maintaining borders, and disease from trade routes resulted in disrupted trade, increase if religious importance and decrease in political authority, and political disunity	5
4353937921	hinduism	polytheism aryans brought to india around 2000bce, belief that spirt guides all life on earth and the sports desire is to be reunited with the universal spirit, this religion was tied in with indian caste system reincarnation-spirits are reborn in different people karma-cause and effect pattern based on if an individual fulfills their lives duties with effect their next life dharma-duties attached to each caste position highest most sought after goal to be reunited with the universal spirit	6
4353955990	buddhism	began in india during the 6th century, founded by siddhartha guatama also known as buddha, buddha created enlightenment reforms based on the tenets od buddhism: the four noble truths, and the eightfold path	7
4353962133	confucianism	emerged in china during the warring states period between the zhou and han dynasties by confucius created a plan to reestablish order in china emphasized on harmony order and obedience and creation of 5 relationships: emperor and subject father and son older brother and younger brother husband and wife friend and friend also said the best man is the one who is kind and loyal to the family	8
4353979531	daoism	founded by laozi in the 4th century, dao- way of life basically says to live life simply and dont create governenmnets that the less government the better along with confucianism encouraged self knowledge and acceptance. reflective and retrospective	9
4353985417	legalism	third belief system that arose from the warring states time period contrasting highly to other beliefs. no concern with ethics morality, or property and cared nothing about human nature or governing principles of the world, emphasized on the importance of law	10
4353998704	judaism	first monotheistic religion belief in a covenant with god and the jewish people, 10 commandments set rules for relationships among humans,jews didn't seek to convert others remains a small religion known as a root religion	11
4354010502	christianity	grew out of judaism,founded by jesus of nazareth. belief in the 2nd coming of christ the messiah who will restore the jewish kingdom and that those who followed christian precepts would have life after death	12
4354028871	changes and major events of period 3	changes-mass migrations,imperial conquest,cross cultural trade and exchange major events belief systems became more important than political organizations the bedouins and mongols impact on history islam spreading to middle east, northern africa, Europe , and southeast asia europe becoming a world power empires developing in south america and mesoamerica long distance trade and complexity of trade increased	13
4354043822	spread of islam	factors that led to spread of islam well disciplined armies weakness of byzantine and persian empires treatment of conquered peoples	14
4354051519	sunni ans she'a split	arab trivs fought with each other for centuries resulting in splits like sunni and shi'a sunni-wanted peace,beleived that the caliph should continue to be selected from muslin leaders shi'a- believed the caliph should be related to the prophet, rejected the umayyads authority, and sought to revenge ali's death	15
4354062957	status of women	women had rights like inheriting property, ability to divorce husbands ,ability to engage in business in the qur'an all people are equal. but it also controlled women social and sexual life like they could only have one husband but a husband can have four wives	16
4354074824	arts sciences and technologies	ulama and quads bridged the cultural differences and spread islam values through the dar al islam madrassas appeared in 10th century. islamic states adapted mathematics using the concept of zero. ibn Khaldun wrote a history of the world Nasir aldrin studied the stars	17
4354095175	african societies and empires	in 640 islam spread into africa and many african rulers began converting to the new religion and centralizing states began to form between 600-1450 major empires began to form ghana, mali, and the swahilli city states	18
4354104880	christian crusades	pope urban called for the christian crusades basically invading christian middle east to take holy lands. resulted in conflict no permanent gains for christens and constaintanople being taken over by muslims in 1453 an renamed istanbul	19
4354111561	MONGOLS!!!!!	mongol invasions most influential set of events in world history.mongols were a nomadic group from central asia that swept south and east conquered china,india, the middle east, and part of russia. ruled the largest empire ever assembled in all of world history	20
4354125950	tang and song	economic revolutions characteristics of these revolutions: increasing agricultural productions increasing populations urbanization technological innovations and lastly financial inventions	21
4354137159	neo-confuncianism	conflict between buddhism and confucianism during the late tang dynasty that calmed down under the song because of the development of this. important because influence phycological thought in china, korea, vietnam and japan.	22
4354169525	korea and japan	korean silla dynasty recognized the tang emperor as his overlord. chinese influence diffused into korea, then chances influence diffused into japan on the other hand japan remained unique in ways like shintoism and separation of imperial power from real political power	23
4354178943	feudalism in japan and Europe	similarities: system grounded in political values that embraced all participants,idea of mutual ties was strong, feudalism was highly militaristic with values like courage and family alliances and loyalty differences: Japanese feudalism relied on a group and individual loyalties and legacy was a group on which decision making teams were linked into the state european feudalism ties sealed by contracts. legacy was on the reliance on parliamentary institutions in which participations could discuss and defend legal interest against the central monarch	24
4354198217	byzantine empire	west was falling to germanic invasions in the 4th and 5th centuries ce eastern was fine since it withstood fewer attacks it survived for a millennium after the west fell becoming powerful christian empire until it fell to ottoman turks in 1453	25
4354206158	church in the west	during the political and economic decentralization of western europe the catholic church emerged as a unifying institution with great religious,political,and economic power it established its influence in many ways development of a church hierarchy establishment of wandering ministries the establishment of monasteries refuge for those in trouble communication to the central church hierarchy centers of scholarship,education, and libraries	26
4354224374	demographic and environmental changes	era from 600-1450 ce time when civilization spread geographically. also a time of great migration arabs turks vikings mongols bantu all moved from one place to another changing places as they went along	27
4354237565	periodization period 4	characteristics of 1450-1750 include globe being encompassed sea based trade arose european kingdoms emerged that gained world power relative power of nomadic groups declined labor systems were transformed gunpowder empires emerged in the middle east and Asia	28
4354249058	major developments of 1450-1750	changes in trade, technology and global interactions major wartime and gunpowder empires slave systems and slave trade demographic and environmental changes cultural and intellectual development	29
4354255903	european exploration	kingdoms in europe were motivated to venture to open seas by the profit from commercial operations and the spread of christianity	30
4354262399	early spanish expeditions	conquest of the americas diaz, de gama, and columbus and other european explorers did was spark the new era of world trade and cross cultural exchange. these expeditions led to increase prosperity and power for european nations all this exploring led to the treaty of tordesillas which drew a line through north and south atlantic giving portugal lands east and spain lands west	31
4354363889	the great circuit and the columbian exchange	trade routes that papered in the atlantic ocean during this time period known as the great circuit the great circuit connected north america south america,Europe, and africa. these routes were circular and complex. the cross cultural exchange that developed along the great circuit was known as the columbian exchange which included lots of items that changed diets and work habits around the world	32
4354380159	absolutism v. constitutionalism	spain and france developed into absolute monarchies absolutism was basically backed by the belief that kings had the god given right to govern alone without any say. as opposed to in england and the netherlands where limitations were put on the rulers power like in the magna carta.	33
4354404866	social and gender structures	with the growth of trade came an increase of cities and population the increase in population led to many changes those being the rise of the bourgeoisie growth in the gap between rich and poor and changes in marriage agreements	34
4354413236	the muslim empires	political power o muslim lands crushed by the mongol invasions but in new era the 3 new empires that emerged the ottoman, safavid, and the mughal supported flowering of islamic civilizations. the 3 empires competed which led to political divisions and military clashes similarities between the empires that led to their fall inadequate transportation and communication systems unruly warrior elites and bureaucracies and the rise of european rivals	35
4354435355	the ming dynasty	ming emperors controlled china until mid 1600's chinas ming dynasty faced problems muslim empires faced as well border issues trouble maintaining armies transportation and communication issues and some factors that weaker ming china itself were climate change nomadic invasions pirates decline of silk road and inept rulers	36
4354448038	tokugawa japan	gunpowder empire feudalistic leaders unified under one powerful family the shoguns had less patience than chins did with christian missionaries worried europeans might conspire with daimyo to take japan down so basically cut off everyone from entering the country and stopped allowing people to leave the country	37
4354461431	the russian empire	peter the great rule from late 17th century to early 18th century strengthened russia by westernizing it he instituted multiple reforms to do so military reform building and infrastructure expansion of territory reorganizaton of the bureaucracy and relocation of the capital he transformed russia and left behind a new dynamic in russian society	38
4354473846	slave trade and slave systems	slavery existed between african nations but when it became part of atlantic trade it was transformed. african laves were traded to two areas of th world: the western hemisphere an the islamic lands in the middle east and india	39
4354485712	periodization period 5	important characteristics 1750-1914 european dominance of long distance trade have, and have not countries created by industrialization inequalities among regions increase due to imperialism political revolutions inspired by democracy and desire for independence	40
4354493783	the industrial revolution	crossed national borders, changed development of countries impacted in multiple areas transformed the world effecting lives all areas of the globe began in england in the late 18th century divided the world into have and have not countries increased britains power which helped with colonization	41
4354515971	changes in social class	major social change brought by the industrial revolution was creation of a large middle class or bourgeoisie. members generally had comfortable lifestyles and concerned wit being seen as higher social class than factory workers. they valued hard work,ambition and individual responsibility.these distinctions were backed by social-darwinism	42
4354535914	american revolution	began when american colonist resisted britains attempt to impose new taxes and trade control after the french and indian war.colonial leaders set up new government and issued the declaration of independence in 1776	43
4354547426	the french revolution	a civil war against the old kingdom that had risen over the centuries. the king ha absolute power an social classes were divided up between the clergy the nobility and the third estate the problem was it was unevenly distributed giving the third estate the largest of the three no real political power the revolution was very bloody and for a point in time there was literally a reign of terror but after all of it democracy was established in france	44
4354566204	ideologies	conservatism-supported return of absolute monarchy and disapproved the revolutions liberalism-republican democracy, elected elite, freedom and liberty but not equality radicalism-drastic changes in government,emphasized more on equality than freedom, concerned with narrowing gap between rich and poor	45
4354579978	imperialism	goals of imperialism obtain natural resources,acquire wealth,surpass enemies, increase power and glory types of imperialism colonial imperialism economic imperialism political imperialism and socio-cultural imperialism	46
4354590663	periodization period 6	characteristics of 1900-1914 redefining and repositioning of the west increase in international contacts the democratic transition changes in belief systems questioning of systems of equality	47
4354598944	world war 1	militarism, nationalism, alliances, and imperialism were the causes of ww1. spark for the war was the assassination of the archduke of franz ferdinand heir to the austrian throne by the black hand which had a domino effect starting the war versiallies treaty held in france, to shape a treaty that would determine punishments for germany whom was solemnly held responsible for ww1	48
4354616326	decolonization	in africa movement was started by african leaders fighting for independence for african colonies there was conflict including border disputes, race conflict, and clash between europeans and natives for political and economic power the ANC formed in south africa in 1912 led to a struggle against apartheid which led to african independence in 1994 when nelson mandela became the first native south african president	49

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AP World History Flashcards

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3501460500	Napoleon Bonaparte	Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.	0
3501460501	Congress of Vienna	An international conference (1814-15) held at Vienna after Napoleon's banishment to Elba, with Metternich as the dominant figure, aimed at territorial resettlement and restoration to power of the crowned heads of Europe.	1
3501460502	Haitian Revolution	The only fully successful slave rebellion in world history; the uprising in the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue (later renamed Haiti) was sparked by the French Revolution and led to the establishment of an independent state after a long and bloody war (1791-1804).	2
3501460503	Latin American Revolution	Latin American wars of independence, the 18th- and 19th-century revolutionary wars against European colonial rule that led to the independence of the Latin American states. Any of the other revolutions and rebellions that have taken place in Latin America during and since European colonial rule, in the 20th century.	3
3504789700	Nationalism	the belief that people's greatest loyalty should be to the nation of people who share a common culture and history instead of to the king	4
3504789701	Otto Von Bismarck	Prime Minister of prussia, then chancellor of German Empire Responsible for unity in 1871	5
3504789702	Giuseppe Garibaldi	Italian military and nationalist leader; he unified the southern states of Italy and joined them to the north to form the united kingdom of Italy.	6
3504789703	Camillo di Cavour	Italian statesman and premier of the kingdom of Sardinia; architect of the Italian unification movement in the late 1800s.	7
3669813990	Imperialism	A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.	8
3669813991	Social Darwinism	The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.	9
3669813992	Sepoy Rebellion (Mutiny)	Imperialism in India; The British commanders were forcing Indian soldiers to use their mouth on the cartridges which were greased with cow and pig fat; This was against religious beliefs and led to an uprising by the Sepoys (or Indian soldiers); easily won by the British and this led to the end of the East India Company	10
3669813993	Berlin Conference	A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules about the colonization of Africa. They disregarded cultural/ethnic/tribal lines.	11
3669813994	Opium Wars	Opium War European merchants bought lots from China but sold little to them; Europe had very little affect on China's economic system; to balance this merchants began to bring opium to China even though it was illegal; This greatly disrupted the Chinese economic system and ended with the Treaty of Nanjing	12
3669813995	Treaty of Nanking	First of the unequal treaties; Hong Kong becomes a British colony and it opened five Chinese ports to the British for trade and residence	13
3669813996	Boxer Rebellion	Also known as The Boxer Uprising, this was the popular peasant uprising in China (supported nationally), that blamed foreign people and institutions for the loss of the traditional Chinese way of life. "Boxers" were traditionally skilled fighters that attacked Westerners, beginning with Christian missionaries.	14
3669813997	Spheres of Influence	A geographical area where one country, state, empire, etc. is very dominant and controlling. Controlling group often brings their own customs, political ideas, and so on.	15
3939063260	Causes of WWI (LT & ST)	Nationalism: Bosnians and Serbians were very nationalistic, and the Bosnians(Serbs that were living in Bosnia at the time) wanted to seperate from Austris-Hungary and join Serbia. Alliances:In 1914, France and Germany were looking for Alliances. So France joined Britain and Russia = Triple Entente/Allies. Germany joined with Austris-Hungary and Italy=Triple Alliances/Central Powers. (Note: Italy left the Triple Alliances to join the Allies, when they thought that Germany would lose.) Imperialism:Many countries wanted to acquire land and colonies far away for various reasons. Britain had the largest empire, and other countries wanted colonies for themselves. This was due to industrialism (=more interest in colonies) Militarism: Britain had a strong military, and navy. It was possibly the strongest there was back then. Germany knew this and started to create a navy that could rival Britains. Other countries got suspicious of this and wondered what Germany was up to.	16
3939063261	Treaty of Versailles	In June 1919, the peacemakers summoned representatives of the new German Republic to the palace of Versailles outside Paris. The Germans were ordered to sign the treaty drawn up by Allies. German reparations would come to over $30 billion dollars. They were forced to assume full responsibility for causing the war.	17
3939063262	League of Nations	an international organization formed to ensure peace among nations. More than 40 nations joined.They agreed to negotiate disputes rather than resort to war.	18
3939063263	Armenian Genocide	(1915) During World War I, as the Ottoman Turkish empire fought Russian forces, some of the Armenian minority sided with the Russians. Turkey took revenge killing possibly over a million Armenians.	19
3939063264	Zionism	a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel. It was established as a political organization in 1897 under Theodor Herzl, and was later led by Chaim Weizmann.	20
3939063265	Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)	was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey.	21
4043294295	Vladimir Lenin	Vladimir Lenin was founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and architect and first head of the Soviet state. Vladimir Lenin - Early Life (TV-14; 03:10) At an early age, Vladimir Lenin was exposed to the ideas and actions that would form his communist thinking.	22
4043294296	NEP	New Economic Policy; limited revival of capitalism especially w/ agriculture/industry; introduced by Lenin to repair damage from Civil War and Communism	23
4043294297	Joseph Stalin	Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign.	24
4043294298	Collectivization	Hundereds of familys worked on farms for the goverment to boost food production	25
4043294299	Sun Yixian	Chinese statesman who organized the Kuomintang and led the revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty in 1911 and 1912 (1866-1925)	26
4043294300	21 Demands	Twenty-one Demands, (Jan. 18, 1915), claims made by the Japanese government to special privileges in China during World War I. The major European powers, which already enjoyed similar privileges in China, could not oppose Japan's move because of their involvement in the war.	27
4043294301	Long March	Long March definition. An important event in the history of the Chinese communists. Driven from southern and eastern China by Chiang Kai-shek at the end of the 1920s, the communist leader Mao Zedong led his forces on a long march to safety in the northwest part of China.	28
4043294302	Kuomintang (Nationalist party)	1912, Chinese nationalist party founded by Sun Yat-Sen, led after 1925 by Chiang Kai-Shek; from kuo "nation, nationalist" + min "people" + tang "party." Kuomintang in Culture Expand.	29
4043294303	Mao Zedong (policies included)	was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he governed as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His Marxist-Leninist theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought.	30
4043294304	Causes of the Mexican Revolution	The Mexican Revolution was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Díaz , who, all told, stayed in office for thirty one years. During that span, power was concentrated in the hands of a select few; the people had no power to express their opinions or select their public officials. Wealth was likewise concentrated in the hands of the few, and injustice was everywhere, in the cities and the countryside alike.	31
4043294305	1917 Constitution (Mexico)	Key components: national ownership of subsoil resources, committed government program of land redistribution, Catholic church could not own property or operate primary schools, members of clergy could not hold office or vote, recognized principles of minimum wage and maximum hours, social security system	32
4229020813	Mohandas Gandhi	Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. He became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920. He appealed to the poor,led nonviolent demonstrations against British colonial rule, and was jailed many times. Soon after independence he was assassinated for attempting to stop Hindu-Muslim rioting.	33
4229020814	passive resistance	nonviolent opposition to authority, especially a refusal to cooperate with legal requirements. "they called for protest in t	34
4229020815	Partition of India	The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan (it later split into the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh) and the Union of India (later Republic of India) on 15 August 1947.	35
4229020816	Fascism	an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.	36
4229020817	Appeasement	the action or process of appeasing. "a policy of appeasement"	37
4229020818	Munich Conference	The Munich Conference came as a result of a long series of negotiations. Adolf Hitler had demanded the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia; British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain tried to talk him out of it.	38
4229020819	Blitzkrieg	A German term for "lightning war," blitzkrieg is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower. Its successful execution results in short military campaigns, which preserves human lives and limits the expenditure of artillery.	39

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Stearns AP World History chapter 3 Flashcards

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407370710	Indus river valley	river flows from sources in the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization.	0
407370711	monsoons	seasonal winds crossing the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia; during the summer they bring rain.	1
407370712	Harappan civilization	first civilization of the Indian subcontinent; emerged in Indus river valley ca. 2500 B.C.E.	2
407370713	Harass and-Dar	major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern.	3
407370714	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization.	4
407370715	Vedas	Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally; written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.	5
407370716	India	chief deity of the Aryans; depicted as a hard-drinking warrior.	6
407370717	daises	Aryan name for indigenous people of the Indus river valley region; regarded as societally inferior to Aryans.	7
407370718	caste system	rigid system of social classification introduced by Aryans.	8
407370719	varnas	clusters of caste groups; four social castes: brahmans (priests), warriors, merchants, peasants; beneath them were the untouchables.	9
407370720	polygamy	marriage practice in which one husband had several wives; present in Aryan society.	10
407370721	polyandry	marriage practice in which one woman had several husbands; recounted in Aryan epics.	11
407370722	patrilineal	social system in which descent and inheritance is passed through the male line; typical of Aryan society.	12
407370723	Huanghe river	river flowing from the Tibetan plateau to the China Sea; its valley was site of early Chinese sedentary agricultural communities.	13
407370724	Ordos bulge	located on Huanghe river; region of fertile soil; site of Yangshao and Longshan cultures.	14
407370725	loess	fine-grained soil deposited in Ordos bulge; created fertile lands for sedentary agricultural communities. Yangshao culture: a formative Chinese culture located at Ordos bulge ca. 2500 to 2000 B.C.E.; primarily an intensive hunting and gathering society supplemented by shifting cultivation.	15
407370726	Longshan culture	a formative Chinese culture located at Ordos bulge ca. 2000 to 1500 B.C.E; based primarily on cultivation of millet.	16
407370727	Yu	a possibly mythical ruler revered for construction of a system of flood control along the Huanghe river valley; founder of Xia kingdom.	17
407370728	Xia	China's first, possibly mythical, kingdom; ruled by Yu; no archaeological sites yet discovered.	18
407370729	Shang	1st Chinese dynasty; capital in Ordos bulge.	19
407370730	vassal retainers	members of former ruling families granted control over peasant and artisan populations of areas throughout Shang kingdom; indirectly exploited wealth of their territories.	20
407370731	extended families	consisted of several generations, including sons and grandsons of family patriarch and their families; typical of Shang China elites.	21
407370732	nuclear households	husband, wife, and their children, and perhaps a few other relatives; typical of Chinese peasantry.	22
407370733	oracles	shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing.	23
407370734	ideographic writing	pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing.	24
407370735	Zhou	originally a vassal family of the Shang; possibly Turkic in origin; overthrew Shang and established 2nd Chinese dynasty.	25
407370736	Xian and Loyang	capitals of the Zhou dynasty.	26
407370737	feudalism	social organization created by exchanging grants of land (fiefs) in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises of loyal service; typical of Zhou dynasty.	27
407370738	Mandate of Heaven	the divine source of political legitimacy in China; established under Zhou to justify overthrow of Shang.	28
407370739	shi	probably originally priests; transformed into corps of professional bureaucrats because of knowledge of writing during Zhou dynasty.	29

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AP World History Midterm Flashcards

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3644970479	Neolithic Revolution	Characterized by use of stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding, the domestication of plants or animals, establishment of permanent villages, and practice of pottery and weaving	0
3644970480	Mesopotamia	Had a number system based on 10,60, and 360	1
3644970481	Mesopotamia	Used cuneiform	2
3644970482	Mesopotamia	Had ziggurats	3
3644970483	Mesopotamia	On the Tigris and Euphrates river, Modern Iraq	4
3644982255	Mesopotamia	created concept of hell	5
3644970484	Egypt	Most accurate calendar	6
3644970485	Mandate of Heaven	Granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly	7
3644970486	Indus	Had a powerful priestly class that ruled from the citadel	8
3644970487	Indus	Their stone seals were found in Mesopotamia	9
3644970488	Indus	Their writing is still undeciphered	10
3644970489	Aryans	This group migrated/invaded and merged with the Indus valley people	11
3644970490	Harappa	City in the Indus Valley which was centrally planned on a square grid pattern and had city walls, toilets, wells, and brick lined sewers	12
3644970491	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who publicized a series of laws	13
3644996219	polytheism	believed in more than one god	14
3644970492	Brahma	Hindu creator god	15
3644970493	Vishnu	Hindu preserver god	16
3644970494	Shiva	Hindu creation and destruction god	17
3644970495	Ganesha	Hindu god of knowledge and wealth	18
3644970496	Torah	Holy book of Judaism	19
3644970497	Moses	Founder of Judaism	20
3644970498	Confucius/Kongzi	Founder of Confucianism	21
3644970499	Analects	Collection of Confucian ideas	22
3644970500	Xiao(confucianism	"Filial Piety" Obedience from children to parents	23
3644970501	Ren(confucianism	Attitude of kindness and benevolence	24
3644970502	Li(confucianism	Sense of propriety	25
3644970503	Junzi(confucianism	"superior individuals" People who had xiao, ren, and li would gain influence	26
3644970504	Laoizi	Founder of Daoism	27
3644970505	Dao	"the way of nature" or "the cosmos"	28
3644970506	Wuwei(daoism	Refrain from affairs of the world	29
3644970507	Siddhartha Gautama	Founder of Buddhism	30
3644970508	The Four Noble Truths	All life is suffering, there is an end to suffering, remove desires to remove suffering, can be done through the Eight Fold Path	31
3644970509	Nirvana	Ultimate goal of Buddhism	32
3644970510	Boddhisatvas	Saints of Buddhism	33
3644970511	Zoroastrianism	Founder Zoroaster; cosmic conflict between good and evil; originated in Iran (Persia)	34
3644970512	Ahuramazda	God of Zoroastrianism "the wise lord"	35
3644970513	Polis	Greek urban centers dominating surrounding rural areas	36
3644970514	Acropolis	Greek fortified top for refuge	37
3644970515	Sparta	Greek highly militarized polis that valued austerity	38
3644970516	Athens	Greek polis with a democratic government	39
3644970517	Delian League	Led by Athens; Started to forestall Persian attacks	40
3644970518	Persian Wars	Revolt against Persian Empire. Included the Battle of Marathon and Thermopylae	41
3644970519	Peloponnesian Wars	Civil war between Athens and Sparta	42
3645036673	alexandria		43
3644970520	Republic	Type of government that gave control to consuls elected by patricians	44
3644970521	Consuls	Government officials with civil and military power; served for only one year	45
3644970522	Senators	Wealthy patricians with political experience; advised consuls and ratified decisions	46
3644970523	Latifundia	Enormous Roman plantations	47
3644970524	Twelve Tables	Roman law; still used today (innocent until proven guilty, challenge accusers)	48
3644970525	Pax Romana	"Roman Peace"	49
3644970526	Qin Dynasty	Chinese dynasty that lasted only 14 years and was governed by Legalist principles	50
3644970527	Shi Huangdi	Qin ruler who built the Great wall, executed hundreds of scholars, and is guarded by a Terra Cotta army in his tomb	51
3644970528	Han Dynasty	Chinese Dynasty with Confucianism ideology and education system	52
3644970529	Lui Bang	First Han ruler. Was peasantly and denounced harshness	53
3644970530	Socrates	Came up with a questioning method, taught Plato, and was forced to drink Hemlock	54
3644970531	Plato	Wrote the Republic (ideal society). wrote down Socratic thought	55
3644970532	Pericles	Highpoint of Athenian democracy, Made massive public works and encourage cultural development and assembly of all citizens	56
3644970533	Darius	Persian king who seized the throne with 10,000 immortals. Made 23 provinces	57
3644970534	Satrap	governors of 23 provinces made by the Persian king Daruis	58
3644970535	Royal Roads	Persian roads connecting outlying provinces	59
3644970536	Aristotle	Student of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great, "the master of those who know" dependent on reason. Studied biology, astronomy, ethics, psychology, etc.	60
3644970537	Constantine	Roman empire who reunited the roman empire and moved the capital to Constantinople; made Christianity a favored religion	61
3644970538	Alexander the Great	Tutored by Aristotle. Alexandria, Egypt named after him. Conquered Persia, Egypt and made pharaoh, turned back in India	62
3644970539	Julius Ceasar	Escapes Sulla and attacks Rome. Names himself dictator . Centralizes the military, gives land to veterans, does many building projects, gives citizenship to provinces, and eventually assassinated	63
3644970540	Augustus	Also known as Octavian. Fights Mark Antony and Cleopatra (battle of Actium). "Monarchy disguised as a Republic"	64
3644970541	Asoka	High point of Mauryan Empire, converted to Buddhism (felt bad about how many people he killed) Built many roads and wrote edicts on stone pillars (earliest decipherable Indian writing	65
3645036674	confucius	chinese thinker and founder of confucianishm who addressed political and social problems. also known as Kong Fuzi	66
3644970542	Paul of Tarsus	Extended teachings far beyond Jewish circles; epistles; travel along roads and sea lanes	67
3644970543	Chang'an	Capital of Sui Dynasty	68
3645330600	xia dynasty	1st,	69
3644970544	Sui dynasty	6th, Chinese dynasty that built the Grand Canal linking the Yellow and Yangtze River	70
3645252656	shang dynasty	2nd, warlike nomads ad advanced technology	71
3644970545	Neo-Confucianism	Renaissance of the Confucian tradition during Song Dynasty; influenced with Buddhism	72
3645334530	zhou dynasty	3rd, mandate of heaven	73
3644970546	Tale of Genji	Japanese story about court aristocrats living in splendor, composing poems, attaining flowers, and conducting love Affairs	74
3644970547	Shoguns	Japanese military rulers	75
3644970548	Samurai	Japanese professional warriors specialized in the Art of fighting, bushido, and serving daimyos and shoguns	76
3644970549	Franks	Most successful of the Germanic tribes who conquered Gaul and converted to Christianity after Clovis	77
3644970550	Missi Dominici	"Envoys of the lord ruler" kept counts under control	78
3644970551	Feudalism	Social and political order of mideval Europe	79
3644970552	Carolingian dynasty	Started by Charles "the hammer" Martel. Brought temporary unity to parts of Western Europe but eventually divided among 3 sons	80
3644970553	Vikings	From the village of Vik, Norway. They had skinny boats that could go through rivers and they attacked and plundered villages and cities	81
3644970554	Caesaropapism	Power centralized in figure of emperor. Emperor was a secular lord but also had a big role in ecclesiastical affairs (Byzantine empire)	82
3644970555	Constantinople	Most important European city throughout this time period; Constantine moves capital here	83
3644970556	Hagia Sophia	Grand choice built by justinian	84
3644970557	Themes	Printed under control of generals; response to challenge of Islam (Byzantine empire)	85
3644970558	Bezant	Byzantine coin served as a currency of Mediterranean basin	86
3644970559	Roman Catholic church	Western part of the schism. Had a papacy and supported icons	87
3644970560	Orthodox church	Easters part of schism. Had a patriarch; iconoclasm	88
3644970561	Al-Andalus	Example of harmony and tolerance between Muslims, Jews, and Christians. Islamic learning available to Christian Europe	89
3644970562	Ghana	Center of African gold trade. Capital: koumbi-saleh. Synthesized islam with local traditions. Fell to powerful empire	90
3644970563	Kilwa	One of the busiest Swahili city-states. It was the farthest south that ships could sail and return in one monsoon season	91
3644970564	Axum	I'm Ethiopia. Merchants there and then kings concerted to Christianity. Becomes isolated driving Islamic period and develops independently (spirit world, amulets to protect from evil spirits)	92
3644970565	Great Zimbabwe	Capital of Zimbabwe. City of stone towers, palaces, public buildings. Controlled gold trade routes, but eventually abandoned for unknown reasons	93
3644970566	Bantu	African people who governed themselves through family and kinship groups. Settled south of the equator. Know for their agriculture, spread of herding, and iron metallurgy	94
3644970567	Sundiata	Founder of Mali. Hard child on, spared when rest of family killed because appears as not a threat but exiled, and comes home and conquers	95
3644970568	Mansa musa	High point of Mali empire. Performed the hajj	96
3644970569	Marco polo	Hosted by khubilai khan during the Mongol empire	97
3644970570	Charlemagne	Grandson of Charles Martel. Centralized imperial rule, illiterate buy sponsored extensive scholarship, and had counts and missi Dominci	98
3644970571	Justinian	"Sleepless emperor" wife named Theodora. Handled Nika revolt, made Justinian code, built Hagia Sophia, and took Roman law and added tonic	99
3644970572	Ibn battuta	Philosopher who studied Aristotle. Shaped Islamic philosophy and European scholasticism which harmonized Christian thought and Aristotle	100
3644970573	Harun al-rashid	High point of Abbasid dynasty. Supported artists and writers, gave gifts to his favorites, and gave money to the poor	101
3644970574	St. Methodius and cyril	Created Cyrillic alphabet	102
3644970575	Genghis khan	"Universal ruler" brought all Mongol tribes into one confederation, and performed many military compaigns, massive killings, and empire building	103
3644970576	Dar al Islam	"House of Islam" (Islamic world)	104
3644970577	Qadi	Islamic "judges" heard cases and rendered decisions based on quran and sharia law	105
3644970578	Ulama	"People with religious knowledge" developed a public policy according to Quran and sharia law	106
3644970579	Shariah	Guidance on proper behavior in all aspects of life including: marriage, slavery, business, crime, politics, etc	107
3644970580	Quran	Islamic holy book. Means "recitation" Arabic, written in 650s after Muhammad's death	108
3644970581	Sunni	Branch of Islam. Believe rulers don't have to be descendants from Ali	109
3644970582	Shia	Branch of Islam. Believed descendants of Ali should be rulers and interpreted the Quran to support their views	110
3644970583	Sufi	Islamic Mystics	111
3644970584	Hijra	Muhammad's migration to medina. Marks the beginning of Muslim calendar	112
3644970585	Caravanserais	Rest stops for merchants, missionaries, and pilgrims In Islamic world	113
3644970586	Masadras	Formal educational institutions located in cities that prompted Islamic values	114
3644970587	Jizya	Special tax on those who didn't concert to Islam (Umayyad dynasty)	115
3644970588	Ummayad	Islamic dynasty. Capital at Damascus. Ruled by Arab military aristocracy. People were allowed to observe their own religion, but discontent of conquered people and Muslim Arab military leaders caused it to fall	116
3644970589	Abbasids	Islamic dynasty. Founded by Abu al-Abbas. "Cosmopolitan" it's capital was at Baghdad and it Wasn't a conquering dynasty. Later conquered by Mongols	117
3645182201	Alexandria	capital of egypt, founded at the mouth of the nile, their administrative headquarters, cultural capital city of the hellenstic world, famous library, megapolis	118
3645198793	leif ericson	viking, eric the reds son, made several voyages to greenland and canada, calling it vinland.	119
3645219666	Vladimir the great	prince vladimir of kiev, converted to orthodox christianity, established caesaropapism	120
3645261093	mongols	conquest of china- most difficult lasting 70 years	121
3645350281	tang dynasty	7th, the golden age	122
3645347846	yuan dynasty	9th, the mongols	123
3645283722	kowtow	bowing and delivering of gifts in tang dynasty	124
3645292204	first pillar of islam	acknowledge allah a as one god and mohammed as messenger	125
3645295293	second pillar of islam	pray 5x a day towards mecca	126
3645297532	third pillar of islam	alms to poor	127
3645300020	fourth pillar of islam	fast during ramadan	128
3645302220	fifth pillar of islam	pilgrimage to mecca	129
3645305341	jihad	considered 6th pillar sometimes, means struggle, to combat with vice and evil	130
3645499313	mongol rule in china	maintained strict separation from chinese, trusted foreigners more than chinese	131
3645499314	vikings	did not settle in the arabian peninsula	132
3645505033	order of 3 religions came in by	judaism,christianity, islam	133
3645511518	india	arabic numbers originated here	134
3645517211	khubilia khan	grandson of ghengis khan, ruthless warrior, established yuan dynasty, hosted marco polo	135
3645528544	the golden horde	mongol conquest of russia, took over and city after city fell, but they never occupied russia. later established tributary relationship	136
3645548540	mongol moment	religious tolerance: buddhists, deists, christians, muslims. strong discipline and loyalty. very organized army	137
3645561704	mongol arms	population only 1 million, rewarded	138
3645676183	mongols	used persian bureaucracy, transformed persia, abandoned nomadic ways,	139
3645745340	mongols	encouraged travel and long distance communication, long distance trade, and missionary activities	140
3645757327	mongols, decline of mongols/yuan	spent too much gold, prices rise, bubonic plague spreads, mongols flee after rebellion	141
3645763406	mongols	last of them lived in crimea peninsula until pushed out	142
3645767370	africa	cultivation of bananas, gave nutrient supplement in diet	143
3645826650	bhakti movement	indian movement that attempted to transcend/exceed differences between hinduism and islam	144
3645841128	heian	japanese period, a brilliant cultural era, notable fro the tale of genji	145
3645861179	retainers	in medival society, got grants in exchange for their loyalty, respect and military service to their lords.	146
3645900995	sultanate of Delhi	Mahumad's islam successors conquered most of hindu kingdoms in india and established islamic state known as...	147

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ap world history Flashcards

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4051011413	The protestant reformation	0
4051011414	Martin Luther and the Luti'K.T.In Chun:h John Calvin and Calvinist	1
4051011415	Henry VIII and the Anglican Chun:h Protestant doclrinc.-s	2
4051011416	the Catholic Counter-Refonnation Saini Ignatius Loyola and the ksuits	3
4051011417	the harem	4
4051011418	the Siege of Vic.'ltna	5
4051011419	the Safavid Empire	6
4051011420	Abbas the Great	7
4051011421	lstahan	8
4051011422	the Ming	9
4051011423	Fmncis Xavier and Mattc.'O Ricd	10
4051011424	the Qing (Ch'ing) Empire	11
4051011425	11.-a and Chinc.-se tmde with Eun•pe	12
4051011426	Kangxi	13
4051011427	the Ashikaga Shogunate	14
4051011428	the Onin War, the Ern of Independent Lnrds, and Japanese disunity the reunitication nfJapan	15
4051011429	Odn Nobunuga and Toyutomi Hidc.'Yoshi	16
4051011430	Tokugawa leyasu	17
4051011431	the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Great Peace	18
4051011432	the Delhi Sultanate	19
4051011433	wars	20
4051011434	The Thirty Yc.'	21
4051011435	of Westphalia	22
4051011436	The emergc.'llce o f the nation-stilte	23
4051011437	absolute monan:hy versus parliamentary monan:hy	24
4051011438	Louis XIV	25
4051011439	Murin Titen:sa and Josc.'Ph II	26
4051011440	Frc."t.lerick the Great and the	27
4051011441	Peter the Grc.-at and Catherine the Great	28
4051011442	The English Civil War (Chark-s I versus Olivc.-r Cmmwell) the Glorious Revolution (William I)	29
4051011443	the English Bill o f Rights	30
4051011444	the Northern Renaissance	31
4051011445	the Bamquc	32
4051011446	Nikobi and the hcliocc."Tltric thc.•ory the Scientific Revolution	33
4051011447	Galilc.'O	34
4051011448	Sir Isaac Newl!ln	35
4051011449	the Enlightc."Tlment (alsnthc Age of Rc.-ason) Voltaire und Jean-Jacqu1.-s Roussc.-au	36
4051011450	class divc.-rsilication in Eumpc	37
4051011451	pupulation growth and	38
4051011452	the Agricultural Revolution men:antilism versus cnpitalism Allum Smith. 17w Wealth ofNutiom	39
4051011453	proto-industrialization	40
4051011454	the lodc.'Stone and compass	41
4051011455	the Iberian wave ofexplomtion	42
4051011456	Prince Henry the Navigator and Sagn:s Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan amlthe cin:umnavigation of the globe Colnni1.ation	43
4051011457	the nunhern wave o f explor.nion Jacques Cartier	44
4051011458	the Nonh American furtrnde	45
4051011459	the Dutch East India Company	46
4051011460	Henry Hudsun	47
4051011461	New Amsterdam (New York)	48
4051011462	the British India Cnmpany	49
4051011463	Osman I and the Ottoman Turks	50
4051011464	the sultan ami his vi.der.;	51
4051011465	Istanbul (limnc'.Tiy Cnnstantinuple)	52
4051011466	Mehmet II and the conquc.-st ofCnnstantinnple Suldman the Magnificent	53
4051011467	the janissaric.-s	54
4051011468	the millet system	55
4051011469	Yc.'ars' War	56
4051011470	1450CE- 1750CE	57
4051011471	Babur the Tiger	58
4051011472	the Mughal Empire	59
4051011473	the Taj Mahal Akbar	60
4051011474	the Grc.'ilt Aurnngzeb	61
4051011475	the Sikhs	62
4051011476	Askia Mohanunc."t.l and the Snnghat state	63
4051011477	the gokl trnde in Wt.-st and Cc."Tllral Africa Osci Tutu and the Asantc (Ashanti) kingdom the Boc.-rs	64
4051011478	apartheid	65
4051011479	the Zulu	66
4051011480	Eumpc-.1n and Ar.1b domination of the East African nctwnrk	67
4051011481	Indian Occ-.1n	68
4051011482	the Atlantic slave 1r.1de	69
4051011483	sugar pmduction and the slave tmdc	70
4051011484	the Middle Passage	71
4051011485	the triangular trade	72
4051011486	the "Columbian Exchange"	73
4051011487	Heman Cnrt(-s and	74
4051011488	the conquc.-st o f the	75
4051011489	Fmncisco Pi;r.am• and the conquc.-st o f the Incas	76
4051011490	New Spain and Mexico City (fonnerly Tcnuchttthin)	77
4051011491	the Spanish importation ofsmallpox and mcaslc.'S to the Americas the cncomic.'ltda system	78
4051011492	Bannlnmc de Las Ca.o;as. 17tt• 14•ms of tlw lndimr.s and sugar pnxluttion in the Amc.'!'icas	79
4051011493	Punuguc.-se sugar pmdu, tinn in and the beginning nf the Atlantic sl.tve	80
4051011494	the Dutch Wc.-st India Company Peter Stuyvesant Jamc.'Sinwn. Jnhn Smith. ;md Pocahontas Plymnuth Rock and the ,\ f u ) j l l l l l t 'l ' Pilgrims	81
4051011495	the Massachusetts Day Colony	82
4051011496	the French and Indian Wars	83
4051011497	the Russian-American Company	84

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AP World History Final Flashcards

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4554887169	Which of the following was not one of the main inspirations for European exploration?	The Desire to conquer China and India	0
4554887170	The first European nation to dominate trade with Asia was	Portugal	1
4554887171	The Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for the cultivation of	sugarcane	2
4554887172	Which of the following were both Chinese inventions?	stern-post rudder & magnetic compass	3
4554887173	Wind wheels	are circular wind patterns whose discovery aided sailing	4
4554887176	Most of the actual exploration of the Pacific Ocean was carried out by the	English	5
4554887177	The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to	force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties	6
4554887178	The center of the Spanish commercial activity in Asia was	Manila	7
4554887179	The Dutch policy in India was	to control the production of spices	8
4554887180	The most prosperous country in the Europe in the seventeenth century was	the Netherlands	9
4554887181	The country that finished the Seven' years war with global hegemony was	England	10
4554887182	From 1500 to 1800 the largest contingent of migrants consisted of	enslaved Africans	11
4554887183	the initial driving force in Luther formulating the Ninety-five Theses was	the sale of indulgences	12
4554891141	What is an indulgence	Something sold by Catholic church to buy your way into heaven	13
4554887184	The catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because	of the need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter's basilica	14
4554887185	The even which inspired Henry VIII to confront the pope was	Henry's desire to gain a divorce	15
4554887186	The city which stood as John Calivan's model Protestant community was	Geneva	16
4554887187	The council of Trent	took steps to reform the Catholic church	17
4554887188	Ignatius Loyola was instrumental in	creating the society of Jesus	18
4554887189	the explosion of witch-hunting in the sixteenth century was probably caused by	tensions between Catholics and Protestants	19
4554887191	The most destructive European conflict before WWI was	the Thirty Years' war	20
4554887192	Which of the following states developed constitutional states in the the seventeenth century?	England and the Netherlands	21
4554887193	The principal of European diplomacy in early modern Europe was	the balance of power	22
4554887195	The first great philosophical proponent of capitalism was	Adam Smith	23
4554887196	The Ptolemaic universe was based on	a motionless earth surrounded by nine hollow spheres	24
4554887197	_________ demonstrated that planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular.	Kepler	25
4554887209	The English colony of Jamestown	barley avoided starvation because of the help of the indigenous population	26
4554887210	The metis were	individuals of French and indigenous parentage	27
4554887211	For the Spanish, the greatest attraction of the Americas was	precious metals	28
4554887214	In North America the Europeans initially found a profitable commodity when they bartered for	fur	29
4554887215	The fist plentiful labor force for North America were	Indentured Servants	30
4554887223	A trading post was built as Cape Town in 1652 by the	Dutch	31
4554887224	The center of Islamic learning in west Africa was	Timbuktu	32
4554887225	The Fulani	Attempted through military conquest to instill a strict from of Islam in Africa	33
4554887226	The most important American Crop introduced to Africa in the sixteenth century was	manioc	34
4554887227	Throughout most of history the majority of slaves came from	war captives	35
4554887228	The first European slave traders were the	Portuguese	36
4554887229	As part of the triangular slave trade the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return for	firearms	37
4554887230	How many Africans were forcefully brought to the Americas as part of the transatlantic slave trade?	Twelve Million	38
4554887231	The vast majority of slaves	provided agricultural labor on plantations	39
4554887232	the only place were a slave revolt actually brought about an end to slavery was	Saint-Dominuge Hati	40
4554887233	The first European nation to abolish the slave trade was	Denmark	41
4554887234	The Manchus called their dynasty Qing, which meant	pure	42
4554887235	Taiwan was conquered by	Kangxi	43
4554887236	In regards to ruling philosophy and techniques the Qing	followed the same patter that the Ming had established	44
4554887237	The practice of footbinding	represented the increasing subjugation of women during the Quing dynasty	45
4554887238	Zheng He	carried out expansive journeys of exploration	46
4554887239	Foreign trade during the Qing dynasty	was limited and under tight governmental control	47
4554887240	China fell behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties because	of the collapse of the civil-service examination system	48
4554887241	With the exception of the emperor and his family, the most exalted members of Chinese society were	the scholar-bureaucrats	49
4554887242	According to Confucian tradition the most honorable class among the peasants, artisans and merchants was the	peasants	50
4554887243	The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity because	of Christianities exclusivity	51
4554887244	The term bakufu means	"Tent Government"	52
4554887245	Daimyo were	powerful territorial lords	53
4554887246	The word sakoku refers to	Japan's decision to close trade with the Europeans	54
4554887247	The process known as "thinning the rice shoots" refers to	a Japanese attempt to limit the population growth	55
4554887249	The Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires were all	Islamic	56
4554887250	Which of the following empire was inspired by its status as an Islamic outpost on the border of the Christian World	Ottoman	57
4554887251	The Ottoman institution which provided Balkan slaves for the formation of the Janissaries was the	devshime	58
4554887252	Hurrem Sultana was	a concubine who had tremendous influence over Sulleyman the Magnificent	59
4554887254	In the Islamic world the dhimmi	were non-Muslims who received the status of a protected people	60
4554887255	The jizya was the tax paid by	non-Muslims in an Islamic country	61
4554887256	The Ottomans took the Byzantine cathedral Hagia Sofia and	converted it into the mosque of Aya Sofya	62
4554887257	What Islamic city was considered "Half The World?"	Isfahan	63
4554887258	Under Ivan III the center of expanding Russian state was	Moscow	64
4554887259	Most important of Ivan III's acquisitions was the city of	Novgorod	65
4554887261	For most of Russian history the main political, religious and cultural influence came from	Byzantium	66
4554887262	In the days after the fall of Constantinople many Russians viewed _______ as the "Third Rome"	Moscow	67
4554887263	Ivan the Terrible's oprichniki wore an insignia with the symbolic picture of	a dogs head and broom	68
4554887264	to remove the old aristocracy from authority Ivan IV ruled with the help of his	Chosen Council	69
4554887265	In the year 1610 ______ started a dynasty which lasted until the twentieth century.	Mikhail Romanov	70
4554887266	The term "westernization" is most associated with what tsar?	Peter The Great	71
4554887267	By 1725 which country in Europe had the largest army?	Russia	72
4554887268	Peter the Great's "window on the west" was	St. Petersburg	73
4554887269	In the Charter of Nobility, Catherine the Great	spelled out the rights and obligations of the nobility	74
4554887270	The establishment of the pale of settlement restricted ______ to this part of Poland	Jews	75
4554887271	The kingdom of ________ in the Caucasus traced its dynasty's ancestry back to king David	Georgia	76
4554887272	The Russians were mainly interested in pushing eastward into Siberia to gain access to	Furs	77
4554887273	For peasants the main inspiration for migrating to Siberia was	that serfdom did not extend east of the Urals	78
4554887275	In 1721 an imperial decree from Peter The Great	empowered factory owners to buy serfs to work in their factories	79
4554887276	The intelligentsia developed during the reign of	Catherine the Great	80
4554887277	In response to the declaration of the rights of woman and the Female Citizen	The French revolutionary leaders refused to put women's rights on their political adgenda	81
4554887278	The author of the second Treatise of civil government was	Locke	82
4554887279	Which of the following was not one of John Locke's main ideas	that although kings did have divine sanction their subjects maintained personal rights	83
4554887280	Which one of the following was not one of the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?	equality for women	84
4554887281	After the end of the seven years' war	the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British control and taxes	85
4554887282	The main slogan for the colonies in the years leading up to the american revolution as	no taxation without representation	86
4554887283	the declaration of independence's' contractual view of political structure in which the government drew its authority from "the consent of the governed" was influenced by	John Locke	87
4554887284	Which of the following was not one of the principles built into the Government of the newly formed American State?	the creation of a federal republic	88
4554887285	The leaders of the french revolution	called for a complete reorganizing of french political, social and cultural structures	89
4554887286	On June 17 1789 members of the third estate seceded from the Estates General and declared themselves the	national assembly	90
4554887287	In august 1789 the national assembly expressed the guiding principles of the French Revolution by issuing	The Social Contract	91
4554887288	The guiding principles of the French Revolution were summed up in the phrase	Liberty, Equality, Fraternity	92
4554887289	A concordat was	the 1801 agreement between Napoleon and the pope	93
4554887290	Napoleon's civil code	affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men	94
4554887291	the turning point in Napoleon's career was his disastrous 1812 invasion of	Russia	95
4554887292	Napoleon's final defeat occurred at	Waterloo	96
4554887293	The only successful slave revolt in history took place in	Saint-Dominique	97
4554887294	What nineteenth century English thinker promoted individual freedom, universal suffrage, taxation of high personal income, and an extension of the rights of freedom and equality to women?	John Stuart Mill	98
4554887295	The German leader otto von Bismarack believed that the great issues of his day would be determined by	blood and iron	99

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AP World History Review Flashcards

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5657788713	before the invention of writing	What time in the past does "prehistoric" refer to?	0
5657789779	bronze	Which of the following was NOT in wide use during the Neolithic Age	1
5657789780	nomadic lifestyle	Which of the following was NOT a result of the safer, more settled life of agricultural villages?	2
5657791183	Indus seals were found in Sumer and Sumerian items in the Indus Valley	How do we know that the people of the Indus Valley traded with the Sumerians?	3
5657791875	Its written language has not yet been deciphered	Why do we know so little about the Indus Valley civilization?	4
5657792496	Women could pursue careers and own property	What did Egyptian and Mesopotamian society have in common?	5
5657793382	by taking control of both northern and southern Mesopotamia	How did Sargon of Akkad form the first empire?	6
5657884247	The Nile flooded at regular intervals; the Tirgis and Euphrates flooded irreguluarly.	Why were the Egyptian farmers more fortunate than the farmers of Mesopotamia?	7
5657886238	Cities were planned and had their own plumbing and sewage system	Which of the following distinguished the cities of the Indus Valley.	8
5657871381	Instead of maintaining Zhou control it led to independent lords.	How did feudalism in China fail in the end to fulfill its original purpose?	9
5657802152	Anatolia	Alexander the Great's first victories against the Persians gave him control of which region?	10
5657804512	how to restore social order, harmony, and respect for authority	What was the underlying objectives that gave rise to the Chinese philosophies of Confucius, Laozi, and the Legalists?	11
5657872982	People all over China could read it, even if they spoke other languages	What was a major advantage of the Chinese sytem of writing	12
5657873480	It allowed new rulers to justify the overthrow of a declining dynasty	How did the Mandate of Heaven affect government in China?	13
5657873829	herders	The Indi-European peoples that migrated from the steppes were mainly	14
5657874423	trade	Buddhism spread across Asia mostly as a result of...	15
5657807642	the geography of the region	What caused the major difficulties in uniting ancient Greeks under a single government?	16
5657808661	the Persians	Who was driven from Greece shortly before the golden age of Athens began?	17
5657811032	mountains	What serparated the different regions within Greece?	18
5657812310	Macedonia received effective assistance from Persia	Which of the following was NOT a reason why Macedonia conquered Greece?	19
5657810177	It became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic culture.	Why was ALexandria, Egypt, important during the Hellenistic period?	20
5657824992	nirvana	In Buddhism, the release from selfishness and pain is known as	21
5657825540	Aryans	The social class system that came to be known as the caste system was established in India by	22
5657827061	Torah	The most sacred writings of the Jewish religion are the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, known as the	23
5657828218	Phoenicians	The most able seafarers of the early Mediterranean were the	24
5657828856	reincarnation	Hinduism and Buddhism have a common belief in	25
5657830453	phonetic symbols	The phoenicians contributed greatly to written communication by introducing the first use of	26
5657832350	mutual promise between God and humanity	In the Hebrew tradition, a vconvenant is a(n)	27
5657833460	ironworking	The Hitties were able to excel at war because of their knowledge of	28
5657834697	introduction of teh phonetic alphabet	A phoenician contribution that people still benefit from today is the	29
5657836249	moksha and nirvana	The two items below that are most similar are	30
5657837138	unify the people of Canaan into one kingdom	According to the Torah, Moses did all of the following EXCEPT	31
5657839845	unify the people of Canaan into one kingdom, Israel	The minoans were known for all of the following EXCEPT - (enjoying bull-leaping for sport, painted pottery. female-led religious ceremonies & having little concern for nature)	32
5657840544	ethical monotheism	The emphasis on right confuct and the worship of one God is called	33
5657843052	unifying the 12 tribes	srael's King Solomon was known for all of teh following EXCEPT (constructing a great temple, uilding a trading empire, great wisdom or unifying the 12 tribes)	34
5657868092	civil and religious laws of Judaism	The Ten commandments became the basis for the	35
5657868596	the caste system	Hinduism and Buddhism differe significantly in their beliefs about	36
5657814039	concept of Satan and belief in angels	Which belief of the prophet Zoroaster was similar to later concepts in Christianity and Islam?	37
5657820461	With no natural bariers, Assyria, a ruler needed military conquests.	What neccessity caused the Assyrians to develop a strong army?	38
5657850680	played specific roles in society	During the Vedic Age, members of each varna	39
5657851880	Egypt's dominance of Nubia	What was the relationship between Egypt and Nubia during the period of the New Kingdom?	40
5657855126	relationships	To restore social order, harmony, and good government, Confucius believed it was neccessary for society to be organized around what general category?	41
5657856883	Darius	Which of the following rulers is as famous for his extrraordinary skills as a government administrator as for his military conquests?	42
5657858667	tolerance of diversity	Among the conquereors ofthe ancient world, what was Cyrus famous for?	43
5657862212	Asyrians	For which peoples were bridges, ladders, and tunnels important elecments in their military successes?	44
5657862213	natural order	What do Daoism and the concept of yin and yang focus on?	45
5657815824	by defeating onvaders and crushing internal opposition	How did Shi Huangdi unify China?	46
5657820808	He was famous for his tolerance of diversity	What was Cyrus like as a ruler?	47
5657861807	opposition from new and powerful enemies	What was the main reason for the Egyptian empire's decline?	48
5657822739	Confucius	Which of the following was a philosopher known for his emphasis on responsible relationships and respect for parents?	49
5657861497	autocracy	What is the name for the kind of government that Shi Huangdi formed, in which the ruler had unlimited power and used it in an arbitay manner?	50
5667436398	They were both city-states	Which of the following did Athens and Sparta have in common?	51
5667438819	Persian Empire, the Indus Valley, and China	After conquering Greece, Alexander the Great conquered which regions?	52
5667441940	Mycenaens; Dorians; Macedonians	What is the order in which these three peoples dominated Greece?	53
5667362728	He established schools for job applicants	What did Wudi do to improve his system of bureaucracy?	54
5667445755	Alexander's quick victory made him want the entire Persian Empire	Why did Alexander the Great refuse the peace settlement from Darius III?	55
5667447491	An archaeologist discovered the possible remains of ancient Troy.	Why do archaeoologists think the Trojan War actually took place?	56
5667441470	increased the number of paid public officials	What was an important feature of Athenian democracy under Pericles?	57
5667364084	advances in literature, art, science, and mathematics	What did Indian vicilization experience during the Gupta Empire?	58
5667365080	sorrow over the slaughter at Kalinga	What inspired Asoka to convert to Buddism?	59
5667368589	Mahayana Buddhism was more accesible to the masses.	What was the difference between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism?	60
5667375068	How did Confucian teachings define women's roles?	Women should be restricted to domestic and family life.	61
5667371969	Which of the following is NOT true of Wudi?	He was saddened by war and adopted a policy of peace.	62
5667455963	the chief executives of the government	In the early Roman government, who were the conduls?	63
5667405826	members of the aristocracy and common citizens	The major power struggles in the early Roman republic were between..	64
5667451212	control of the Mediterranean Sea	What conflict of interest lay between Rome and Carthage?	65
5667453988	It allowed for flexible interpretation of the law	Which of the following is NOT true about the Roman code of laws known as the Twelve Tables?	66
5667456961	fear of attacks by the Huns	Why did Germanic peoples invade the Roman Empire?	67
5667407488	power rests with citizens who have the right to select their leaders	After the romans drove the last Etruscan monarch from power, they established a republic, a government in whihc...	68
5667408794	would not worship roman gods	Roman rulers opposed Christianity because Christians...	69
5667409846	the forced dispersal of Jews	The Jewish Diaspora refers to...	70
5667410484	a strong military	___ was NOT a reason for the decline of the Roman Empire	71
5667411660	to make control of the Empire mpre efficient	The emperor's purpose for dividing the Roman Empire was...	72
5667373861	What did Kautilya's Arthasastra teach?	how to hold a vast empire together	73
5667371482	paper, the two-bladed plow, and the wheelbarrow	What advances in technology develpped during the Han Dynasty?	74
5667381592	Christianity	What did King Ezana of Aksum establish as the kingdom's oficial religion during his reign?	75
5667383999	Mxico	In what present-day land do archaeologists believe the first Americans built an advanced civilization?	76
5667388492	"submission to the will of Allah"	What does Islam mean in Arabic?	77
5667413346	the Gospels in the Christian Bible	What is the main source of information about the life of Jesus of Nazareth?	78
5667416536	He stabilized the frontier, erected splendid public buildings, and created an enduring government	Whay was Augustus the most able emperor of RRome?	79
5667418608	architecture, engineering, law, language	Which of the following groups of terms best summarizes the lagacy of the Roman Empire?	80
5667420214	Europe and the United States productionincreased trade	Of the following regions, which are still stronglu influenced by the achievements of Rome?	81
5667429062	Many people could become Buddhas	What new belief helped Buddhism become popular with the masses?	82
5667429814	silk production	What became a closely guarded secret in China?	83
5667430212	increased trade	What encouraged the rise of the banking system in India?	84
5667431377	They could profit by acting as middlemen	What did Indians discover when they learned about the SIlk Roads?	85
5667385592	Zapotec	Which of the following was a Mesoamerican civilization?	86
5667430213	they were Matriarchal	How did the family structure of some Tamil groups differ from the family structre in Noether India?	87
5667394567	south or southeast	What were the main directions of the migrations of Bantu-speamking peoples?	88
5667396320	grassy plains	What are Africa's savannas?	89
5667392047	It created monopolies on the mining of salt and the forging of iron.	How did the Chinese government establish control over commerce and manufacturing?	90
5667398391	"the people"	What does the word Bantu mean?	91
5667389501	They considered the emperors to be semidivine	Why did the Chinese accept the Han emperors' exercise of power?	92
5667390983	advances in Indian surgical techniques	What did NOT happen as a result of trade?	93
5667400358	modern numerals	Which of the following was invented in India?	94
5667401204	creator, preserver, and destroyer	What do the Hindugods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva represent?	95
5667403058	The population of China had increased, and there wwere many people to fees.	Why did Confucian scholars consider agriculture the most important occupation duringthe Han Dynasty?	96
5670894737	they were following game	WHat do most archaeologists think was the reason that some of the earliest Americans crossed Beringia?	97
5670900330	Mexico	In what present-day land do archaeologists believe the first American built an advanced civilization	98
5670906730	Zapotec	Which of the following was a Mesoamerican civilization	99
5670916056	"submission to the will of Allah"	What does Islam mean in Arabic?	100
5670922569	He was the last and greatest of the prophets	WHat do Muslims believe about Muhammad?	101
5670925189	through a strong Bureaucracy	How did the Abbasids conterol their large empire?	102
5670490742	shah	Which of the following names was used for Seljuk rulers?	103
5670501619	Yaroslav's division of his realm among his sons	Political instability in Kievan Russia was caused by which of the following	104
5670505488	effective legal codes	Justinian and Yaroslav the Wise BOTH created	105
5670512302	Yaroslav the Wise and Ivan III	Marriage was used as a political tool by	106
5670519205	Mongol and Russia armies refused to fight	Russia achieved liberation from Mongol rule after the	107
5670523910	Byzantine Empire	Orthodox Christianity became the state religion of which of the following?	108
5670673712	Umayyads	Who replaced the last of the "rightly guided" caliphs?	109
5670677914	Shi'a	What division of Islam believes that only a relative of Muhammad is quilified to be a caliph?	110
5670688855	Muhammad's emphasis on study and scholarship	What encouraged Muslim leaders to support places of learning such as the House of Wisdom?	111
5670699083	algebra	Which academic cubject was developed by al-Khwarizmi?	112
5670704692	Mecca	Toward what city do Muslims pray?	113
5670708714	the major duties required of all Muslims	What are the Five Pillars of Islam?	114
5670711462	military duty	Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?	115
5670717582	Muslims wanted to k now the precise direction of Mecca	Why did the Muslim way of praying elad to advances in astronomy?	116
5670722809	Shari'a	What system of law regulatews the family life, moral confuct, and the business and community life of Muslims?	117
5670939899	They based their leadership on the Qur'an and Muhammad's actions	What was true of the "rightly guided" caliphs?	118
5670952262	All Muslims were considered first-class citiznes	What was NOT true of the Muslim class system?	119
5670958124	by translating works of Aristotle and Plato	How did Muslim scholars help preserve European culture?	120
5670731879	Scholars there translated the scientific and philophical text into Arabic	portaiture	121
5670735984	Which of the following was NOT advanced during the Muslim Empire?	Their re;igions were tolerated, but restrictions and taxes were imposed	122
5670742481	Hoe were conquered peoples treated by the Muslim Empire	experiments in labratory settings	123
5670747875	What was the preferred appproach of Mslim scientist?	They based their leaderon the Qur'an and Muhammad's actions	124
5670764066	What is the best Muslim model for proper living?	the Sunna	125
5670772665	Who did Muslims consider the "people of the book"?	Jews and Christians	126
5670529067	Vladiamir's rule	The combination of church and state influenced whihco f the following	127
5670533172	the invention of the magnetic compass	What helped China to become a great sea power under Song leadership	128
5670540373	They were influenced by Indian culture	What does Angkor Wat reveal anout the Khmer Empire?	129
5670790279	Muslim law prohibited the drawing of living beings	WHy did Muslim artists use calligraphy in their work?	130
5670792920	the Sunna	The Qur'an and hat other work form the shari'a, or body of Islamic law?	131
5670800004	thr Justinian Code	WHich of the following was the body of civil law created for the B yzantine EMpire?	132
5670805556	the Pope	During the 8th-century dispute over icons, which of the following supported the use of icons?	133
5670810708	Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril	Who invented the alphabet that is used by many SLavic languages	134
5670816362	Khanate of the Golden Horde	What was the Mongol Emire in Russia called?	135
5670826663	czar	Which of the following titles did Ivan III use?	136
5670835126	Turkish slaves who became a powerful force in the Abbasid Empire	Who were the mamelukes?	137
5670838139	Islam	The Seljuks converted tp which of the following religions?	138
5670550593	through briilliant military strategy and organization	How did Genghkis Khan succeed as a conqueror?	139
5670621913	It was a symbolic mountain built to honor the Hindu god Vishnu	Why was the Khmer city-and-temple complex Angkor Wat built?	140
5670572199	what areas did the Heian court of Japan advance	art, culture, and ediquette	141
5670562742	the nomadic way of life	Which Mongolian practice did Kublai Khan NOT follow?	142
5670849721	the Mongol Empire was the largest unified land empire in history	WHat was true of the Mongol Empire?	143
5670853132	It stopped a Mongolian invasions	What did the kamikaze, or divine wind, do for Japan	144
5670856345	Shinto	WHat did Japanese worshippers combine with Buddhism?	145
5670863627	Ideas and inventions spread with trade betweren Europe and Assia	WHat happened during the Pax Mongolica?	146
5670873918	He believed that Mongols and foreigners had no local loyalties	WHy did Kiblai Khan favor Mongols and foreigners for government posts?	147
5670881544	an emperor who reigned as a figurehead while another power ruled	Wha was an enduring characteristic of Japanese government?	148
5670983512	Julius Caesar	Which Roman ruler held the title of dictator or absolute ruler at the time of his assassination by members of the Senate?	149
5670991480	plebeians	What ere the common citizens of Rome called	150
5670995704	Paul	Which Chrstian leader wrote letters that formed the Epistles of the New Testament to groups of believers?	151
5671022558	aqueducts	What were the Roman channels that brought water to cities and towns around the empire?	152
5671002570	Constantine	WHo moved the capital of the Roman EMpire from Rome to Byzantium?	153
5671013771	classical	Greco-Roman culture is also referered to as what kind of culture?	154
5671031660	pastoralists	Nomadic peoples who herded animals were called	155
5671037172	Khmer Empire	The ___ built Angkor Wat, one of the greatest architectural chievements in the world	156
5671041663	Tang Taizong	The dynsty founded by --- expanded CHina, promoted foreign trade, and promoted improvements in agriculture	157
5671049631	Kiblai Khan	The mongol ruler --- united CHina fro the first time in 300 years	158
5671055973	samurai	--- were loyal warriers and bodyguards of their lords	159
5671060469	shogun	A leader with the title of --- had the power of a military dictattor in Japan	160
5671066526	Marco Polo	Most European readers did not believe the stories tha tthe Venetian merchant --- told about what he had seen in Chhina	161
5671100976	movable type	---, an important Cinese technological advance, reveolutionized printing	162
5679001085	Spartans	Which people emphasixed duty, strength, and discipline?	163
5679008995	Mycenaeans	Who preserved and spread aspects of the Minoan culture?	164
5679013347	Dorians	Who moved into the Greek world and reigned for about 400 years and left no written record?	165
5679026875	phalanx	What battle formation produced the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world?	166
5679038303	Peloponnesian	Sparta's declaration of war against Athens began which war?	167
5679046544	legions	What were Rome's military forced called?	168
5679050255	Diocletion	Which emperor divided the empire into greek-speaking East and Latin-speaking West?	169
5679053422	Pax Romana	WHat was the period of peace and prosperity that lasted 208 years?	170
5679053423	Peter	Who is considered to be the first pope of the Christian Church?	171
5679125108	They were following game (food)	What do most aechaeologists think was the reason that some of the earliest Americans crossed Beringia?	172
5679147677	Euclid	Who wrote the well-known book Elements, which is the basis for modern geometry?	173

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Ap World History Unit 2 ( 600BCE-600CE) Flashcards

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4239908648	shamans	attempted to heal the sick, prayed to the spirits for success in hunting, and enforced taboos.	0
4239921068	Judiasm	monotheistic faith of the hebrews. 700BCE-Hebrew kingdoms conquered by a succession of overlords, such as the Assyrians, Persians, romans, and neo-babylonians.	1
4239950590	Jewish Diaspora	Jewish people who were forced out of Israel. They were scattered by the Romans, who destroyed their second temple in Israel and destroying the state. This was because the Jews refused to worship their Emperor like a god.	2
4239971538	Jewish info on religion.	400BCE, Jewish scripture Tanakh was created which included the Torah. strict dietary restrictions, must marry another Jewish family, women repeated but a patriarchal society, and "humane" slavery	3
4240045861	Hammurabi's code	"An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" it was a code in which one must conduct life. Later influenced the ten commandments.	4
4240074345	Vedism	dominated in India from 1500 to 700 BCE, when the Brahmins (who believed through obedience to them worshipers could only be reincarnated) got mad that the Upanishads were questioning their ways. debates about it created buddhism in 500BCE, and Vedism eventually was absorbed into Hinduism around 300BCE.	5
4240095128	Upanishads	a series of essays and poems that raised the possibility that people could liberate themselves from the cycle of life,death, and reincarnation without relying on the brahmins.	6
4240133582	Hindu society and religion	karma, reincarnation, caste system, Law of Manu, a hindu text made between 200BCE to 200CE.	7
4240136701	Brahma	the masculine personification of the World Soul	8
4240145015	Buddhism	based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gauetama. He abandoned his aristocratic life to become enlightened. He become the budda. the Mauryan emperor Ashoka became a great supporter of Buddhism. Religion: reincarnation, karma, nirvana: Two types: Therevada -simplicity and meditation. Mahayana-more ritual and symbology than the Budda spoke of.	9
4240333422	confucianism	Confucius started it, his teachings are in the Analects. it took for granted celestial bureaucracy, proposed social harmony, order and hierarchy paramount, mandate of heaven, filial piety, ancestor veneration. Legalism=people are inherently immoral. Then neo confucianism appeared.	10
4240368805	Daoism	mystical, in China after 500BCE, Laozi was the founder who allegedly wrote the central text Tao-te Ching. The universe is governed by the dao (the way) an invisible and irresistible force. Antirational use of parables in non-logical ways. Ancestor veneration, celestial bureaucracy, feng shui (harmonious placement), and the famous symbol is the ying-yang, a circle whose dark and light halves are divided by a double curved line. often syncretizes by people with Daoist, Buddhist, and Confucian practices.	11
4240435259	Christianity	Came out of Judiasm, founded by Jesus of Nazarath and the "messiah". He sought to reform Jewish laws and traditions as a teacher. Charity and compassion were more important than obeying rabbis. He was arrested by Roman authorities that were told to arrest him by local Jewish officials. He resurrected after being crucified, and there will be a second day of judgement, where Christians will be admitted to heaven, while others damned to Hell. Paul and Peter the apostles helped organize the early church, and got Romans, Greeks, and others to convert by telling them that they did not have to adhere to Jewish dietary restrictions or get circumcised. Women were like second class citizens. 313 CE, Constantine legalized Christianity.	12
4240495837	Thought and Culture	the following terms will be general things going on during 600BCE-600CE.	13
4240499562	learning empirically	learning by means of systematic observation.	14
4240505798	Intellectual Advances	scientific thinking (greeks), decimal system, pi and zero, arabic numerals, geometry, geography, astronomy, medicine, philosophy (greece). Mahabharata, an Indian grand epic of 9,000 stanzas and the most famous part called Bhagavad Gita. Chinese classics included the Analects, the Tao-te Ching, the I-Ching. The Greek Iliad and Odyssey. The Roman Aeneid.	15
4240546789	New technology	-Woodblock printing in China allowed for faster reproduction and dissemination of information. Let to movable type printing. -Great Library of Alexandria and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were big building architecture. They used columns and facades, with Roman archways and domes. The Parthenon (temple of Athena in Athens),the Pantheon (Roman temple to all gods), the cave temples for Buddhist and Hindu deities, the Pillars of Ashoka inscribed with Buddhist teachings about Ashoka in Mauryan India. and the Colosseum, and the pyramids. Also a lot of cultural borrowing went on.	16
4241745589	Persian Empire	Darius the Great expanded the empire from North Africa to India and he built the city Persepolis. They had an advanced postal system with roads, they had a single currency with provincial administration, which was 20 regions with local authorities called satraps. The population was divided into castes. Under Darius, they embraced Zoroastrianism. Then, tolerant Achaemenid lost to Alexander the Great.	17
4241798304	Parthians	took over the Persian Empire, it was more decentralized than Persia, involved in the silk road, it was a syncratitism of Greek and Persian. It was where small pox started and the Roman Empire arrived.	18
4241814395	Sassands	-Rivals to the Rome and Byzantine, involved in silk road, and arab traders. Practiced Zoroastrianism, an official state faith and much less tolerant. They were swept away by Islam by the Islam from the Arabian Peninsula.	19
4327869733	Qin (221-206BCE)	-Shi Huangdi ended feudal decentralization of the warring states and favored legalism (harsh laws to keep people in order). He made it a centralized dictatorship. Modernized the army by introducing iron weapons, crossbows, and cavalry warfare. Built road ways and canals and the Great Wall of China. Ended slavery and serfdom so that the peasants could be taxed and serve in the army. Taxes were so bad that rebellions destroyed the army.	20
4327902908	Han	-brought to power by those uprisings, it was centralized and efficient under warrior-emperors like Wu Ti. Took parts of Vietnam, Korea, Manchuria, and Mongolia and established a tributary system in other areas. Cavalry warfare and the crossbow were huge-they gave them a huge advantage against the Turkic Xiongnu. Had postal and tax collection systems, and civil service examinations. Mandate of heaven and confucianism. The invention of the horse collar lead to heavyier loads being able to be transported, and they were very involved in the Silk Road. The smallpox contributed to its downfall. (220CE)	21
4327945833	Mauryan Empire (India)	-founded by Chandragupta Maurya and ruled from the capital of Pataliputra, it had an elaborate bureaucracy with a 25 percent tax on all agricultural production. Employed elephants, cavalry, and had large trade networks. Then, Ashoka came to power and he converted to buddhism-teachings of Ashoka. He was very tolerant. 184 BCE it collapsed.	22
4327987960	Gupta Empire (North-central India)	Chandra Gupta-smaller and less centralized than the Mauryan, and relied on diplomacy. Hindu and practiced religious toleration. Treaded with China for silk. Created the decimal system and the concepts of zero and pi. Also the 25 percent tax. Big caste system in a patriarchal society. Women practiced sati. 500's CE the nomadic White Huns led to the downfall of the Gupta Empire.	23
4328014429	Phoenicia	made the alphabet, good seafaring traders, 800 BCE spread from Syria and Lebanon to establish city states in the Meditteranean. They had the north african port of Carthage. They had a high degree of social mobility, and elected an oligarchic government. polytheisic and were in the Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome.	24
4328034027	Greeks (or Hellenes)	-united by a common language and the worship of olympian gods. Made Greek city states and colonies. Government was oligarchies, in which a small elite class of rich, powerful families ruled. Sparta exploited the labor of agricultural slaves called helots. Athens focused on cultural and political advancement. Slavery was huge (1/4 of the population). Sparta had the most rights for women. The beginning of democracy started here too. Philosophy, scientific thinking, Greek dramas were huge. Mostly decentralized but they teamed up during the Persian wars. the war between Sparta and Athens was called the Peloponnesian War, and even though Sparta won, both sides were exhausted, leading to the Macedonians from the north dominating.	25
4335048134	Macedonia	-Alexander the great fought 10 years and 20,000 miles. They fused Greek with others to create Hellenistic culture. Also they had the great library, which was an ancient world's greatest centers of trade, learning, and culture.	26
4335070821	Rome and Byzantine	Formed in 800 BCE, they came to dominate the Mediterranean. Remained a monarchy until 500 BCE when a rebellion made created the Roman Republic. Had a republic, which is is a state without a monarch and most male adults play some role in the political process. They had the patrician and plebeian classes (upper and lower). Rapid expansion caused the collapse of the Roman Republic and small farmers (close to a middle class) went bankrupt. Then the Roman Empire formed after Julius Caesar's death, and Caesar's adopted son "Caesar Augustus" took over. Led to Pax Romana an age of peak power and prosperity. Big bureaucracy, distribution of grain, run by proconsuls, and had a great network of roads, sea lanes, aqueducts, and fortifications. Smallpox from soldiers in the middle east, measles, and the bubonic plague ruined the empire, and then Byzantine split from it. Migrating waves of Germanic and Asiatic nomads (barbarians) attacked from the east and north in growing numbers. 400CE Germanic Goths sacked the city of Rome and took it over completely in 476 CE. Slavery was huge. As far as women go, at first republican rule was strictly patriarchal, giving the paterfamilias, but then in the early empire, women gained more economic rights and greater freedom to divorce. No voting though. Also were involved with making domes and Greco-Roman classicism. Roman law is still a part of today-innocent until proven guilty. That law comes from the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian law coade in Byzantine served as later law codes throughout Europe. They also legalized Christianity, which helped Christianity survive.	27
4335200731	Mesoamerica-Teotihuacan, Maya, and the Moche	Society emerged from the olmecs. It involved... -city states -kings and priests in a extremely hierarchical fashion-women were subject to rigidly defined gender roles. -human sacrifice and pyramids -Teotihuacan big city, ruled by oligarchy -intensive farming (floating islands) -While Teotihuacan flourished, to the south in present day Guatamala and into southern Mexico the Maya appeared. Staple crops were corn, squash, beans, cacao, and cotton. pyramids, polytheistic, human sacrifice, slavery, hieroglyphics, understood zero, and had a very accurate calendar.	28
4335336527	Moche	Farther into the Andes Mountains, in peru between 200-700 CE. They used the quipu, and they lived in classes called ayllu. Mit'a labor, which combined elements of serfdom and corvee labor. Traded on the amazon and produced ellexelent ceramics and texilles. It ended by a combination of environmental factors.	29

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