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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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7805740768allusiona reference in a work of literature to something outside the work0
7805740769attitudethe disposition toward or opinion of a subject by a speaker, author, or character1
7805740770allegorya story in which the people, things, and events have another extended, frequently abstract meaning2
7805740771alliterationthe repetition of similar or identical consonant sounds, normally at the beginning of words3
7805740772ambiguitymultiple meanings that a literary work may communicate, especially when two meanings are incompatible4
7805740773antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers5
7805740774apostrophedirect address, usually to someone or something that is not present6
7805740775assonancethe repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds7
7805740776ballad metera four-line stanza rhymed abcd in which lines one and three have four feet and lines two and four have three feet8
7805740777blank verseunrhymed iambic pentameter9
7805740778clausea group of words containing a subject and its verb that may or may not form a complete sentence10
7805740779connotationthe implications of a word or a phrase, or the emotions associated with it, as opposed to its exact meaning (denotation)11
7805740780conventiona device of style or subject matter that is used so often that it becomes a recognized means of expression.fig12
7805740781dactyla metrical foot of three syllables, including an accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables13
7805740782detailsare the individual items or parts that make up a larger picture or story14
7805740783denotationthe specific, literal meaning of a word to be found in a dictionary, as opposed to connotation15
7805740784devices of soundThe techniques of deploying the sound of words, especially in poetry Ex. rhyme, alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia16
7805740785didacticexplicitly instructive17
7805740786dictionword choice, "techniques" of a passage, prose, or poem18
7805740787digressionthe inclusion of material unrelated to the actual subject of a work19
7805740788ellipsisa phrase that omits some words that would be necessary for a complete construction20
7805740789end-stoppeda line with a pause at the end21
7805740790free versepoetry that is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical22
7805740791heroic couplettwo end-stopped iambic pentameter lines rhymed aa, bb, cc, usually containing a complete thought in the two-line unit23
7805740792hexametera line containing six feet24
7805740793iamba two-syllable foot with an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable25
7805740794internal rhymerhyme that occurs within a rhyme26
7805740795epigrama pithy saying, often employing contrast; a verse form, which is usually brief and pointed27
7805740796euphemisma figure of speech utilizing indirection to avoid offensive bluntness, such as "deceased" for "dead" or "remains" for "corpse"28
7805740797figurative languagefigures of speech, such as metaphor, simile, and irony29
7805740798grotesquecharacterized by distortions or incongruities30
7805740799jargonthe specialized language of a profession or group31
7805740800literalthe precise, explicit meaning32
7805740801imageryimages created by literary works, sensory details33
7805740802imperativethe mood of a verb that gives an order34
7805740803ironya figure of speech in which the intended meaning and the actual meaning differ35
7805740804metaphora figurative use of language in which a comparison is expressed without the use of a comparative term like "as", "like", or "than"36
7805740805modifyto restrict or limit in meaning "large, shaggy dog"37
7805740806narrative techniquesthe methods involved in telling a story; the procedures used by a writer of stories or accounts38
7805740807omniscient point of viewthe vantage point of a story in which the narrator can know, see, and report whatever he or she chooses39
7805740808oxymorona combination or juxtaposition of opposites40
7805740809onomatopoeiathe use of words whose very sound suggests their actual meaning "buzz", "honk", "hiss"41
7805740810parablea story designed to suggest a principle42
7805740811parallel structurea similar grammatical structure within a paragraph43
7805740812paradoxa statement that seems to be self-contradictory but is true44
7805740813parodya composition that imitates the style of another composition, normally done for comic effect45
7805740814periodic sentencea sentence that becomes grammatically complete only at end46
7805740815personificationa figurative use of language that endows the nonhuman (ideas, inanimate objects, animals, abstractions)47
7805740816point of viewany of several possible vantage points from which the story is told48
7805740817rhetorical techniquesthe devices used in effective or persuasive language49
7805740818reliabilitya quality of some fictional narrators in whose word the reader can place his trust50
7805740819resources of languagea general phrase for the linguistic devices or techniques that a writer can use51
7805740820satirewriting that uses ridicule to arouse a reader's disapproval of the subject52
7805740821settingthe background of a story, the physical location of a story, play, or novel53
7805740822strategythe management of language for a specific effect54
7805740823stylethe mode of expression in language55
7805740824structurethe arrangement of materials within a work; the relationship of the parts of the work as a whole; the logical divisions of a work56
7805740825syntaxthe structure of a sentence57
7805740826soliloquya speech in which a character who is alone speaks his or her thoughts aloud58
7805740827syllogisma form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them59
7805740828sonneta poem written in iambic pentameter, normally composed of 14 lines60
7805740829stereotypea conventional pattern, expression, character, or idea61
7805740830symbolsomething that is simultaneously itself and also a sign of something else62
7805740831thesisthe theme, meaning, or position that a writer endeavors to prove support63
7805740832themethe main thought expressed by a work64
7805740833tonethe manner in which the author expresses his or her attitude65
7805755321gustatorysensory word for taste66
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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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7160857023adage (noun)A saying/proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language.0
7160857024Aphorism (n)A short, pithy statement of a generally accepted truth or sentiment.1
7160857025Apollonian (adj)In contrast to Dionysian, it refers to the most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior.2
7160857026Asyndeton (n)Omission of the conjunctions that ordinarily join coordinate words or clauses (as in "I came, I saw, I conquered")3
7160857027Bildungsroman (n)A German word referring to a novel structured as a series of events that take place as the hero travels in quest of a goal; a coming-of-age story.4
7160857028Bathos (n)The use of insincere or overdone sentimentality; the sudden appearance of a silly or commonplace idea ir event in a book, movie, discussion, etc., that is serious in tone.5
7160857029Bombast (n)Inflated, pretentious language used for trivial subjects.6
7160857030cacophony (n)Grating, inharmonious sounds.7
7160857031Canto (n)A divider in long poems, much like chapters in a novel.8
7160857032Dionysian (adj)As distinguished from Apollonian, the word refers to sensual, pleasure seeking impulses.9
7160857033Doggerel (adj)Crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme.10
7160857034Epitaph (n)Lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place; usually a line or handful of lines, often serious or religious, but sometimes witty and even irreverent.11
7160857035epigram (n)A concise but ingenious, witty and thoughtful statement.12
7160857036Eponymous (adj)A term for the title character of a work of literature; of, relating to, or being the person or thing for whom or which something is named.13
7160857037Exegesis (n)A detailed analysis or interpretation of a work of literature.14
7160857038In Medias ResLatin for "in the midst of things"; a narrative that starts not at the beginning of events but at some other critical point.15
7160857039archetype (n)An abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model/form.16
7160857040Black Humor (n)This is the use of disturbing themes in comedy .e.g. two tramps comically debating over which should commit suicide first, and whether the branches of a tree will support their weight.17
7160857041Classicism (n)Deriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity and restraint.18
7160857042Conceit (n)A diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language; a startling or unusual metaphor, or a metaphor developed and expanded upon several lines.19
7160857043Denouement (n)The resolution that occurs at the end of a play or work or fiction.20
7160857044Deus Ex Machina (n)In literature, a character or thing that suddenly enters the story in a novel, play, movie, etc., and solves a problem that had previously seemed impossible to solve.21
7160857045harangue (n)A forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade.22
7160857046Lampoon (n)A satire.23
7160857047Litotes (n)A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.24
7160857048motif (n)A phrase, idea, event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in a work of literature.25
7160857049Non Sequitur (n)A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.26
7160857050pathetic fallacy (n)Faulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects.27
7160857051Rhetoric (n)The language of a work and it's style; words, often highly emotional, used to convince or sway an audience.28
7160857052Stock Characters (n)Standard character types; the drunk, the miser, the foolish girl, etc.29
7160857053Subtext (n)The implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of a work of literature.30
7160857054Synecdoche (n)A figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole or the whole signifies the part.31
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Figurative Language- AP Prep Flashcards

One meaning of the word "figure" is "image" or "picture." Figurative language creates pictures in the mind of the reader. These figures help convey meaning and understanding faster and more vividly than words alone. We use "figures of speech" in figurative language to color and interest, and to awaken the imagination. Figurative language is everywhere, from classical works by Shakespeare and the Bible to everyday speech. It is even in tons of pop music, television shows, and commercials.

Figurative language is the opposite of literal language, which mean exactly what it says.

Example: He ran fast. (literal)
He ran like the wind. (figurative)

Works Cited- www.englishclub.com

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7743483082PersonificationUsing human characteristics to describe non-human things (objects, animals) Example sentence: The delicious bread danced in my stomach.0
7743483083MetaphorComparison between two unrelated things NOT using words such as "like" or "as"- an assertion that one thing IS another thing Example: How could she marry that snake?1
7743483084OnomatopoeiaWord that imitates a sound BANG!2
7743483085ImageryDescriptive language that creates a picture in one's mind while reading Example: The busy squirrels ran through the lush, green trees, chasing acorns and packing them away for colder days.3
7743483086HyperboleGross over-exaggeration for emphasis/effect Example sentence: I've said that a million times.4
7743483087AlliterationRepetition of beginning consonant sounds. Example: The fog filtered over the field finally hiding the fence.5
7743483088SimileComparison between two unrelated things using "like" or "as." Example: Jose sleeps like a log.6
7743483089SymbolObject used to represent an idea or concept. Example: Kiowa's New Testament was a symbol of his father, his family, his faith.7
7743483090IronyUsing a word or a phrase to mean exactly opposite of its normal meaning. Example: Calling a boy "Stretch" when he is short.8
7743483091OxymoronUsing two contradictory words for a special effect. Example: Jumbo shrimp9
7743483092PunOne word sounds the same as another word with different meaning; a play on words Example: "A clock goes back four seconds."10
7743483093AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds- not rhyming because end consonants don't match Example: Great Lake11
7743483094ConsonanceRepetition of consonant sounds anywhere within the words of a phrase (not limited to beginnings, like alliteration. Example: Sally sells seashells on the seashores12
7743483095EuphemismUsing appropriate language to describe something inappropriate or uncomfortable. Example: "Restroom" instead of "Toilet"13
7743483096ClicheOverused expression that loses its meaning Example: "As busy as a bee."14
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AP Language Devices Flashcards

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7076895948Rhetoricthe art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially with the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques. (The very act of defending has itself been a central part of rhetoric).0
7076895949BombasticHigh sounding but with little meaning; inflated;grandiloquent.1
7076895950EthosAppeal based on the character of speaker. Meaning convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader (speaker).2
7076895951LogosAn appeal to logic or reason. For example scholarly documents.3
7076895952PathosAppeal on emotion. The quality that evokes pity or sadness.4
7076895953CapriciousImpulsive; unpredictable. Sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior.5
7076895954ToneWriter's attitude, mood or moral outlook toward the subject and/or the readers.6
7076895955Appealthe power of arousing a sympathetic response, to arouse a sympathetic response.7
7076895956ArgumentDiscourse intended to persuade; process of reasoning; exchange of diverging/ opposite views.8
7076895957Colloquialism (Colloquial)a word or phrase that is not formal or literary. It is still used in literature to provide a sense of actual conversation and the use of pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary of everyday speech.9
7076895958Connotationand idea or feeling that a word evokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. Words imply or suggest qualities, attributes, and characteristics.10
7076895959Apathylack of interest, enthusiasm or concern. No emotion11
7076895960DialectA variety of language confined to a region or group, manner or means of expressing oneself.12
7076895961UnderstatementStatement which says less than is really meant. Opposite of hyperbole. Made smaller, worse, or less important than really is. Minimizing.13
7076895962HyperboleDeliberate and obvious exaggeration for effect.14
7076895963Anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real person or incident.15
7076895964CondescendingHaving or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority.16
7076895965VoiceAn authors distinctive literary style, basic vision and general attitude toward the world. Revealed through the use of Syntax, Diction, Punctuation, Characterization, and Dialogue.17
7076895966SyntaxSentence construction18
7076895967DictionAuthor's choice of words. Distinctive vocabulary.19
7076895968AssertionA confident and forceful statement of fact or belief. A declaration that's made em pathetically in an argument as it to be understood as a statement of fact.20
7076895969Cogent(of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing.21
7076895970Coherent(of an argument, theory, or policy) logical and consistent22
7076895971Cohesivecharacterized by or causing cohesion (act or state of being uniting, cohering, or sticking together).23
7076895972Didacticintended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.24
7076895973Discoursewritten or spoken communication or debate. (verb) speak or write authoritatively about a topic.25
7076895974Eloquencefluent or persuasive speaking or writing.26
7076895975Fluidable to flow easily.27
7076895976implicationthe conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated.28
7076895977lucidexpressed clearly; easy to understand29
7076895978rhetora teacher of rhetoric30
7076895979Arbitera person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter31
7076895980Biasedunfairly prejudiced for or against something or someone.32
7076895981Exculpateshow or declare that (someone) is not guilty of wrongdoing33
7076895982Impartialtreating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.34
7076895983Incontrovertiblenot able to be denied or disputed.35
7076895984Integritythe quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.36
7076895985Objectivitythe quality of being objective; justice; neutrality37
7076895986Plausible(of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable.38
7076895987Substantiatedprovide evidence to support or prove that truth of.39
7076895988vindicatedclear (something) of blame or suspicion.40
7076895989CondescendingHaving or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority.41
7076895990Contemptuousshowing contempt; scornful42
7076895991Despoticof, relating to, or characteristics of a despot (ruler with total power; usually unfair)43
7076895992Dictatorialof or typical of a ruler with total control44
7076895993Disdainthe feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect; contempt.45
7076895994Haughtyarrogantly superior and disdainful.46
7076895995Imperiousassuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering.47
7076895996Patronizingtreat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority.48
7076895997Listlesslacking energy or enthusiasm.49
7076895998Melancholya feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause.50
7076895999Torpora state of physical or mental inactivity51
7076896000alliancea relationship based on an affinity in interests, nature, or qualities.52
7076896001disparitya great difference, imbalance.53
7076896002impingehave an affect or impact, especially a negative one. Influence.54
7076896003Paradoxa state or proposition that, despite reasoning, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, self-contradictory.55
7076896004allusionan expression to call something to mind without mentioning it exactly; an indirect or passing reference.56
7076896005parallelismthe act of being parallel or corresponding in some way.57
7076896006indolentwanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.58
7076896007insipid.lacking flavor, vigor or interest.59
7076896008lamenta passionate expression or grief or sorrow.60
7076896009Sanctiona threatening penalty for disobeying a law or rule61
7076896010servilehaving or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others.62
7076896011suppressedforcibly to an end to.63
7076896012Embellishmake (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features.64
7076896013floridhaving a red or flushed complexion65
7076896014opulentostentatiously rich and luxurious or lavish66
7076896015ornatemade in an intricate shape or decorated with complex patterns.67
7076896016ostentatiouscharacterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice.68
7076896017poignantevoking a keen sense or sadness or regret.69
7076896018Ebulliencethe quality of being cheerful and full of energy; exuberance.70
7076896019effusiveexpressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.71
7076896020egregiousoutstandingly bad; shocking.72
7076896021freneticfast and energetic in a rather wild and uncontrolled way.73
7076896022gratuitousuncalled for; lacking good reason; unwarranted74
7076896023flagrant(of something considered wrong or immoral) conspicuously or obviously offensive75
7076896024superfluousunnecessary, especially through being more than enough.76
7076896025convolutedextremely complex and difficult to follow (especially or a story, sentence, or argument).77
7076896026cryptichaving a meaning that is mysterious or obscure78
7076896027Obscureuncertain; not discovered or know about.79
7076896028futileincapable of producing any useful result; pointless.80
7076896029impededelay or prevent by obstructing them; hinder.81
7076896030quandarya state of perplexity or uncertainty over what what to do in a difficult situation.82
7076896031alleviatemake (suffering or a problem) less severe.83
7076896032asylumthe protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee. ( or it can be a mental hospital).84
7076896033auspiciousconductive to success; favorable.85
7076896034benevolentwell meaning and kindly86
7076896035benigngentle, kindly.87
7076896036Mollifyappease the anger or anxiety of (someone)88
7076896037reclamationreclaiming; reformation, recovery. (or it can be land obtained from water)89
7076896038SanctionApproval or permission for an action90
7076896039DubiousNot to be relied upon; suspect (hesitating or doubting)91
7076896040Fabricatedinvent or concoct (something), typically with deceitful intent92
7076896041Hypocrisythe practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one's own behavior does not conform; pretense93
7076896042Slandermake false and damaging statements about (someone).94
7076896043spuriousnot being what it purports to be; false or fake95
7076896044Astutehaving or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage96
7076896045clandestineoperation is an intelligence or millitary operation carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed by the general population97
7076896046disingenuousnot candid or sincere, typically by pretending that one knows less about something than one really does.98
7076896047rusean action intended to deceive someone; a trick99
7076896048stratagema plan or scheme, especially one used to outwit an opponent or achieve an end100
7076896049surreptitiouskept secret, especially because it would not be approved of.101
7076896050waryfeeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems102
7076896051wilyskilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully.103
7076896052inconsequentialnot important or significant104
7076896053superficialexisting or occurring at or on the surface. (appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely).105
7076896054tenuousvery weak or slight >( small in degree).106
7076896055trivialof little value or importance107
7076896056coupa sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.108
7076896057Ambiguous(of language) open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning.109
7076896058ambivalenthaving mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.110
7076896059apatheticshowing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.111
7076896060Arbitrarybased on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.112
7076896061capriciousgiven to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior113
7076896062equivocateuse ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself.114
7076896063indifferenthaving no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.115
7076896064whimsicalplayfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way116
7076896065assiduousshowing great care and perseverance117
7076896066compellingevoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way118
7076896067diligenthaving or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties119
7076896068doggedhaving or showing tenacity and grim persistence.120
7076896069enduresuffer (something painful or difficult) patiently121
7076896070intrepidfearless; adventurous (often used for rhetorical or humorous effect)122
7076896071maverickan unorthodox or independent-minded person123
7076896072obduratestubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action124
7076896073obstinatestubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so125
7076896074proliferateincrease rapidly in numbers; multiply126
7076896075tenacitythe quality or fact of being able to grip something firmly; grip.127
7076896076vitalitythe state of being strong and active; energy128
7076896077assimilationthe process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group129
7076896078consensusgeneral agreement.130
7076896079contextthe set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation.131
7076896080derivedobtain something from (a specified source)132
7076896081incumbentnecessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.133
7076896082inevitablecertain to happen; unavoidable134
7076896083malleableeasily influenced; pliable135
7076896084subdueovercome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person)136
7076896085Inoculatemedical : to give (a person or animal) a weakened form of a disease in order to prevent infection by the disease137
7076896086Lurid: causing shock or disgust : involving sex or violence in a way that is meant to be shocking : shining or glowing with a bright and unpleasant color138
7076896087Putrefyingto be slowly destroyed by natural processes : to rot and become putrid139
7076896088Somnolent1 : of a kind likely to induce sleep 2 a : inclined to or heavy with sleep : drowsy140
7076896089Dourserious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy141
7076896090Errantserious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy142
7076896091Bewildered1 : to cause to lose one's bearings 2 : to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations143
7076896092Astroturfed—used for an artificial surface that resembles grass144
7076896093GeriatricAn old person y145
7076896094Tromped1 : tramp 1 2 : to step hard : stamp 146
7076896095Connoisseur: a person who knows a lot about something (such as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a particular subject147
7076896096Attestingto show, prove, or state that something is true or real148
7076896097Soporific: causing a person to become tired and ready to fall asleep149
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Crash Course AP English Language Chapter 3 Flashcards

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6995143371allegorytells a literary story by using another story, a figurative one, to create ambiguity. Ex: Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels0
6995143372autobiographyan author's story of his or her own life; written in first person. Varies from memoir in that it generally reads less like a novel and more like a chronological account, though there are no rules for either.1
6995143373biographya third-person account of another's life2
6995143374blog postan entry on a personal or professional website; can be on any topic, from any point of view, and written for various audiences, various purposes.3
6995143375creative nonfictiona relatively new genre, tells true stories using the tools fiction writers use, such as plot narratives, imagery, dialogue, and more. Topics are diverse, from personal narratives to travelogues, and more.4
6995143376critiquesimilar to a review, points out the strengths and weaknesses of a work5
6995143377debatea spoken event in which participants argue a controversial issue.6
6995143378diaryan account that is kept daily, or almost daily, by an individual to record events of his/her life and to express his/her views7
6995143379excerpta short portion of a larger text meant to stand on its own.8
6995143380editorialwritten by the editor of a newspaper, traditionally, it expresses the view of the editor on an issue prominent in the news. Typically short and generally persuasive.9
6995143381eyewitness accounta first-person report of an individual who witnesses an important or significant event. More than one is desired for a more objective view or reality.10
6995143382fablea narrative meant to teach a lesson in which the characters are sometimes animal representatives of human types or specific human beings, especially if used for satirical purposes11
6995143383historya factual account of an event or period in time12
6995143384historical commentaryone person's view of an event, so opinion is based on research, fact, or observation13
6995143385homilya sermon or a lecture, generally narrative in style, with a moralizing (didactic) purpose14
6995206285imagegraph, chart, or other infographic. Could also be a photograph or other type of visual image.15
6995206286lettercan take various forms, from business to personal correspondence. Were historically preserved. Written for a wide variety of purposes: to inform, persuade, entertain, satirize, criticize, and more. Epistolary style means in ___ form.16
6995206287literary criticismmeasures a work of literature against current standards; an analysis of a work that investigates a certain aspect of that work, such as symbolism or irony. May also discuss the work as seen through a specific literary theory, such as feminist, Freudian, or Marxist.17
6995206288memoira personal narrative that reflects upon one's own life experiences. May be less chronological and encompassing than a typical autobiography.18
6995206289monologueone voice, generally first-person, narrates a train of thought or consciousness on one topic. Typically spoken, as on the stage for an audience.19
6995206290personal reminiscencefirst-person account of a particular event in time20
6995206291political cartoongenerally a one-celled comic, primarily satire, which hopes to point out inadequacies or corruption in the political sphere21
6995206292reviewgives the writer's informed opinion about the quality of literary works, movies or other visual media, art, music, even restaurants.22
6995206293satireseeks to improve society by showing its faults through irony and humor, either with a friendly judge or sharp-edged jabs23
6995206294sermona speech given by the clergy to the congregation, typically didactic in nature24
6995206295social criticismvarious subgenres meant to criticize current social trends, philosophies, standards, mores, etc.25
6995206296speechoral essay, commentary. Spoken to an intended audience, which impacts word choice, etc.26
6995206297travelogue/place essaythe setting provides the basis for writing; the author recognizes something significant in the setting27
6995206298treatisea formal and systematic exposition in writing of the principles of a subject, generally longer and more detailed than an essay28
6995400147analogyto explain something abstract or complex by showing its similarity to something simpler and more concrete. The writer should assume that the reader is familiar with the subject. The main purpose is to explain.29
6995403074cause and effectthe writer wishes to explain why. Types of causes are the immediate causes, which are encountered first, and the ultimate causes, which are the basic, underlying factors that explain the more apparent causes. The writer must consider all possible relevant factors. There must be evidence for all assertions and attention to objectivity.30
6995407630classificationthe author divides the subject into categories or other systems to analyze the material, such as types, sizes, number, appearance, prevalence, etc. The system needs to be logical and consistent throughout the essay.31
6995409978comparison and contrastthe similarities and differences between two subjects.32
6995411416definitionwhen terms need clarification because they are ambiguous, abstract, unusual, or otherwise not generally understood. There are several ways. One is through exclusion or differentiation, which shows what is not meant by the term, also called clarification by negation. Writers can also give examples to illustrate the definition. This type of essay, or extended definition, will most likely do more than simply ___. The writer seeks also to bring about a greater sense of understanding on an important topic or issue.33
6995424261descriptioneither objective or subjective. Subjective begins in fact. Careful ___ helps readers see things more clearly, understand abstract concepts more simply, and appreciate ideas and events in a more personal way. Imagery and sensory language nearly always engage the reader emotionally. The writer hopes to present a single, dominant impression.34
6995429418exemplificationuses examples to put abstract or complex ideas into a simpler, more concrete form. To support an argument, a writer must choose a clearly typical example or present several examples that represent the situation fairly. Examples must be relevant or pertinent to the argument.35
6995440932narrationtells a story and uses the tools of fiction: selection of important, telling details; logical order of events, which may or may not add an element of suspense; transitions to mark time and events; a ___ point of view, which affects how readers view events; and even dialogue. These essays, while nonfiction, may read like short stories, but the characters and events are derived from real life. The overall purpose is to illuminate or explain.36
6995448573process analysistwo kinds of processes: a set of directions, how to do something; and an information process, which explains how something is done or how it works or operates. Can be written in chronological order. Some are more complicated and require a different approach.37
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AP Spanish Language - Artists Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9049352157Diego Velázquez - Las Meninas0
9049352158Diego Velázquez - Juan de Pareja1
9049352159Diego Velázquez - Esopo2
9049352160Diego Velázquez - La vieja cocinera3
9049352161Diego Velázquez - Los borrachos4
9049352162Diego Velázquez - La fragua de Vulcano5
9049352163Francisco Goya - Autorretrato6
9049352164Francisco Goya - La familia de Carlos IV7
9049352165Francisco Goya - El milagro de San Antonio8
9049352166Francisco Goya - Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos9
9049352167Francisco Goya - Duquesa de Alba10
9049352168Francisco Goya - Maja vestida11
9049352169Francisco Goya - Maja desnuda12
9049352170Francisco Goya - El burro (los caprichos)13
9049352171Francisco Goya - ¡Que viene el coco! (los caprichos)14
9049352172Francisco Goya - El sueño de la razón produce monstruos (los caprichos)15
9049352173Francisco Goya - El dos de mayo16
9049352174Francisco Goya - El tres de mayo17
9049352175Francisco Goya - Dos viejos comiendo sopa (las pinturas negras)18
9049352176Francisco Goya - Saturno devorando a su hijo (las pinturas negras)19
9049352177Pablo Picasso - Pordiosera arrodillada (azul)No Image20
9049352178Pablo Picasso - La vida (azul)21
9049352179Pablo Picasso - Las dos hermanas (azul)22
9049352180Pablo Picasso - Dora Maar sentada (cubismo)23
9049352181Pablo Picasso - Las señoritas de Aviñón24
9049352182Pablo Picasso - Guernica25
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AP Language: Vocabulary Set Four Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5375728094akin(adj.) similar or related0
5375730539corroborate(verb) to support or help prove1
5375732499inexorable(adj.) not able to be stopped or changed2
5375732500insipid(adj.) not interesting or exciting; dull or boring3
5375736902nefarious(adj.) evil or immoral4
5375739420physiognomy(noun) a person's facial features5
5375741494retinue(noun) a group of helpers, supporters, or followers6
5375743380suppliant(noun) a person making a humble plea to someone in power or authority7
5375743381tedium(noun) the quality or state of being tedious or boring8
5375746155torrid(adj.) very hot and usually dry9
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AP Language Flashcards

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5418700996Antithesis/ DualityOpposition/contrast of ideas in a parallel construction "We shall support any friend, oppose any foe." "Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more"0
5418700997EllipsisThe omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues. "He said I love you... not sure."1
5418701541ConntationMeanings or associations that readers have with a word that go beyond its dictionary definition, or detonation. Connotations are often positive or negative depending on the author's tone. "That cat is plump" vs "That cat is fat"2
5418701542EthosCharacter, Credibility, Trustworthy appeal3
5418701543PathosGreek: Suffering or Experience Emotion appeal4
5418702269DenotationThe literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.5
5418702270ExpositionA comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.6
5418703128Extended Metaphora comparison between two things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.7
5418703129JuxapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences8
5418703130AllusionBrief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictions) or to a work of art9
5418704016SatiricThe use of irony or sarcasm to critique society or an individual10
5418704017DictionA speaker's choice of words and their meaning for the choices.11
5418704611SynthesisCombining two or more ideas in order to create something more complex in order to support an idea Summary from multiple sources12
5418704612ToneA speaker's attitude toward the subject conveyed by the speaker's style and rhetoric13
5418704613VoiceThe individual writing style of an author, a combination of idiotypical usage of syntax, diction, punctuation, character development, dialogue, etc., within a given body of text (or across several works).14
5418705274SymbolismThe use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. Generally, it is an object representing another to give it an entirely different meaning that is much deeper and more significant.15
5418705275Rhetoric"The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." The art of persuading an audience16
5418705298PersonificationAttribution of lifelike quality to an intimate object or an idea17
5418706280ImageryA description of how something looks, feels, tastes, smells, or sounds. May use literal or figurative language to appeal to the senses18
5418707271LogosGreek: embodied thought Reason, logic appeal19
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