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AP World History 2 Chapter 21 Terms Flashcards

The terms and definitions for the vocabulary terms in Ways of the World: Chapter 22.

6599276232	Berlin Wall	Wall constructed by East German authorities in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from the West; it was breached on November 9, 1989.	0
6599276233	Bolsheviks	Russian revolutionary party led by Vladimir Lenin and later renamed the Communist Party; the name "Bolshevik" means "the majority."	1
6599276234	building socialism	Euphemistic expression for the often-forcible transformation of society when a communist regime came to power in a state.	2
6599276235	Castro, Fidel	Revolutionary leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008 who gradually turned to Soviet communism and engendered some of the worst crises of the cold war.	3
6599276236	Chinese Revolution	Long revolutionary process in the period 1912-1949 that began with the overthrow of the Chinese imperial system and ended with the triumph of the Communist Party under the leadership of Mao Zedong.	4
6599276237	cold war	Political and ideological state of near-war between the Western world and the communist world that lasted from 1946 to 1991.	5
6599276238	collectivization	Process of rural reform undertaken by the communist leadership of both the USSR and China in which private property rights were abolished and peasants were forced onto larger and more industrialized farms to work and share the proceeds as a community rather than as individuals.	6
6599276239	Comintern	In full, "Communist International"; Soviet organization intended to control the policies and actions of other communist states.	7
6599276240	Cuban missile crisis	Major standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba; the confrontation ended in compromise, with the USSR removing its missiles in exchange for the United States agreeing not to invade Cuba.	8
6599276241	Cultural Revolution	China's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a massive campaign launched by Mao Zedong in the mid-1960s to combat the capitalist tendencies that he believed reached into even the highest ranks of the Communist Party; the campaign threw China into chaos.	9
6599276242	Deng Xiaoping	Leader of China from 1976 to 1997 whose reforms essentially dismantled the communist elements of the Chinese economy.	10
6599276243	glasnost	Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of "openness," which allowed greater cultural and intellectual freedom and ended most censorship of the media; the result was a burst of awareness of the problems and corruption of the Soviet system.	11
6599276244	Gorbachev, Mikhail	Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 whose efforts to reform the USSR led to its collapse.	12
6599276245	Great Leap Forward	Major Chinese initiative (1958-1960) led by Mao Zedong that was intended to promote small-scale industrialization and increase knowledge of technology; in reality, it caused a major crisis and exacerbated the impact of a devastating famine.	13
6599276246	Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution	Mao Zedong's great effort in the mid-1960s to weed out capitalist tendencies that he believed had developed in China.	14
6599276247	Great Purges	Also called the Terror, the Great Purges of the late 1930s were a massive attempt to cleanse the Soviet Union of supposed "enemies of the people"; nearly a million people were executed between 1936 and 1941, and 4 million or 5 million more were sentenced to forced labor in the gulag.	15
6599276248	gulag	Acronym for the Soviet government agency that administered forced labor camps.	16
6599276249	Guomindang	The Chinese Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek from 1928 until its overthrow by the communists in 1949.	17
6599276250	Nikita Khrushchev	Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964.	18
6599276251	Lenin	Adopted name of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870-1924), the main leader of Russia's communist revolution and head of the Soviet state from 1917 until his death.	19
6599276252	Mao Zedong	Chairman of China's Communist Party and de facto ruler of China from 1949 until his death in 1976.	20
6599276253	McCarthyism	Wave of anticommunist fear and persecution that took place in the United States in the 1950s.	21
6599276254	national security state	Form of government that arose in the United States in response to the cold war and in which defense and intelligence agencies gained great power and power in general came to be focused in the executive branch.	22
6599276255	perestroika	Bold economic program launched in 1987 by Mikhail Gorbachev with the intention of freeing up Soviet industry and businesses.	23
6599276256	Russian Revolution	Massive revolutionary upheaval in 1917 that overthrew the Romanov dynasty in Russia and ended with the seizure of power by communists under the leadership of Lenin.	24
6599276257	Joseph Stalin	Name assumed by Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili (1878-1953), leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death; "Stalin" means "made of steel."	25
6599276258	Warsaw Pact	Military alliance of the USSR and the communist states of Eastern Europe during the cold war.	26
6599276259	Zhenotdel	Women's Department of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1930; Zhenotdel worked strongly to promote equality for women.	27

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AP World History, Chapter 21 Flashcards

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6140182844	Ivan III (also Ivan the Great)	Prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Ceasar - equivalent of emperor	0
6140196308	Ivan IV (also Ivan the Terrible)	confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture	1
6140221715	Cossacks	peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements	2
6140232074	Time of Troubles	followed death of Russian tsar Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613	3
6140240556	Romanov dynasty	dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles; ruled Russia until 1917	4
6140246743	Alexis Romanov	Russian heir to the throne at the time of the Russian revolution and the youngest member of the royal family at the time of their execution	5
6140255224	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization	6
6140264564	Peter I (also Peter the Great)	son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models	7
6140277353	Catherine the Great	German born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry	8
6140294797	Pugachev rebellion	during 1770s in reign of Catherine the Great; led by Cossack Emelian Pugachev who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crashed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter	9
6140311622	partition of Poland	division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia and Austria in 1772, 1793 and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe	10

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AP Language Vocabulary #9 Flashcards

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6019966755	Boisterous	Noisy, loud, rough	0
6019966756	Compassionate	Sympathetic	1
6019966757	Confident	Assured, certain, bold	2
6019969106	Effusive	Excessively emotional in an unrestrained manner	3
6019969107	Elated	Joyful	4
6019969108	Exuberant	Elaborate, flowery	5
6019971648	Fanciful	Imaginative, whimsical	6
6019971649	Genial	Cheerful, friendly	7
6019973947	Jocular	Joking, humorous, full of fun	8
6019973948	Mirthful	Merry	9
6019973949	Nostalgic	Longingly	10
6019976767	Optimistic	Positive	11
6019976768	Sanguine	Cheerful, confident, optimistic	12
6020026651	Whimsical	Full of whimsy, fanciful, out of the ordinary	13
6020026652	Wistful	Expressing vague yearnings	14
6020028773	Admonitory	Admonishing, warning	15
6020028774	Condemnatory	Condemning, declaring guilt	16
6020030537	Exacerbated	Intense, angry	17
6020030538	Incendiary	Willfully stirring up strife, riot, rebellion	18
6020033521	Incensed	Angry, wrathful	19
6020044047	Indignant	Scornful, angry	20
6020044048	Inflammatory	Rousing excitement, anger, violence	21
6020044049	Irate	Angry, wrathful, incensed	22
6020046741	Livid	with rage	23
6020046742	Pretentious	Affectedly grand, ostentatious, showy	24
6020046743	Resentful	Offended	25
6020049641	Vexed	Distressed, annoyed	26
6020049642	Chagrined	Sorrowful, gloomy	27
6020051329	Disconcerted	Frustrated	28
6020051330	Foreboding	Warning of something bad to come	29
6020052931	Melancholic	Pensive, sad, gloomy	30
6020052932	Mournful	Expressing sorrow, depression	31
6020052933	Ominous	Threatening, sinister	32
6020052934	Resigned	Submissive, yielding	33
6020052935	Sober	Serious, solemn, grave	34
6020055327	Solemn	Sacred, formal, somber	35
6020066067	Staid	Fixed, settled, sober, sedate	36

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AP World History: Chapter 16 Flashcards

newest notes updated, sorry this is so late

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5963321565	protestant reformation	a European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church started by Martin Luther in 1517	0
5963321566	protestant reformation effects	1) a more fragmented religious system in an already fragmented political system in Europe 2) wars were fought in the 1500s-1600s 3) Europe experiences a more dedicated and renewed sense of Christianity	1
5963345234	Spread of Christianity by the British	1) spread with the spread of settlers 2) did not spread to Native Americans 3) mostly protestant	2
5963389111	Spread of Christianity by the Spanish	1) most successful in spread; by 1700 most people in the Spanish colonies were Christian 2) established a strong cultural presence 3) used education, missionary efforts, and force	3
5963392124	Spread of Christianity into China	1) Jesuits learned about Chinese culture and confucianism; targeted Chinese elites 2) 1550-1800: 200000-300000 converts 3) Christianity was favored for a while due to their connections to science 4) Jesuits fell out of favor during the 18th century and Christianity has little adherents in China today 5) reasons for unpopularity: China already had strong belief systems and Christainity required complete abandonment of Chinese culture	4
5963405022	Jesuits	group of Catholic priests who perform missionary work	5
5963409069	syncretism	blending and mixing of religion	6
5983244393	changes in China's culture	1) challenges to social, economic, and political tradition emerged 2) 1490s 3) Neo confucianism 4) New ways of thinking emerged within China's popular belief systems: more individualism 5) Kaozheng 6) popular culture among the common citizen emerged (paintings, short stories, novels)	7
5983317022	Kaozheng	a movement in Chinese elite culture that emphasized the importance of verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis	8
5983244394	changes in India's culture	1) Bhakti Hinduism 2) Sikhism	9
5983341947	Bhakti Hinduism	a more devotional type of Hinduism	10
5983341962	Sikhism	1) new religion caused by blending of Islam and Hindu 2) evolved from a peaceful movement to a more military one	11
5983248485	changes in Islamic culture	1) expanded to America from African Muslims in the slave trade 2) Wahhabi movement	12
5984146707	Wahhabi Movement	1) called for a renewal to Islam's traditional beliefs 2) connected to the beginnings of Saudi Arabia	13
5983251838	origins of the Scientific Revolution	1) started in Europe 2) 1550-1700 3) Europe had a more favorable legal and political system that was independent and less controlled; new things can develop 4) relative autonomy of European universities 5) increasing global interactions and connections	14
5983253320	Scientific Revolution	movement that emphasized the application of human reason to better understand the physical universe and the world around us	15
5984498249	Scientific revolution people	1) Nicolaus Copernicus: heliocentrism 2) Isaac Newton: theory of gravity and laws of motion	16
5983257574	The Enlightenment	1) the application of human reason to understand and create better human societies 2) humans have natural rights and the government should protect them 3) questioned patriarchy, social hierarchy, and religion 4) called for a more constitutionally based government 5) beginnings of modern capitalism	17
5984525668	Mary Wollstonecraft	an Enlightenment author; one of the pioneers of feminism	18
5984530830	Voltaire	an Enlightenment author who often criticized authority and religion	19
5983260519	significance of scientific revolution and Englightenment	1) become the basis of a new universal worldview 2) challenged the church and religion 3) challenged and also supported hierarchies (social, racial, political) 4) supported the coming industrial revolution	20

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ap world history final Flashcards

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5914552266	Hammurabi's Code	sophisticated code associated with Babylonian king.	0
5914564862	Paleolithic age	old stone age, before a.g	1
5914564863	Neolithic Age	period after a.g. developed	2
5914568522	Emperor Ashoka	Chandragupta's grandson, governor and conqueror who created well- integrated parts of India	3
5914568523	Zoroastrianism	a persian religion that influenced	4
5914572278	Rome	where early Christians lived	5
5914577863	roads,bridges, infastructure	what Han china and Rome used to extend military power	6
5914591714	Saint Peter	Jesus's Disciple who spread christianity	7
5914844032	Qanat System	Persian underground canals	8
5914930309	invasions	caused fall of rome and han dynasties	9
5914935977	Shamanism	belief in religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers and communicated w/gods and nature spirits.	10
5914938528	Animism	the belief that everything in nature is living	11
5914959443	confucianism	philosophy that emphasized order, role of men, obligation to society and reciprocity.	12
5914966372	daoism	philosophy that emphasized living in harmony, "the way"	13
5914970876	legalism	philosophy that emphasized strict legal control, monarchy and punishments	14
5914991347	persepolis	persia's capitol	15
5914994531	Chang'an	China's capitol	16
5915015400	Athens	capitol of Greece	17
5915019760	Constanstinople	rome's capitol	18
5915023952	urban centers/cities	where trade in period 3 happened	19
5915035402	China influenced Korea, Vietnam and Japan's _______________	writing	20
5915037473	Xiongnu	nomadic peoples of ancient central Asia. Weakened the Hans.	21
5915056190	The Mongols influenced Russia's ________	way of governing	22
5915073769	Effects of the cruscades	Spread Christianity and destruction, opened trade to W. Europe	23
5915100591	reached peak during reign of Mansa Musa	Kingdom of Mali	24
5915111663	Bantu Migrations	in W. Africa, traveled south and brought language,iron andagriculture	25
5915120962	Ibn Battuta	Traveled to Medina	26
5915123069	Marco Polo	went to mongol court, merchant,	27
5915133417	Mogadishu, Calicut, and Venice all are_________________	coastal trading ports	28
5915136982	Nutmeg	was very sought after in S.E. Asia	29
5915144035	Song Dynasty	followed Tang dynasty in china	30
5915151355	What brought down the Umayyad Dynasty?	The Abbasid Dynasty	31
5915158560	Middle Eastern City that was sacked by the Mongols?	Baghdad	32
5915168261	Igbo, Yorubart and Bini people are all from _____________	West Africa	33
5915171535	Li-Bo	Poet from tang dynasty in china	34
5915173438	Sundiata	founder of Mali empire	35
5915188420	Angkor kinlom	showed Hindu and Budhism culture melding together	36
5915204474	Bad land	what limited development of societies in C Aia	37
5915207555	Mongols	largest land empire EVER	38
5915213026	Vikings	earliest european explorer society	39
5915221668	Indian ocean trade	the trade network that traded heavy bulk items	40
5915232569	to get china	reason for early European exploration	41
5915240472	what the astrolabe measures	latitude	42
5915249604	secularism	separation of church and state	43

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AP World History Unit 4 Vocab Terms Flashcards

WHAP students, please use this set to review the Vocab.

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5803232377	Astrolabe	an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets, also an early form of the sextant	0
5803232378	Middle Passage	the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas	1
5803232379	Caravel	a small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.	2
5803232380	Joint-Stock Company	business entity which is owned by shareholders.	3
5803232381	Royal Chartered Monopoly Company	joint stock company that obtained a monopoly	4
5803232382	Manchus	Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties.	5
5803232383	Mercantilism	an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests	6
5803232384	Cash Crops	crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit, grown in the New World and sent back to Europe in the Triangle Trade.	7
5803232385	Vodun	african religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti.	8
5803232386	Cult of Saints	in the Americas, it was the adoption of Christianity, but still keeping old gods to match Christian ones	9
5803232387	Lady of Guadalupe	an Indian version of Mary seen by an Indian, and is an example of the Cult of Saints	10
5803232388	Sikhism	the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam	11
5803232389	Divine Right	belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.	12
5803232390	Devshirme	in the Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers	13
5803232391	Peninsulares	Spanish-born, came to Latin America, ruled, and was the highest social class	14
5803232392	Jesuits	members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe.	15
5803232393	Kaozheng Movement	the Chinese equivalent of the Scientific Revolution	16
5803232394	Shogun	the supreme military commander of Japan	17
5803232395	Chattel Slavery	ownership of human beings; a system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought as sold like property	18
5803232396	Indentured Servitude	person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to America.	19
5803232397	Encomienda	a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it	20
5803232398	Hacienda	the main house on a ranch or large estate, usually a Plantation	21
5803232399	Spanish Mita	way that colonial powers get goods they want without slaves/forced labor, bully countries into producing what they want them to	22
5803232400	Daimyo	a japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai	23
5803232401	Creoles	descendants of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status, second in power behind peninsulares	24
5803232402	Commercial Entrepreneur	someone who started their own business in order to make a profit by selling goods	25
5803232403	Zamindars	Hindu nobles, kept a portion of taxes paid by the local peasants, expected to forward the rest of their taxes from the land to the central government	26
5803232404	Mestizo	a person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry	27
5803232405	Mulatto	the term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent.	28
5803232406	Republica de Indios	Spanish America separates into two separate groups. Both have their own hereditary ability and have special treatment as a kind of aristocracy. The Indian nobility, however, dies out and Europeans move in and take over.	29
5803232407	Janissary	member of elite fighting force comprised of christian slaves in the Ottoman Empire	30
5803232408	Thirty Years War	a series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. (1618-1648)	31
5803232409	Trading Post Empire	built initially by the Portuguese, these were used to control the trade routes by forcing merchant vessels to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties there. 16th Century.	32
5803232410	Wahhabi Islam	major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia or Islamic law, extremists, against new science	33
5803232411	Yasak	a tribute that Russian rulers demanded from the native peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of fur	34

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AP World History Dates Flashcards

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5770961636	Neolithic Revoution	c. 8000 BC	0
5770961637	Bronze Age	c. 3000 BC	1
5770961638	Iron Age	c. 1300 BC	2
5770961639	Buddha, Confusius, and Laozi	c. 500s BC	3
5770961640	Greek Golden Age	c. 400s BC	4
5770961641	Death of Alexander the Great	323 BC	5
5770961642	Qin Dynasty Unifies China	221 BC	6
5770961643	Establishment of the Han Dynasty	206 BC	7
5770961644	Origin of Christianity	32 CE	8
5770961645	Pax Romana	180 CE	9
5770961646	Emperor Constantine Converts to Christianity	312 CE	10
5770961647	Establishment of Gupta Empire in India	320	11
5770961648	Constantinople becomes the Capital of Roman Empire	333	12
5770961649	Fall of Western Roman Empire	476	13
5770961650	Justinian begins rule of Byzantine Empire	527	14
5770961651	Founding of Islam	622	15
5770961652	Battle of Tours	732	16
5770961653	Great Schism	1054	17
5770961654	First Crusade	1095	18
5770961655	Genghis Kahn and Establishment of Mongol Empire	1206	19
5770961656	Mongols sack Baghdad	1258	20
5770961657	Mansa Musa's Hajj	1324	21
5770961658	Bubonic Plague in Europe	1347-1351	22
5770961659	Ming Dynasty	1368	23
5770961660	Inca Empire	1438	24
5770961661	Fall of Constantinople	1453	25
5770961662	Height of the Aztec Empire	c. 1480	26
5770961663	Spanish Reconquista/Columbus	1492	27
5770961664	Martin Luther/ Protestant Reformation	1517	28
5770961665	Spanish Armada	1588	29
5770961666	Founding of Jamestown	1607	30
5770961667	Thirty Years War	1618-1648	31
5770961668	Qing Dynasty	1644	32
5770961669	Glorious Revolution/ English Bill of Rights	1689	33

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AP World History Period 2 Flashcards

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5686952180	Ahura Mazda	In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.	0
5686952181	Alexander the Great	Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 B.C.E.), conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India.	1
5686952182	Aryans	Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians.	2
5686952183	Ashoka	The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance.	3
5686952184	Athenian democracy	A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot.	4
5686952185	Caesar Augustus	The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.).	5
5686952186	Cyrus (the Great)	Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation.	6
5686952187	Darius I	Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 B.C.E.) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire.	7
5686952188	Greco-Persian Wars	Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E. and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea.	8
5686952189	Gupta Empire	An empire of India (320-550 C.E.).	9
5686952190	Han dynasty	Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement.	10
5686952191	Hellenistic era	The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors.	11
5686952192	Herodotus	Greek historian known as the "father of history" (ca. 484-ca. 425 B.C.E.). His Histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480 B.C.E.	12
5686952193	hoplite	A heavily armed Greek infantryman. Over time, the ability to afford a hoplite panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship.	13
5686952194	Ionia	The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greeks and the Persian Empire.	14
5686952195	Mandate of Heaven	The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently.	15
5686952196	Battle of Marathon	Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E.	16
5686952197	Mauryan Empire	A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India.	17
5686952198	Olympic Games	Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus; founded in 776B.C.E. and celebrated every four years.	18
5686952199	Patricians	Wealthy, privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society.	19
5686952200	Pax Romana	The "Roman peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries C.E.	20
5686952201	Peloponnesian War	Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens's Golden Age.	21
5686952202	Persepolis	The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great.	22
5686952203	Persian Empire	A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E.	23
5686952204	Plebians	Poorer, less privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.	24
5686952205	Punic Wars	Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E., that culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean.	25
5686952206	Qin Dynasty	A short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period.	26
5686952207	Qin Shihuangdi	Literally "first emperor" (r. 221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.	27
5686952208	Solon	Athenian statesman and lawmaker (fl. 594-560 B.C.E.) whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy.	28
5686952209	Wudi	Han emperor (r. 141-86 B.C.E.) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats.	29
5686952210	Xiongnu	Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state.	30
5686952211	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty.	31
5686952212	Angra Mainyu	In Zoroastrianism, the evil god, engaged in a cosmic struggle with Ahura Mazda.	32
5686952213	Aristotle	A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.	33
5686952214	Atman	The human soul, which in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman.	34
5686952215	Ban Zhao	A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women.	35
5686952216	Bhagavad Gita	A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.	36
5686952217	bhakti movement	An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.	37
5686952218	Brahman	The "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief.	38
5686952219	Brahmins	The priestly caste of India.	39
5686952220	Buddhism	The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama	40
5686952221	Confucianism	The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.	41
5686952222	Confucius	The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history.	42
5686952223	Constantine	Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe.	43
5686952224	Daodejing	The central text of Daoism; translated as The Way and Its Power.	44
5686952225	Daoism	A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.	45
5686952226	Filial piety	The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism.	46
5686952227	Greek rationalism	A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.	47
5686952228	Hinduism	A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions.	48
5686952229	Hippocrates	A very influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460-ca. 370 B.C.E.); regarded as the father of medicine.	49
5686952230	Isiaih	One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.).	50
5686952231	Jesus of Nazareth	The prophet/god of Christianity(ca. 4 B.C.E.-ca. 30 C.E.).	51
5686952232	Yahweh	The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice.	52
5686952233	Karma	In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence.	53
5686952234	Laozi	A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism.	54
5686952235	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.	55
5686952236	Mahayana	"Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism.	56
5686952237	Moksha	In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman.	57
5686952238	Nirvana	The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion.	58
5686952239	Plato	A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E.	59
5686952240	Pythagoras	A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560-ca. 480 B.C.E.) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world.	60
5686952241	Saint Paul	The first great popularizer of Christianity (10-65 C.E.).	61
5686952242	Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)	The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism.	62
5686952243	Socrates	The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.).	63
5686952244	Theodosius	Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals.	64
5686952245	Theravada	"The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha as a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.	65
5686952246	Upanishads	Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.	66
5686952247	Vedas	The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E.	67
5686952248	Warring States Period	Period in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos.	68
5686952249	Yin and Yang	Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites.	69
5686952250	Zarathustra	A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism.	70
5686952251	Zoroastrianism	Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.	71
5686952252	caste as varna and jati	The system of social organization in India that has evolved over millennia; it is based on an original division of the populace into four inherited classes, with the addition of thousands of social distinctions based on occupation, which became the main cell of social life in India.	72
5686952253	dharma	In Indian belief, performance of the duties appropriate to an individual's caste; good performance will lead to rebirth in a higher caste.	73
5686952254	helots	The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society.	74
5686952255	karma	In Indian belief, the force generated by one's behavior in a previous life that decides the level at which an individual will be reborn.	75
5686952256	Ksatriya	The Indian social class of warriors and rulers.	76
5686952257	latifundia	Huge estates operated by slave labor that flourished in parts of the Roman Empire	77
5686952258	Pericles	A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.); presided over Athens's Golden Age.	78
5686952259	"ritual purity" in Indian social practice	In India, the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.	79
5686952260	scholar-gentry class	A term used to describe members of China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials.	80
5686952261	Sudra	The lowest Indian social class of varna; regarded as servants of their social betters; eventually included peasant farmers	81
5686952262	the "three obediences"	In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first that of her father, then of her husband, and finally of her son.	82
5686952263	Untouchables	An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work.	83
5686952264	Vaisya	The Indian social class that was originally defined as farmers but eventually comprised merchants.	84
5686952265	Wang Mang	A Han court official who usurped the throne and ruled from 8 C.E. to 23 C.E.; noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates.	85
5686952266	Empress Wu	The only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.); patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.	86
5686952267	Ancestral Pueblo	Formerly known as the Anasazi, this people established a mixed agricultural and gathering/hunting society in the southwestern part of North America.	87
5686952268	Axum	Classical-era kingdom of East Africa, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia; flourished from 100 to 600 C.E.	88
5686952269	Bantu expansion	Gradual migration of peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria and the Cameroons into most of eastern and southern Africa, a process that began around 3000 B.C.E. and continued for several millennia. The agricultural techniques and ironworking technology of thesefarmers gave them an advantage over the gathering and hunting peoples they encountered.	89
5686952270	Batwa	Forest-dwelling people of Central Africa who adopted some of the ways of their Bantu neighbors while retaining distinctive features of their own culture; also known as "Pygmies."	90
5686952271	Cahokia	The dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri; flourished from about 900 to 1250 C.E.	91
5686952272	Chaco Phenomenon	Name given to a major process of settlement and societal organization that occurred in the period 860-1130 C.E. among the peoples of Chaco canyon, in what is now northwestern New Mexico; the society formed is notable for its settlement in large pueblos and for the building of hundreds of miles of roads (the purpose of which is not known).	92
5686952273	Chavin	Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement from around 900 to 200 B.C.E.	93
5686952274	Coptic Christianity	The Egyptian variety of Christianity, distinctive in its belief that Christ has only a single, divine nature.	94
5686952275	Hopewell Culture	Named from its most important site (in present-day Ohio), this is the most elaborate and widespread of the North American mound building cultures; flourished from 200 B.C.E. to 400 C.E.	95
5686952276	Jenne-jeno	Largest and most fully studied of the cities of the Niger Valley civilization	96
5686952277	Maya	The major classical civilization of Mesoamerica; flourished from 250 to 900 C.E.	97
5686952278	Moche	An important regional civilization of Peru, governed by warrior-priests; flourished from around 100 to 800 C.E.	98
5686952279	Mound Builders	Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of the Mississippi River in what is now the United States and that are distinguished by their large earthen mounds, built during the period 2000 B.C.E.-1250 C.E.	99
5686952280	Nazca	A civilization of southern coastal Peru, the Nazca became famous for their underground irrigation channels and their gigantic and mysterious lines in the desert in the form of monkeys, birds, spiders, and other designs.	100
5686952281	Niger Valley Civilization	Distinctive city-based civilization that flourished from about 300 B.C.E. to about 900 C.E. in the floodplain of the middle Niger and that included major cities like Jenne-jeno; the Niger Valley civilization is particularly noteworthy for its apparent lack of centralized state structures, having been organized instead in clusters of economically specialized settlements.	101
5686952282	Pueblo	"Great house" of the Ancestral Pueblo people; a large, apartment building-like structure that could house hundreds of people.	102
5686952283	Semi-sedentary	Term frequently used to describe the peoples of the eastern woodlands of the United States, Central America, the Amazon basin, and the Caribbean islands who combined partial reliance on agriculture with gathering and hunting.	103
5686952284	Teotihuacán	The largest city of pre-Columbian America, with a population between 100,000 and 200,000; seemingly built to a plan in the Valley of Mexico, flourished between 300 and 600 C.E., during which time it governed or influenced much of the surrounding region. The name is an Aztec term meaning "city of the gods."	104
5686952285	Tikal	Major Maya city, with a population of perhaps 50,000 people.	105

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AP World History Review Flashcards

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5684417843	before the invention of writing	What time in the past does "prehistoric" refer to?	0
5684417844	bronze	Which of the following was NOT in wide use during the Neolithic Age	1
5684417845	nomadic lifestyle	Which of the following was NOT a result of the safer, more settled life of agricultural villages?	2
5684417846	Indus seals were found in Sumer and Sumerian items in the Indus Valley	How do we know that the people of the Indus Valley traded with the Sumerians?	3
5684417847	Its written language has not yet been deciphered	Why do we know so little about the Indus Valley civilization?	4
5684417848	Women could pursue careers and own property	What did Egyptian and Mesopotamian society have in common?	5
5684417849	by taking control of both northern and southern Mesopotamia	How did Sargon of Akkad form the first empire?	6
5684417850	The Nile flooded at regular intervals; the Tirgis and Euphrates flooded irreguluarly.	Why were the Egyptian farmers more fortunate than the farmers of Mesopotamia?	7
5684417851	Cities were planned and had their own plumbing and sewage systm	Which of the following distinguished the cities of the Indus Valley.	8
5684417852	Instead of maintaining Zhou control it led to independent lords.	How did feudalism in China fail in the end to fulfill its original purpose?	9
5684417853	Anatolia	Alexander the Great's first victories against the Persians gave him control of which region?	10
5684417855	People all over China could read it, even if they spoke other languages	What was a major advantage of the Chinese sytem of writing	11
5684417856	It allowed new rulers to justify the overthrow of a declining dynasty	How did the Mandate of Heaven affect government in China?	12
5684417857	herders	The Indo-European peoples that migrated from the steppes were mainly	13
5684417858	trade	Buddhism spread across Asia mostly as a result of...	14
5684417860	the Persians	Who was driven from Greece shortly before the golden age of Athens began?	15
5684417861	mountains	What seperated the different regions within Greece?	16
5684417862	Macedonia received effective assistance from Persia	Which of the following was NOT a reason why Macedonia conquered Greece?	17
5684417863	It became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic culture.	Why was Alexandria, Egypt, important during the Hellenistic period?	18
5684417864	nirvana	In Buddhism, the release from selfishness and pain is known as	19
5684417865	Aryans	The social class system that came to be known as the caste system was established in India by	20
5684417866	Torah	The most sacred writings of the Jewish religion are the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, known as the	21
5687123479	The establishment of a Confucian civil service examination did not significantly increase social mobility under the_______	Koryu Dynasty	22
5684417867	Phoenicians	The most able seafarers of the early Mediterranean were the	23
5684417868	reincarnation	Hinduism and Buddhism have a common belief in	24
5684417869	phonetic symbols	The phoenicians contributed greatly to written communication by introducing the first use of	25
5684417870	mutual promise between God and humanity	In the Hebrew tradition, a vconvenant is a(n)	26
5684417871	ironworking	The Hitties were able to excel at war because of their knowledge of	27
5684417872	introduction of the phonetic alphabet	A phoenician contribution that people still benefit from today is the	28
5684417873	moksha and nirvana	The two items below that are most similar are	29
5685065906	The Major power struggles in the early Roman republic were Between?	Members of the aristocracy and common citizens	30
5684417874	unify the people of Canaan into one kingdom	According to the Torah, Moses did all of the following EXCEPT	31
5684417875	Having little concern for nature	The minoans were known for all of the following EXCEPT -	32
5684417876	ethical monotheism	The emphasis on right conduct and the worship of one God is called	33
5684417877	unifying the 12 tribes	Israel's King Solomon was known for all of the following EXCEPT (constructing a great temple, building a trading empire, great wisdom or unifying the 12 tribes)	34
5684417878	civil and religious laws of Judaism	The Ten commandments became the basis for the	35
5684417879	the caste system	Hinduism and Buddhism differe significantly in their beliefs about	36
5684417882	played specific roles in society	During the Vedic Age, members of each varna	37
5684417883	Egypt's dominance of Nubia	What was the relationship between Egypt and Nubia during the period of the New Kingdom?	38
5684417884	relationships	To restore social order, harmony, and good government, Confucius believed it was neccessary for society to be organized around what general category?	39
5684417885	Darius	Which of the following rulers is as famous for his extrraordinary skills as a government administrator as for his military conquests?	40
5684417886	tolerance of diversity	Among the conquereors ofthe ancient world, what was Cyrus famous for?	41
5684417887	Assyrians	For which peoples were bridges, ladders, and tunnels important elements in their military successes?	42
5684417888	natural order	What do Daoism and the concept of yina and yang focus on?	43
5684840879	Which Belief of the prophet Zoroaster was similar to later concepts in Christianity and Islam	Concept of Satan and a belief in angels OR monotheism	44
5684417889	by defeating invaders and crushing internal opposition	How did Shi Huangdi unify China?	45
5684417890	He was famous for his tolerance of diversity	What was Cyrus like as a ruler?	46
5684417891	opposition from new and powerful enemies	What was the main reason for the Egyptian empire's decline?	47
5684417892	Confucius	Which of the following was a philosopher known for his emphasis on responsible relationships and respect for parents?	48
5684872189	What necessity caused the Assyrians to develop a strong army	With no natural barriers, Assyria had to defend itself from frequent attacks	49
5684905402	What were the underlying objectives that gave rise to the Chinese Philosophies of Confucius, Laozi, and the Legalists	How to restore social order, harmony, and respect for authority	50
5684938576	What caused the major difficulties in uniting ancient Greeks under a single goverment?	The geography of the region	51
5684417893	autocracy	What is the name for the kind of government that Shi Huangdi formed, in which the ruler had unlimited power and used it in an arbitay manner?	52
5684417894	They were both city-states	Which of the following did Athens and Sparta have in common?	53
5684417895	Persian Empire, Egypt, and the Indus Valley	After conquering Greece, Alexander the Great conquered which regions?	54
5684417896	Mycenaens; Dorians; Macedonians	What is the order in which these three peoples dominated Greece?	55
5684417897	He established schools for job applicants	What did Wudi do to improve his system of bureaucracy?	56
5684417898	Alexander's quick victory made him want the entire Persian Empire	Why did Alexander the Great refuse the peace settlement from Darius III?	57
5684417899	An archaeologist discovered the possible remains of ancient Troy.	Why do archaeoologists think the Trojan War actually took place?	58
5684417900	increased the number of paid public officials	What was an important feature of Athenian democracy under Pericles?	59
5684417901	advances in literature, art, science, and mathematics	What did Indian civilization experience during the Gupta Empire?	60
5684417902	sorrow over the slaughter at Kalinga	What inspired Asoka to convert to Buddism?	61
5684417903	Mahayana Buddhism was more accesible to the masses.	What was the difference between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism?	62
5684417904	How did Confucian teachings define women's roles?	Women should be restricted to domestic and family life.	63
5684417905	Which of the following is NOT true of Wudi?	He was saddened by war and adopted a policy of peace.	64
5684417906	the chief executives of the government	In the early Roman government, who were the consuls?	65
5684417907	members of the aristocracy and common citizens	The major power struggles in the early Roman republic were between..	66
5684417908	Control of the Mediterranean Sea	What conflict of interest lay between Rome and Carthage?	67
5684417910	fear of attacks by the Huns	Why did Germanic peoples invade the Roman Empire?	68
5684417909	It freed all slaves	Which of the following is NOT true about the Roman code of laws known as the Twelve Tables?	69
5684417911	power rests with citizens who have the right to select their leaders	After the Romans drove the last Etruscan monarch from power, they established a republic, a government in which...	70
5684417912	would not worship roman gods	Roman rulers opposed Christianity because Christians...	71
5684417913	the forced dispersal of Jews	The Jewish Diaspora refers to...	72
5684417914	a strong military	___ was NOT a reason for the decline of the Roman Empire	73
5684417915	to make control of the Empire more efficient	The emperor's purpose for dividing the Roman Empire was...	74
5684417916	What did Kautilya's Arthasastra teach?	how to hold a vast empire together	75
5684417917	paper, the two-bladed plow, and the wheelbarrow	What advances in technology develpped during the Han Dynasty?	76
5684417918	Christianity	What did King Ezana of Aksum establish as the kingdom's oficial religion during his reign?	77
5684417919	Mxico	In what present-day land do archaeologists believe the first Americans built an advanced civilization?	78
5684417920	"submission to the will of Allah"	What does Islam mean in Arabic?	79
5684417921	the Gospels in the Christian Bible	What is the main source of information about the life of Jesus of Nazareth?	80
5684417923	architecture, engineering, law, language	Which of the following groups of terms best summarizes the lagacy of the Roman Empire?	81
5684417922	He stabilized the frontier, erected splendid public buildings, and created an enduring government	Why was Augustus the most able emperor of Rome?	82
5684417925	Many people could become Buddhas	What new belief helped Buddhism become popular with the masses?	83
5684417924	Europe and the United States	Of the following regions, which are still stronglu influenced by the achievements of Rome?	84
5684417926	silk production	What became a closely guarded secret in China?	85
5684417927	increased trade	What encouraged the rise of the banking system in India?	86
5684417928	They could profit by acting as middlemen	What did Indians discover when they learned about the SIlk Roads?	87
5684417929	Zapotec	Which of the following was a Mesoamerican civilization?	88
5685824478	What scientific concept did Indian astronomers prove long before Europeans did?	The earth is round	89
5684417930	they were Matriarchal	How did the family structure of some Tamil groups differ from the family structre in Noether India?	90
5684417931	south or southeast	What were the main directions of the migrations of Bantu-speamking peoples?	91
5685856684	How did Empress Lu maintain her power	She named one infant emperor and then another	92
5684417932	grassy plains	What are Africa's savannas?	93
5684417933	It created monopolies on the mining of salt and the forging of iron.	How did the Chinese government establish control over commerce and manufacturing?	94
5684417934	"the people"	What does the word Bantu mean?	95
5684417935	They considered the emperors to be semidivine	Why did the Chinese accept the Han emperors' exercise of power?	96
5684417936	advances in Indian surgical techniques	What did NOT happen as a result of trade?	97
5684417937	modern numerals	Which of the following was invented in India?	98
5684417938	creator, preserver, and destroyer	What do the Hindugods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva represent?	99
5684417940	they were following game	WHat do most archaeologists think was the reason that some of the earliest Americans crossed Beringia?	100
5684417939	The population of China had increased, and there wwere many people to feed.	Why did Confucian scholars consider agriculture the most important occupation duringthe Han Dynasty?	101
5684417941	Mexico	In what present-day land do archaeologists believe the first American built an advanced civilization	102
5684417942	Zapotec	Which of the following was a Mesoamerican civilization	103
5684417943	"submission to the will of Allah"	What does Islam mean in Arabic?	104
5684417944	He was the last and greatest of the prophets	WHat do Muslims believe about Muhammad?	105
5684417945	through a strong Bureaucracy	How did the Abbasids conterol their large empire?	106
5684417946	shah	Which of the following names was used for Seljuk rulers?	107
5684417947	Yaroslav's division of his realm among his sons	Political instability in Kievan Russia was caused by which of the following	108
5684417948	effective legal codes	Justinian and Yaroslav the Wise BOTH created	109
5684417949	Yaroslav the Wise and Ivan III	Marriage was used as a political tool by	110
5684417950	Mongol and Russia armies refused to fight	Russia achieved liberation from Mongol rule after the	111
5684417951	Byzantine Empire	Orthodox Christianity became the state religion of which of the following?	112
5684417952	Umayyads	Who replaced the last of the "rightly guided" caliphs?	113
5684417953	Shi'a	What division of Islam believes that only a relative of Muhammad is quilified to be a caliph?	114
5684417954	Muhammad's emphasis on study and scholarship	What encouraged Muslim leaders to support places of learning such as the House of Wisdom?	115
5684417955	algebra	Which academic cubject was developed by al-Khwarizmi?	116
5684417956	Mecca	Toward what city do Muslims pray?	117
5684417957	the major duties required of all Muslims	What are the Five Pillars of Islam?	118
5684417958	military duty	Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?	119
5684417959	Muslims wanted to k now the precise direction of Mecca	Why did the Muslim way of praying elad to advances in astronomy?	120
5684417960	Shari'a	What system of law regulatews the family life, moral confuct, and the business and community life of Muslims?	121
5684417962	All Muslims were considered first-class citiznes	What was NOT true of the Muslim class system?	122
5684417963	by translating works of Aristotle and Plato	How did Muslim scholars help preserve European culture?	123
5684417965	Which of the following was NOT advanced during the Muslim Empire?	Portatiture	124
5684417964	Scholars there translated the scientific and philophical text into Arabic	Why was Baghdad's House of Wisdom Significant	125
5684417968	What is the best Muslim model for proper living?	the Sunna	126
5686179062	What was the perffered approach of muslim scientists	Experiments in laboratory settings	127
5684417966	How were conquered peoples treated by the Muslim Empire	Their religions were tolerate, but restrictions and taxes were imposed	128
5684417967	What was true of the "rightly guided" caliphs	They based their leadership on the Qur'an and Muhammad's actions	129
5684417969	Who did Muslims consider the "people of the book"?	Jews and Christians	130
5684417970	Vladiamir's rule	The combination of church and state influenced which of the following	131
5684417971	the invention of the magnetic compass	What helped China to become a great sea power under Song leadership	132
5684417972	They were influenced by Indian culture	What does Angkor Wat reveal about the Khmer Empire?	133
5684417973	Muslim law prohibited the drawing of living beings	Why did Muslim artists use calligraphy in their work?	134
5684417974	the Sunna	The Qur'an and what other work form the shari'a, or body of Islamic law?	135
5684417975	the Justinian Code	Which of the following was the body of civil law created for the Byzantine Empire?	136
5684417976	the Pope	During the 8th-century dispute over icons, which of the following supported the use of icons?	137
5684417977	Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril	Who invented the alphabet that is used by many SLavic languages	138
5684417978	Khanate of the Golden Horde	What was the Mongol Emire in Russia called?	139
5684417979	czar	Which of the following titles did Ivan III use?	140
5684417980	Turkish slaves who became a powerful force in the Abbasid Empire	Who were the mamelukes?	141
5684417981	Islam	The Seljuks converted to which of the following religions?	142
5684417982	through briilliant military strategy and organization	How did Genghkis Khan succeed as a conqueror?	143
5684417983	It was a symbolic mountain built to honor the Hindu god Vishnu	Why was the Khmer city-and-temple complex Angkor Wat built?	144
5684417984	what areas did the Heian court of Japan advance	art, culture, and ediquette	145
5684417985	the nomadic way of life	Which Mongolian practice did Kublai Khan NOT follow?	146
5684417986	the Mongol Empire was the largest unified land empire in history	WHat was true of the Mongol Empire?	147
5684417987	It stopped a Mongolian invasions	What did the kamikaze, or divine wind, do for Japan	148
5684417988	Shinto	What did Japanese worshippers combine with Buddhism?	149
5684417989	Ideas and inventions spread with trade betweren Europe and Assia	What happened during the Pax Mongolica?	150
5684417990	He believed that Mongols and foreigners had no local loyalties	Why did Kiblai Khan favor Mongols and foreigners for government posts?	151
5684417991	an emperor who reigned as a figurehead while another power ruled	Wha was an enduring characteristic of Japanese government?	152
5684417992	Julius Caesar	Which Roman ruler held the title of dictator or absolute ruler at the time of his assassination by members of the Senate?	153
5684417993	plebeians	What were the common citizens of Rome called	154
5684417994	Paul	Which Chrstian leader wrote letters that formed the Epistles of the New Testament to groups of believers?	155
5684417995	aqueducts	What were the Roman channels that brought water to cities and towns around the empire?	156
5684417996	Constantine	WHo moved the capital of the Roman EMpire from Rome to Byzantium?	157
5684417997	classical	Greco-Roman culture is also referered to as what kind of culture?	158
5684417998	pastoralists	Nomadic peoples who herded animals were called	159
5684417999	Khmer Empire	The ___ built Angkor Wat, one of the greatest architectural chievements in the world	160
5684418000	Tang Taizong	The dynsty founded by --- expanded CHina, promoted foreign trade, and promoted improvements in agriculture	161
5684418001	Kiblai Khan	The mongol ruler --- united CHina fro the first time in 300 years	162
5684418002	samurai	--- were loyal warriers and bodyguards of their lords	163
5684418003	shogun	A leader with the title of --- had the power of a military dictattor in Japan	164
5684418004	Marco Polo	Most European readers did not believe the stories tha tthe Venetian merchant --- told about what he had seen in Chhina	165
5684418005	movable type	---, an important Cinese technological advance, reveolutionized printing	166
5684418006	Spartans	Which people emphasixed duty, strength, and discipline?	167
5684418007	Mycenaeans	Who preserved and spread aspects of the Minoan culture?	168
5684418008	Dorians	Who moved into the Greek world and reigned for about 400 years and left no written record?	169
5684418009	phalanx	What battle formation produced the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world?	170
5684418010	Peloponnesian	Sparta's declaration of war against Athens began which war?	171
5684418011	legions	What were Rome's military forced called?	172
5684418013	Pax Romana	WHat was the period of peace and prosperity that lasted 208 years?	173
5684418012	Diocletian	Which emperor divided the empire into greek-speaking East and Latin-speaking West?	174
5684418014	Peter	Who is considered to be the first pope of the Christian Church?	175
5684418016	Euclid	Who wrote the well-known book Elements, which is the basis for modern geometry?	176

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AP World History Strayer Chapter 8 Flashcards

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5547865138	Sui Dynasty	This dynasty emerged in China from 589-618, reunifying it by building canals that finally connected the north and south after 300 years of fragmentation.	0
5547865137	Tang Dynasty	This dynasty (618-907), along with the Song Dynasty, followed the Sui and revived art, literature, and Confucian ideals, although it had more gender equality than its counterpart.	1
5547865139	Song Dynasty	This dynasty (960-1279) was part of the "golden age" in China along with the Tang Dynasty, but had a patriarchy that promoted things such as foot binding to force women into submission.	2
5547865145	Hangzhou	This was the capital city of China beginning in the Sui Dynasty because of its specialized ships and restaurants and canals that allowed the population to be supplied easily.	3
5547878619	gunpowder	This was invented during the Tang Dynasty as an alchemic byproduct to the search for eternal life. It became more heavily weaponized during the Song Dynasty era.	4
5547865149	economic revolution	Tang and Song Dynasty China experienced this, shown by the large increase in population in South China. The main reason for this population growth was an increased agricultural production due to a new strain of rice being adopted from Vietnam.	5
5547865147	foot binding	This was a technique developed during the Song Dynasty that consisted of binding women's feet, breaking their bones, in order to "put women in their place" and assert male dominance.	6
5547865136	tribute system	This was a series of practices in which non-Chinese authorities honored Chinese authorities by giving kowtows and acknowledging their subordination.	7
5547865135	Xiongnu	This was a powerful nomadic empire that raided China and was placated when China agreed to recognize it as a political equal and give it annual "gifts", or reverse tribute.	8
5547865142	Khitan	This was a group of nomadic peoples that came in after the fall of the Tang Dynasty (907-1125) and established states in northern China. Their state demanded goods from Song Dynasty China which was to the south, and some of these goods were used to participate in IO trade.	9
5547865143	Jurchen	They were a group of nomadic peoples who went furthest in adopting Chinese ways, by wearing their clothing, learning their language, and intermarrying.	10
5547865140	Silla Dynasty (Korea)	This was a dynasty in Korea that lasted from 688-900 AD. Korea was a part of China's tribute system and adopted Confucian ideology like the patriarchy, but it had political independence and a unique culture.	11
5547865146	Hangul	Korean phonetic alphabet that was created in the 1400s. This new alphabet system gave Korea more cultural independence from China, though some elite males continued to use the Chinese script.	12
5547865150	chu nom	A variation of Chinese writing developed by the Vietnamese that gave Vietnam their own literature and was used by most educated women for writing.	13
5547865141	Shotoku Taishi	A major Japanese aristocrat that caused Japan to adopt a Chinese style political system. He launched a series of expeditions into China where Japanese scholars, monks and artists would go and bring what they learned back to China.	14
5547865152	bushido	A set of values used by Japanese samurai, also known as the "way of the warrior". This included valuing skill in martial arts, bravery, loyalty, honor, etc...	15
5547865144	Izumi Shibuki	She was an influential woman both in Japanese imperial court, having love affairs with the prince and later his brother, as well as in poetry, which has given insight into her love live and spiritual pursuits.	16
5547865151	Chinese Buddhism	The term for Buddhism, usually Mahayana, beginning to take hold in China after the collapse of the Han dynasty and gaining state support during the Sui dynasty, which caused it to flourish even more. Despite this, there were many people in China who viewed Buddhism as foreign and barbaric and ~800 CE, the religion began to lose support from the gov.	17
5547865148	Emperor Wendi	He was a Sui emperor (581-604 CE) that showed state support for Buddhism constructing monasteries at the bottom of China's sacred mountains and using the belief sys to justify war. This support led to monasteries gaining lots of wealth, resentment of which caused Buddhism to lose support.	18

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