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Ap World History Strayer Chapter 5 Flashcards

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5368476709China's Scholar-Gentry Classlived luxuriously, benefited from wealth and from power and prestige, located in both rural and urban areas, had multi-storied houses, fine silk clothes etc0
5368476710Wang Manga high court official of the Han Dynasty who usurped the emperor's throne in 8 c.e. and immediately launched a series of startling reforms1
5368476711Ge Hongperson born in an aristocratic family who studied Daoism seeing the disorder and disturbances in Chinese daily life, later held several military positions, yearned for solitary and interior life and spend his latest years thinking about legalism Daoism and Confucianism2
5368476712Yellow Turban RebellionA peasant revolt starting in 184 c.e. named for the yellow scarves the peasants wore on their head, unifying ideology of Daoism, goal of "Great Peace" a golden age of equality and harmony3
5368476713Varnafour social classes in India, relating to Caste system4
5368476714Jatidivisions within the varna, groups of similar people, sub-caste5
5368476715Ritual PurityIn Indian social practice, the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.6
5368476716Greek and Roman SlaveryIn the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and piracy (and their descendants), abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. Among the Greeks, household service was the most common form of slavery, but in parts of the Roman state, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations.7
5368476717SpartacusA Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.)8
5368476718The Three obediencesIn Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son9
5368476719Patriarchya form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line,10
5368476720Empress WuThe only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.), Empress Wu patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.11
5368476721AspasiaA foreign woman resident in Athens (ca. 470-400 B.C.E.) and partner of the statesman Pericles who was famed for her learning and wit.12
5368476722PericlesA prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.), he presided over Athens's Golden Age13
5368476723HelotsThe dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society14

AP Language - Tone Words Flashcards

The manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude; the intonation of the voice that expresses meaning. Tone is described by adjectives, and the possibilities are nearly endless. Often a single adjective will not be enough, and tone may change or shift from chapter to chapter or stanza to stanza or even line to line. Tone is the result of allusion, diction, figurative language, imagery, irony, motif, symbol, syntax, and style.
Very young children can sense a speaker's attitude in tone. But understanding tone in prose and poetry is an entirely different matter. The reader does not have voice inflection to carry meaning. Thus, a student's appreciation (knowledge) of word choice, details, imagery, and language all contribute to the understanding of tone. To misinterpret tone is to misinterpret meaning.

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5138021524criticalinclined to find fault or judge with severity0
5138021525angryfeeling or showing anger and strong resentment1
5138021526infuriateddisplaying anger in a passionate way2
5138021527iratedisplaying anger in a dispassionate way3
5138021528aggravatedto be or become irritated or inflamed4
5138021529indignantfeeling, characterized by, or expressing strong displeasure at something considered unjust, offensive, or base5
5138021530outragedstrongly offended, insulted, or affronted6
5138021531bitterresentful or cynical7
5138021532ambiguousopen to or having several possible meanings or interpretations8
5138021533confusedmystified9
5138021534perplexedbewildered; puzzled10
5138021535causticseverely critical or sarcastic11
5138021536bitingcapable of gripping and affecting or wounding12
5138021537irreverentshowing a lack of respect for things or people that should be taken seriously13
5138021538mockingteasing or laughing at in a scornful way14
5138021539disdainfulshowing contempt or a lack of respect15
5138021540contemptuousscornful, showing contempt16
5138021541sardonicgrimly mocking or cynical17
5138021542sarcasticmarked by or given to using irony in order to mock or convey contempt18
5138021543tongue-in-cheekused to refer to humor in which a statement, or an entire fictional work, is not meant to be taken seriously, but its sarcasm is subtle19
5138021544ironichappening in the opposite way to what is expected, and typically causing wry amusement because of this20
5138021545cynicalbelieving that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity21
5138021546skepticalnot easily convinced; having doubts or reservations22
5138021547wryusing or expressing dry, especially mocking, humor23
5138021548arroganthaving or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance and abilities24
5138021549pretentiousattempting to impress by affecting greater important, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed25
5138021550condescendingto talk to someone in a haughty way, as though it is below one's dignity or level of importance26
5138021551patronizingto treat someone with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority27
5138021552authoritativecommanding and self-confident28
5138021553humourouscausing light-hearted laughter and amusement29
5138021554banteringan exchange of light, playful, teasing remarks; good-natured raillery30
5138021555sillyweak-minded or lacking good sense; stupid or foolish. Also, absurd, irrational, ridiculous.31
5138021556mock-heroicimitating or burlesquing that which is heroic, as in manner, character, or action32
5138021557amusedpleasurably entertained, occupied, or diverted33
5138021558joyfulglad; delighted34
5138021559ecstaticsubject to or in a state of ecstacy; rapturous35
5138021560elatedvery happy; proud; jubilant36
5138021561effusivelacking reserve; overflowing37
5138021562contentedsatisfied with what one is or has38
5138021563disappointeddepressed or discouraged by the failure of one's hopes or expectations39
5138021564sadaffected by unhappiness or grief40
5138021565elegiacexpressing sorrow or lamentation41
5138021566melancholicdisposed to or affected with melancholy; gloomy42
5138021567depressingsad; lower in spirits; dejected; dispirited43
5138021568mournfulfeeling or expressing sorrow or grief; sorrowful; sad44
5138021569poignantkeenly distressing to the feelings45
5138021570sombergloomy, depressing, or dismal46
5138021571bleakwithout hope and encouragement47
5138021572whimsicalplayfully quaint and fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way48
5138021573fancifuloverimaginative and unrealistic49
5138021574wistfulhaving or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing50
5138021575flippantnot showing a serious or respectful attitude51
5138021576nostalgiccharacterized by or showing feelings of nostalgia52
5138021577sentimentaldealing with feeling of tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia in an exaggerated or self-indulgent way53
5138021578reflectiverelating to or characterized by deep thought; thoughtful54
5138021579regretfulfeeling or showing regret55
5138021580remorsefulfeeling deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed56
5138021581apologeticregretfully acknowledging or excusing an offense or failure57
5138021582challengingprovocative; intriguing58
5138021583contentiouscausing or likely to cause an argument; controversial59
5138021584surprisingcausing wonder or astonishment60
5138021585shockingextremely startling, distressing, or offensive61
5138021586inflammatorytending to excite anger, disorder, or tumult62
5138021587horrifichaving the power to horrify someone63
5138021588dramatichighly effective; striking64
5138021589passionatecapable of, affected by, or expressing intense feeling65
5138021590impartialhaving no direct involvement or interest and not favoring one person or side over another66
5138021591objectivebased on facts rather than thoughts and opinions67
5138021592clinicalpractical and unemotional68
5138021593factualconsisting of the truth or including only things that are actual69
5138021594detachednot attached to something and unaffected by emotional involvement70
5138021595disinterestedunbiased by personal interest or advantage; not influenced by selfish motives71
5138021596boredtired and impatient72
5138021597apatheticshowing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern73
5138021598indifferenthaving no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned74
5138021599straightforwarduncomplicated and easy to do or understand75
5138021600candidtruthful and straightforward; frank76
5138021601pedanticof or like a person who is excessively concerned with minor details and rules or displaying academic learning77
5138021602learnedhaving much knowledge; erudite78
5138021603scholarlyconcerned with academic learning and research79
5138021604didacticintended for instruction; inclined to teach and lecture others too much; teaching or intending to teach a moral lesson80
5138021605moralisticcharacterized by or displaying a concern with morality81
5138021606inspirationalimparting inspiration (stimulation of the mind or emotions to a high level of feeling or activity82
5138021607respectfulfull of, characterized by, or showing politeness or deference83
5138021608reverentfeeling or showing deep and solemn respect84
5138021609appreciativebeing thankful or grateful for something85
5138021610symptheticfeeling, showing, or expressing sympathy86
5138021611compassionatefeeling or showing concern for others87
5138021612interestedto be engaged or excited about something88
5138021613curiouseager to know and learn something89
5138021614urgentneeding attention very soon, especially before anything else, because important90
5138021615seriousneeding or deserving your complete attention91
5138021616ominoussuggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen92
5138021617apprehensivefeeling worried about something you are going to do93
5138021618forebodinga feeling that something very bad is likely to happen soon94
5138021619threateningexpressing a threat of something unpleasant and violent95
5138021620accusingreproachful; condemning96
5138021621admiringto regard with wonder, pleasure, or approval97
5138021622admonitoryserving to warn, especially to correct98
5138021623affectionatehaving or displaying warmth or affection99
5138021624ambivalenthaving mixed or opposing feelings at the same time100
5138021625amiablefriendly, pleasant, likable101
5138021626artificialnot genuine; insincere102
5138021627belligerentgiven to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive103
5138021628benevolentkindly; favorable towards; charitable104
5138021629bewilderedcompletely confused; puzzled105
5138021630brashoffensively bold106
5138021631callousemotionally hardened; insensitive; unfeeling107
5138021632cholericeasily angered; bad-tempered108
5138021633cheerybright and pleasant; sanguine109
5138021634condemnatoryexpressing strong disapproval of; judgmental; critical110
5138021635consolingaffording comfort or solace111
5138021636contemplativestudying, thinking, reflecting on an issue112
5138021637drollamusing in a wry, subtle way113
5138021638earnestserious in intention or purpose; showing depth and sincerity of feelings114
5138021639despairinghopeless, despondent, discouraged115
5138021640ferventgreatly emotional or zealous116
5138021641forthrightfrank, direct, straightforward117
5138021642gratefulfeeling or showing gratitude118
5138021643gravecausing fear or anxiety by discussion of matters deserving serious attention; weighty; momentous119
5138021644haughtyarrogant, excessively proud and vain120
5138021645matter-of-factunemotional; straightforward121
5138021646meditativereflective, thoughtful122
5138021647obsequiousattentive in an ingratiating or servile manner; attempting to win favor from influential people from flattery123
5138021648pompousoverly self-important in speech and manner; excessively stately or ceremonious124

AP Language vocabulary Flashcards

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6008434099ascribe (v):attribute something to (a cause). Root: scribe- to write0
5052809492analgesic (adj.)(chiefly of a drug) acting to relieve pain.1
5052809493eulogy (n)a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly, typically someone who has just died.2
5052809494perpetrate (v)carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral act).3
5052809495predominant (adj)be the strongest or main element; be greater in number or amount.4
5052809496amiable (adj)having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner.5
5052809497credence (n)belief in or acceptance of something as true.6
5052809498catharsis (n)the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions (purging, releasing).7
5052809499negate (v)nullify; make ineffective.8
5052809500rectify (v).put (something) right; correct.9
5052809501voracious (adj)wanting or devouring great quantities of food.10
5052809502abdicate (v)(of a monarch) renounce one's throne. Prefix:ab-away from Root:dict-say,speak Suffix:ate-cause to be11
5052809503cataclysm (n)a downward sweep of water; flood; disaster. Prefix: Root:cata-down, with Suffix: Examples: catalogue, category, catheter12
5052809504eclectic (adj)deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources Prefix:ec-out of, outside Root:lect-choose, gather, select, read Suffix:ic- generic Examples: eligible, collect, legible13
5052809505incant (v)chant or intone. Prefix: Root:in-on near Suffix:14
5052809506discern (v)perceive or recognize (something). Prefix:dis-not Root:cern- separate Suffix:15
5052809507affluence (n)the state of having a great deal of money. Prefix:a-not,without Root:flu-flow Suffix: Fluid,16
5052809508ingratiate (v)bring oneself into favor with someone by flattering or trying to please them. Prefix:in-on, near Root: Suffix:ate17
5052809509eradicate (v)to root out; annihilate. Prefix: Root:radic-root Suffix: ate: cause Examples Radical18
5052809510vociferous (adj)(especially of a person or speech) vehement or clamorous. Prefix: voc-call Root:fer-bear, carry Suffix:ous- qualities of Examples: Vocals, vocational19
5052809511tenacious (adj)clinging or adhering closely. Prefix: Root:ten-hold Suffix:ous- qualities of Tenants, tend, tendency20
5160956084equivocate (v):intentionally go back and forth between two choices to avoid committing oneself (i.e., "talk out of both sides of the mouth"). Root: equ: equal, even Root: Voc: voice, call, summon Suffix: ate: cause (Example:21
5160956085vivify (v):enliven or animate. Prefix: Root: viv: life, live Suffix: (Example: vivid, visuals, video)22
5160956086perturb (v):perturb (v): make (someone) anxious or unsettled. Root: per: through, thoroughly Suffix: Example:23
5160956087attrition (n):the action or process of gradually reducing strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure. Prefix: a: not, without Root: trit: rub, wear down Suffix: (Examples: attribute, attention, trite)24
5160956088philander (v):(of a man) readily or frequently enter into casual sexual relationships. Root: phil: love, fondness Suffix: andro: male (Example: androgynous, android, philanthropy)25
5160956089expurgate (v):remove matter thought to be objectionable or unsuitable from (a book or account). Prefix: ex: outside, external, away. Root: purg: clear of guilt, expose of unwanted Suffix: (Example: expunged, purge, purgatory)26
5160956090judicious (adj):having, showing, or done with good judgement or sense. Root: kid: right, law. Suffix: (Example: judicial, judges, )27
5160956091aggregate (v):to collect; unite. Root: ref: rule guide, proper, straight Suffix: Example: regular, regulate, regularly)28
5160956092tangible (adj):perceptible by touch; clear and definite; real. Root: Suffix: Example: tangle,29
5160956093dispirit (v):cause someone to lose enthusiasm or hope. Prefix: di: separation Root: spir: to breath, spirit Suffix: Example: distant, die, spiritual.30
5357288458Incarnate (adj)Embodied flesh, human form Root: carn: flesh Suffix: Example: carnal, carnivore, carnivorous31
5357327262veritable (adj):true or real. Root: verit- true Suffix: Example:veracious, verdict, verify32
5357328867auxiliary (adj):additional; supplementary; reserve. Root: Aux- to increase, create Suffix: Example:author, augment33
5357328868doctrine (n):a belief or set of beliefs held by a church, political party, or other group. Root: doc- to teach Suffix: Example: doctor, orthodox34
5357328869cogent (adj):(of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing. Root: cog- to think root: Example: cognitive, cognition35
5357328870misanthrope (n):a person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society. Root: anthrop- man kind prefix: mis- hate Example:36
5357328871lucent (adj):glowing with or giving off light. Root: lue- light shine Suffix: Example: illuminate, luminary37
5357330997incessant (adj):non-stop; constant. prefix: in- not Root: cess- yeild, go Suffix: Example: cede, necessary,38
5357330998loquacious (adj):tending to talk a great deal; talkative. Root: loqua- speak, speech Suffix: Example: eloquent,39
5357330999gregarious (adj):(of a person) fond of company; sociable. Root: greg- society, group Suffix: Example: aggregate40
5407168023devoiddevoid of) entirely lacking or free from. Prefix: de- without Root: void-41
5407168024xenophobiaintense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries.42
5407168025salutary(especially with reference to something unwelcome or unpleasant) Root: salu- safely Examples: salutations Salute43
5407168026colludecome to a secret understanding for a harmful purpose; conspire. Prefix: coll- to stick together Root: deprive from Examples: Decay Debunk Deplane44
5407168027atrophyto waste away from lack of use stratum (n): a level of society made up of people of the same position Prefix: a- without Root: troph- change or truth Examples: trophy Entropy Trope45
5407168028apathylack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern. Prefix: a without Root: path- emotion Examples: sympathetic Empathy46
5407168029precipitateto happen unexpectedly (typically something that is bad or undesirable) Prefix: pre before Root cipit- head Example incipit Accipiters47
5407168030mediocreof only moderate quality; not very good. Prefix: medi- in the middle Examples: Median Media48
5407168031transpireoccur; happen Prefix: trans: change Root: spire- breath Example: conspire Aspire Expire49
5443329007Stratum50
5623669580SynchronousExisting or occurring at the same time Root: Chron-time Syn- same Chronicle, chronological, chronology.51
5623669581DiffidentModest or shy Root: fid- faith/trust Examples: fidelity, infidelity, diffident52
5623669582OdiousExtremely unpleasant, repulsive Root: od- smell Examples: Oder, odorous53
5623669583CollateIn proper order Root: coll- to give, together Examples: collage, colloquial, collision54
5623669584EquateConsider one thing to be the same as the other. Root: equ- even Examples: adequate, equivalent, equilateral55
5623669585IdeologyA system of ideas and ideals, especially ones that form the basis of economical or political theory and policy Root: ideo- idea, philosophy56
5623669586CausalRelating to, acting as a cause Caus to cause accuse,cause57
5623669587MaladyDisease or ailment Mal bad Malnutrition, malevolent,58
5623669588JettisonTo throw or drop something from an aircraft or ship Jet- to throw Eject, inject59
5623669589CongenitalDisease or a notability present from birth Gen- birth Con together Genetic gender60
5801866326chronicle (n)a historical account of events arranged in order of time usually without analysis or interpretation Root: chron- time Example: chronic, chronology chronicles61
5801866327locution (n):a person's style of speech Locut- speech Examples: locusts local, located62
5801866328inquest (n)a judicial inquiry to find out the facts relating to an incident, such as death. In into Quest- seek ask Examples: Question quest, quiz63
5801866329distend (v):swell or cause to swell by pressure from inside. Dis- deprive of away Tend- stretch Examples: tended, extend, tenant64
5801866330autonomy (n):freedom from external controlor influence; independence Auto- self Nom- law Examples: automatically, autograph, autonomous65
5801866331ambiguous (adj):(of language) open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning Ambi- both ous- relating to Examples: ambidextrous, ambition, ambit66
5801866332cede (v):give up (power or territory) Cede-go, yield, move Examples: secede, concedes, intercede67
5801866333demagogue (n):a political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument. Prefix: dem-people Root: agogue: to lead Examples: demands, demarcation, demonstrated68
5807732121fidelity (n):faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continued loyalty and support. Root:Fide- faith trust Examples: confide, fide, provide69
5807732122acquiesce (v):to give in; agree Root: quies- rest Examples: conquistador, quietly, quiescent.70
6008418219acumen (n):ability to make good judgments and quick decisions. Root:acumen- point, sting71
6008420560parity (n):the state or condition of being equal, especially regarding status or pay. Root:par-equal72
6008422171amble (v):walk or move at a slow, relaxed pace. Root: ambul- walk73
6008425903purge (v):rid (someone) of an unwanted feeling, memory, or condition, typically giving a sense of cathartic release. Root: purg- clear of guilt, get rid of unwanted74
6008430896salubrious (adj):health-giving; healthy. Root: salu- safe/ healthy75
6008433495tenet (n):a principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy. Root:ten-hold76
6008438116eloquent (adj):fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing Root: loqu-talk, speak77
6008442262recur (v):occur again, periodically or repeatedly. Root: re-back, again cur-run78
6008446320holistic (adj):characterized by comprehension of the parts of something as intimately interconnected and understood only by reference to the whole. Root: hol- whole79
6359311691luminary (n):a person who inspires or influences others, especially one prominent in a particular sphere. Root: lumin light, to shine Examples: luminous, aluminate, luminaries80
6359311693misandry (n):dislike of, contempt for, or ingrained prejudice against men. Root: mis: worse, badly. Root: andry: man, human kind. examples:81
6417765267edict (n):an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority. root: dict: say, speech, word. examples:82
6417765268epitome (n):a person or thing that is the perfect example of a particular quality or type. root: epi: over, above, around examples:83
6417765269dogma (n):a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true. root: dog: to teach, learning examples: dog,84
6417765270plethora (n):a large or excessive amount of (something). root: plet: to fill, full examples:85
6417765271volition (n):the faculty or power of using one's will. root: vol: will, desire, wish examples:86
6417765272tenable (adj):capable of being held, maintained, or defended. root: ten: to hold examples:87
6417765273antechamber (n):a small room leading to a main one. root: ante: before, prior, in front of examples:88
6417765274renege (v):go back on a promise, undertaking, or contract. root: neg: deny examples: negative,89
6417765275beneficent (adj):performing acts of kindness and charity. root: bene: good examples:90
6417765276augment (v):make (something) greater by adding to it; increase. root: aug: increase, create examples:91
6417765277philanthropy (n):the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes. root: phil: to love, fondness for root: anthrop: man, human kind examples:92
6417765278treatise (n):a written work dealing formally and systematically with a subject. root: treat: draw, extend, attract examples:93
6417765279tribulation (n):a trying experience. root: trib: rub, wear down examples:94
6417825989Infidela person who does not believe in religion or who adheres to a religion other than one's own. Root: fidel: faith, trust Examples; insecure, fidelity, infidelity.95
6417765280sophomoric (adj):pretentious or juvenile, foolish or immature root: soph: wisdom root: mor: death examples:96
6417765281circumscribe (v):restrict (something) within limits. root: circum: around examples:97
6359311692colloquy (n):(formal) a conversation. Root: coll: glue, stick together Examples: collect, college, colony.98
6417765282trite (adj):(of a remark, opinion, or idea) overused and consequently of little import; lacking originality or freshness. root: trite: rub, wear down.99

AP Language Unit 2 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5048905589accost(v.) to approach and speak to first; to comfort in a challenging or aggressive way0
5048909132animadversion(n.) a comment indicating strong criticism or disapproval1
5048912572avid(adj.) desirous of something to the point of greed; intensely eager2
5048916288brackish(adj.) having a salty taste and unpleasant drink3
5048919023celerity(n.) swiftness, rapidity of motion or action4
5048921003devious(adj.) straying or wandering from a straight or direct course; done or acting in a shifty or underhanded way5
5048927598gambit(n.) in chess, an opening move that involves risk or sacrifice of a minor piece in order to gain a later advantage; any opening move of this type6
5048933572halcyon(n.) a legendary bird identified with the kingfisher; (adj.) of or relating to the halcyon; calm, peaceful; happy, golden, prosperous, affluent7
5048942835histrionic(adj.) pertaining to actors and their techniques; theatrical, artificial; melodramatic8
5048948403incendiary(adj.) deliberately setting or causing fires; designed to start fires; tending to stir up strife or rebellion; (n.) one who deliberately sets fires, arsonist; one who causes strife9
5048956178maelstrom(n.) a whirlpool of great size and violence; a situation resembling a whirlpool in violence and destruction10
5048960971myopic(adj.) nearsighted; lacking a broad, realistic view of a situation; lacking foresight or discernment11
5048965080overt(adj.) open, not hidden, expressed or revealed in a way that is easily recognized12
5048969390pejorative(adj.) tending to make worse; expressing disapproval or disparagement, derogatory, deprecator, belittling13
5048974983propriety(n.) the state of being proper, appropriateness; (pt.) standards of what is proper or socially acceptable14
5048981761sacrilege(n.) improper or disrespectful treatment of something held sacred15
5048987151summarily(adv.) without delay or formality; briefly, concisely16
5048991519suppliant(adj.) asking humbly and earnestly; (n.) one who makes a request humbly and earnestly, a petitioner, suitor17
5048997488talisman(n.) an object that serves as a charm or is believed to confer magical powers, an amulet, fetish18
5049001227undulate(v.) to move in waves or with a wavelike motion; to have a wavelike appearance or form19

Literary Terms and Concepts, AP Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5025373170Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.0
5025373171AllusionA reference to another literary work, movie or piece of pop culture.1
5025373172Anadiplosisrepetition of the words or phrase at the end of one sentence, line, or clause at the beginning of the next2
5025373173Anaphorathe deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect3
5025373174Anastrophethe inversion of the usual order of words or clauses.4
5025373175Antithesisa figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other, such as "hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins"5
5025373176Aphorisma pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."6
5025373177Asyndetonthe omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.7
5025373178AudienceThe authors readers8
5025373179Chiasmusa rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form; e.g. 'Poetry is the record of the best and happiest moments of the happiest and best minds.'9
5025373180Colloquialused in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary.10
5025373181Connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.11
5025373182Dialecta particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.12
5025373183Ellipsisa literary device that is used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, Example: (...)13
5025373184Epistrophethe repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences.14
5025373185Ethosan appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader.15
5025373186EulogyA eulogy is a literary device that is a laudatory expression in a speech, or a written tribute to a person deceased recently.16
5025373187Euphemisma mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.17
5025373188Extended metaphora comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. It is often comprised of more than one sentence and sometimes consists of a full paragraph.18
5025373189FallacyA failure in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.19
5025373190Hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.20
5025373191ImageryThe use of description to evoke a picture or image.21
5025373192Jargonspecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand22
5025373193Juxtapositionthe fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.23
5025373194Litotea figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions.24
5025373195LogosA means of convincing someone through logic25
5025373196Malapropismthe mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect, as in, for example, "dance a flamingo " (instead of flamenco ).26
5025373197Metonymythe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.27
5025373198occasionThe reason or circumstances under which something is delivered (SOAPSTone)28
5025373199Paradoxthe juxtaposition of a set of seemingly contradictory concepts that reveal a hidden and/or unexpected truth29
5025373200Parallel structureusing the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. Can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level, usually using coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."30
5025373201PathosPersuasive technique: Appeal to emotion31
5025373202Period sentencestylistic device where sentenced is not complete grammatically or semantically before the final clause or phrase32
5025373203PersonaThe "character" the author adopts in his/her work; the speaker33
5025373204Polysyndentonstylistic device, several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect34
5025373205Rhetorica technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form. It is an art of discourse, which studies and employs various methods to convince, influence or please an audience35
5025373206Rhetorical questionA question not meant to really be answered, but asked, rather, for effect or to lay emphasis on some point discussed36
5025373207Rhetorical triangleThe 3 persuasive strategies: ethos, logos, and pathos (see cards)37
5025373208Satirea technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. A Writer in a satire uses fictional characters, which stand for real people, to expose and condemn their corruption. Purpose of satire is to bring an issue to light (not solve it)38
5025373209Simple sentencea sentence having only one clause39
5025373210SOAPSToneA method of analyzing rhetoric, in which you identity the speaker, occasion, audience, subject, and tone.40
5025373211SpeakerPart of SOAPSTone, the persona the author adopts to serve his/her purpose41
5025373212SubjectPart of SOAPSTone, what the speaker is saying. What the speaker is talking about.42
5025373213Syllogisma rhetorical device that starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific43
5025373214Synecdochea literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. may also use larger groups to refer to smaller groups or vice versa.44
5025373215Syntaxhow the chosen words are used to form a sentence45
5025373216TextUsed to refer to a single literary work46
5025373217ToneHow the author feels toward the subject/audience47
5025373218Understatementfigure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is; opposite of hyperbole48
5025373219Zeugmausing one word to modify two other words, in two different ways i.e. "They carried their backpacks and their guilt on their shoulders."49
5086459476ContrivedCreated in a way that seems artificial or unreal50
5086459477AnachronismSomething out of its time51
5086459478LaudableCommendable, praiseworthy52
5086459479CredulousGullible, eager to believe53
5086459480DiscerniblePerceptible, noticeable54
5086459481SpeculativeTheoretical, based on conjecture not knowledge55
5086459482Pedangicsomeone who's too concerned with literal accuracy or formality56
5086459483DidacticIntended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive57
5086459484AmbiguityVague and evoking uncertainty58
5086459485AmbivalentHaving mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone59

ap world before history Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4885517284what is the significance of the term neolithic? what does this mean to archaeologists?new stonge age, an era of advanced tools. Neolithic refers to the early stages of agricultural society0
4885517285what roles in the production of food were filled by women?women began systematic care of plants. they nurtured plants as principal gathers in foragaing communities1
4885517286what roles in production of food were filled by men?instead of killing animals, they captured and domesticated them for personal needs2
4885517287what way is the term agricultural transition more accurate than agricultural revolution?bc agrilcuture was a process growing over many centuries rather than a specific date from paleolithics hunter gather to neolithic agriculture3
4885517288what regions did agriculture orginate?southeastern sahara, sub saharan west africa, east asia, southeast asia, mesoamerica, andean SA, amazon river valley4
4885517289what did southeastern cultivate/domesticate?cattle, sheep, goats, and cultivate sorghum5
4885517290what did sub saharan west africa cultivate/domesticate?cultivate yams, okra, black eyed peas6
4885517291what did east asia cultivate/domesticate?cultivate rice, soybeans, hillet, pigs, chickens, water buffalos7
4885517292what did southeast asia cultivate/domesticate?taro, coconut, bananas, grapefruit, etc8
4885517293what did mesoamerica cultivate/domesticate?corn, beans, peppers, squash, tomato9
4885517294what did andea SA cultivate/domesticate?potatoes, corn, beans10
4885517295what did amazon river valley cultivate/domesticate?manioc, sweet potato, peanuts11
4885517296what were similarities in western hemisphere of agrilcutureyams, beans, domesticated animals12
4885517297what were differences of agriclture in western hemisphere?west had potatoes, east had more animals13
4885517298what is slash and burn cultivation? what did it provide?community would slash bark on trees then burn desd trees to ground. it provided fertile soil for harvests then would migrate to do same thing somewhere else14
4885517299how did cultivation of food spread from one region to another?they migrated to different forest regions to do it again15
4885517300when did human population grow and how much?grew about from about 5 mill around 5000 bce to about 100 mill in 500 bce16
4885517301how did new sgrilcutral economy and reulting population growth lead to new forms of social order?bc rapid population growth, it made neolithic era to form new social orders and surplus of food caused it17
4885517302what is catalhuyuk?a famous neolithic settlement in douth central anatolia18
4885517303what evidence do archaeologists have of specialized labor?they have evidence that they manufactured pots, baskets, textiles, leather, stone, carpete, jewelry, etc19
4885517304why did neolithic societies need pottery?they stored foods, water, and materials20
4885517305whats copperthe first metal that humans worked with21
4885517306what was copper used in?knives, axes, hoes, and weapons22
4885517307what does fragmentary textile evidence tell us about neolithic society?they were very resourceful and creative23
4885517308how fid early societies consolidate wealth?traded surplus foods, instituionalized privately owned lands bc wealthy is carried down24
4885517309what was the impact of consolidated wealth?clear social classes formed25
4885517310whats the ultimate source of wealth?land26
4885517311how did knowledge of nature impact early socities?they could know seasons to harvest at right time27
4885517312why were many paleolithic and neolithic deities concerned with fertility?28
4885517313how did new cities differ from jericho and catalhuyuk?they were larger with specialized crafts, industries, and specialization. more variety of jobs, cities influenced political, economic, and cultural life of regions rather than the earlier communities serving the needs of their inhabitants and neighbors29
4885517314how did new professions rise? why did they arise?bc population was so big, more professions were required. they arose bc communties like governers, tax collectors, administrators, etc30
4885517315how did cities influence political, economic, and cultural lices of their regions?they established international markets, traded over long distances to promote economic integration... built schools, temples that extended cultural traditions... also extended authority becoming centers of political/military control and economic influence31
4885517316define independent inventionprocess which humans innovate to find solutions to problems of cultural change32
4885517317define textilesany cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting33
4885517318define professional classeshigh class people (priests)34

AP world history summer Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4832174268AgricultureThe process of scientifically taming, raising, and breeding plants for human benefit0
4832175449CivilizationOne way that societies organised themselves including features such as monumental architecture, literature, complex religion, organised governments, and a legal code1
4832178338MesopotamiaThe river floodplains where the worlds first civilisation began2
4832181137PatriarchyA system of living where men are favored3
4832183841MonotheisticA religon that worships one god4
4832185930PolytheisticA religion that worships multiple gods5
4832189120Specilzation of laborWhen someone works in one type of work inatead of a variety came about after surpluses of food allowed peope to focus on other types of work6
4832200142BureaucracyA system of government that hires state employees to make decisions not elected officials they work in cabinets people get frustrated going through the many layers7
4832207991Oligarchya small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.8
4832208564DemocracyGovernment that uses elected officials voted in by the people orginated in athens Greece about everyone having a say and being equal9
4832364208Ancestor venerationThe practice of giving reverence and worship, such as creating a shrine, to family member's after they have died.10
4832365830ConfucianismThis philosophy promoted the use of honour and virtue in an effort to bring in a stable society and good government to China.11
4832367448FedualismSystem of government in which land is granted in exchange for formal oaths of allegiance and loyalty. The Zhou ruled China in this way.12
4832368706Mandate of HeavenThe idea that Chinese rulers are given the right to rule from the gods, and should exercise this right appropriately.13
4832369914DaoismThis philosophy focused on inaction, nature, and The Way.14
4832371636Silk RoadThe major trade route that connected China to Rome and Egypt during the classical period.15
4832372969LegalismThis philosophy was structured with harsh laws and punishments in order to create order in China.16
4832380241Siddhartha GautamaHindu prince who became know as "the Buddha17
4832381075AryansIndo-European speaking Nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes between 15000 and 1000 BCE.18
4832382531PersepolisThe ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire19
4832383413Chang'anCapital of Han China the key point on the Silk Road20
4832384119PataliputraChief city of India's Mauryan and Gupta Empires21
4832384348AthensBirthplace of democracy and Commercial and Naval power of the Greek city-states22
4832385477CarthragePhoenician port on the North African Coast in early enemy of Rome23
4832385674RomeThe Italian home of the most efficient and centralized state in the ancient world24
4832386433AlexandriaAlexander the Great's capital in Egypt and the Mediterranean world most cosmopolitan center of learning25
4832389966ConstantinopleEastern headquarters of the Roman Empire in the Byzantine Empire that followed it situated on the crossroads between Europe and Asia26
4832390410Food storage and distributionMost societies maintain to this for emergencies or everyday use Rose preserve social order by providing grain27
4832391943OverreachThe state assume too many responsibilities spent too much money or Concord to a territory for its rulers bureaucracies and armies to handle28
4832395286Punic Wars3 bitter conflict between Rome and carthridge do to Rome's expansion29
4832398855Classical LanguagesSanskrit Mandarin Chinese Greek and Latin30
4832399740ChristianityFounded by Jesus of Nazareth AND Persecuted by THE Romans31
4837570006Hunting & ForagingA way to supported themselves in the Paleolithic Era One DONE More BY Males THE Other More done by females32
4837579142FireYou are just used to cook food to heat their dwellings and allowing them to expand into colder regions and protect themselves against predators33
4837583772NomadicMigrating usually done in the Paleolithic era the fall of their favorite game abandoning old hunting grounds for new ones34
4837588827AnimismA belief system in which all things in the natural world are thought to be animated by spirits popular in the Paleolithic era35
4837592977Domestication of animalsTaming animals to be used in companionship security and help in hunting36
4837596707CitiesIncrease social complexity of the Neolithic era led to the emergence of this innovation flash social structure they offered protection to large numbers of people and surgicenter server for trade religious worship and political leadership37
4837635455WritingAn innovation used to keep records and pass on learning and information more effectively than oral traditions38
4837639662CuneiformThe first written script devised by the Sumerians39
4837651390OlmecsThe mother civilization of mesoamerica who arose between 1500 and 1200 BCE do not have a large river system nearby unlike most early civilizations of the time40
4837653378QuipuCreated by the Andean culture they did not have a written language but this innovation of record-keeping using knots tied to string41
4837663110ChavínMost noteworthy of the several civilizations that popped up along the Andes mountain domesticated animals like the llama skilled at weaving and metalworking42
4837669188PhoeniciansThe maritime culture that traded in called as Wireless wrote the Mediterranean between 1550 and 300 BC from their home cities in Syria and Lebanon they created the alphabet43
4837670889AlphabetCreated by the Phoenicians a written script and in which each side representative sound rather than a concept or an object44
4837677852Four Noble TruthsLife is suffering is the first at these Buddhist teachings The four central beliefs containing the essence of Buddhist teaching45
4837682925The caste systemIn India the level or name of the hierarchy social stratification jati46
4837690001MigrationsWhen people move from one place to another due to lack of food in original home or other problems such as War47
4837694394Classical civilizationThe art and literature in architecture produced by States like Han China Gupta India or Greece and Rome as well as the language used by them or off and longer lived in their influence in the actual States themselves48
4837698051Filial pietya virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors49

Pre-AP World history Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4822396162SourcingWHO was the creator? WHAT were their purpose, interest and biases? What DATE was it written? What TYPE OF DOCUMENT is it?0
4828749697ContextualizationHow the time and place affects the view of doc1
4828755189Little CWhere/when/what was happening at the time of its creation?2
4828758004Big CZoom Out: historical context of the time?3
4828759759Point of ViewAuthor's emotion, belief, thoughts or perspective4
4828761714PurposeWhy/for what reason is the author writing? Who is the audience?5
4828765751Sourced Central IdeaSummarize: Claim backed up by paraphrased evidence6
4828767758Corroborate/ConflictUsing evidence from multiple docs to see if they support or disagree with statements/ideas/7
4828772240SocietyPeople's place in their community (social class, gender, equality, rich vs poor)8
4828774780PoliticsControlling a society through leaders, government, rulers, kingdoms or laws9
4828777191InteractionsCommunication/trade/war with other societies Relationships between human-environment10
4828782087CultureArts, language, inventions, achievements of society11
4828783757EconomicsManagement of money, wealth, riches, things that make you rich12
4828786365Capitalism $$$Business are privately owned People compete for personal profit $$$13
4828789376SocialismWhole community promoting social and economic equality rather than by individuals or corporation (rich gives to poor)14
4828799360CommunismGov. owns all businesses+property ->Everyone receives equal resources15
4828805139AnarchySociety w/ no gov. and no rules16
4828809535MonarchyA kingdom governed by one person, the monarch. (King,Queen)17
4828813172OligarchyA gov. where a group of people holds power18
4828814480AristocracyA gov. ruled by an elite class (rich people and people with high power)19
4828816056TheocracyA state governed by religious laws/leaders20
4828817623Direct democracyPower is vested in people who vote directly on issues21
4828819878RepublicPeople elect representatives that serve their interests22

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