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Fahrenheit 451 Practice Quizzes Flashcards

SCA English 11

838013999	Montag's uniform is brandished with this mythical creature:	Phoenix	0
838014000	Montag meets Clarisse while on his way	home	1
838014001	Which of these relatives does not reside with Clarisse? father, mother, aunt, uncle	aunt	2
838014002	The novel takes place in which season?	fall	3
838014003	How old is Montag?	30	4
838014004	How long has Montag been a fireman?	10 years	5
838014005	Mildred overdoses on	sleeping pill	6
838014006	Which of the following does Millie NOT use as a means of escape? television, radio, pills, knitting	knitting	7
838014007	____ walls in the Montag living room are television screens.	3	8
838014008	The Mechanical Hound tracks down its prey by its	chemical complex	9
838014009	Montag steals _____ from an alarm	a book	10
838014010	The old woman who burns her own home quotes ______ before doing so.	Latimer	11
838014011	Montag has stolen about _____ books throughout the course of his career.	20	12
838014012	Clarisse has been dead for about _____ when Millie informs Montag.	a week	13
838014013	Clarisse is killed by _____.	a car	14
838014014	After Beatty leaves his house, Montag _____ his books.	reads	15
838014015	While Montag reads, _____ lurks around his house	the Hound	16
838014016	Montag met _____ in a park a year before the story takes place.	Faber	17
838014017	Faber was once a _____.	professor	18
838014018	Faber believes that people need all BUT which of the following? quality of information, freedom, leisure, books	books	19
838014019	Faber and Montag communicate by way of _____.	radio	20
838014020	Mrs. Bowles becomes _____ when Montag reads poetry.	angry	21
838014021	Montag turns in _____ of his books to Captain Beatty.	one	22
838014022	_____ is charged with burning the Montag house to the ground.	Montag	23
838014023	Montag kills Beatty with a _____.	flamethrower	24
838014024	The Mechanical Hound injects Montag with	procaine	25
838014025	Montag takes _____ books from the garden after annihilating the Hound	4	26
838014026	Montag is nearly killed by a reckless _____ in a car.	group of kids	27
838014027	Faber gives Montag _____ to throw the Hound off.	old, dirty clothes	28
838014028	Faber knows a retired printer in	St. Louis	29
838014029	After leaving Faber, Montag heads for _____	the river	30
838014030	Montag daydreams about sleeping in a _____.	barn	31
838014031	Montag mistakes a _____ for the Hound.	deer	32
838014032	After emerging from the river, Montag follows _____.	train tracks	33
838014033	Granger gives Montag a _____to change his scent.	chemical concoction	34
838014034	The Mechanical Hound kills _____.	an innocent man	35
838014035	Montag met his wife in _____.	Chicago	36
838014036	The city is destroyed by _____.	bombs	37
838014037	Granger talks fondly of his _____.	grandfather	38
838014038	Granger compares society to _____.	a phoenix	39
838014039	What book does Montag try to memorize?	Bible	40
838014040	The Hound stabs Montag in the ____	leg	41
838014041	Montag plants a book in ______ house	Black's	42
838014042	Montag hides his stash of books where?	air conditioning system	43
838014043	Who tries to convince Montag books are evil?	Beatty	44
838014044	____ dies in the city's destruction	Millie	45
838014045	The major theme of the novel is	censorship	46
838014046	Clarisse teaches Montag to	smell the leaves, drink raindrops, see the man in the moon	47
838014047	Clarisse is ____ years old	17	48
838014048	Whose clothes is Montag wearing when he meets Granger?	Faber's	49
868286080	How does Montag find Granger?	he floats down river	50
868286081	What does Montag see when he gets out of the river?	leaves a deer a fire	51
868286082	How will books be passed on through the generations?	memorization	52
868286083	To avoid going to work Montag ____	feigns illness	53
868286084	Millie finds a book _____	under Montag's pillow	54
868286085	Who reports Montag to Captain Beatty?	Millie	55
868286086	The Hound successfully kills ______	an innocent man	56
868286087	The city is destroyed _____	the night Montag runs away	57
868286088	Who survives the city's destruction?	Montag Granger Faber	58
868286089	The following animal/s is/are alluded to in the novel?	bird salamander snake	59
868286090	The radios Millie listens to are	seashell radios	60
868286091	Who tries to commit suicide?	Millie	61
868286092	Who dies in the novel?	Beatty Clarisse The Mechanical Hound	62
868286093	The subway jingle is for	dentifrice	63
868286094	Before seeing Faber, Montag ____	calls him	64
868286095	Montag reads _____ to Millie and her friends	poetry	65
868286096	Millie calls the television people her ______	family	66
868286097	Millie is saved by ______	technicians	67
868286098	Montag's first name is ______	Guy	68
868286099	At first, Montag ______ being a fireman	loves	69
868286100	Beatty claims _____ was the first fireman and that he burned books.	Benjamin Franklin	70
868286101	Clarisse asks Montag if _______	he is in love	71
868286102	Montag finds out Clarisse died ____	a week after her death	72
868286103	Who tells Montag Clarisse died?	Millie	73
868286104	Who spies on Montag?	The Mechanical Hound	74
868286105	Where does Montag stop when fleeing the authorities?	Black's house, Faber's house, and a gas station washroom	75
868286106	Montag cries when he realizes _____	that Beatty wanted to die	76
868286107	How many children do Montag and Millie have?	none	77
868286108	Who has extensive knowledge of books?	Beatty, Granger, and Faber	78
868286109	What do Granger, Montag and their companions eat after witnessing the destruction of the city?	bacon	79
868286110	When he sees Montag, Granger calls him ____	by his name	80
868286111	When running by as Montag is ordered to burn his own house, Millie says ______	nothing at all	81
868286112	Millie has an addiction to _____	sleeping pills	82
868286113	Montag and Millie sleep in _____	twin beds	83
868286114	At first, Faber ______ Montag	fears and does not trust	84
868286115	Faber and Montag plot to _____	plant books in firemen's houses	85
868286116	Faber invents _____	a radio in which he communicates with Montag	86
868286117	Montag is suprised to hear that ______	Clarisse and her family talk to each other	87
868286118	Clarisse and Montag are _____	friends/neighbors	88
868286119	What does Montag do on the subway?	reads a book	89
868286120	Why does Montag take the subway with his book?	to go see Faber	90
868286121	Montag likens the tool that saves Millie to what?	a snake	91
868286122	Montag likens burning book pages to what?	birds	92
868286123	Millie's friends chose who to vote for based on _____	looks	93
868286124	Millie asks Montag to buy ______	a fourth television wall for the parlor	94
868286125	At the firehouse, Montag plays _____	cards	95
868286126	Throughout the novel, Montag hides books _____	under his pillow, behind the refrigerator, and in the garden	96
868286127	Who commits suicide?	the old woman	97

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American Pageant Chapter 11 Flashcards

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976937546	war hawks	Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism. Westerners also wanted war with Indian Tribes	0
976937549	impressment	British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service. (also done by France)	1
976937551	Macon's Bill No. 2	While Madison was president, it opened trade with britain and france, said if either nation repealed its restrictions on neutral shipping the US would halt trade with the other, didn't work	2
976937552	Aaron Burr	Vice President to Thomas Jefferson for one term. Dueled with Alexander Hamilton, resulting in Hamilton's death. Known for his trial and acquittal on charges of treason.	3
976937553	Tenskwatawa (the Prophet)	A Shawnee Indian leader who with his borther (Tecumseh) brought together many tribes to go against the colonists. Killed by Harrison at Tippecanoe	4
976937554	Tecumseh	Chief of the Shawnee who with his brother (the Prophet, Tenskwatawa) tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement. Killed by Harrison at Thames.	5
976937555	William Clark and Meriwether Lewis	American explorers who led an expedition through the Northern portions of the Louisiana Purchase	6
976937557	Henry Clay	Senator from Kentucky. War hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, 34 years old	7
976937559	Napolean Bonaparte	Ruler of France, sold Louisisana to the Americans after reciving it from the Spanish	8
976937562	Zebulon Pike	explored the southern portion of the Louisiana Territory. He saw the Rocky Mountains. The Highest peak is named after him.	9
976937563	John Marshall	Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Federalist. Presided over cases such as Marbury V. Madison; judicial review	10
976937565	Thomas Jefferson	3rd President; leader of Democratic-Republicans; created republicanism; 1st President to take office in Washington D.C.	11
976937566	William Marbury	named a justice of the peace for the District of Columbia; sued Madison when he learned that his commission was being shelved by Madison (Secretary of State)	12
976937567	James Madison	4th President; Secretary of State; lead nation through War of 1812	13
976937568	Toussaint L'Ouverture	Leader of ex-slaves in the rebellion in Haiti against French	14
976937569	John Adams	Former Vice President and President. Ironically Known as "the Father of the American Navy." He split with Hamiltonian federalists over the issue of the war with France.	15
976937571	Judiciary Act of 1801	passed by Federalist congress; created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial positions	16
976937572	Orders in Council	British act that closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping, unless the vessels 1st stopped at a British port. Authorized impressment.	17
976937573	Revolution of 1800	Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." It was a peaceful transfer of political power.	18
976937574	Midnight Judges	a nickname given to group of judicial branch officials that was appointed by John Adams the night before he left office. He appointed them to go to the federal courts to have a long term federalist influence.	19
976937575	Chesapeake incident	1807 - Named after the The American ship that refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the it.	20
976937576	Marbury v. Madison	This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review	21
976937577	Embargo Act	Act that forbade the export of goods from the U.S. in order to hurt the economies of the warring nations of France and Britain. The act slowed the economy of New England and the south. The act was seen as one of many precursors to war.	22
976937578	Louisiana Purchase	1803, the U.S. spends $15 million to buy a large amount of land from the west of the Mississippi from France; doubled the size of the United States	23
976937579	Non-Intercourse Act	After the Embargo act was repealed, it allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britian and France.	24
976937580	Mosquito Fleet	It is the term used to describe the United States Navy's fleet of small gunboats, leading up to and during the War of 1812. Used with success against barbary pirates.	25
976937581	Barbary Pirates	Looted US ships and indirectly declared war. Jefferson sent the navy to stop them. Mosquito fleet was used with much success here.	26
976937582	Sacajawea	Shoshoni woman who helped Lewis and Clark in their expodition	27
976937583	William Henry Harrison	Governor of Indiana Territory who defeated Tecumseh and the Prophet (Tenskwatawa)	28
976937584	Battle of the Thames	Led by William Henry Harrison, Tecumseh is killed, Indian confederacy dream perished	29
976937585	War of 1812	America entered for freedom of the seas and against (British) Indian issues	30
982382360	Battle of Tippecanoe	Led by William Henry Harrison, the Prophet is killed. Harrison is celebrated as a hero.	31
982382361	Sally Hemmings	Slave of Thomas Jefferson's who federalists said that he had children with.	32
982382362	Berlin and Milan Decrees	French statement of intent to seize any neutral shipping vessels	33
3328904758	Battle of Horseshoe Bend	Andrew Jackson crushed the Creek Indians on March 27, 1814, effectively breaking the Indian rebellion and leaving the entire area east of the Mississippi open for safe settlement	34
3328907341	Andrew Jackson	Military leader in charge of crushing the creeks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.	35

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Classical Civilizations - Terms, Names, Themes Flashcards

Terms, names and themes for the NYS Global History and Geography 9 Classical Civilizations unit test and final exam.

Terms : Hide Images

1651227226	City-state	The fundamental political unit of ancient Greece around 750 B.C.; fewer than 20,000 residents.	0
1651227227	polis	A city-state in ancient Greece.	1
1651227228	monarchy	Government ruled by a king.	2
1651227229	aristocracy	A form of government, in which a few of the most prominent citizens rule.	3
1651227230	oligarchy	A government run by only a few, often the wealthy.	4
1651227231	direct-democracy	A system of government in which the people participate directly in decision making.	5
1651227232	citizen	The state of being a citizen of a particular social, political, or national community.	6
1651227233	dictatorship	A form of government in which the ruler has absolute control over the daily lives of his subjects.	7
1651227234	theocracy	A government under the control of a Church or state-sponsored religion.	8
1651227235	Athens	City-state in ancient Greece; associated with democracy.	9
1651227236	Acropolis	A naturally occurring steep hill that is the geographic and cultural center of a city; Athens.	10
1651227237	Parthenon	temple to Athena at the Acropolis in Ancient Greece.	11
1651227238	Greek ideal of perfection	Used in the arts (sculpture, architecture, theatre); emphasized balance and symmetry.	12
1651227239	Discobolous (discus thrower)	Greek sculpture reflecting the Greek ideal of perfection.	13
1651227240	Western philosophy	Associated with the works of Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato.	14
1651227241	philosopher-king	Plato's ideal ruler from his work "The Republic".	15
1651227242	Persian Wars	A series of wars fought in early 5th century bce between Persian Empire and Greek city-states.	16
1651227243	Sparta	City-state in ancient Greece; associated with militarism and dictatorship.	17
1651227244	Peloponnesian War	War from 431 to 404 BCE between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece.	18
1651227245	Roman Republic	509-27 BCE The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government.	19
1651227246	Roman Empire	An empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the eastern or Byzantine Empire.	20
1651227247	Punic Wars	A series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 to 146 BC.	21
1651227248	Twelve Tables of Law	Formed the centerpiece of the constitution of the Roman Republic; included the 5 Common Principles.	22
1651227249	Five Common Principles	Basic principles of the Roman republic's Twelve Tables of Law.	23
1651227250	Patricians	Refers to a group of elite citizens in ancient Roman society.	24
1651227251	Plebeians	A member of the lower or working class of ancient Roman society.	25
1651227252	Etruscans	The inhabitant of ancient Etruria; influenced the Romans.	26
1651227253	Ides of March	March 15 inthe Roman calendar; the date that Julius Caesar was killed in 44 B.C. when he was stabbed to death in the Roman Senate.	27
1651227254	Roman Forum	Part of the centralized area around which ancient Rome developed as a city; government and public buildings are located there.	28
1651227255	Pantheon	A religious temple to Roman gods; rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian.	29
1651227256	Coliseum	An elliptical amphitheater in the center of the city of Rome, Italy; the largest ever built in the Roman Empire	30
1651227257	Circus Maximus	An ancient Roman chariot racing stadium and mass entertainment venue located in Rome.	31
1651227258	concrete	A roman invention used in the construction of buildings, aqueducts, and harbors.	32
1651227259	"all roads lead to Rome"	A reference to the importance of Roman trade and Rome as the center of that trade.	33
1651227260	Roman roads	50,000 miles spanned the Roman Empire, spreading its legions, culture and immense influence.	34
1651227261	Pax Romana	Roman Peace; period of peace and prosperity at the height of the Roman Empire.	35
1651227262	Barbarian Invasions	Period of time during the Roman Empire when non-Roman people began to migrate to the empire.	36
1651227263	ethnocentrism	The belief that one's culture is superior to that of another.	37
1651227264	cultural diffusion	The spread of customs and traditions from one place to another.	38
1651227265	Silk Road	Trade route from central China, across central Asia, linking the eastern mediterranean region with Asia.	39
1651227266	Taklmakan	Desert in western China through which the Silk Road passes; "once-you-go-in-you-never-come-out"	40
1651227267	Desert	A landscape or region that receives little or no precipitation.	41
1651227268	Han Dynasty	Imperial dynasty that ruled China (206 BC to AD 220); adopted Confucianism as its official philosophy.	42
1651227269	Confucianism	The teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family.	43
1651227270	filial piety	Respect for one's parents.	44
1651227271	civil service exam	official exams for government employees; based on Confucianism.	45
1651227272	Legalism	Chinese philosophy; strict rules with harsh punishments.	46
1651227273	Daoism	Philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi. He rejected formal social structures and he roles of people in society.	47
1651227274	acupuncture	A medical treatment used in China in which needles are used to redirect interal energy for healing.	48
1651227275	qi (internal energy)	Chinese belief; a "life force" that flows through the human body.	49
1651227276	Buddhism	South Asian religion which spread to China along the Silk Road.	50
1651227277	Socrates	Ancient Greek philosopher from Athens; was tried and executed for "curropting the youth" of Athens.	51
1651227278	Plato	Ancient Greek philosopher from Athens; a student of Socrates; wrote "The Republic".	52
1651227279	Aristotle	Ancient Greek philosopher; student of Plato; focused on Science	53
1651227280	Homer	Epic poet of ancient Greece; wrote "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey."	54
1651227281	Herodotus	The "father of history" in ancient Greece; wrote "The Persian Wars" - used myth and legend.	55
1651227282	Thucydides	Wrote "The Peloponesian War"; used interviews and first-hand accounts.	56
1651227283	Pericles	Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece; promoted democracy.	57
1651227284	Athena	Goddess of ancient Athens.	58
1651227285	Julius Caesar	A Roman military general and emperor who ruled from 49 BC - 15 March 44 BC.	59
1651227286	Caesar Augustus (Octavian)	The first ruler of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from January 27 BC until his death in AD 14.	60
1651227287	Hadrian	The fourteenth emperor of Rome from AD 117 to 138; rebuilt the Pantheon and constrcuted Hadrian's Wall in England.	61
1651227288	Qin Shi Huangdi	First emperor of China during the Qin Dynasty; built the Terra-Cotta Army as part of his tomb.	62
1651227289	Wu Di	5th Emperor of the Han Dynasty.	63
1651227290	Han Fei zi	Chinese Legalist philosopher.	64
1651227291	Confucius (Kung zi)	Chinese philosopher; emphasized social relationships and proper behavior.	65
1651227292	Lao zi	Ancient Chinese philosopher.	66
1651227293	classical civilization	Relating to Greece, Rome, Han Dynasty China.	67
1651227294	Great Wall	Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during Qin dynasty.	68
1651227295	Terra-Cotta Warriors	The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China near the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.	69

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Rocks and Rock Cycle Definitions Flashcards

Classify to organize objects or events into groups based on common characteristics.

Deposition the natural process of adding transported sediments to a landform.

Erosion the transport of fragments of rock by water, wind, ice, or gravity.

Extrusive igneous rock rock formed from the cooling of molten rock on Earth's surface.

Foliation the texture of a metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are aligned like the pages of a book.

Fossil the remains or traces of a once-living organism that is preserved in rock.

Igneous rock rock formed from the cooling of molten rock.

Intrusive igneous rock - rock formed from the cooling of molten rock below Earth's surface.
Lava molten rock that has erupted onto Earth's surface.

Lithification the compaction and cementing of sediment into rock.

Magma molten rock below Earth's surface.

Metamorphic rock rock that has been changed by heat and pressure.
Rock cycle a continuous series of events through which a rock is transformed from one type to another.

Sediment rock fragments that have been transported to a different location.
Sedimentary rock rock formed from sediments, organic remains, or chemical precipitates.
Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed of rock fragments cemented together.
Organic sedimentary rocks are composed of the remains of living organisms. Examples include fossil limestone and coal.
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from chemicals dissolved in water. Examples include rock salt and travertine (a type of limestone).

Soil the top layer of Earth's surface that supports plant growth.
Soil contains a mixture of rock fragments, clay, and organic material.

Strata layers of sedimentary rock that form from the deposition of sediments.
Stratum is the singular form of strata.

Texture the sizes, shapes, and positions of the grains in a rock.

Weathering the breakdown of rock due to rain, wind, ice, sunlight, and plants.

Terms : Hide Images

2312875028	crystal	solid in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern.	0
2312875029	hardness	measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.	1
2312875030	luster	property of metals and alloys that describes having a shiny appearance or reflecting light.	2
2312875031	mineral	naturally occurring substance, with definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.	3
2312875032	streak	color of a mineral when it is in powdered form.	4
2312875033	cleavage	The atoms are arranged so perfectly that crystals break along clean lines	5
2312875034	erosion	the transport of fragments of rock by water, wind, ice, or gravity.	6
2312875035	Igneous rock	rock formed from the cooling of molten rock; can be extrusive or intrusive depending on if it cooled outside (extrusive) or inside (intrusive) the earth.	7
2312875036	Lava	molten rock that has erupted onto Earth's surface.	8
2312875037	Magma	molten rock below Earth's surface.	9
2312875038	Metamorphic rock	rock that has been changed by heat and pressure; can have banding (foliated) or no banding (non-foliated).	10
2312875039	Rock cycle	a continuous series of events through which a rock is transformed from one type to another.	11
2312875040	Sediment	rock fragments that have been transported to a different location.	12
2312875041	Sedimentary rock	rock formed from sediments (clastic), plant or animal remains (organic), or chemical precipitates (chemical).	13
2312875042	Weathering	the breakdown of rock due to rain, wind, ice, sunlight, and plants.	14
2312875043	granite	A usually light colored intrusive igneous rock that is found in continental crust	15
2312875044	gneiss	A metamorphic rock that has ribbon like layers. It was made from other rocks that have been squeezed and heated a long time in the Earth.	16
2312875045	slate	A type of Metamorphic rock that was once shale rock formed by heat and pressure.	17
2312875046	limestone	A sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals; may or may not contain shells	18
2312875047	shale	A sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of successive layers of clay.	19
2312875048	sandstone	A sedimentary rock formed by cementing grains of sand over time.	20
2312875049	coal	Interesting rock composed of the remains of plants that lived in tropical swamps millions of years ago. Can be lower quality (sedimentary) or be acted upon by heat and pressure (metamorphic).	21
2312875050	marble	metamorphic rock that was once limestone	22
2312875051	fossils	-Traces of ancient life preserved in the layers/strata as shells, footprints, and bones.	23
2312875052	Extrusive Igneous Rock	Igneous rock that cools on the surface of the earth so it cools very quickly and has little time for crystals to form (small crystals); may have vesicles (air pockets). Example: Scoria	24
2312875053	Intrusive Igneous Rock	Igneous rock that cools inside the earth so it cools very slowly and has large crystals form. Example: Granite	25
2312875054	Clastic Sedimentary Rock	Sedimentary rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted or cemented together. Example: Sandstone	26
2312875055	Organic Sedimentary Rock	Sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants or animals. Example: Limestone	27
2312875056	Chemical Sedimentary Rock	Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from a suspension. Example: gypsum	28
2312875057	Foliated Metamorphic Rock	A metamorphic rock that gives the rock a layered appearance. Example: Gneiss	29
2312875058	Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock	A metamorphic rock that does not exhibit a banded or layered appearance. Example: Marble.	30

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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

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475258277	organelles	Structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell.	0
475258282	cytosol	The soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes.	1
475258283	eukaryotic cells	Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.	2
475258284	cytoplasm	The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.	3
475258285	plasma membrane	The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.	4
475258286	nuclear envelope	double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus	5
475258287	nuclear lamina	A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.	6
475258288	chromosomes	A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.	7
475258289	chromatin	The readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins	8
475258290	nucleolus	Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins.	9
475258291	endomembrane system	A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.	10
475258292	vesicle	Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.	11
475258293	smooth ER	Synthesis of lipids, phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells).	12
475258294	rough ER	A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.	13
475258295	glycoprotein	A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.	14
485181252	transport vesicles	Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another.	15
485181253	Golgi apparatus	stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum	16
485181254	phagocytosis	Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.	17
485181255	lysosome	A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.	18
485181256	contractile vacuoles	A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.	19
485181257	mitochondria	The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.	20
485181258	chloroplasts	Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.	21
485181259	peroxisome	A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.	22
485181260	cristae	Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.	23
485181261	thylakoids	Membranous structures within a chloroplast that serve as the site for light harvesting in photosynthesis.	24
485181262	stroma	The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.	25
485181263	cytoskeleton	Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.	26
485181271	cytoplasmic streaming	the motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents.	27
485181272	cell wall	Strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.	28

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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

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475258277	organelles	Structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell.	0
475258282	cytosol	The soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes.	1
475258283	eukaryotic cells	Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.	2
475258284	cytoplasm	The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.	3
475258285	plasma membrane	The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.	4
475258286	nuclear envelope	double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus	5
475258287	nuclear lamina	A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.	6
475258288	chromosomes	A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.	7
475258289	chromatin	The readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins	8
475258290	nucleolus	Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins.	9
475258291	endomembrane system	A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.	10
475258292	vesicle	Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.	11
475258293	smooth ER	Synthesis of lipids, phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells).	12
475258294	rough ER	A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.	13
475258295	glycoprotein	A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.	14
485181252	transport vesicles	Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another.	15
485181253	Golgi apparatus	stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum	16
485181254	phagocytosis	Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.	17
485181255	lysosome	A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.	18
485181256	contractile vacuoles	A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.	19
485181257	mitochondria	The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.	20
485181258	chloroplasts	Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.	21
485181259	peroxisome	A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.	22
485181260	cristae	Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.	23
485181261	thylakoids	Membranous structures within a chloroplast that serve as the site for light harvesting in photosynthesis.	24
485181262	stroma	The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.	25
485181263	cytoskeleton	Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.	26
485181271	cytoplasmic streaming	the motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents.	27
485181272	cell wall	Strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.	28

267853963	General Mississippian Period	(AD 1000 - 1500) Agricultural economy; Maize! Regional polities. The major centers were Cahokia, Moundville, etc. There was monumental architecture: earthen mounds.	0
267853964	AD 900	First occupied!	1
267853965	AD 1050	Maximum Peak!	2
267853966	Post-AD 1350	Decline!	3
267853967	Monk's Mound	It was the largest structure. It would take 30 people filling eight 55 pound baskets of dirt a day. It took 167 years to build and decorate. It was believed that they built this seasonally and not all at once.	4
267853968	Mound 72	(AD 1000 - 1100) they buried 270 individuals. Melvin Fowler excavated it in 1972. There was woodhenge, a charnel house, and burials. The mass internment had females, males, and some headless burials. There was a high status burial on a bed of shell beads. They also found a grave of 50 women together between the ages of 18-23. They discovered a lot of relationships with others around North America. They also found "chungke" stones, which are disks for a game.	5
267853969	Palisade	They used 20,000 longs to construct this structure. it was rebuilt three times and it was used as a defensive structure.	6

2438688937	Pauketat 2008	-Clovis culture not first americans -extinction of megafauna as humans go east -Holocene begins, warmer, higher sea levels, extinction etc.	0
2438690957	Pauketat 2004	-Cahokia largest North American site -Monks Mound -large pyramids, sacrifice victims -theatre state? -ceremonies very important, Goertz model -big community bang, 1050 AD -state itself, or capital of a state -other sites as centres of complex chiefdoms -hereditary rulers, taxation and tribute and monumental architectrue	1
2438817017	An overlooked site	-AD 800-1400 -racism makes us ignore this site for a long time -must rethink world prehistory -Southern Illinois, across river from St. Louis -peak 1050-1200, BIG BANG -8 km squared, bigger than Tiwanaku -10-15 thousand permanent residents -some argue closer to 20,000 at peak -also monumental architecture, 120 earthwork mounds, 80 survive -largest is Monks Mound -now UNESCO world heritage site -Monks Mound named for French Trappist monks who settled here. Taken back in American Revolution -30 m high, 200 m long, 235 m wide -3rd largest structure in pre-Columbian Americas -entirely human made, supported wooden building -near Mississippi river	2
2438828669	Mississippi Culture	-mound building culture from 800-1600 AD -sites in southern Midwest, especially Illinois and Missouri, also southeast states and up as far north as Ohio -Mississippi river valley and tributaries -hundreds of sites -other monumental sites: Etowah (Georgia), Moundville (Alabama), Natchez (Mississippi), Spiro (Oklahoma) -most but not all abandoned by 15th c -described by Mando de Soto when visiting -Natchez occupied well into 18th C, met by French in the 1600s, but destroyed in 1730s. Leader called Great Son, King and high priest, carried on litters	3
2438836859	Cahokia was the MOST POWERFUL of the Mississippi culture	-abandoned by 1400, never seen in life by Europeans -pivotal site, shapes American archaeology -also an important story about erasure of indigenous history, social history -questions: chiefdom or state?	4
2438840408	Eastern North American Chronology	-paleo-indian, archaic, woodland periods -very different from old world chronology, terminology needs to be different -Late Woodland period is our focus -Paleo-Indian, late Pleistocene, humans just got here -Archaic is 8000 BC-500 BC, ends earlier in south, non-sedentary hunter-gatherers	5
2438843940	Woodland Period	-early, middle and late -1000/500 BC- European Contact -begins at emergence of ceramics (typology made before radiocarbon dating) -increased reliance on plant agriculture for subsistence -domestication in late archaic -early woodland still had hunter gatherers and horticulture -by late woodland, sedentary villages and larger settlements -Mississippian culture in latter part of Late Woodland -800-1400 AD, peak 1050-1200 -1400-European Contact is late mississippian, some abandonment	6
2438853673	Early Mounds Builders	-Poverty Point, ca 2200-700 BC -Eastern US has many large earthworks, sacred landscapes -built over generations -some of them 4000 years old, build by nomadic groups -Poverty Pt. Louisiana is type site -centre of site, concentric earthworks -dates back to Archaic period -serpent mound, cool earthwork, part of Adena culture or Hopewell tradition -this period marks time when disparate groups share customs e.g. mound building -serpent mound 1 m high, 400 m long, southern Ohio, built over time	7
2438862833	mound burials	-Hopewell and Adena cultures -multiple burials in mounds with grave goods -pottery, effigy pipes, mica objects	8
2438866931	southeastern ceremonial complex	-share ritual practice and objects -engraved shell objects, sheet copper -distinct pottery style with spirals -serving vessels for feasts -ceramic and stone human effigies -show bodily practices like facial tattoos, pierced ears -chunkey stones found all over southeast -unknown se, speculation, some think its a sport or game, others say form of gambling, others say part of ritual activity -items move by extensive river travel -communication, travel, exchange	9
2438914602	American Bottom	-floodplain of Mississipi, bottomlands -rich large area -would have been swampy, forested and agricultural land in Mississippi period -Cahokia grew beans, corn, squash -also oil-rich seeds, sunflowers, wild game, fish -large scale farming, surplus -extension of Cahokia by villages and farmsteads	10
2438918066	mounds and early american archaeology	-moundbuilder complexes, thousands of mounds -by 18th c, long-abandoned with no connections and explanations -colonial accounts, de Soto etc., forgotten until 20th c -interest after Revolution in 1790's while settling west of the Appalachians -Europeans see mounds as inconvenient but interesting -by 19th century, much debate among Antiquarians -interest in excavation, slaves digging, white people drawing layout. considered a social event -Thomas Jefferson 1781 does first stratigraphic excavation, finds burials -says mound made by several ritual events -1820, Caleb Atwater writers of earthworks -says most mounds made not by Native Americans, but by Europeans or someone else: Toltecs, Mesopotamians or Egyptians -maybe built by 10 lost tribes of Israel -maybe Vikings or Atlantis people -either way, people think built by a lost race driven from their land by current Native Americans	11
2438928556	Squier and Davis 1848	-first smithsonian publication -good maps, problematic interpretation -lack of appreciation, destroy mounds -railroad cuts through Cahokia -then KKK used it as a meeting place -suffers in 30s urban sprawl -later, drive-in theatre put here -archaeological research starts anew 60's	12
2438950786	chiefdom, state or what?	-just because its the biggest site, it's not the capital of all of them -it is unique, exceptional and central tho -sites unrelated politically but share economic, cultural, and religious phenomena -mound building, large scale feasting, burials and cosmology -seen in iconography and ritual objects -service and sahlins evolutionary typology, savagery/barbarism/civilization -new schema: band/tribe/chiefdom/state -chiefdom: between egalitarian society and state -have inequality, possibly hereditary rulers -economy built on tribute and redistribution -political power versus personal, lack of formal institutions and bureaucracy: power as extension of body -Tim Pauketat and Julie Hoult see that Cahokia doesn't fit Eurocentric models of statehood: ranked kinship groups -Hoult compares it to Balinese theatre state, 19th c (wheatley) -Hoult and Pauketat think it IS a state but they are not in the majority: people can't accept that native american society was complex -range of forms that do not fit greek/roman models -chiefdom sometimes just an almost-state	13
2438964275	tribute	-pay taxes in form of gifts etc -must be redistributed, a king must be generous -often in form of feasts	14
2438967439	Cahokia Chronology	-sub-phases of the peak -Lohman phase 1050-1100 AD -Big Bang, emergence as important centre, transformation -political and regional consolidation -changes in settlement patterns suggest reorganization at regional level, migration into the city -moving of entire villages -height influence, sudden increase of size/pop -new monumental architecture -food surplus to feed Cahokia and surrounding area	15
2438972837	Food production	-full-time farmers, corns, squash, starchy grains, oily seeds -supplemented with wild plant and animal resources -no evidence of intensive agriculture -more corncobs in rural, kernels in the city -no direct evidence of storage structures	16
2438975891	new spatiality	-increase in area and population of city, but also re-imagined -monks mound expanded, 120 major earthworks -huge recruitment and management -building mounds and plaza -new urban identity with monumental architecture, Cahokia as destination -location not ad hoc, sacred geography, cardinal directions, and cultural geography too -palisade around central core, plaza, wood not found, only decomposition stains -separates classes, ceremonial boundary, cosmological and not defensive	17
2438986924	great plaza	-large open space, ceremony and public events for thousands -massive feasts to show kings charisma and generosity -archaeological evidence shown by Pauketat -many garbage pits of food remains -shows social solidarity -feasting associated with construction, persuasive -work parties! -visitors bring ceramics home from Cahokia	18
2438992000	monks mound	-huge thing with structure on summit -probably residence of a king -flat mounds as residences, cone ones as burials -axis mundi, sacred centre of world, communication between spheres (Hoult, Wheatley) -intended to invoke sacred mountains, but where?	19
2438996329	woodhenge	-found by remains of round production, wood poles -astronomical calendrical property -poles in plazas around Cahokia	20
2438998765	residential space	-300 houses, perishable materials -domestic change in Big Bang -house form becomes standardized -conform to cardinal directions -Pauketat says hierarchy and heterarchy -organized by kinship, etc, affiliations -urban gardens -craft production increases, 1050 -raw materials, more cosmopolitan -shell, stone, copper -certain types of knowledge for different groups	21
2439004139	Mound 72	-martin fowler, 1970s -road built by fowler, small mortuary structure, 100 people -2 death pits of 40-50 females -8 different clusters of burials -also object caches, arrowheads and chunkey stones -perhaps sacrifices with dead ruler or those who went willingly to death -maybe a kinship practice -many sacrifices long postdate the main dead guy -maybe it's about lineage and clan, corporate versus elite burials	22
2439011083	Julie Hoult on Geertz's "Theatre State"	-in Bali, religion and politics connected -not about economic control but ceremony, honour, dignity and charisma: Geertz -power served pomp, not pomp power -Paul Wheatley's concept of Exemplary Ceremonial Centre -purpose was to launch spectacles, reinforcing Balinese kings right to rule (competitive) -maintain ones face, etiquette -be cautious with this model!	23

1878897808	where they lived	new mexico, arizona, colorado, and utah.	0
1878897809	geography	dolores valley, rio grande valley, and chaco canyon.	1
1878897810	food	maize, squash, beans, shells, rabbits, cotton, and deer.	2
1878897811	jobs	farmers and hunters.	3
1878897812	structure	leader, everyone else.	4
1878897813	government	passed down through mother. matrilocal: husband moves into brides home.	5
1878897814	religion	maintained harmony with nature. kachinos: ancestor spirits. religious ceremonies. seasonal.	6
1878897815	arts	pottery, basktries, sandels, jewelry,and copper bells.	7
1878897816	writing	oral history. many languages.	8
1878897817	technology	bows and arrows, throwing spears, mortar/ mud stone, resivors for water. pueblos. trade network.	9

2416240660	Cahokia Mounds	A group of very big old Indian earthworks in Illinois, consisting of mounds with flat tops	0
2416293944	Mound	A natural elevation of earth; a raised mass	1
2416316344	Earthwork	Excavation and piling of earth connection with an engineering operation	2
2461014375	Hectare	A unit of surface, or land, measure equal to 100 ares, or 10,000 square meters: equivalent to 2.471acres.	3
2461030865	Anthropologist	(Anthropology) the study of human beings' similarity to and divergence from other animals.	4
2461048360	Sedentary	Accustomed to sit or rest a great deal or to take little exercise.	5
2461102337	Excavation	A hole or cavity made by excavating.	6
2461105192	Excavating	To make (a hole, tunnel, etc.) by removing material	7
2466962009	Erected	to build; construct; raise	8

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