| 1358480136 | Fort Sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War | | 0 |
| 1358480137 | Winfield Scott | was a United States Army general, diplomat, and presidential candidate. Known as "Old Fuss and Feathers" and the "Grand Old Man of the Army", he served on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history and most historians rate him the ablest American commander of his time. Over the course of his fifty-year career, he commanded forces in the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Black Hawk War, the Second Seminole War, and, briefly, the American Civil War, conceiving the Union strategy known as the Anaconda Plan that would be used to defeat the Confederacy. | | 1 |
| 1358480138 | Richmond, Virginia | Capital of the Confederate States of America | | 2 |
| 1358480139 | West Virginia | By the end of 1861, it had liberated the anti secession mountain people of the region who created their own state government loyal to the Union; the state was admitted to the Union as West Virginia in 1863. | | 3 |
| 1358480140 | Butternut Region | area of southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois where an antislavery war would have been very unpopular | | 4 |
| 1358480141 | Border States | in the civil war the states between the north and the south: Delaware, Maryland, kentucky, and Missouri | | 5 |
| 1358480142 | Five Civilized Tribes | Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles; "civilized" due to their intermarriage with whites, forced out of their homelands by expansion | | 6 |
| 1358480143 | "Billy Yank" and "Johnny Reb" | "Brothers war". Billy Yank (the ordinary union soldier) and Johnny Reb (the typical confederate). both armies reflected the societies from which they came. One aspect of soldiering they shared was the dull routine of camp life. | | 7 |
| 1358480144 | Robert E. Lee | Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force | | 8 |
| 1358480145 | Thomas J. Jackson | Confederate commander who helped the South win Bull Run. Nicknamed the "Stonewall" and soldiers under his command were called "foot calvary" | | 9 |
| 1358480146 | Ulysses S. Grant | an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. | | 10 |
| 1358480147 | King Wheat and King Corn | monarchs of Northern agriculture-during war years the north had ideal weather while Britain had a series of bad harvests. Had the cheapest and most abundant supply | | 11 |
| 1358480148 | Trent Affair | In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release | | 12 |
| 1358480149 | The Alabama | A Confederate ship built in Britain and armed after it left port so it was not considered a warship when it left port. Displayed the main foreign intervention in the war, and because it never landed in a Confederate port it yielded Britain the naval base of the Confederacy. | | 13 |
| 1358480150 | Charles Francis Adams | An American diplomat who, as ambassador during the Civil War. He helped to keep the British from recognizing the Confederacy. In the Trent affair, he was instrumental in averting hostilities between the two nations. | | 14 |
| 1358480151 | Laird Rams | Two confederate warships being constructed in British shipyards, they were eventually seized by the British for British use to remain neutral in the Civil War. | | 15 |
| 1358480152 | Napoleon III | Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, and elected emperor of France from 1852-1870, he invaded Mexico when the Mexican government couldn't repay loans from French bankers. He sent in an army and set up a new government under Maximillian. He refused Lincoln's request that France withdraw. After the Civil War, the U.S. sent an army to enforce the request and Napoleon withdrew. | | 16 |
| 1358480153 | William H. Seward | a Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. | | 17 |
| 1358480154 | Writ of Habeas Corpus | a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person | | 18 |
| 1358480155 | Conscription | compulsory military service | | 19 |
| 1358480156 | "Three Hundred Dollar Men" | wealthy men who paid $300 to be replaced on the battlefield, so that they didn't have to fight in Civil War -- also would sometimes hire substitutes | | 20 |
| 1358480157 | New York City Draft Riots of 1863 | -Origins: fear of job competition fanned by Pro-Slavery, anti-Lincoln democrats
-Irish longshoreman strike during Civil War
Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclomation- Jan. 1stm 1863
-March: Lincoln issues stricter draft- all male citizens 20-45yrs-subject to draft (no Blacks)
-Irish, on strike and draftable, fear Black strikebreakers will take jobs
-E,P.= see war now about ending slavery- more fear of losing jobs
-Acted to push Irish against Blacks
Irish fought on both sides | | 21 |
| 1358480158 | Morrill Tariff Act | This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war. This was just one the new taxes being passed to meet the demanding costs of the war. Although they were still low to today's standers they still raked in millions of dollars. | | 22 |
| 1358480159 | "Greenback" | a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War | | 23 |
| 1358480160 | National Banking System | (AL) , Authorized by Congress in 1863 to establish a standard bank currency. Banks that joined the system could buy bonds and issue paper money. First significant step toward a national bank. (North) | | 24 |
| 1358480161 | "Fifty-Niners" | Name given to those who rushed to harvest the petroleum gushers in 1859. The result was the birth of a new industry with its "petroleum plutocracy" and "coal oil Johnnies." Some of these 59ers moved west to avoid the federal draft. | | 25 |
| 1358480162 | Homestead Act of 1862 | Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repossessed or failed until "dry farming" took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects | | 26 |
| 1358480163 | Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell | America's first female physician. She helped organize the U.S. Sanitary commission to assist the Union armies in the field. The commission trained nurses, collected medial supplies, and equipped hospitals. Commission work helped many women acquire the skills and self-confidence that would propel the women's rights movement after the war. | | 27 |
| 1358480164 | Clara Barton | Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field. | | 28 |
| 1358480165 | Sally Tompkins | Confederate nurse who ran a hospital in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War | | 29 |
| 1358480166 | Battle of 1st Bull Run | Yankee recruits headed to ____ ___; it first went well for the North, but "Stonewall" Jackson's troops scared Yankees into retreat. Showed that war would not be so easy for North. | | 30 |
| 1358480167 | George B. McClellan | a general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; nicknamed "Tardy George" because of his failure to move troops to Richmond; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice. | | 31 |
| 1358480168 | Pinkerton's Detective Agency | gave McClellan unreliable intelligence reports that made him think Lee's army vastly outnumbered his | | 32 |
| 1358480169 | Peninsula Campaign | a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. The operation, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, was an amphibious turning movement intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond by circumventing the Confederate States Army in northern Virginia. McClellan was initially successful against the equally cautious General Joseph E. Johnston, but the emergence of General Robert E. Lee changed the character of the campaign and turned it into a humiliating Union defeat. | | 33 |
| 1358480170 | "Jeb" Stuart | Confederate soldier known for his BOLD raids of seeking out information about enemy positions. Rode completely around Union Army in Reconaissance, and Gen. Robert E. Lee launched counterattack, causing Union forces to abandon Peninsula Campaign. | | 34 |
| 1358480171 | Blockade Runners | They were fast ships that could maneuver through Union blockades to England and France. They took jewelry and other valuables from the South and sold in England and France to buy guns and other war supplies and went back to the South. If one was caught, they were executed | | 35 |
| 1358480172 | Battle of Monitor and Merrimack | was the most noted and arguably most important naval battle of the American Civil War from the standpoint of the development of navies. It was fought over two days, March 8-9, 1862, in Hampton Roads, a roadstead in Virginia where the Elizabeth and Nansemond Rivers meet the James River just before it enters Chesapeake Bay. The battle was a part of the effort of the Confederacy to break the Union blockade, which had cut off Virginia's largest cities, Norfolk and Richmond, from international trade. | | 36 |
| 1358480173 | Battle of 2nd Bull Run | Confederacy defeats Union. This cleared the way for Lee to go North to D.C. | | 37 |
| 1358480174 | John Pope | Union general with brief but successful career in the Western Theater, but he is best known for his defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the East. | | 38 |
| 1358480175 | Battle at Antietam Creek | 2 Union soldiers found copy of Lee's battle plans, and McClellan won one of the bitterest and bloodiest days of the war on 17 SEP 1862. | | 39 |
| 1358480176 | Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free. Technically FREED NO SLAVES. | | 40 |
| 1358480177 | Wendell Phillips | this Garrison associate of pre-Civil War fame denounced Lincoln as "first-rate second-rate man." | | 41 |
| 1358480178 | "Abolition War" | Public reactions to Emancipation Proclamation varied, opposition mounted in the North against supporting an _________ ___ | | 42 |
| 1358480179 | Fort Pillow | Tennessee site of Confederate massacre of more than 200 African American war prisoners after they had formally surrendered | | 43 |
| 1358480180 | A.E. Burnside | more than 10,000 Northern soldiers were killed when this man, McClellan's successor as commander of the Army of the Potomac, decided on the frontal attack on Lee's Virginia army on December 13, 1862 at the Battle of Fredericksburg. | | 44 |
| 1358480181 | Battle of Chancellorsville | The Union was defeated again with the Confederacy being led by Robert E. Lee. General Thomas Stonewall Jackson was accidentally wounded here by one of his own men. | | 45 |
| 1358480182 | George G. Meade | Union general who replaced Hooker three days before the Battle of Gettysburg, where he finally broke the Confederate attack. | | 46 |
| 1358480183 | Battle of Gettysburg | turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North. | | 47 |
| 1358480184 | Pickett's Charge | 3rd day of Gettysburg, Lee asked Pickett to lead troops on a mile and a half run where they were then slaughtered by the union army | | 48 |
| 1358480185 | Gettysburg Address | a 3-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg | | 49 |
| 1358480186 | Ulysses S. Grant | an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. | | 50 |
| 1358480187 | Fort Henry and Fort Donelson | feb. 1862,TN, Grant captures these two forts on the TN river and Cumberland river | | 51 |
| 1358480188 | Battle of Shiloh | Confederate forces suprised union troops & drove them across the Tennesee river; union got backup and won the battle but it was one of the most bloody battles in the civil war | | 52 |
| 1358480189 | David G. Farragut | a union admiral remembered for running a blockade of torpedoes while taking Mobile, Alabama | | 53 |
| 1358480190 | Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain | Grant won both of these desperate engagements in Tennessee | | 54 |
| 1358480191 | William Tecumseh Sherman | United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West he captured Atlanta and led a destructive "March to the Sea" that cut the Confederacy in two (1820-1891) | | 55 |
| 1358480192 | Clement L. Vallandigham | An anti-war Democrat who criticized Lincoln as a dictator, called him "King Abraham". He was arrested and exiled to the South., Prominent Copperhead who was an ex-congressman from Ohio, demanded an end to the war, and was banished to the Confederacy | | 56 |
| 1358480193 | Union Party | included all of the Republicans and the war Democrats. It excluded the copperheads and peace Democrats. It was formed out of fear of the republican party losing control. It was responsible for nominating Lincoln. | | 57 |
| 1358480194 | Wilderness Campaign | Union troops launched this with about 100,000 men against 70,000 Confederates (fighting for 10 days) Unions forced Confederates north of Richmond | | 58 |
| 1358480195 | Cold Harbor | Fought during the American Civil War from June 1 to June 3, 1864, near Cold Harbor, Virginia, it culminated in the slaughter of more than 13,000 Union soldiers attempting to advance to the Confederate entrenchment. The Confederates lost fewer than 2,000 men, and even they were shocked by the carnage caused by the folly of the Union commanders. | | 59 |
| 1358480196 | John Wilkes Booth | United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln (1838-1865) | | 60 |
| 1358480197 | Andrew Johnson | A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president. | | 61 |
| 1358480198 | Exodusters | African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas. | | 62 |
| 1358480199 | Freedmen's Bureau | 1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs | | 63 |
| 1358480200 | Oliver O. Howard | Head of the Freedmen's Bureau which was intended to be a kind of primitive welfare agency for free blacks. Later founded and served as President of Howard University in Washington D.C. | | 64 |
| 1358480201 | "10 Percent" Plan | It was a reconstruction plan that decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the union when 10 percent of voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States and pledged to abide by emancipation. The next step would be erection of a state gov. and then purified regime. (Lincoln) | | 65 |
| 1358480202 | Wade-Davis Bill | 1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction than 10 percent plan; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned. | | 66 |
| 1358480203 | 13th Amendment | This amendment freed all slaves without compensation to the slaveowners. It legally forbade slavery in the United States. | | 67 |
| 1358480204 | Black Codes | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves | | 68 |
| 1358480205 | Alexander Stephens | He was the vice-president of the Confederacy until 1865 when it was defeated and destroyed by the Union. Like the other leaders of the Confederacy, he was under indictment for treason. | | 69 |
| 1358480206 | Homestead Act | Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25. | | 70 |
| 1358480207 | 14th Amendment | Meant to rivet principles of Civil Rights Bill into the Constitution--conferred civil rights on freedmen, reduced representation of a state in Congress and in Electoral College if it denied blacks the ballot, disqualififormer confederates from federal and state office, guaranteed federal debt while repudiating all confederate debts | | 71 |
| 1358480208 | Charles Sumner | Radical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks | | 72 |
| 1358480209 | Thaddeus Stevens | Man behind the 14th Amendment, which ends slavery. Stevens and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other. Known as a Radical Republican | | 73 |
| 1358480210 | Radical Republicans | These were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after. | | 74 |
| 1358480211 | Reconstruction Act of 1866 | Passed after Johnson tried to veto it. Imposed martial laws on Confederate states. They were required to ratify the 14th Amendment. | | 75 |
| 1358480212 | 15th Amendment | citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude | | 76 |
| 1358480213 | Ex Parte Milligan (1866) | Ruled that a civilian cannot be tried in military courts while civil courts are available. | | 77 |
| 1358480214 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony | These two feminists temporarily suspended their demands and worked for black emancipation during the war | | 78 |
| 1358480215 | Union League | a pro Union organization based in the North and was assisted by northern blacks; this political network educated members in their civic duties and campaigned for Republican candidates; they built black churches and schools and fought to protect black communities from white retaliation | | 79 |
| 1358480216 | Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce | The two African-Americans who served in the senate during reconstruction. | | 80 |
| 1358480217 | "Scalawags" and "Carpetbaggers" | ________ were often Southerners , former Unionists and Whigs Confederates accused of plundering treasurioes of southstates through political influence. Accused _____ of Being Northeners comming to South at the end of the war to get power and profit. | | 81 |
| 1358480218 | Ku Klux Klan | "Invisible empire of the South"
, a secret society of white Southerners in the United States | | 82 |
| 1358480219 | Force Acts of 1870 and 1871 | laws designed to stamp out Ku Klux Klan terrorism in the south | | 83 |
| 1358480220 | Tenure of Office Act | 1867 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet | | 84 |
| 1358480221 | Edwin M. Stanton | Secretary of War appointed by Lincoln. President Andrew Johnson dismissed him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act, and as a result, Congress wanted Johnson's impeachment. | | 85 |
| 1358480222 | Impeachment | a formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office | | 86 |
