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European History

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Wars Timeline

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European Wars

Karina Bigott P-1 Wars Timeline 100 Year?s War (1337-1453) House of Valois (French) vs. House of Anjou (French and English) for the French Throne. House of Valois wins.]u Significance: began feelings of English and French nationalism; new military tactics including standing armies; lasted 116 years. The war, along with epidemics and famines reduced the French population by one-half. Important players: Joan of Arc; Edward II; Phillip VI; black death. War of the Roses (1455-1485) The House of Lancaster (red rose) vs. the House of York (white rose) for English throne. Lancastrian Henry Tudor (Henry VII) claims throne, marries Elizabeth of York, and reconciles both houses to form House of Tudor. Technically, Lancaster won. 30 Year?s War (1618-1648)

Causes of the French Revolution

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Causes of the French Revolution
I.The Beginning of the Revolutionary Era: The American Revolution French Rev. represents destruction of “old regime” and new order based on ind. Rights, rep. Institutions, and loyalty to countries (vs. monarchs). Not completely revolutionary—political rights extended, but mostly to the burgeiose. The Fr. Rev. + Industrial Rev. ==> to modern history of Europe. At end of 7 Yrs' War, Britain = best colonial power. Britain retained vision of single empire with Parl. As single authority for laws, including to Americans. It controlled Americans, who had rep. Assemblies and believed that neither Parl. Nor king could tax w/o representation. Crises 1770s to 1776, with Dec. of Ind. A. The War for Independence i. Tough fight:

Renaissance & Reformation Notes

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Ch. 3/4 Renaissance: - 1350-1500 Financial base Humanism 5 Artists Individualism Secularism Portraits Leonardo da Vinci Machiavelli Erasmus Petrarch Etc. Northern (religious) vs. Southern (secular) Reformation 1517= 95 Theses Martin Luther vs. John Calvin Martin Luther was against indulgences, wanted Bible to be only authority John Calvin believed in predestine (Puritans) Catholic Response Council of Trent Ursuline Nuns Jesuits Counter Reformation Inquisition Reforms (better trained priests, ex.) Henry VII Quasi-protestant (kept a lot of the ritual Catholic Churchs) Became head of the Church, not the pope Ch. 5/6 Explorers & New Technology What made Europeans such great explorers? Columbian Exchange New goods and trades Tobacco, corn

AP EURO review ch. 1 origins

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Chapter Outlines Chapter 1: Origins Study Outline Use this outline to preview the chapter before you read a particular section in your textbook and then as a selfcheck to test your reading comprehension after you have read the chapter section. What is history and why do we study it? History is the effort to reconstruct the past. The past must be understood so we can understand the factors that shape us today. Historians reconstruct the past by posing questions about it and then attempting to answer them by studying primary and secondary sources. Herodotus, the "father of history," joined the two concepts of inquiry and research. Historians must assess the validity and perspective of each source they study.

list of important people- ap euro

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List of Important People in Order Popes Pius II- ended the Conciliar Movement by issuing the papal bull Execrabilis Sixtus IV- used nepotism to promote his own family in the church Alexander VI- Julius II- “warrior pope” and worked on the present St. Peters Basilica; high renaissance Leo X- excommunicated Luther and sold indulgences France Charles VII- King during the 100 year war; worked with the estates-general to establish a royal army and to levy taille. Louis XI- “spider king”, The king of Absolute monarchy, manipulated the estates-general by making taille permanent Charles VIII- invaded Naples in 1494, invited by Sforza to invade Florence, started the Italian Wars

Contrasting the Renaissance and Later Middle Ages

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AP European History Contrasting the Renaissance and Later Middle Ages Created in 1998 by Chaffey Classes of ?99, ?00, & ?01 Renaissance Later Middle Ages Philosophy: Humanism ? Emphasis on secular concerns due to rediscovery and study of ancient Greco-Roman culture. Religion dominates Medieval thought. Scholasticism: Thomas Aquinas ? reconciles Christianity with Aristotelian science. Ideal: ? Virt? ? Renaissance Man should be well- rounded (Castiglione) Ideal: ? Man is well-versed in one subject. Literature: ? Humanism; secularism ? Northern Renaissance focuses also on writings of early church fathers ? Vernacular (e.g. Petrarch, Boccacio) ? Covered wider variety of subjects (politics, art,

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