19th century essays
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European History
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http://course-notes.org/European_History
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The Reformation
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Martin Luther, a monk from Wittenberg in Germany began to criticize the power and corruption of the Catholic church in 1517. Luther demanded reform of the church. Some of Luther?s criticisms of the church: ? Indulgences - paying for forgiveness Pardoners, with permission from the Pope, travelled all across Europe selling Indulgences. They said all you had to do was buy one and you could pay for forgiveness - even for someone who had already died. You could buy a ticket to heaven! ? The Bible - only in Latin Luther said it was unfair of the Pope to stop translations of the bible. Ordinary people couldn?t read Latin. Luther said it was unfair because they had to rely on what their priest told them - they couldn?t read it themselves!
Ap Euro Practice Test 1988 answers
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Chapter 17
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Gender and The early modern era
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French Revolution Notes
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French Revolution: important because France is most populated, influential country 3 estates: 1. Clergy owns 10% of land, don?t pay taxes, gap between upper clergy and parish priests 2.Nobility owns 30% of land, don?t pay taxes, have political power & privileges * both 1 & 2 estates: tithes & dues from home, have privilege, resist change, 2% of society 3.Commoners 90% of population Peasants= 80% world view local, catholic, seek protection, hate local land owner Sans-culottes/city workers- in the city. Issues: wages stay same, prices go up Bourgeoisie=middle class: relatively wealthy, educated, pay taxes, no pol infl Economic issues: harvest of 1788 sucked peasants still pay taxes, price of bread goes up
European History notes from Mrs. Dorfer
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European Notes 12/8/10 ? 1/5/11 The Growth of Towns and Cities By end of century, Europe has 22 cities with more than 100,000 people London: World?s largest port, Thames, center of banking, finance, insurance, manufacturing and exports Increased manufacturing Liverpool and Manchester By 1800, Manchester became the ?metropolis of manufacturing? 75 thousand inhabitants Cities and towns began to take pride in development Wealthy merchants and banker liver in elegant town homes in city They would use wealth to buy way into the nobility Unusual to buy titles in England Monarch may reward Marry daughter into noble family Paris become European capital of luxury goods French language spread through upper classes French nobles became known for ?conspicuous consumption?
European History notes from Mrs. Dorfer
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European Notes 12/8/10 ? 1/5/11 The Growth of Towns and Cities By end of century, Europe has 22 cities with more than 100,000 people London: World?s largest port, Thames, center of banking, finance, insurance, manufacturing and exports Increased manufacturing Liverpool and Manchester By 1800, Manchester became the ?metropolis of manufacturing? 75 thousand inhabitants Cities and towns began to take pride in development Wealthy merchants and banker liver in elegant town homes in city They would use wealth to buy way into the nobility Unusual to buy titles in England Monarch may reward Marry daughter into noble family Paris become European capital of luxury goods French language spread through upper classes French nobles became known for ?conspicuous consumption?
Renaissance & Reformation Notes on Spielvogel
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Kai Aichholz ? PAGE ?1? Kai Aichholz ? PAGE ?1? Chapter 12 Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance Chapter Outline: Section 1: Meaning and Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance
Basic Vocab
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Feudalism: medieval social system; nobility hold land from the Crown in xchange milit service-peasants pay use of land--peasants labor=protection from state
Nationalism: sense 2grthness; fighting same cause
Mercantilism: econ policy undr which nations sought 2 increase their wealth nd powr by obtaining large amts gold nd silvr nd exporting more than importing.
Bullion: gold & silvr
Capitalism: using $ to make profits or more $
Domestic system: system which weavrs nd craftrs prod goods @ home
Romantics: stressed emotion
Socialism: state (rathr than private) ownrship of the means of prod nd othr large businesses that prod nd distrib goods; welfare all ppl.
Proletariat: struggle in indust society btwn capitalists nd workrs.
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