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European History

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Euro Vocab

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Robert Browne?founder of the Brownists?seceded from the Church of England. John Calvin?Institutes of the Christian religion; leader of Calvinism?form of Protestant. Pope Leo X?excommunicated Martin Luther Pope Clement VII Pope Paul III Pope Paul IV Pope Pius V Thomas Cranmer Johann Eck John Hus Ignatius de Loyola John of Leyden John Knox Martin Luther Michael Servetus Johann Tetzel Thomas Wolsey John Wycliffe Ulrich Zwingli Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour Edward VI Charles V?Holy Roman Emperor Philip II Mary I Elizabeth I Henry VIII Menno Simons Faustus Socinus Catherine de Medici Henry of Navarre William I of Orange (the ?Silent?) HRE Matthias HRE Ferdinand I HRE Ferdinand II Count of Tilly Albrecht von Wallenstein Gustavus Adolphus

notes

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Unit 7 19TH CENTURY POLITICS: 1815-1848 I. Fallout after Napoleon A. The defeat of Napoleon and the diplomatic settlement of the Congress of Vienna restored the conservative political and social order in Europe ("Age of Reaction"). B. The period of 1815-1848 is a time of confrontation of the conservative order with potential sources of unrest found in the forces of liberalism, nationalism, and popular sovereignty. C. 19c liberals wanted to limit the arbitrary power of governments against the persons and property of individual citizens. D. Liberalism was often complimentary to nationalism in Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. E. Russia took the lead in suppressing liberal and nationalistic tendencies.

Reformation

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Berit Browning AP EURO Renaissance Government 5 major cities Milan Venice Florence Kingdom of Naples Papacy strive for balance of powers so they invented ambassadors alliances(new types: defensive) Peace of Lodi 1494: Florence, Milan, Venice Response to a French invasion In the course of 1 year: Julius II betrayed venice and joins milan and florence to go against Venice then attacks naples keeps flip flopping back and forth and betraying one another mercenaries make up their armies auxiliary, leaders are the charismatic captains when it looks like venice will win florence offers a better prize and in the middle of the battle the switch sides confirms Machiavelli's beliefs because

The Gregorian Revolution

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Western Society, pp.273-276 (The Gregorian Revolution.) Summarize the ideas of Gregory VII. Pope Gregory VIII (1073-1085) , was an main influence in the papal reform movement of the eleventh century, often called the Gregorian reform movement. He was the first pope to emphasize the political authority of the papacy. His belief that kings had failed to promote reform in church prompted him to claim a role in the politics of Western Christendom. Gregory insisted on the freedom of the church, meaning the end of Lay investiture, the selection and appointment of church officials by secular authority. They believed that churchmen must be free form the control and interference of laypeople.

Chapter 22

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Chapter 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism (1815-1850) Vocabulary

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History Vocabulary: Chapter 21 Congress of Vienna ? Meeting of Quadruple Alliance after defeat of Napoleon, in which Europe was recreated, and the French assessed an indemnity. Viscount Castlereagh ? Br. Foreign Secretary, represented GB at Concert of Vienna. Opposed intervention in other countries affairs. Klemens von Metternich ? Austrian foreign minister who led Congress of Vienna. Key figure in the fate of Europe. Prince Tallyrand ? French diplomat, chief negotiator at Congress of Vienna, was able to secure more lenient results of France. Reflections on the Revolution in France ? Edmund Burke, created philosophy of conservatism, which is aganist the overthrow of a government by revolution, but slowly, reforms could be made.

The French Revolution & Reorganization of France

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A. The Financial Crisis • French debt 1788- mainly war debts (US revolution) • Calonne's proposals – proposed to have tax without exemptions for anyone. King dismissed him. • Loménie de Brienne- new finacial officer. Tried to push the same idea, nut also failed. Estated General wanted to control taxes but the king/brienne didn’t want them to bc it would be run by nobles. • Louis 16 tried to replace the Estates general with a judicial branch but it led to the nobility "initiating revolution" 1788- in which the nobles stopped working,so Louis promiced to call the Estates General. B. From Estates General to National Assembly

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