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Psychology

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Unit 2 AP Psychology

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Psychology
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Causal inference
Design of experiments
Knowledge
Metaphysics
Scientific method
Psychometrics
Covariance and correlation
Experiments
Confounding
Statistics
Descriptive statistics
Correlation coefficient

UNIT 2 NOTES: Research Methods The Need for Psychological Science Critical Thinking thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions examines assumptions discerns hidden values evaluates evidence Three hurdles that tend to skew our logic: Hindsight Bias The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that you knew it all along Overconfidence We tend to think we know more than we do The Barnum Effect It is the tendency for people to accept very general or vague characterizations of themselves and take them to be accurate Applied V. Basic Research Applied Research has clear, practical applications. Basic Research explores questions that you may be curious about, but not intended to be immediately used The Scientific Method Theory

Unit 1 AP Psychology

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Psychology
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Psychology
Metaphysics
Neuroscience
Behavioural sciences
Psychological theories
Philosophy of psychology
Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt
Introspection
Unconscious mind
Functional psychology
Margaret Floy Washburn

UNIT 1 NOTES: Psychology: The study of our inner feelings and behaviors (our feelings do not always match our behaviors Psychology has Greek roots- ?psyche-? means ?mind? and is separate & distinct from the physical body. ?-ology? is a field of study, the ?study of the mind? History of Psychology: Although the science of psychology started in the late 1800?s, the concept has been around a lot longer. There was evidence of trephination (cutting holes into a skull to let evil spirits out) back in the Stone Age. Introspection: Started with William Wundt?s first psychological laboratory (1879) and his concept of introspection (structuralism). Then William James wrote The Principles of Psychology and discussed functionalism.

Quick Review AP Psychology

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Psychology
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Psychology
Neuroscience
Behaviorism
Neuropsychological assessment
Psychological manipulation
Learning
Emotions
Operant conditioning
Association
Memory
Neuron
Reinforcement

crash_course_study_guide_AP_Psych.doc 1 CCrraasshh CCoouurrssee SSttuuddyy GGuuiiddee ffoorr AAPP PPssyycchhoollooggyy EExxaamm IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN Psychology is the scientific study of thought and behavior. Psychologists study how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, and actions, and how internal and external environments affect them. Four primary goals of psychology: describe behavior, explain behavior, predict behavior, influence behavior. I. APPROACHES TO PSYCHOLOGY A. Biological: focuses on the relationship between the body and the mind B. Behavioral: concerned mainly with a person?s observable responses to stimuli C. Cognitive: concerned with memory, perception, thought, and other mental processes

AP Psychology Chapter Outlines

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Psychology
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AP Psychology
Advanced Placement
Science education
Psychology
Science
Education in the United States
Schaum's Outlines
Outline of psychology

AP PSYCH REVIEW NOTES Unit 1: History and Approaches Introduction People have brains?the most complex thing known in the universe. People have minds?non-physical but undoubtedly real. People are naturally interested in other people and in what goes on in our minds. Psychology?s roots Buddha, Confucius, and Hebrew scholars philosophized on the mind in a broad sense. The ancient Greeks philosophized on the mind as well. Socrates and Plato used logic to decide that the mind is separate from the body and that knowledge is innate (born with us). Aristotle disagreed and said knowledge comes from observing experiences. Little happened through the Dark Ages until the Renaissance (1500s) that awakened people.

The 1 Percent Rule: Why a Few People Get Most of the Rewards

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Psychology
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Vilfredo Pareto
Adages
Pareto principle
Percentage
Knowledge
Mathematics
Sociology

9/30/2018 The 1 Percent Rule: Why a Few People Get Most of the Rewards https://jamesclear.com/the-1-percent-rule 1/13 JAMES CLEAR The 1 Percent Rule: Why a Few People Get Most of the Rewards by James Clear (staging.jamesclear.com/about)????| ???? Continuous Improvement (https://jamesclear.com/continuous-improvement), Featured (https://jamesclear.com/featured), Habits (https://jamesclear.com/habits) Sometime in the late 1800s?nobody is quite sure exactly when?a man named Vilfredo Pareto was fussing about in his garden when he made a small but interesting discovery. Pareto noticed that a tiny number of pea pods in his garden produced the majority of the peas. Now, Pareto was a very mathematical fellow. He worked as an economist and one

A Margin of Safety: How to Thrive in the Age of Uncertainty

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Psychology
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Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Katrina
Factor of safety
Margin of safety
Safety
Geography of the United States

9/30/2018 Margin of Safety: Always Be Stronger Than You Need to Be https://jamesclear.com/margin-of-safety 1/12 JAMES CLEAR A Margin of Safety: How to Thrive in the Age of Uncertainty by James Clear (staging.jamesclear.com/about)????| ???? Mental Models (https://jamesclear.com/mental-models) In late August of 2005, one of the most dangerous tropical storms in history began brewing. The waters of the Gulf of Mexico were unusually warm that month, and the high temperatures transformed the ocean basin into a giant cauldron with the optimal conditions for growth. As the tropical storm cut across the tip of Florida and entered the Gulf, it immediately began to swell. In less than 24 hours, the storm doubled in size. And

Inversion: The Crucial Thinking Skill Nobody Ever Taught You

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Psychology
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Linguistics
Mathematics
Syntax
Voicing
Harmony
Inversion
Melody
Musical symmetry
Question
English subjunctive
English conditional sentences

9/30/2018 Inversion: The Crucial Thinking Skill Nobody Ever Taught You https://jamesclear.com/inversion 1/11 JAMES CLEAR Inversion: The Crucial Thinking Skill Nobody Ever Taught You by James Clear (staging.jamesclear.com/about)????| ???? Mental Models (https://jamesclear.com/mental-models) The ancient Stoic philosophers like Marcus Aurelius (https://jamesclear.com/marcus-aurelius), Seneca, and Epictetus regularly conducted an exercise known as?a premeditatio malorum, which translates to a ?premeditation of evils.? The goal of this exercise was to envision the negative things that could happen in life. For example, the Stoics would imagine what it would be like to lose their job and become homeless or to suffer an injury and become paralyzed or to have their

Entropy: Why Life Always Seems to Get More Complicated

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Psychology
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Physics
Continuum mechanics
Mechanics
State functions
Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics
Entropy
Second law of thermodynamics
Introduction to entropy
Entropy and life

9/30/2018 Entropy: Why Life Always Seems to Get More Complicated https://jamesclear.com/entropy 1/11 JAMES CLEAR Entropy: Why Life Always Seems to Get More Complicated by James Clear (staging.jamesclear.com/about)????| ???? Mental Models (https://jamesclear.com/mental-models) Murphy's Law states, ?Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong.? This pithy statement references the annoying tendency of life to cause trouble and make things difficult. Problems seem to arise naturally on their own, while solutions always require our attention, energy, and effort. Life never seems to just work itself out for us. If anything, our lives become more complicated and gradually decline into disorder rather than remaining simple and structured. Why is that?

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways

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Psychology
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Metaphysics
Cognitive science
Concepts
California Institute of Technology faculty
Quantum computing
Richard Feynman
Mental model
Mental image
Mind
Thought
Mental Models
Psychology

9/30/2018 Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways https://jamesclear.com/feynman-mental-models 1/11 JAMES CLEAR Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways by James Clear (staging.jamesclear.com/about)????| ???? Mental Models (https://jamesclear.com/mental-models) You can train your brain to think better. One of the best ways to do this is to expand the set of mental models (https://jamesclear.com/mental-models) you use to think. Let me explain what I mean by sharing a story about a world-class thinker. I first discovered what a mental model was and how useful the right one could be while I was reading a story about Richard Feynman, the famous physicist. Feynman received his undergraduate degree from MIT and his Ph.D. from

First Principles: Elon Musk on the Power of Thinking for Yourself

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Psychology
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Elon Musk
Hyperloop
Technology
Spaceflight
SpaceX
Transport
Elon
Artificial intelligence

9/30/2018 First Principles: Elon Musk on the Power of Thinking for Yourself https://jamesclear.com/?rst-principles 1/10 JAMES CLEAR First Principles: Elon Musk on the Power of Thinking for Yourself by James Clear (staging.jamesclear.com/about)????| ???? Mental Models (https://jamesclear.com/mental-models) First principles thinking, which is sometimes called reasoning from first principles, is one of the most effective strategies you can employ for breaking down complicated problems and generating original solutions. It also might be the single best approach to learn how to think for yourself. The first principles approach has been used by many great thinkers including inventor Johannes Gutenberg, military strategist John Boyd, and the ancient

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