US History

Ch. 12 Conditions in 1800s Growing separation between church and state Desire to create respectable culture for literature and arts, modeled after Europeans Growth of nationalism gave rise to nationalistic culture: Wanted to assimilate immigrants into American culture Immigrants: Wanted to do away with cultural traits brought in by foreigners (Temperance movements) Rapid economic change also affected culture, gave rise to education reform Medical Advancement Phrenology developed ? pseudoscience, attributing physical size of brain to psychological traits Fowler Brothers discovered Sylvester Graham proposed vegan diet William Morton developed anesthetic Growing popularization of baths, cold and hot, sulfur baths as well Oliver Holmes discovered contagion of diseases

Chapter 11: Life in the South Rise of Cotton- Inconsistency/decline in tobacco production -Reduced demand at absence of Europeans/internalized trade -Malignant towards soil (bad for soil) -Insufficient land Higher demand for cotton in northern states, in Europe -Short-staple cotton for more efficient production, can grow anywhere in the south >More cost-efficient >Cotton gin invention helped expand popularity/spread of short-staple cotton Attempts to grow rice and sugarcane -Rice is too complicated -Sugarcane is too expensive South-North Economic Relations- Two-way dependency between regions in trade Southern Railroads -Local -Deemed obsolete/useless -Underdeveloped -No connections to any major railroads Slavery 1808 Abolition of Slave Trade -Boosts internal slave trade