World History

Chapter 16 Notes Transformations in Europe, 1500 ? 1750 Culture and Ideas Early Reformation Renaissance (European) ? A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a ?rebirth? of Greco-Roman culture Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance, from the mid fourteenth to mid fifteenth century, and a North (trans-Alpine) Renaissance, from roughly the early fifteenth to early seventeenth century. papacy ? the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, which is the pope indulgence ? forgiveness of a sin by the authority of the Church in exchange for a holy act Indulgences could be paid for and was looked down on. Martin Luther ? 1483-1546 started the Protestant Reformation in 1519 Protestants rejected the medieval traditions of celibate priests and nuns

Chapter 9 Notes Christian Societies Emerge in Europe, 600-1200 Chapter Outline Charlemagne was Charles the Great, the first emperor of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire = Eastern Roman Empire medieval literally means middle age The Byzantine Empire, 600-1200 An Empire Beleaguered Arab armies invaded the Byzantine Empire Religious schism between Latin and Orthodox Churches Society and Urban Life Urban decline happened as urban trade centers disintegrated. As the urban elite died off, the rural farmers survived. This led to a land based ruling system called feudalism. Cultural Achievements Cryllic writing was a Byzantine achievement used by Slavic Christians Byzantine missionaries spread it all throughout eastern Europe

Chapter 6 Notes India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E. ? 600 C.E. Foundations of Indian Civilization, 1500 B.C.E. ? 300 C.E. India is a subcontinent because of its size and isolation. It is isolated by the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean. The Indian Subcontinent Encompasses Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka Extremely cold mountains and dry Main source of moisture is monsoons. Monsoons allowed for three harvests per year in some areas. Staple crops were wheat, barley, and millet The Vedic Age, 1500 ? 500 B.C.E. Named after the Vedas, religious texts and our main source of information about the period. Warriors who spoke Indo-European languages (WHITE PEOPLE!!!) invaded the lands from the north around 1500 B.C.E. ARYAS

Chapter 4 Notes Ancient Iran, 1000-486 BCE Overview Iran is the ?Land of the Aryans? It links western Asia with southern and Central Asia. In 6th Century BCE, the Persians created the biggest empire the world had yet seen They had distinct cultural elements, along with new forms of political and economic organization. Our info on Ancient Iran is through biased Greek documents. Geography and Resources Iran has geological boundaries on all sides of it except the northeast. Nomads of Central Asia attacked from this direction. Iran has high mountains at the edges, salt deserts, and mountain streams, and marshes Ancient Iran never had a dense population Density was proportional with the water in and hydration of the environment