World History

Abbasid Caliphate overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled from 750- 1258; descendants of the prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas bubonic plague disease spread by fleas bites to rodents and humans; high mortality rate and difficult to prevent spread Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire caliphate office established in succession to the prophet Muhammad to rule the Islamic empire Champa rice quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season; brought to China from Vietnam Charlemagne King of the Franks; established the Carolingian Empire; first to hold the title of emperor in Europe in over three hundred years Crusades series of religiously inspired Christian military campaigns against Muslims in the eastern Mediterranean that

"great traditions" Heritages including a written language, common legal and belief systems, ethical codes, and other intellectual attitudes "small traditions" Local customs and beliefs Alexander Philip's son and heir; Crossed over into Asia, defeated the Persian forces of King Darius III, and reached to the Punjab region of modern Pakistan Alexandria First of the new cities laid out by Alexander himself, in Egypt aqueduct Long elevated or underground conduits Armenia In eastern Anatolia, a battleground between Iranian states to the south and east and Mediterranean states to the west Ashoka Chandragupta's son; Outstanding figure in early Indian history; Engaged military campaigns, converted to Buddhism and preached nonviolence, morality, and moderation