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Parts of A Cell

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Cell Organelle Research Websites Cells Alive http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm Tour through plant and animal cell. Click on each organelle for structure and function The Virtual Cell http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/tour/cell/cell.htm The Virtual Cell is an online Cell Biology textbook. It provides students with an interactive journey through the cell. Animal Cell Interactive http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11403 Explore parts of an animal cell Interactive quiz Cell Structure and Parts http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm Compare Prokaryotic, Animal and Plant cell parts

AP Bio Review

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AP BIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 REVIEW UNIT 7 CONTINUED: ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION Cell Communication Reception ? signal molecule binds to receptor protein in cell membranes causing it to change shape G protein coupled receptor Transduction = cascade of molecules activates relaying signal within cell Signal transduction pathway (ex. G-protein, tyrosine-kinase receptors, ion channel receptors) Phosphorylation cascades Secondary messenger system (ex. Cyclic AMP, Ca2+ ions, DAG, IP3) Response Transcription factors turn genes on or off Cellular activity activate enzymes, open cell membrane channels, apoptosis Scaffolding proteins Endocrine System (table page 961) Homeostasis Blood sugar regulation, blood calcium regulation Negative feedback, positive feedback Neurosecretory cells

Hardy Weinberg Practice Problems

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PERIOD 4 Case 1: Ideal H-W ? Surviving Genotypes ? AA Aa aa Parental ? 22 ? F1 4 14 4 F2 8 9 5 F3 8 12 2 F4 7 14 1 F5 10 7 5 Freq. of genotypes Freq. of alleles Gen. # p2 (AA) 2pq (Aa) q2 (aa) p (A) q (a) Parental (H-W hypo.) F5 (H-W hypo) F5 (actual) Case 2: Selection against Homozygous Recessive ? Surviving Genotypes ? AA Aa aa Parental ? 22 ? F1 8 14 0 F2 15 7 0 F3 15 7 0 F4 13 9 0 F5 12 10 0 Freq. of genotypes Freq. of alleles Gen. # p2 (AA) 2pq (Aa) q2 (aa) p (A) q (a) Parental (H-W hypo.) F5 (H-W hypo) F5 (actual) Case 3: Heterozygous Advantage ? Surviving Genotypes ?

Campbell AP Biology Study Guide Ch 12

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle In this chapter, 24 questions are new, and 12 have been altered to incorporate new material from the textbook. As in the other chapters, any questions that depend on figures or introductory scenarios have been placed at the end of the chapter rather than in concept sequence. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The centromere is a region in which A) chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase. B) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate. C) chromosomes are grouped during telophase. D) the nucleus is located prior to mitosis. E) new spindle microtubules form at either end. Answer: A Topic: Concept 12.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Campbell AP Biology Study Guide Ch 11

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 11 Cell Communication Students will encounter the topic of cell signaling repeatedly in this course and throughout their studies of biology. Therefore, the more confident they are regarding the basic principles, the more successful they are liable to be when encountering the topic. This chapter includes more higher-skill-level questions and makes connections to the principle of evolution as well as to other chapters of the text. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Using the yeast signal transduction pathways, both types of mating cells release the mating factors. These factors bind to specific receptors on the correct cells, A) which induce changes in the cells that lead to cell fusion.

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 7

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Membranes and membrane transport are fundamental to cellular life. The concepts in this chapter require integration of concepts from previous chapters: the nature of water and hydrophobic versus hydrophilic molecules, the properties of lipid molecules and their role in regulating membrane fluidity, and the roles of proteins and carbohydrates in membrane function. The concepts of ion transport and electrochemical gradients across membranes are important foundations for the following chapters on energy metabolism. Finally, the bulk transport phenomena have important clinical significance in the immune system, during invasion by pathogens, and in cell signaling. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 6

Tour of the cel

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Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Types of Cells Prokaryotic- a type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed organelles Bacteria and Archaea DNA in the nucleoid which is not membrane-bound Eukaryotic- a type of cell with membrane bound organelles Protists, Plants, Fungi, and Animals Contian a membrane-bound nucleus Contain organelles and cytoplasm Both: Have ribosomes Plasma membrane Jelly-like cytosol Chromosomes *As the volume of a cell grows, the surface area increases proportionally because more plasma membrane needed to transfer necessary materials for the metabolic processes *Different organelles increase complexity of the cell because each organelle has a specific function, whit allows multiple activities to be going on in the cell at once The Nucleus

Cellular signaling and the cell membrane

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Chapter 5: Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling Amphiphatic- refers to something that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions the cell membrane proteins Fluidity Low Temperatures-less fluid because the phospholipids pack together tightly Factors that Affect Fluidity: Amount of phospholipids- phospholipids have kinks in the tails due to their hydrogen bonds which make them harder to pack Cholesterol- inhibits the packing of the phospholipid tails at LOW TEMPERATURE. AT HIGH TEMPERATURE, it solidifies the membrane because it inhibits the movement of tails Proteins in the Membrane Intergal-penetrate the membrane, hydrophobic exterior, hydrophilic interior Peripheral-lie on either side of the membrane Major Protein Functions: -Transport-allows materials to diffuse

chapter 14 notes

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring? One possible explanation of heredity is a ?blending? hypothesis The idea that genetic material contributed by two parents mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green An alternative to the blending model is the ?particulate? hypothesis of inheritance: the gene idea Parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes Gregor Mendel Documented a particulate mechanism of inheritance through his experiments with garden peas Figure 14.1 Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity

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