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middle ages

The latin west AP world history notes

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CHAPTER 14 The Latin West, 1200?1500 I. Rural Growth and Crisis A. Peasants and Population 1. In 1200 C.E. most Europeans were peasants, bound to the land in serfdom and using inefficient agricultural practices. Fifteen to thirty such heavily taxed farming families supported each noble household. 2. Women labored in the fields with men but were subordinate to them. 3. Europe?s population more than doubled between 1000 and 1445. Population growth was accompanied by new agricultural technologies in northern Europe, including the vthree-field system and the cultivation of oats. 4. As population grew, people opened new land for cultivation, including land with poor soil and poor growing conditions. This caused a decline in average crop yields beginning around 1250.

Late Middle Ages Outline

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Late Middle Ages Outline Political Institutions ? Decentralized Government ---> Centralized Government As a result of the Decline of Feudalism, (because trade routes opened, people ran away from the manor, etc.) after the crusades, and decline of the Catholic Church, kings began the process of recentralizing power. They had to take away power from the church and nobles to begin the process. They did this by: Taxing the church and nobles The church and nobility never paid taxes due to their extensive amount of land they owned. The king moved to try and force them to pay taxes The king built armies He created independent armies so he wouldn?t be dependent on his vassals (reason to how the king lost his authority in the beginning) More efficient/ centralized government

Ch 12 Outline

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Chapter 12: Chapter Outline The following annotated chapter outline will help you review the major topics covered in this chapter. Instructions:?Review the outline to recall events and their relationships as presented in the chapter. Return to skim any sections that seem unfamiliar. I. Prelude to Disaster ? A. Climate Change and Famine ? ? 1. About 1300 the climate in Europe became colder and wetter, beginning a period that historical geographers refer to as a ?little ice age.? ? ? 2. An unusual number of storms ruined wheat, oat, and hay crops, resulting in poor harvests that led to scarcity and starvation. ? ? 3. Almost all of northern Europe suffered a ?Great Famine??in the years 1315 to 1322. ? ? 4.

The Western Heritage Chapter 10 Notes

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European History Renaissance and Discovery Reading Notes: Renaissance was a time of transition from medieval to modern world -Medieval Europe= fragmented feudal society w agricultural economy/ thought and culture dom by church - Renaissance Europe= growing national consciousness (nationalism- Feudalism becomes undermined b/c hundred years war?) political centralization, urban economy based on organized commerce+ capitalism/ lay and secular thought of culture, including religion (thoughts were not dom by religion anymore) Renaissance society first took shape in cities of late medieval Italy

Unit 2 600 C.E.–1450

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600 C.E.?1450 I. Questions of periodization A. Nature and causes of changes in the world history framework leading up to 600 C.E. ? 1450 as a period B. Emergence of new empires and political systems C. Continuities and breaks within the period (e.g., the impact of the Mongols on international contacts and on specific societies) The Islamic world II. The rise and role of Dar al-Islam as a unifying cultural and economic force in Eurasia and Africa A. The Rise 1. Arab Region Before a. Vast, dry area b. Nomadic Bedouin tribes c. Criss-crossed by trade routes d. Mecca 1. Trading crossroads 2. center for Arab tribal religious worship 3. Ka?aba ? fallen from heaven and has special powers

Ap WH Ch1-6

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The term prehistory refers to the period before (p. 6) writing Which of the following was not a hominid? (p. 7) A hominid is a human and humanlike species. (includes the genus Homo) The most important development of Homo erectus was (p. 10) Had effective tools, fire, intelligence, and language. Hunters worked in groups and brought their prey back to camps. Which of the following choices is in correct chronological order? (p. 29) Era of Australopithecus Era of Lucy Era of Homo Erectus Early evolution of Homo sapiens Era of Neanderthal peoples First appearance of rCo-Magnon peoples (Homo sapiens sapiens) Natufian society Early experimentation with agriculture Jomon society Appearance of agricultural villages Appearances of cities Chinook

An anatomy of a revolution

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Conditions Present Before a Revolution Takes Place People from all social classes are discontented. French society was divided into three groups: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate) and everyone else (Third Estate). The Third Estate accounted for a majority of the French population, poor harvest, in conjunction with heavy taxes, led to poverty, prostitution, unhealthy living conditions and abandonment of children. Although the clergy and nobility were exempt from taxes, war debts caused new taxation on the First and Second Estate. This created much hostility between the people and the government. People feel restless & held down by unacceptable restrictions in society, religion, & the economy or gov?t

Developments in Europe from 600 BCE to 600 CE

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Developments in Europe from 600 BCE to 600CE A. Restructuring of European economic, social, and political institutions 1. Economic a. West 1. Before fall of Roman Empire, small landowners already selling off land holdings to larger estates i. Many people left urban for rural protection ii. Trade continued to decline ? political order disintegrated 2. Early part ? towns shrink in size 3. 500-1500 Middle Ages ? Medieval 4. 500-1000 Dark Ages ? judgmental, inaccurate 5. Manorialism/Feudalism ? European social, economic, political system i. Estates ? fiefs/manors ii. Form of unfree agricultural labor iii. Method of harnessing peasant labor 1. Ensure steady food supply 2. Different than slavery a. Can not be bought or sold b. Could pass on property to heirs

Renaissance, New Monarchs, Age of Exploration

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AP 01 Notes 1 Unit 1: Renaissance, New Monarchs, Commercial Rev. & Age of Exploration Contrasting the Renaissance and Later Middle Ages Later Middle Ages Renaissance Religion dominates Medieval thought. Scholasticism: Thomas Aquinas ? reconciles Christianity with Aristotelian science. Philosophy: Humanism ? Emphasis on secular concerns due to rediscovery and study of ancient Greco-Roman culture. Ideal: ? Man is well-versed in one subject and it is how to get to heaven Ideal: ? Virt? ? Renaissance Man should be well- rounded (Castiglione) Literature: ? Based almost solely on religion. ? Written in Latin ? Church was greatest patron of arts and literature. ? Little political criticism. ? Hand-written Literature:

Renaissance, New Monarchs, Age of Exploration

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AP 01 Notes 1 Unit 1: Renaissance, New Monarchs, Commercial Rev. & Age of Exploration Contrasting the Renaissance and Later Middle Ages Later Middle Ages Renaissance Religion dominates Medieval thought. Scholasticism: Thomas Aquinas ? reconciles Christianity with Aristotelian science. Philosophy: Humanism ? Emphasis on secular concerns due to rediscovery and study of ancient Greco-Roman culture. Ideal: ? Man is well-versed in one subject and it is how to get to heaven Ideal: ? Virt? ? Renaissance Man should be well- rounded (Castiglione) Literature: ? Based almost solely on religion. ? Written in Latin ? Church was greatest patron of arts and literature. ? Little political criticism. ? Hand-written Literature:

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