Chapter 12 Notes
Pg 407 Thirty Years War (1618-1648) Thirty years war- most destructive of the wars of religion, set their religious beliefs aside for their hatred for eachother (catholics against protestants, Calvinists against Lutherans) Pg 408 Preconditions for war Fragmented Germany: germany was 360 autonomous political entities, independent secular principalities, ecclesiastical principalities, numerous free cities, and knights ruling small areas from castles Peace of Augsburg (1555) gave each of them significant sovereignty within its own borders (each levied tolls and tariffs and coined their own money). Land travel and trade between various regions diffcult to impossible