Human geography

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Ancient Greek mathematicians

Geography, the word created by Eratosthenes, generally means to write about the Earth. Geography is divided amongst human and physical aspects. Human geography studies where and why human activities occur where they are. Physical geography studies where and why natural occurrences happen where they do. The book concentrates on two main topics- culture and economy. The first key issue in the first chapter is geography?s most important tool-mapping. A map is a two dimensional model of a part of the Earth or the whole Earth. During the first chapter the basic concepts of ?why? questions were introduced. Geographers study to find why each place on earth has their own unique ways.

AP Human Geography Study Guide

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#AP Human Geography #APHG

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Refugee

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About 3,000 immigrants or refugees and 1,000 unauthorized foreigners arrive in the United States per day. During the 1990?s, 51% of immigrants were from Latin America, 30% from Asia, 13% from Europe, and 6% from Canada and other places. Spouses, children, and parents or other relatives of U.S. citizens may enter as family-sponsored immigrants. Foreigners with special positions or skill may enter as employment-based immigrants. Foreigners with a well-rounded fear of persecution in their home countries are allowed in as refugees. Most immigrants are family-sponsored, employment-based, refugees, or diversity-based. U.S. immigration policies were shifted in favor of those closely related to U.S. citizens.

Human Geo Unit 2 review

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Population

Demography

Demographic economics

Aging

Thomas Robert Malthus

Overpopulation

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review

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY UNIT 2: POPULATION & MIGRATION TEST REVIEW TOPICS Know the following topics for the test! Make sure you also study your chapter reading guide and all of the notes in class! Overpopulation Population regions in the world Physiological density Arithmetic density Timeline of Population Growth Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Doubling Time Life Expectancy Human Development Index (how to they rank countries?) Demographic Transition Model (know the stages!) Thomas Malthus? Theory Population Pyramids Ethnicity vs. Race Cultural differences in Quebec Gravity Model Net Migration Equation Types of Migration Intervening Opportunity Push vs. Pull Factors US Immigration Waves Refugees Migration Selectivity Barriers to Migration

Unit 1 Vocab Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture

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Culture

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Intro to Human Geography

Unit One Vocabulary - Nature and Perspectives 1. Human Geography - the spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities, and landscapes. The study of how humans interact with the world. 2. Sequent Occupance - The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. Each society in an area leaves a cultural imprint, adding to the cultural landscape. 3. Cultural Landscape - the fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature. How humans change and interact with nature. 4. Diffusion - The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time. The spread of something from one place to another.

Industrial Revolution

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World History

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Industrial Revolution

Factory

Steam

Cotton

Labor

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World history

Advances in Agriculture Crop Rotation ? rotate crops properly to use all fields Urbanization ? movement from rural to urban areas Enclosure movement ? landowners buy enclosed land Seed Drill ? Jethro Tull invented this to push seed to the ground Natural Resources Vs. Factors of Productions Natural Resources: river (in land transporation) , coals (for fuels), iron (to construct machinery, tools), harbors (for merchant ships) Factors of Production: political stability, resources: land labor, capital Major Inventions (Textiles) Flying Shuttle ? doubled work in a day for weaving Spinning Jenny ? spinning frame sped up spinning thread (John Kay) Cotton Gin ? multiplied the amount of gin to be cleansed (Eli Whitney) Major Inventions (Transportation)

Soil Notes (Draper)

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Environmental Science

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Soil

XTR

Soil: The Base of Life Major Layers Found in Soil a.Soil Horizons Series of zones with distinct texture and composition. Soil Profile is a cross-sectional view Most soils have at least 3 horizons b. Horizon O (Top Layer) 1. Consists of freshly fallen and partially decomposed leaves, twigs etc? 2. Appears Brown or Black, Humus ? Sticky, brown residue of partially decomposed organic material. c. Horizon A (Topsoil Layer) 1. Partially decomposed matter ?humus? and topsoil. 2. Most roots and organic matter are found in Horizon A and O 3. Horizon A and O team with bacteria, fungi, earthworms, insects ? create food web. 4. Color of soil tells a lot ? brown and black = nitrogen rich - Gray, Yellow, Red low inorganic matter. d. Horizon B (Subsoil)

Italian Demographic Transition

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Demography

Demographic economics

Population

Digital media

World Wide Web

I PAT

CNote

Internet

Demographic Transition Model

Humanities

Social Issues

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Italy is currently in Stage Four of the Demographic Transition Model. They currently have a -0.1 Rate of Natural Increase. This is caused by many contributing factors: a low CBR and a higher CDR (due to the majority of the population being older). Paired with emigration, the country is reducing its population growth. High Crude Death Rates and even higher CBR, creating gradual population growth, characterized Italy’s stage 1. The Industrial Revolution encouraged progression into the next stage. In the mid-nineteenth century, sanitation and new medicines caused Italy’s CDR to drop and NIR to rise. After the population peaked, it began to even out, and eventually decreased to create Stage Four.

Tragedy of the Commons

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Biology

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Land use

Game theory

Market failure

Environmental economics

Sociology

Economics

Tragedy of the commons

Garrett Hardin

The commons

William Forster Lloyd

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Tragedy of the Commons

Foreign Policy: What happens after Gadhafi? (CNN Opinion) After Gadhafi, the first challenge will be security. Failure to maintain public order is what got us into big trouble in Iraq, where Saddam Hussein?s ?stay behind? operation stirred civic unrest and destroyed government buildings. The murder in Libya last month of the overall rebel commander is a reminder that internecine warfare among the more than forty-five rebel militias is a real possibility. People who lost family and tribal members to the Gadhafi regime may seek to settle scores. Former regime elements may seek to defend themselves and to ?privatize? state assets. Criminals will see opportunities to traffic in arms, drugs and even people.

Demographic Transition Model

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Digital media

CNote

THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ?Keith Montgomery The "Demographic Transition" is a model that describes population change over time. It is based on an interpretation begun in 1929 by the American demographer Warren Thompson, of the observed changes, or transitions, in birth and death rates in industrialized societies over the past two hundred years or so. By "model" we mean that it is an idealized, composite picture of population change in these countries. The model is a generalization that applies to these countries as a group and may not accurately describe all individual cases. Whether or not it applies to less developed societies today remains to be seen.

Demographic Transition Model

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