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Cell cycle

AP Biology Campbell 8th edition Chapter 12 Study Guide

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Biology
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Cell biology
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The Cell Cycle

STUDY GUIDE: CH. 12 THE CELL CYCLE THE KEY ROLES OF CELL DIVISION 1. Explain how cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair. -Single-celled and other organisms reproduce asexually by cell division -Asexual spores, binary fissiion in bact., growth, breakage, and estab. Of vines -Growth may increase the sizes or numbers of cells -Wounding releases growth factors that stimulate mitosis 2. Describe the structural organization of the genome. -Organisms may have hundreds to tens of thousands of genes -Genes, controlling sequences, spacers, and junk are strung on chromosomes -Chromosome numbers -Bacteria may have one or a few circular or linear chromosomes -Eukaryotes may have one to >1000 linear chromosomes

Cell Division

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Microbiology
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Bacteria
Organelles
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Fission
Chromosome
Prokaryote
Outline of cell biology
Eukaryote
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cell division

Cell Division Cell Division in Prokaryotes DNA is a circular chromosome attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane like a rope attached to the inner wall of a tent Binary fission- Division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells DNA is copied, two identical chromosomes attach to the inside of the prokaryote?s inner cell membrane A new cell membrane begins to develop between the two DNA copies As new material is added, the growing cell membrane pushes inward and the cell is constricted in the center A new cell wall forms around the new membrane and the prokaryote is split into two Each cell contains one of the identical chromosomes that resulted from the copying of the original cell?s chromosomes Cell Division in Eukaryotes

Meiosis

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Developmental biology
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Meiosis

??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? Meiosis??I. Formation of Haploid Cells???? A. In animals, meiosis produces gametes, haploid reproductive cells???? ??? 1. In humans, sperm + egg cells???? ??? 2. Each contain 23 (1n) chromosomes???? ??? 3. Fusion results in a zygote that contains 46 (2n) chromosomes???? B. Undergo the G1, S, and G2 phases of interphase.???? C. Begin meiosis with a duplicate set of chromosomes, but undergo meiosis twice???? ??? 1. Diploid (2n) cells result in four haploid (1n) cells???? D. Meiosis I- Stages of the first cell division???? E. Meiosis II- Stages of the second cell division?II. Meiosis I???? A. Prophase I???? ??? 1. DNA coils into chromosomes, spindle fibers appear (like mitosis)???? ??? 2. Nucleolus & nuclear membrane disassemble (like mitosis)???? ??? 3.

How do cells divide?

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cell
How do cells divide? There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Most of the time when people refer to “cell division,” they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is a fundamental process for life. During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells. Because this process is so critical, the steps of mitosis are carefully controlled by a number of genes. When mitosis is not regulated correctly, health problems such as cancer can result.

Learning Express AP Biology Exam 2

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Biology
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Nutrition
Cell cycle
Organelles
Glucose
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Mitosis
Cell
Eukaryote
Phosphorylation

1. Semiconservative replication of DNA refers to the fact that A. the daughter DNA is an entirely new duplex and thus the original DNA is intact. B. pieces of the old and new DNA duplexes are jumbled together in the daughter generation. C. each strand of the parent DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of its new partner strand. Thus, one strand is conserved in each new double helix. D. DNA replication is modest in its ATP requirements. E. DNA replication occurs by base pairing between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine. 2. The following statements about the codon are true EXCEPT A. the codon is a triplet of nucleotides on messenger RNA (mRNA). B. the codon is a triplet of bases on transfer RNA (tRNA).

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