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mitosis

Ch. 12 Quick Notes

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THE CELL CYCLE-Chapter 12 ? Ability to reproduce = one characteristic of living things ? Continuity of life based on the reproduction of cells ? Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair? UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS use cell division for reproduction? MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS use cell division to:? -repair/renew cells that die from normal wear and tear? -grow and develop from a single fertilized egg (zygote)? -reproduce asexually (EX: plants grow by cuttings) ? Results in genetically identical daughter cells ? DNA molecules packaged into chromosomes ? GENOME= cell?s genetic information Prokaryotes genome - single circular loop of DNA Eukaryotes - several DNA molecules in multiple chromosome bundles

Cell Cycle

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Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division the continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell division unicellular organisms reproduce by cell division multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development (from a fertilized cell), growth and repair the cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from its formation from the division of the parent cell to its own division Concept 12.1: Cell division results in two identical daughter cells cells duplicate their genetic material before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of genetic material, DNA Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material a cell?s endowment of DNA, its genetic information, is called its genome

Campbell Biology Chapter 12 Outline

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Mica Piro Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Most Cell Division Results in Genetically Identical Daughter Cells (12.1) Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material A cell?s endowment of DNA, its genetic information, is called its genome A prokaryotic genome is often a single DNA molecule Eukaryotic genomes usually consist of a number of DNA molecules All of this DNA has to be copied, or replicated, before the cell can divide to form genetically identical daughter cells, and then the 2 copies must be separated so that each daughter cell ends up with a complete genome The replication and distribution of so much DNA is manageable because the DNA molecules are packaged into structures called chromosomes, because they take up certain dyes used in microscopy

AP Biology Chapter 12 Reading Guide

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AP Biology Name _________________________ Chapter 12 Guided Reading Compare and contrast the role of cell division in unicellular and multicellular organisms. ??? Define the following terms: Genome? Chromosomes? Somatic cells? Gametes? Chromatin? Sister chromatids? Centromere? Mitosis? Cytokinesis? Meiosis? List the activities of the cell cycle: Mitotic phase? Interphase? G1 phase? G2 phase? S phase? Define the following terms: Mitotic spindle? Centrosome? Microtubule organizing center? Aster? Kinetochore? Label below:?? Label the diagram below (phases, structures, etc):?????????????? Contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.??? Define binary fission and label the diagram below:?????? Discuss the hypothetical evolution of mitosis.?????

Ap Biology Lab #7

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AP Bio Monday Carol Sheftall Sent: Monday, September 30, 2013 12:25 PM To: The Lab Seven Statistical Analysis Section (handout from Friday) was to be completed before coming to class today. (This is from the old lab book) Friday we counted the number of cells in interphase vs. then number of cells in mitotic phase. ?Thus, you collected the control cells data. We added the data together (below) to find totals. ?

Campbell AP Biology Study Guide Ch 12

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle In this chapter, 24 questions are new, and 12 have been altered to incorporate new material from the textbook. As in the other chapters, any questions that depend on figures or introductory scenarios have been placed at the end of the chapter rather than in concept sequence. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The centromere is a region in which A) chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase. B) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate. C) chromosomes are grouped during telophase. D) the nucleus is located prior to mitosis. E) new spindle microtubules form at either end. Answer: A Topic: Concept 12.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

chapter 12 note

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Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis The Key Roles of Cell Division Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair Unicellular organisms (ex. Amoeba) will divide to reproduce entire organisms Cell division also will allows a multicellular organism to develop from a single cell The Key Roles of Cell Division DNA is passed from one generation of cells to the next without dilution. -cell duplicates it DNA - moves the 2 copies to opposite ends of the cell - and then splits into 2 daughter cells The Key Roles of Cell Division Concept 12.1 Cell Division distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells A cell?s genetic material is called its genome - prokaryote = single long DNA strand - eukaryote = number of DNA molecules Concept 12.1

Cell Cycle

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Cell Growth and Reproduction Cell Reproduction All cells come from preexisting cells. Cell division results in two cells that are identical to the parent cell. New cells are constantly being produced. Scientists noticed certain structures that appeared just before cell division and disappeared after. Chromosomes: structures which contain DNA and become darkly colored when stained For most of a cell?s life, chromosomes exist as chromatin Chromatin: long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones Histones are grouped in bunches called nucleosomes The Cell Cycle Cell cycle: the sequence of growth and division of a cell Two general periods of the cycle: growth and division The majority of a cell?s life is spent in the growth period known as interphase

Genetics

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Chapter 10: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics CHROMOSOMES AND CHROMOSOME NUMBER -Human body cells have 46 chromosomes -Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes -Homologous chromosomes- one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent -Same length -Same centromere position -Carry genes that control the same inherited traits HAPLOID AND DIPLOID CELLS -An organism produces gametes to maintain the same number of chromosomes from generation to generation -Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes -A cell with n chromosomes is a haploid cell -A cell with 2n chromosomes is a diploid cell - MEIOSIS I -The sexual life cycle in animals ivolves meiosis -Meiosis produces gametes -When gametes combine in fertilization, the number of chromosomes is restored MEIOSIS

Chapter 10: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

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Chapter 10: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics CHROMOSOMES AND CHROMOSOME NUMBER -Human body cells have 46 chromosomes -Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes -Homologous chromosomes- one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent -Same length -Same centromere position -Carry genes that control the same inherited traits HAPLOID AND DIPLOID CELLS -An organism produces gametes to maintain the same number of chromosomes from generation to generation -Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes -A cell with n chromosomes is a haploid cell -A cell with 2n chromosomes is a diploid cell - MEIOSIS I -The sexual life cycle in animals ivolves meiosis -Meiosis produces gametes -When gametes combine in fertilization, the number of chromosomes is restored MEIOSIS

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