Evolutionary biology

CJ 435- Terrorism in the 21st Century Propaganda of the Deed Terror from Above Terror from Below Single Issue/ Special Interest Terrorism National Separatists Revolutionary Right Wing Revolutionary Left Wing Religiously Motivated Terrorism Is often asymmetrical warfare Does not abide by the Geneva Convention or any other international law ?Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.? ?The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.?

The Origins of Modern Terrorism Block 2 Modern Democracies and the Birth of Terrorism in the West How Modern Terrorism Evolved EVENT French Revolution, 1789 European Street Revolutions, 1848 People?s Will, 1878 Russian Revolutions (1917) Black and Tan War, 1919-1921 EFFECT The Govt?s. Reign of Terror Conservatives call radicals, ?Terrorists? Revolutionaries use terrorist tactics Leaders endorse terrorism Irish win with Russian tactics Modern Democracies and the Birth of Terrorism in the West The French Revolution provided the first revolution in the modern sense of the word, that is, power was transferred from one class to another. The term terrorism also appeared during this period Modern Democracies and the Birth of Terrorism in the West

THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 9 THE SILICON VALLEY The Blind Sheikh His followers, living in a neighborhood known as Little Egypt in Jersey City, conspired to bring the World Trade Center towers down. He issued a fatwa in America that permitted his followers to rob banks and kill Jews. He called on Muslims to assail the West, ?cut the transportation of their countries, tear it apart, destroy their economy, burn their companies, eliminate their interests, sink their ships, shoot down their planes, kill them on the sea, air, or land.? bin Laden was financially backing his efforts. Ramzi Yousef Bombed the WTC in 1993 He was the first Islamist terrorist to attack the American homeland

THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 7 RETURN OF THE HERO The Muttawa Government subsidized religious vigilantes Their goal was to stamp out sinfulness and heresy They were officially known as ?representatives of the Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice? They became the models for the Taliban in Afghanistan The Hero bin Laden assumed the role of the hero who could voice a longing for change and provide a focus for the rage of the young people. He offered a conventional, Muslim Brothers critique of the plight of the Arab World: The West, particularly the U.S. was responsible for the humiliating failure of the Arabs to succeed. After describing the American/Vietnam conflict he stated: ?They won?t stop until we do jihad against them.?

THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 PROLOGUE - CHAPTER 1 1990?s Dan Coleman- FBI Middle Eastern Terrorism Squad FBI- regarded terrorism as a nuisance, not a real threat 1993- FBI first heard of a ?Saudi Prince? who was supporting a cell of radical Islamists who were planning to blow up NY landmarks 1990?s 1996- Dan Coleman uses CIA?s 35 volumes of information to open an intelligence case on the ?Islamist Financier,? bin Laden, ?in case he turned out to be something more than that? bin Laden August 1996- declares war on America (from a cave in Afghanistan) Reason: the continued presence of U.S. forces in Saudi Arabia five years after the first Gulf War bin Laden