Politics of the United States

Jefferson?s Administration and Growth of Nationalism (1800-1820) 91. Election of 1800: Adams, Jefferson, and Burr: Adams lost, Jefferson and Burr tied, Hamilton convinced other Federalists to vote for Jefferson to break the tie 92. Barbary Pirates: North African Muslim rulers solved budget?problems through piracy and tributes in Mediterranean, obtained fees from most European powers 93. Midnight judges: judges appointed to Supreme Court by Adams in the last days of his presidency to force them upon Jefferson, Marshall among those appointed 94. ?Marbury v. Madison: John Marshall declared that the Supreme Court could declare federal laws unconstitutional

Slavery and Sectionalism (1845-1860) 136. Nat Turner?s Rebellion: Nat Turner led a slave rebellion in Virginia, attacked many whites, prompted non-slaveholding Virginians to consider emancipation 137. Yeoman Farmers: family farmers who hired out slaves for the harvest season, self-sufficient, participated in local markets alongside slave owners 138. Underground Railroad: network of safe houses of white abolitionists used to bring slaves to freedom Harriet Tubman ? worked alongside Josiah Henson to make repeated trips to get slaves out of the South into freedom 139. ?Wage slaves?: northern factory workers who were discarded when too old to work (unlike the slaves who were still kept fed and clothed in their old age) 140. Nativism: anti-immigrant, especially against Irish Catholics

Imperialism (1885-1920) 240. Pan-Americanism: James G. Blaine sought to open up Latin American markets to the U.S.; rejected by Latin America due to fear of U.S. dominance and satisfaction with European market 241. Yellow journalism (Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst)?? aimed to excite American imperialist interests; media bias, subjective representation of events 242. Jingoism: belligerent nationalism against other threatening nations 243. Secretary of State John Hay: ex-Lincoln secretary; worked to gain Open Door Notes? acceptance from the major powers 244. Open Door Policy: sought to eliminate spheres of influence and avoid European monopolies in China; unaccepted by the powers in mind

The 1920s and 1930s 272. Nativism: severe immigration laws to discourage and discriminate against foreigners, believed to erode old-fashioned American values ? Birth of a Nation? spawned resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan?based on The Clansman Ku Klux Klan ? spread quickly; opposed everything that was not White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) (and conservative),Stephenson?s faults and jail sentence led to demise ?National Origins Act (1924) ? reduced quota, reduced numbers from eastern and southern Europe, Asians banned, Canadians and Latin Americans exempt ? Sacco & Vanzetti Trial ? prejudiced jury sentenced them to death, caused riots around the world, new trial denied