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Dominance

Ch03_Bio PPT

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Inheritance and DNA Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance Chapter 8 The cell cycle multiplies cells and consists of two major phases Figure 8.5 The stages of cell division Figure 8.6 (Part 1) Figure 8.6 (Part 2) Cytokinesis differs for plant and animal cells Figure 8.7A The binding of growth factors to specific receptors on the plasma membrane is usually necessary for cell division. Control system G1 S G2 M G1 checkpoint Plasma membrane Growth factor Receptor protein Relay proteins Signal transduction pathway Figure 8.9B Cancer cells divide excessively to form masses of cells called tumors Malignant tumors can invade other tissues Tumor Glandular tissue A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Cancer cells invade neighboring tissue.

Campbell Biology Chapter 15 Summary

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Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Lecture Outline Overview: Locating Genes on Chromosomes Genes are located on chromosomes. Concept 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes Around 1900, cytologists and geneticists began to see parallels between the behavior of chromosomes and the behavior of Mendel?s factors. Using improved microscopy techniques, cytologists worked out the process of mitosis in 1875 and meiosis in the 1890s. Chromosomes and genes are both present in pairs in diploid cells. Homologous chromosomes separate and alleles segregate during meiosis. Fertilization restores the paired condition for both chromosomes and genes.

Campbell Biology Chapter 14 Summary

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Dominance
Recessive
Monohybrid cross
Zygosity
Punnett square
genotype
Phenotypic trait
Introduction to genetics
health

Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Lecture Outline Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes The ?blending? hypothesis popular 1800s This hypothesis proposes that genetic material contributed by each parent mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green. With blending inheritance, a freely mating population will eventually give rise to a uniform population of individuals. Everyday observations and the results of breeding experiments tell us that heritable traits do not blend to become uniform. An alternative model: the ?particulate? inheritance proposes that parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes, that retain their separate identities in offspring. Genes can be sorted and passed on, generation after generation, in undiluted form.

Genetic Testing PP

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Dominance
BRCA1
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Cancer
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Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Embryo hundreds of cell types, same DNA code Each cell type is defined by the genes that are expressed in that cell ?Gene expression? Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Neuron Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Muscle cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Red blood cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Each cell type only expressed a restricted subset of genes Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Neuron Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Muscle cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Red blood cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Each cell type only expressed a restricted subset of genes How??? Epigenetic marks applied to DNA

Pedigree Lab

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Recessive
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Dominance
X-linked recessive inheritance
genotype
health

Zoe Collins Mrs. G AP Biology 20 March 2014 Pedigree Lab Introduction: Gregor Mendel laid the foundation for our knowledge on genetics, and as time went one scientists continued to confirm and extend Mendel?s ideas. Discoveries on subjects such as DNA structure, mitosis and meioses all explain Mendel?s hypotheses. Mendel demonstrated that genes on different chromosomes, or unlinked genes, are inherited separately under the idea of independent assortment. But due to linked genes gametes are often produced with different combinations of alleles that are different then those of the parents.

Pedigree Lab

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Dominance
X-linked recessive inheritance
genotype
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Zoe Collins Mrs. G AP Biology 30 March 2014 Pedigree Lab Introduction: Gregor Mendel laid the foundation for our knowledge on genetics, and as time went one scientists continued to confirm and extend Mendel?s ideas. Discoveries on subjects such as DNA structure, mitosis and meioses all explain Mendel?s hypotheses. Mendel demonstrated that genes on different chromosomes, or unlinked genes, are inherited separately under the idea of independent assortment. But due to linked genes gametes are often produced with different combinations of alleles that are different then those of the parents.

Biology 2

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Earlobe
Cleft chin
anatomy
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Cleft
Recessive
Dominance
Human genetics

Feature Trait Total Trait Total Earlobes Free Earlobes 17 Attached Earlobes 3 Hair on Knuckles Hair present between second and third knuckle of fingers 17 No hair present between second and third knuckle of fingers 3 Hair Line Widow's Peak 6 Straight Hair Line 14 Hair Texture Curly Hair 11 Straight Hair 9 Chin Shape Cleft Chin 6 No cleft Chin 14 Family Member Earlobes Hair on knuckles Hair Line Hair Texture Chin Shape Father Free Yes Widow's Peak Straight No Cleft Mother Free Yes Straight Curly No Cleft Son Attached Yes Straight Straight No Cleft Daughter Free Yes Straight Curly No Cleft Feature Trait % Trait % Earlobes Free Earlobes 85% Attached Earlobes 15% Hair on Knuckles

biology 1

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biology pdf

Key Concepts ? Inherited traits are affected by genes. ? Genes are composed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). ? DNA replicates to form (usually identical) copies of itself. ? DNA contains a code specifying what types of enzymes and other proteins are made in cells. ? DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specify altered proteins. ? A mutant enzyme is an ?inborn error of metabolism? that blocks one step in a bio- chemical pathway for the metabolism of small molecules. ? Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes. ? Organisms change genetically through generations in the process of biological evolution. ? Because of their common descent, organisms share many features of their genetics and biochemistry. Key Terms

Ap-Ap Biology Semester 2 Vocabulary

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Semester 2: Biology Vocabulary Dominant - A comparative term, where one allele is expressed over the other True Breeding- The process of breeding of two organisms with an identical phenotype to procreate an organism with the same phenotype Recessive ? A comparative term, where one allele is not expressed over the other Sexual selection ? A process where mate is chosen based on certain characteristics or traits Homologous structures ? Structures that appear to be similar in different organisms, suggesting a common ancestry or an evolutionary origin. Selective breeding ? A process of breeding for a particular genetic trait Derived structures ? Structures that appear in the ancestor of a group or species, but do not appear in the other species.

Genetics Pierce 1E Test Bank Ch 1

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Introduction to Genetics Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Genetics Matching Key advances and evolution of the science of genetics: for questions 1-8, match the scientist?s name to the proposed theory and experimental findings. 1. Matthias Jacob Schleiden (b) a. Theory of evolution through selection 2. Theodor Schwann (b) b. Cell theory 3. Charles Darwin (a) c. Observation of chromosome division and mitosis 4. Walther Flemming (c) d. Germ-plasm theory 5. August Weismann (d) e. Experiments with plants on the principles of heredity 6. Gregor Mendel (e) f. Experiments with fruit flies on transmission genetics 7. Walter Sutton (f) g. Discovery of DNA structure 8. James Watson and Francis Crick (g)

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