Flashcards
Flashcards
AP Psychology Treatment & Therapy Flashcards
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| 7094025182 | Insight Therapies | a type of psychotherapy in which the therapist helps their patient understand how their feelings, beliefs, actions, and events from the past are influencing their current mindset. | 0 | |
| 7094025183 | Behavioral Therapies | A type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing or reducing the occurrence of some maladaptive behavior | 1 | |
| 7094025184 | Bio-medical Therapies | Use a prescribed medication or medical procedure that acts directly on the patient's nervous system | 2 | |
| 7094025185 | Eclectic Approach | The type treatment used will depend on the client's problems | 3 | |
| 7094025186 | Psychoanalytic Therapy | Assumption: Problems stem from unconscious conflicts that usually date back to childhood experiences Aim: help patients gain insight into unconscious conflicts Evaluation: old, outdated, and lacks empirical evidence People: Freud | 4 | |
| 7094025187 | Free Association | Patient lays on couch freely exposes thoughts, feelings, and mental images going on in their mind Therapist must encourage the flow of associations to provide clues to what the unconscious is hiding | 5 | |
| 7094025188 | Dream Analysis | Patient describes the "manifest content" of the dream Therapist uncovers the "latent content" of the dream | 6 | |
| 7094025189 | Transference | The patient projects or transfers unresolved conflicts and feelings onto the therapist (Could be love or hatred of a parent) Therapist helps patients gain insight by reliving painful past relationships | 7 | |
| 7094025190 | Psychodynamic Therapy | Similarity to Psychoanalysis because they try to enhance self-insight by focusing on "unconscious forces" that and childhood experiences Differs from Psychoanalysis because they talk face to face and don't meet as much | 8 | |
| 7094025191 | Humanistic Therapies | Assumption: Problems stem from obstacles that block personal growth and potential Aim: Focus on the present time (here and now) Evaluation: Unstructured, vague and subjective leaving it with little empirical proof People: Rogers | 9 | |
| 7094025192 | Client Centered Therapy | Refer to people as "clients" and not patients Non-directive Approach where therapist listens without judgment and refrains from directing the client | 10 | |
| 7094025193 | Unconditional Positive Regard | Important element of client centered therapy developed by Carl Rogers Blanket acceptance and support of a person regardless of what ether person says or does. | 11 | |
| 7094025194 | Active Listening | involves echoing, restating and seeking clarification of what the client says and does, and acknowledging feelings | 12 | |
| 7094025195 | Empathy | recognizing the clients feelings and reflecting it back to the client | 13 | |
| 7094025196 | Behavioral Therapies (aka Behavior Modification) | Assumption: Problems stem from destructive behaviors Aim: Use learning principles to replace problem behaviors with constructive behaviors Evaluation: Effective but minimizes emotions People: Wolpe, Cover-Jones | 14 | |
| 7094025197 | Counterconditioning | Using classical conditioning principles to create a new conditioned stimulus Includes exposure and aversive therapies | 15 | |
| 7094025198 | Systematic Desensitization | Three Step Process: (1) learn progressive relaxation, (2) build an "anxiety hierarchy", (3) combine steps 1 and 2 | 16 | |
| 7094025199 | Flooding | A behavioral technique used to treat phobias in which the client is presented with the feared stimulus until the associated anxiety disappears. | 17 | |
| 7094025200 | Bell and Pad Treatment | A behavior therapy technique used to treat nighttime bedwetting by conditioning arousal from sleep in response to bodily signals of a full bladder | 18 | |
| 7094025201 | Aversive Conditioning | use of something unpleasant, or a punishment, to stop an unwanted behavior |  | 19 |
| 7094025202 | Token Economy | A system whereby participants earn generalized conditioned reinforcers (e.g., tokens, chips, points) as an immediate consequence for specific behaviors; participants accumulate tokens and exchange them for items and activities from a menu of backup reinforcers. |  | 20 |
| 7094025203 | Cognitive Therapies | Assumption:Faulty thoughts, such as negative self-talk and irrational beliefs, cause psychological problems Aims: change the faulty thoughts and replace with better ones Evaluation: Effective but minimizes emotions People: Ellis & Beck | 21 | |
| 7094025204 | Rational Emotive therapy (RET) or Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) | Albert Ellis's cognitive therapy to eliminate emotional problems through the rational examination of irrational beliefs. |  | 22 |
| 7094025205 | Negative Cognitive Bias | Aaron Beck found depressed people consistently distort their experiences in a negative cognitive way | 23 | |
| 7094025206 | Cognitive Behavioral Therpay | a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy | 24 | |
| 7094025207 | Group Therapy | A group of 3-10 people meet to discuss similar problems, role play new behaviors, and receive instant feedback Evaluation: Effective (financially & psychologically) and people realize they are not alone in their problems | 25 | |
| 7094025208 | Family Therapy | Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members hopes to identify unhealthy patterns and create new healthy rules & interactions Couples counseling is very similar | 26 | |
| 7094025209 | Placebo Effect | Defined: you believe it works due to the power of the mind Clients' and therapists' believe the treatment will work and therefore it does | 27 | |
| 7094025210 | Regression towards the mean | Defined: the tendency for unusual events (including emotions) to return to their average state Example: When things hit bottom, going to a therapist is more likely to be followed by improvement than by further descent. | 28 | |
| 7094025211 | Meta Analysis | a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies | 29 | |
| 7094025212 | Effective Therapies | No one therapy has been shown to be best in all cases but some therapies are better suited for particular disorders Most _________ __________ are when the problem is clear cut | 30 | |
| 7094025213 | Evidence Based Practice | involves clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. In short, available therapies are rigorously evaluated and then applied by clinicians who are mindful of their skills and of each patient's unique situation. | 31 | |
| 7094025214 | Shared Elements of Therapy | Hope, New perspective, and an empathetic, caring relationship | 32 | |
| 7094025215 | EMDR | therapist waves a finger inferno of the eyes of the client to unlock and reprocess previously frozen traumatic memories | 33 | |
| 7094025216 | Light Exposure Therapy | a client is exposed to daily doses of light that mimics outdoor light used to fight against seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | 34 | |
| 7094025217 | Psychopharmacology | Assumption: biological causes exists for the disorders or behaviors Aims: provide the right medication Evaluation: helpful but medicine cannot solve all problems | 35 | |
| 7094025218 | Neuroleptics | prescription drugs used to reduce symptoms | 36 | |
| 7094025219 | Tardive Dyskinesia | involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors | 37 | |
| 7094025220 | Anti-Anxiety Drugs | How it works: treats anxiety by increasing the level of GABA and therefore depress the activity in the central nervous system Popular Drugs: Xanax, and Valium Negative Side Effects: addictive and only reduces symptoms in the short term | 38 | |
| 7094025221 | Typical Anti-Psychotic Drugs | How it works: treat schizophrenic hallucinations and paranoia by reducing dopamine activity Popular Drugs: Thorazine Negative Side Effects: tardive dyskinesia | 39 | |
| 7094025222 | Atypical Anti-Psychotic Drugs | How it works: treat all schizophrenic symptoms by blocking dopamine & serotonin Popular Drugs: Abilify Negative Side Effects: less harmful than typical ones | 40 | |
| 7094025223 | Mood Stabilizing Drugs | How it works: used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing Glutamate levels in order to stabilize current and future moods Popular Drugs: Lithium & Depakote Negative Side Effects: small difference between appropriate and toxic dosage level | 41 | |
| 7094025224 | SSRI | How it works: Treats depression by preventing the reuptake of serotonin Popular Drugs: Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil Advantages: milder side effects making it the most popular anti-depressant | 42 | |
| 7094025225 | Lobotomy | A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. |  | 43 |
| 7094025226 | Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient |  | 44 |
| 7094025227 | repetitive Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) | performed on wide-awake patients where magnetic energy penetrates only to the brain's surface does not have the side effects of ECT | 45 | |
| 7094025228 | BioPsychoSocial Approach to Treating Disorders | Using aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, social connection, anti-rumination, and nutritional supplements to fight and prevent psychological problems | 46 | |
| 7094025229 | Preventing Mental Health Issues | 1. Build Resilience: an ability to cope with stress and recover from adversity. 2. Build a loving, nuturing environment | 47 |
World Geography for AP World Flashcards
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| 6983142989 | North America |  | 0 | |
| 6983142990 | Central America |  | 1 | |
| 6983142991 | Caribbean |  | 2 | |
| 6983142992 | South America |  | 3 | |
| 6983142993 | Latin America |  | 4 | |
| 6983142994 | Europe |  | 5 | |
| 6983142995 | Northern Asia |  | 6 | |
| 6983142996 | Central Asia |  | 7 | |
| 6983142997 | East Asia |  | 8 | |
| 6983142998 | Southeast Asia |  | 9 | |
| 6983142999 | Oceania |  | 10 | |
| 6983143000 | South Asia |  | 11 | |
| 6983143001 | Middle East/Southwest Asia |  | 12 | |
| 6983143002 | North Africa |  | 13 | |
| 6983143003 | West Africa |  | 14 | |
| 6983143004 | Central Africa |  | 15 | |
| 6983143005 | East Africa |  | 16 | |
| 6983143006 | SouthERN Africa |  | 17 | |
| 6983143007 | Sub-Saharan Africa |  | 18 | |
| 6983143008 | Indian Ocean |  | 19 | |
| 6983143009 | Pacific Ocean |  | 20 | |
| 6983143010 | Atlantic Ocean |  | 21 | |
| 6983143011 | Mediterranean Sea |  | 22 | |
| 6983143012 | Egypt | Middle East/Southwest Asia; North Africa |  | 23 |
| 6983143013 | Turkey | Middle East/Southwest Asia |  | 24 |
| 6983143014 | India | South Asia |  | 25 |
| 6983143015 | Vietnam | Southeast Asia |  | 26 |
| 6983143016 | China | East Asia |  | 27 |
| 6983143017 | Australia | Oceania |  | 28 |
| 6983143018 | Russia | Europe; Asia |  | 29 |
| 6983143019 | Portugal | Europe |  | 30 |
| 6983143020 | Cuba | Caribbean; Latin America |  | 31 |
| 6983143021 | Guatemala | Central America; Latin America |  | 32 |
| 6983143022 | Brazil | South America; Latin America |  | 33 |
| 6983143023 | Ethiopia | East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |  | 34 |
| 6983143024 | Isreal | Middle East/Southwest Asia |  | 35 |
| 6983143025 | Pakistan | South Asia |  | 36 |
| 6983143026 | Panama | Central America; Latin America |  | 37 |
| 6983143027 | Haiti | Caribbean; Latin America |  | 38 |
| 6983143028 | Netherlands/Holland | Europe |  | 39 |
| 6983143029 | Mongolia | East Asia |  | 40 |
| 6983143030 | New Zealand | Oceania |  | 41 |
| 6983143031 | Taiwan | East Asia |  | 42 |
| 6983143032 | Spain | Europe |  | 43 |
| 6983143033 | North Korea | East Asia |  | 44 |
| 6983143034 | South Korea |  | 45 | |
| 6983143035 | Indonesia | Southeast Asia |  | 46 |
| 6983143036 | Iraq | Middle East/Southwest Asia |  | 47 |
| 6983143037 | Sudan | Central Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |  | 48 |
| 6983143038 | Iran | Middle East/ Southwest Asia |  | 49 |
| 6983143039 | Bolivia | South America; Latin America |  | 50 |
| 6983143040 | Austria | Europe |  | 51 |
| 6983143041 | Dominican Republic | Caribbean; Latin America |  | 52 |
| 6983143042 | France | Europe |  | 53 |
| 6983143043 | Mexico | North America; Central America; Latin America | 54 | |
| 6983143044 | Afghanistan | Middle East/ Southwest Asia |  | 55 |
| 6983143045 | Greece | Europe |  | 56 |
| 6983143046 | Algeria | North Africa |  | 57 |
| 6983143047 | Peru | South America; Latin America |  | 58 |
| 6983143048 | Singapore |  | 59 | |
| 6983143049 | Japan | East Asia |  | 60 |
| 6983143050 | United Kingdom | Europe |  | 61 |
| 6983143051 | Philippines | Southeast Asia |  | 62 |
| 6983143052 | South Africa | SouthERN Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |  | 63 |
| 6983143053 | Colombia | South America; Latin America |  | 64 |
| 6983143054 | Angolia | Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |  | 65 |
| 6983143055 | Venezuela | South America; Latin America |  | 66 |
| 6983143056 | Germany | Europe |  | 67 |
| 6983143057 | Ghana | West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |  | 68 |
| 6983143058 | Serbia | Europe |  | 69 |
| 6983143059 | Congo | Central Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |  | 70 |
| 6983143060 | Bangladesh | South Asia |  | 71 |
AP World History - Period 3 Flashcards
The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
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| 11881983367 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants | 0 | |
| 11881983368 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 1 | |
| 11881983369 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 2 | |
| 11881983370 | Genghis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 3 | |
| 11881983371 | Kublai Khan | Ruler of the Yuan Dynasty who unsuccessfully attempted to invade Japan twice | 4 | |
| 11881983372 | Shrivijaya | trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam | 5 | |
| 11881983373 | Malacca | flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya | 6 | |
| 11881983374 | Mali | A kingdom founded along the Niger River. It grew wealthy from its deposits of gold along with its taxation of trade through the region. Its most important city was Timbuktu | 7 | |
| 11881983375 | Ibn Battuta | Muslim scholar from Morocco who traveled to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Middle East, India, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China. | 8 | |
| 11881983381 | Mansa Musa | African King who made a pilgrimage to Mecca and caused inflation by passing out gold along his route. He built mosques and spread Islam from his kingcom | 9 | |
| 11881983376 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 10 | |
| 11881983377 | Zimbawe | powerful East AFrican kingdom that grew wealthy from trade with Swahili city-states and Indian Ocean traders. It was known for its large stone wall used for defensive purposes. | 11 | |
| 11881983382 | Swahili | A synchretic language that developed along Africa's East coast from a combination of Arabic and Bantu. | 12 | |
| 11881983383 | Griot | African religious leaders that passed histories down through generations through oral story-telling and songs. | 13 | |
| 11881983378 | Tatars | Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact | 14 | |
| 11881983379 | Trung Sisters | leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society | 15 | |
| 11881983380 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Genghis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th c | 16 | |
| 11881983391 | Silk Road Trade system |  | 17 | |
| 11881983392 | Sand roads |  | 18 | |
| 11881983393 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade |  | 19 | |
| 11881983384 | Inca and Rome both had | extensive road systems | 20 | |
| 11881983394 | Bantu Migrations |  | 21 | |
| 11881983385 | terraced farming | A similarity in the Tong and Inca empires. Designed to solve the problem of growing food in mountainous regions. | 22 | |
| 11881983386 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Italy who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan and wrote an exaggerated account of his journey in his book "Travels." | 23 | |
| 11881983387 | Chinampas | Raised fields constructed in lakes by Aztecs to increase agricultural yields. | 24 | |
| 11881983388 | Quipus | Inca system of record keeping using knots in several strands of strings worn around the waist | 25 | |
| 11881983389 | Chichen Itza | Large Mayan temple complex which included a ceremonial ball court. | 26 | |
| 11881983390 | Pax Mongolica | Allowed for renewed opening of trade routes in Central Asia | 27 | |
| 11881983395 | Dhow |  | 28 | |
| 11881983396 | longship |  | 29 |
Miller and Levine Biology Chap 7 Flashcards
Miller and & Levine Biology Chapter 7
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| 11059807579 | cell | basic unit of all forms of life |  | 0 |
| 11059807580 | cell theory | fundamental concept of biology that states: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells | 1 | |
| 11059807581 | cell membrane | thin, flexible double barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Made out of phospholipids and embedded proteins. |  | 2 |
| 11059807582 | nucleus | Serves as the control center for metabolism and reproduction in Eukaryotes, contains the cell's DNA |  | 3 |
| 11059807583 | eukaryote | organism whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus | 4 | |
| 11059807584 | prokaryote | unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus | 5 | |
| 11059807585 | cytoplasm | gel-like fluid that suspends and protects organelles and contains the materials involved in cell metabolism. |  | 6 |
| 11059807586 | organelle | specialized structure in eukaryotes that performs important cellular functions within a cell | 7 | |
| 11059807587 | vacuole | Large fluid-filled organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates (food and wastes) |  | 8 |
| 11059807588 | lysosome | cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; involved with digestion of food within the cell |  | 9 |
| 11059807589 | cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement; contains microfilaments and microtubles |  | 10 |
| 11059807590 | ribosome | cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis (makes proteins) |  | 11 |
| 11059807591 | Golgi apparatus | organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |  | 12 |
| 11059807592 | chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; site of photosynthesis |  | 13 |
| 11059807593 | mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into ATP (the energy currency of the cell); the "powerhouse of the cell" |  | 14 |
| 11059807594 | cell wall | strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane, gives cell it's shape and provides protection; not found in animal cells |  | 15 |
| 11059807595 | lipid bilayer | flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings | 16 | |
| 11059807596 | microscope | device that produces an enlarged image of something very small |  | 17 |
| 11059807597 | Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) | electron microscope that is used to study the internal structure of cells |  | 18 |
| 11059807598 | Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) | electron microscope that scans the surface of the cell with a beam of electrons, and shows the specimen's 3-D image |  | 19 |
| 11059807599 | chromosome | Rod-shaped body of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes they are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm |  | 20 |
| 11059807600 | nucleolus | small dense region where the production of ribosomes begins and RNA is synthesized |  | 21 |
| 11059807601 | protein | a catalyzer of chemical reactions that carry out many essential functions in living things | 22 | |
| 11059807602 | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) | portion of ER studded with ribosomes; associated with synthesis and storage and transport of materials |  | 23 |
| 11059807603 | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) | portion of ER where ribosomes are not found on surface, serves as a pathway for transport of materials throughout the cell, also associated with storage |  | 24 |
| 11059807604 | contractile vacuole | specialized vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell in paramecium | 25 | |
| 11059807605 | microfilament | threadlike structure made up of a protein called actin that supports the cell | 26 | |
| 11059807606 | microtubule | hollow structure made up of proteins known as tubulins | 27 | |
| 11059807607 | hydrophobic | water-hating | 28 | |
| 11059807608 | hydrophilic | water-loving | 29 | |
| 11059807609 | diffusion | process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated | 30 | |
| 11059807610 | osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | 31 | |
| 11059807611 | homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain | 32 | |
| 11059807612 | tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function | 33 | |
| 11059807613 | organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |  | 34 |
| 11059807614 | organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function | 35 | |
| 11059807615 | passive transport | movement of particles without the use of energy from the cell; from higher to lower concentration | 36 | |
| 11059807617 | Protein production sequence | DNA - RNA - Ribosome - Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi Apparatus - Vesicle - Cell membrane - Outside the cell | 37 | |
| 11059807618 | Cellular level of Organization | Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ system - Organism | 38 | |
| 11059807619 | hypotonic solution | "below strength"; will result in water moving into the cell |  | 39 |
| 11059807620 | hypertonic solution | "above strength"; will result in water moving out of the cell |  | 40 |
| 11080538510 | cilia and flagella | hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement. Made of microtubules arranged in a "9+2" pattern | 41 | |
| 11081169729 | selectively permeable membrane | a membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through it | 42 | |
| 11081500301 | facilitated diffusion | Diffusion of specific molecules across cell membranes through specialized protein channels | 43 | |
| 11081526600 | Aquaporins | channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water across the cell membrane | 44 | |
| 11081582818 | isotonic solution | a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell | 45 | |
| 11081629757 | active transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | 46 | |
| 11081662597 | endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infoldings or pockets of the cell membrane that engulf the material and move it into the cell | 47 | |
| 11081689559 | Exocytosis | a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released out of the cell through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. | 48 | |
| 11328170393 | nuclear membrane | controls movement of materials in and out of the nucleus | 49 | |
| 11328188406 | centrioles | Located near the nucleus in animal cells; involved in cell division | 50 | |
| 11328207297 | cell plate | A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis (cell division) | 51 |
Miller and Levine Biology Ch 7 Flashcards
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| 5799378160 | The Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3.New cells are produced from existing cells. | 0 | |
| 5799378161 | How do microscopes work | Use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons | 1 | |
| 5799378162 | Prokaryotic Cells | Do not separate genetic material in a nucleus | 2 | |
| 5799378163 | Eukaryotic Cells | Nucleus separates genetic material from the rest of the cell | 3 | |
| 5799378164 | Cell | Basic unit of life | 4 | |
| 5799378165 | Cell membrane | A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell | 5 | |
| 5799378166 | Nucleus | A large membrane enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities | 6 | |
| 5799378167 | Cytoplasm | The portion of the cell outside the nucleus. |  | 7 |
| 5799378168 | Organelles | "little organs" | 8 | |
| 5799378169 | Vacuole | Large saclike, membrane-enclosed structures that store materials like salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. |  | 9 |
| 5799378170 | Lysosome | S: Small organelles filled with enzymes. F: Break down lipids, carbs, and proteins to be used by rest of cell. Break down organelles which aren't useful anymore. | 10 | |
| 5799378171 | Cytoskeleton | S: Network of protein filaments F: Helps cell maintain shape and is involved in movement |  | 11 |
| 5799378172 | Microfilaments | S: Threadlike structures made up of actin protein. Extensive network. F: Help cells move, support cell. Responsible for cytoplasmic movements. | 12 | |
| 5799378173 | Microtubules | S:Hollow structures made up of proteins called tubulins. F: Maintain cell shape, help separate chromosomes in cell division | 13 | |
| 5799378174 | Centrioles | S: Organelles in animal cells formed from tubulins. F: Help organize cell division | 14 | |
| 5799378175 | Ribosome | S: Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. F: Produce protein by following instructions from DNA | 15 | |
| 5799378176 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | S: Internal membrane system F: Assembles lipids and proteins | 16 | |
| 5799378177 | Rough ER | S: Ribosomes found on surface F: involved in synthesis of Proteins, chemically modify newly made proteins | 17 | |
| 5799378178 | Smooth ER | S: No ribosomes found on surface F: Contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks | 18 | |
| 5799378179 | Golgi Apparatus | S: Flattened membranes F: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and materials for storage in cell or release from outside of the cell. | 19 | |
| 5799378180 | Chloroplast | S: Membrane coated, large stacks of other membranes including chlorophyll F: Convert solar energy to chemical energy stored in food | 20 | |
| 5799378181 | Mitochondrion | S: Two membranes F: convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use | 21 | |
| 5799378182 | Cell Wall | S: Porous barriers that surround the cell membrane F: Shapes, supports, and protects the cell | 22 | |
| 5799378183 | Phospholipid Bilayer | Flexible, double layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings | 23 | |
| 5799378184 | Selectively Permeable | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot | 24 | |
| 5799378185 | Active transport | Requires cell energy | 25 | |
| 5799378186 | Passive transport | Movement of materials across the membrane without cellular energy | 26 | |
| 5799378187 | Diffusion | Random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to their kinetic energy | 27 | |
| 5799378188 | Facilitated Diffusion | Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels | 28 | |
| 5799378189 | Aquaporin | A transport protein that facilitates the diffusion of water | 29 | |
| 5799378190 | Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | 30 | |
| 5799378191 | Isotonic | (used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure | 31 | |
| 5799378192 | Hypertonic | A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another. | 32 | |
| 5799378193 | Hypotonic | Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution | 33 | |
| 5799378194 | Osmotic Pressure | Pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane | 34 | |
| 5799378195 | How to maintain homeostasis | 1. Grow 2. Respond to the environment 3.Transform energy 4. Reproduce | 35 | |
| 5799378196 | Homeostasis | Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain | 36 | |
| 5799378197 | Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform the same function. | 37 | |
| 5799378198 | Organ | A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body. | 38 | |
| 5799378199 | Organ System | Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function | 39 | |
| 5799378200 | Receptor | a specific protein whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger | 40 | |
| 5799378201 | Levels of Organization (Living Things) | 1. cells (Smallest) 2. tissue 3. organs 4. organ systems 5. organisms (Largest) | 41 |
Miller and Levine Biology - Chapter 3 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10748788014 | biosphere | part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere |  | 0 |
| 10748788015 | species | group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |  | 1 |
| 10748788016 | population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area |  | 2 |
| 10748788017 | community | assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area |  | 3 |
| 10748788018 | ecology | scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |  | 4 |
| 10748788019 | ecosystem | all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment |  | 5 |
| 10748788020 | biome | group of ecosystems with similar climates and typical organisms |  | 6 |
| 10748788021 | biotic factor | any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact | 7 | |
| 10748788022 | abiotic factor | physical, or nonliving component of the environment |  | 8 |
| 10748788023 | autotroph | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds |  | 9 |
| 10748788024 | primary producer | first producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms |  | 10 |
| 10748788025 | photosynthesis | process to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches | 11 | |
| 10748788026 | chemosynthesis | process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates for energy | 12 | |
| 10748788027 | heterotroph | organism that must obtain energy by consuming other organisms; cannot directly acquire energy from the environment | 13 | |
| 10748788028 | consumer | organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and nutrient supply | 14 | |
| 10748788029 | carnivore | organism that obtains energy by killing and eating animals | 15 | |
| 10748788030 | herbivore | organism that obtains energy by eating only plants | 16 | |
| 10748788031 | scavenger | animal that consumes the carcasses of other animals | 17 | |
| 10748788032 | omnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals | 18 | |
| 10748788033 | decomposer | organism that chemically breaks down organic matter to obtain energy and nutrients | 19 | |
| 10748788034 | detritivore | organism that feeds on bits of plant and animal remains and other particles | 20 | |
| 10748788035 | food chain | series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten | 21 | |
| 10748788036 | food web | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem | 22 | |
| 10748788037 | trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web | 23 | |
| 10748788038 | ecological pyramid | illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web | 24 | |
| 10748788039 | biomass | total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level | 25 | |
| 10748788040 | biogeochemical cycle | process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another | 26 | |
| 10748788041 | limiting nutrient | single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem | 27 | |
| 10748788042 | phytoplankton | photosynthetic algae found near the surface of the ocean | 28 | |
| 10748788043 | zooplankton | small free-floating animals that form part of plankton | 29 | |
| 10748788044 | nutrient | chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life | 30 | |
| 10748788045 | nitrogen fixation | process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia that can be furthered converted into forms that plants can absorb and use | 31 | |
| 10748788046 | denitrification | process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas | 32 |
AP Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11947897688 | preclude | to prevent; to make impossible | 0 | |
| 11947897689 | orthodox | Adhering to established principles or doctrines, esp. in religion; by the book | 1 | |
| 11947897690 | indolence | laziness | 2 | |
| 11947897691 | congenial | agreeably suitable; pleasant | 3 | |
| 11947897692 | condescend | to stoop to someone else's level, usually in an offensive way; to patronize | 4 | |
| 11947897693 | elusive | hard to pin down | 5 | |
| 11947897694 | elaborate | To speak further | 6 | |
| 11947897695 | elaborate | Detailed, careful | 7 | |
| 11947897696 | arrogant | Superior, snooty | 8 | |
| 11947897697 | apprehensive | worried, anxious | 9 | |
| 11947897698 | steadfast | loyal, faithful | 10 | |
| 11947897699 | static | stationary; not changing or moving | 11 | |
| 11947897700 | stalwart | strong and sturdy | 12 | |
| 11947897701 | obstinate | Determined to have ones own way, stubborn, willful | 13 | |
| 11947897702 | destitute | Totally impoverished | 14 |
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