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AP World History Strayer Chapter 11 Vocabulary Flashcards

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11821171803Pastoralism*Definition:* Way of life in which people depend on herding of domesticated animals for food. *Significance:* Revolution of domestication, kinship-based groups, women were higher status, a decreased in population, and utilized all land/military strength of Mongols.0
11821171804Modun*Definition:* Great ruler of Xiongnu Empire (210 - 174) and created a centralized, hierarchical system. *Significance:* United and centralized political system and helped create a model for future empires. He had a role in the Chinese and Roman collapse.1
11821171805Xiongnu*Definition:* People of the Mongolian steppe lands north of China who formed a large-scale nomadic empire. *Significance:* Created a huge military confederation and centralized societies. A model for Turkic/Mongol empires.2
11821171806Turks*Definition:* Turkish speakers from Central Asia, originally monads. *Significance:* Created series of nomadic empires, had a lasting impact when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland.3
11821171807Almoravid Empire*Definition:* Islamic religious movement in Africa, sparked by Ibn Yasin after returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca. *Significance:* Occupied much of NorthWest Africa and Southern Spain where it had considerable prosperity with the golden trade. (Formed from expansions and spread of Islam).4
11821171808Temujin/ Chinggis Khan*Definition:* Mongolian emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to Pacific. *Significance:* Universal ruler, hardships as a kid led him to be a powerful ruler. He unified Mongols, expanded the empire, and created the largest land connected empire.5
11821171809Mongol World War*Definition:* Term used to describe military campaigns, massive killings, and empire building done by Chinggis Khan. *Significance:* This contained China, Korea, Central Asia, Russia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. It allowed Mongol rule to expand.6
11821171810Yuan Dynasty China*Definition:* Mongol dynasty that ruled China (1271 - 1368). *Significance:* Moved capital of China to present-day Beijing. Showed how Mongols made use of Chinese practices and was a new beginning for China.7
11821171811Khubilai Khan*Definition:* Grandson of Chinggis Khan and Mongol ruler of China ( 1271 - 1294). *Significance: Examples of how Mongols in China made use of Chinese values such as Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and lowering taxes.8
11821171812Hulegu*Definition:* Chinggis Khan's grandson who led the second assault on Persia (1251 - 1258). *Significance:* Became first il-Khan of Persia. He established and cemented Mongol presence in China.9
11821171813Khutulon*Definition:* Girl, whose father was a Mongol ruler, excelled in horse riding, archery, wrestling, and military. *Significance:* She would only marry if they could beat her in wrestling. She eventually chose to marry. She shows the freedom of women under Mongol rule. She's also the reason men wrestle with open chests now.10
11821171814Kipchak Khanate/ Golden Horde*Definition:* Name of conquered Russia. *Significance:* Mongols had little to offer in steppe lands so they ruled from outside and exploited Russia. Moscow was the primary center for Mongol domination. Mongols were never actually in Russia.11
11821171815Black Death/Plague*Definition:* Massive plague pandemic that swept through Eurasia (Bubonic plague) by fleas on rats. *Significance:* Fostered future economic growth for Europe and led to the decline of Mongol network and empire. Europe gained prominence. Lots of people died.12

AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

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11655230978ameliorate (v)to make better or less painful0
11655243381deleterious (adj)harmful, injurious1
11655252808gesticulation (n)a dramatic gesture used instead of speaking, to emphasize one's words2
11655262267visage (n)the form or expression of one's face3
11655274664indignant (adj)Angry due to something unfair or wrong; justifiable anger4
11655284968ethereal (adj)celestial, heavenly, unworldly5
11655294191loquacious (adj)talkative; chatty; wordy6
11655302131sagacious (adj)wise7
11655306661assuage (v)to reduce pain8
11655311227lascivious (adj)inclined to lustfulness; arousing sexual desire9
11655323751vociferous (adj)expressed in a very loud or forceful way10
11655328537acuity (n)sharpness of perception or mind11
11655335100vehemently (adv)impassioned, violently, angrily12
11655341874incredulous (adj)skeptical; showing disbelief13
11655352360quell (v)to pacify; to subdue; to quiet down14
11655357025adversary (n)an opponent15
11655366438nefarious (adj)very mean and wicked16
11655372582parry (v)to avoid, deflect, ward off17
11655385547requisition (n)a formal demand18
11655391321imprudent (adj)careless; rash19

Ap psy unit four Flashcards

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7964545431PreconsciousThe level of consciousness that is outside of awareness but contains feelings and memories that you can easily bring into conscious awareness.0
7964551781UnconsciousThis is also called the subconscious, is the level of consciousness that includes often unacceptable feelings, wishes, and thoughts not directly available to conscious awareness.1
7964555090NonconsciousThe level of consciousness devoted to process completely inaccessible to conscious awareness, such as blood flow, filtering of blood by kidneys, secretion of hormones, and lower level processing of sensations, such as detecting edges, estimating size and distance of objects, recognizing patterns.2
7964560069HypnosisAn altered state of consciousness characterized by deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility. Under hypnosis, subjects can change aspects of reality and let those changes influence their behavior.3
7964563302Posthypnotic suggestiona suggestion made during a hypnotic session to be carried out after subjects is no longer hypnotized; used by some to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.4
7964567606Posthypnotic amnesiaThe inability in hypnotic subjects to recall events that took place while under hypnosis.5
7964671191DissociationAny of a wide array of experiences from mild detachment from immediate surroundings to more severe detachment from physical and emotional experience.6
8004479940Hidden observerProtects us from doing anything in hypnosis that we would not do under any circumstance consciously.7
8004482669Social Influence Theory of hypnosisPowerful social influences such as the social environment, peer pressure, or a hypnotist's status can produce a state of hypnosis.8
8004491158Hilgard's Divided Consciousness9
8004494666Theory of hypnosis10
8004496839Biological RhythmsPeriodic physiological fluctuations including annual cycles, 28 day cycle, 90 minute cycle and 24 hour cycle11
8004496840Annual cyclesmigration, hibernation and Seasonal Affective Disorder (S.A.D)12
800450104728-day cyclesfemale menstral cycle13
8004504731Circadian rhythmbiological clock; regular body rythms of temperature and wakefullness during 24 hour cycle14
8004508728Melatoninsleep-inducing hormone produced by pineal gland.15
8004510505SleepA complex combination of states of consciousness, each with its own level of consciousness, awareness, responsiveness, and physiological arousal. *The amount of sleep changes and we age.16
8004527809Beta wavestypically dominate our normal waking states of consciousness and occur when attention is directed towards cognitive and other tasks. *Alpha waves are a type of brain wave that occur when a person is relaxed, but still awake. Alpha waves typically occur when you are falling asleep, as you pass from wakefulness into sleep (from wake into stage 1 sleep). *Delta waves have a frequency from one to four hertz and are measured using an electroencephalogram (EEG). This period of time during which delta waves occur is often known as deep sleep.17
8082449119Alpha wavesThe relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.18
8082461001Delta wavesThe large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.19
8082465178REM sleepThe lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement20
8082466931NREM sleepA recurring sleep state during which rapid eye movements do not occur; decrease in blood pressure, breathing, muscle tension and muscle tension.21
8082469027REM reboundIncreased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights.22
8082470509Insomniathe feeling of inadequate or poor quality sleep because the person has trouble sleeping.23
8082470510Narcolepsya sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.24
8082473435Sleep apneaA sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.25
8082756146Night terrorsa sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being threatened; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. nightmares, night terrors occur during26
8082760688Dreamsa sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.27
8082762396Lucid dreamsAwareness that a dream is a dream while it is happening.28
8082764988Manifest contentThe remembered story line of a dream as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content.29
8082766989Latent contentThe underlying meaning of a dream as distinct from its manifest content.30
8082768695Freud's wish-fulfillment theoryDreams provide a "psychic safety valve" - expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest (remembered) content and a deeper layer of latent content - a hidden meaning.31
8082771885Information-processing theoryDreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories.32
8082774637Physiological theoryAn approach witnin psychology that focuses on the impact of human thought, reasoning, intelligence, and memory.33
8082776365Activation-synthesis theorythe theory that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random of random neural signals that fire during sleep.34
8082779219Cognitive theoryThat dreams draw on our knowledge and understanding of the world and engaging those same brain networks that light up when we day dream.35

AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards

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10132786134Egalitarianbelieving in the social and economic equality of all people0
10132789786Catal Huyukone of the largest neolithic villages ever discovered1
10132789787sedentarynot migratory; settled2
10132792506Agricultural Revolutiona period in which humans began to grow crops instead of gathering plants3
10132792507subsistencefarming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced4
10132795079sustenancethe act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence5
10132795080LeakeysDiscovered hominids first in east Africa.6
10132795081Lucythe first human who left remains of her bones; she lived around 3.5 million years ago.7
10132797016Sargon of Akkad8
10132797017codifiedwritten definitions of crimes and punishment enacted by legislatures and published9
10132798955theocracyA government controlled by religious leaders10
10132798956arablefit for growing crops11
10132799925covenanta binding agreement12
10132801070AryanA member of the Indo-European people who crossed into India around 1500 BC13
10132801071Rig VedasIndo-Aryan work 1400-900BCE with 1028 hymns tot he gods.14
10132805642SumerThe world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed for over 3,000 years.15
10132806764Mandate of Heavenin Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority16
10132807918Hittitesan Indo-European people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 B.C.17
10132810070Phoenecianslived on Mediterranean Sea; built ships; great sailors/traders; 22 letter alphabet18
10132810071ideologya system of social or political ideas19
10132811361Cyrus the Greatking of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC)20
10132820158SasanidsThe Persian Dynasty that overthrew and succeeded the Parthians21
10132820159Qanatan underground canal first built by the ancient Persians22
10132821883ParthiansIranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 C.E.23
10132821884satrapsPersian administrators, usually members of the royal family, who governed a satrapy.24
10132824050Shi Huangdifounder of the Qin dynasty and China's first emperor25
10132824741Pax SinicaChinese peace; under the Han Dynasty, China experienced 400 years of prosperity and stability26
10132825840Han Fei Zu27
10132825841LaoziA legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism.28
10132825842WudiChinese emperor who brought the Han dynasty to its greatest strength29
10132826795XiongnuNomads who lived in the Gobi Desert; invaded China; Wall of China was constructed to keep them out30
10132827855Five Basic RelationshipsFriend and friend, parent and child, husband and wife, elder and young brother, ruler and subject.31
10132827856QuechuaIncan language32
10132828705CuzcoThe capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru33
10132828706mitaa labor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work34
10132828707quipuAn arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information.35
10132829833chinampasfloating farming islands made by the Aztec36
10132829834Popul VuhMayan creation epic37
10132834451Battle of ManzikertCeltic Turks defeated the Byzantines, the Byzantine Empire was lost38
10132837173iconoclastspeople who opposed the use of icons in worship, Byzantines39
10132838698Shi'iteThe branch of Islam that holds that the leader of Islam must be a descendant of Muhammad's family40
10132838699Sunnia branch of Islam that regards the first four successors of Muhammad as his rightful successors41
10132839852Shariathe code of law derived from the Quran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed42
10132839858People of the Bookwhat Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god43
10132841636hajjA pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims44
10132841637CaliphA supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government45
10132843656Five Pillarsbeliefs that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage46
10132843657Ka'abacity containing a shrine to which religious pilgrims came47
10132855031NeoconfucianismIn postclassical China, a mixture of traditional Confucian and Buddhist beliefs.48
10132855837scholar gentryA Chinese social class of learned officeholders and landowners that arose in the Han dynasty.49
10132856738hegemonythe domination of one state or group over its allies50
10132858274Pax MongolicaThe period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.51
10132858277Kublai Khan(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.52
10132860822KhanatesAreas of Mongol Empire ruled by different Khans (rulers) after Genghis Khan's death.53
10132861554Golden HordeMongol armies who ruled much of medieval Russia54
10132876887primogenitureright of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son55
10132876888fiefland granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service56
10132877990Holy Roman Empirethe lands ruled by Charlemagne, Germany57
10132879586Charlemagneking of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor58
10132880669manorialsim59
10132883553lay invesititure60
10132884483vassalA knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land61
10132886926Justinian's Codea law code published by the Byzantine emperor Justinian62
10132887711TimbuktuNiger River port city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university.63

Ap Midterm Flashcards

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11347278361BehaviorismObserval Actions0
11347282301Little AlbertTeaching kids how to be afraid of certain things1
11347294060Humanistic PsychologySaying that you are capable of doing great things2
11347300436Abraham Maslowfounder of humanistic psychology3
11347321575Cognitive PsychologyStudy of how we think4
11347326862Nature vs. Nurturename for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or environment is responsible for driving behavior5
11347332472BioPsychoSocialCombining/connecting different levels of analysis6
11347372422Evolutionary PsychologyAct/behave to secuss7
11347479409Psychodynamicunconscious motives8
11347485970Critical ThinkingBlindly accepting ideas/thinking beyond thinking9
11347507744Hindsight biasSaying that you knew this all along after it occurs10
11347514385Confirmation BiasYou already believe this/Confirms your reason11
11347528135Overconfidencethe tendency to be more confident than correct12
11347539586false consensus effectthe tendency to overestimate the extent that others share our beliefs & behaviors13
11347556349operational definitionStep by step written out on how you do it14
11347572365Participant BiasPeople apart of a experiment may act different because they are being watched15
11347602061Hawthrone ExperimentDid study's on women in factories and they thought they were working better cause they were bribed but really casue they were being watched16
11347636900Independent Variablevariable that YOU change17
11347644603Dependent VariableVariable that is changed by the independent variable18
11347660377Cofounding Variablevariable that affects the variables being studied--MESSES UP the DATA19
11347692898Case Studywhen 1 person is studied in depth, but looking for universal ideas and principles20
11347708150Populationwhole group that would be studied or described21
11347717041naturalistic observationobserving and recording behavior that occurs naturally22
11347724622longitudional studyStudy done over a long period of time23
11347735704cross-sectional studyDifferent groups compared at the same age or stage of development24
11347775564Positive CorrelationA correlation where as one variable increases, the other also increases25
11347779949Negative Correlationas one variable decreases, the other decreases26
11347789419Illusory CorrelationThe perception that a relationship exists when there are none27
11347796405double-blind procedureexperimental procedure in which both the researcher & participants are ignorant28
11347805952Placebo Effecta nonactive substance or treatment29
11347815859Control GroupThe group that doesn't receive the treatment30
11347841810MeanAverage31
11347841837MeidanMiddle number32
11347859187ModeMost often33
11347864110RangeHighest-lowest34
11347869790Biological Psychologistroots and the results of our behaviors35
11347909771Dendritereceive messages and send impulses36
11347912824Axonthe extension of the neuron37
11347919835mylein sheathfatty substance that covers the axon38
11347927834NeurotransmitterChemical messengers that travel across the synapse39
11347934789DopamineInfluences movement, learning, attention, & emotion40
11347948831Acetylcholinetriggers muscle contraction & affects learning & memory41
11347957205Serotoninhunger & sleep, arousal & mood42
11347965940Melatonin43
11347979627EndorphinesPain and pleasure in the pituitary gland44
11347990747NorepinephrineHelps control alertness & arousal45
11347996279Central Nervous System46
11348004960peripheral nervous systemAll the nerves that feed into & branch out from the brain and spinal cord47
11348016496Sensory Divisiontravel from sensory organs and body tissues to the CNS, brain, & spinal cord48
11348030885Motor Cortexoutward traveling neurons that carry messages to muscles and glands49
11348039123Somatic Nervous SystemControls Voluntary movements50
11348053655autonimic nervous systemControl Autonomic functions51
11348325242parasympathetic nervous systemthe part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body52
11348334439sympethetic nervous systemArouses the body when threats are perceived "Flight or Fight" Part of the autonomic nervous system53
11348351248Reflexesthe automatic response to stimuli54
11348358787Neural Networksmany neurons in a section of the brain in an area the size of a grain of sand55
11348364619hormoneschemical messengers produced by the endocrine system56
11348370916Adrenal Glandsreleases adrenaline57
11348374789pituitary glandGrowth, pregnancy, & with the hypothalamus controls hunger58
11348384888LesionBrain damage59
11348390285MedullaControls heartbeat & breathing60
11348401894Reticular formationregulates arousal, sleep, awareness, connects to the cerebral cortex61
11348411088CerebellumBalance and coordination62
11348414344ThalamusRelay center (switchboard)63
11348430951Hypothalamusbrain region controlling the pituitary gland64
11348435283AmygdalaTwo bean sized neural clusters, flight or fight, fear and emotions65
11348446948HippocapusProcess new information and memories66
11348460025Frontal LobeMakes plans and judgements67
11348468307Temporal(above ears) Hearing68
11348472920Parietal Lobe(top) Touch and body movement69
11348477834occipital lobe(back) controls sight70
11348484368Phineas GageWorker that had his frontal lobe from limbic system. Started the study of the brain71
11348511115Association Areait is dedicated to associating sensory memory inputs with stored memory72
11348522093Brocas AreaHas a hard time with speech production73
11348531694aphasiaimpairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere74
11348534709PlasticityBrain ability to change throughout childhood and when a injury occurs the brain needs to make neural connections75
11348550694corpous callosumConnecting the two hemispheres of the brain and carry message back and fourth76
11348563188Behavior geneticsthe study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior77
11348581843Imprintingcertain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life78
11348586490Identical Twins79
11348610645Environmentis every non-genetic factor80
11348623200temperamenta person's characteristic emotional behavior81
11348627561HeritabilityThe percentage of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes82

AP Vocab Flashcards

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11518527589medical geographyThe study of health and disease within a geographic context and from a geographical perspective. Among other things, medical geography looks at sources, diffusion routes, and distributions of diseases.0
11518527590chemical insultsfactors, such as drugs, dangerous gases, and harmful liquids, that negatively affect human health1
11518527591physical insultstraumatic events, such as accidents, shock, or radiation poisoning, that negatively affect human health2
11518527592psychosocial insultspositive or negative effects of crowding, anxiety, love, and sense of belonging3
11518527593habitatthe natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.4
11518527594behaviorobservable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals5
11518527595epidemica widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.6
11518527596PandemicDisease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.7
11518527597agentan organism that causes a disease, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or flukes8
11518527598hostAn organism on which a parasite lives.9
11518527599Vectora disease agent is trasmited through rats, mosquitos10
11518527600Cyclical movementmovement from home for a short period of time; commuting, seasonal, nomadism11
11518527601periodic movementmotion that recurs over and over and the period of time required for each recurrence remains the same12
11518527602primitive migrationhuman movements that occur when a population runs out of food13
11518527603free migrationwhen people move on their own without push from the government14
11518527604Forced MigrationPermanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.15
11518527605human traffickingThe illegal trade of human beings, a modern-day form of slavery, for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, or involuntary military combat.16
11518527606Child SoldiersYouth that are either forced or impelled to serve as fighters or members of a militia.17
11518527607refugea safe place18
11518527608Ravenstein's Lawsa series of laws that describe voluntary migration patterns19
11518527609Distance Decaythe effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction20
11518527610push-pull modelA model of migration that argues that people are pushed from their homes by certain negative factors and pulled to other locations by positive qualities.21
11518527611factor mobility modelan economic model that argues that differences in wage rates cause people to migrate from low-wage areas to high-wage areas22
11518527612human capital modela theory of migration that argues that people move not just for macroeconomic reasons but also for individual reasons23

Ap Human Chapter One Flashcards

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10767360482Placea precise location on the planet0
10767366748Regiona large area of land1
10767369990Scalethe relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole2
10767389546SpaceThe gap between two objects3
10767392668Connectionrelationship between two things4
10767405069MapA two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.5
10767428280CartographyThe science of making maps6
10767430486GPS (global positioning system)a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth7
10767436538Geotaggingidentification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates8
10767440538GIS (geographic information system)A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.9
10767468088remote sensingThe acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods.10
10767473195VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information)Creation and spreading of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals11
10767485911Citizen Sciencescientific research by amateur scientists12
10767491932PGIS (Participatory GIS)community-based mapping13
10767514441Mashupa map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service14
10767521618Map ScaleThe relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.15
10767540293Ratiocomparision of two things (1 cm: 1,000 miles)16
10767583426Written Scaledescribes the relationship between map and Earth distances in words (Ex. 1 cm equals 10 km)17
10767606841graphic scaleusually consists of a bar line marked to show distance on Earth's surface (map legend)18
10767621272ProjectionThe system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.19
10767631446meridianAn arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles (longitude). The two main meridians are the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line20
10767643370parrellelcircle drawn around the globe parallel to the equated and perpendicular to the meridians. Ex: Tropic of Cancer,tropic of Capricorn21
10767650585Prime MeridianThe meridian, designated at 0° longitude, which passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.22
10767670153Greenwhich Mean Time (GMT)The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degree longitude. Master reference time23
10767678142International Date LineAn arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.24
10767700442LocationThe position of anything on Earth's surface.25
10767703753ToponymThe name given to a portion of Earth's surface.26
10767712250SiteThe physical character climate, water sorces, topography, latitude27
10767736520Situationthe location of a place relative to other places28
10767757827cultural landscapeA combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.29
10767793003Formal Region (Uniform Region)An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics30
10767800036Functional Region (Nodal Region)An area organized around a node or focal point (the main point)31
10767816982Vernacular region (or perceptual region)an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity32
10767847537CultureBeliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.33
10767871349Spactial associastionoccurs within any region if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature34
10767953113GlobalizationActions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.35
10767977775Transnational CorporationA company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. (Mc Donalds)36
10768001042DistributionThe arrangement of something across Earth's surface.37
10768020894Densitythe frequency with which something occurs in space (Ex houses in a neighborhood)38
10768043268consintrationThe spread of something over a given area.39
10768053644PatternThe geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area.40
10768070071Poststucturalist Geographyexamines how the powerful in society dominate or seek to control less powerfull groups.41
10768103781Humanistic GeographyThe study of different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings.42
10768115958behavioal geographyemphasizes the importants of understanding psychologizal basis for indvidual actions in space (Ex. A pattern in spaces)43
10768150425uneven developmentthe increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy44
10768007205Assimilationis the process by which a groups cultral featured are altered to resemble another groups. (weeaboos)45
10768244417Acculturationis the process of changes in culture that result in the meeting of two groups.46
10768307280Syncretisma blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith47
10768316768DiffusionThe process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time48
10768320656HearthThe region from which innovative ideas originate49
10768324916relocation diffusionThe spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. (Moses)50
10768376162Expantion diffusionthe spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive prosses.51
10768399584Hierarchical Diffusion (Expasion diffusion)the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places52
10768422303Contagious DiffusionThe rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population. ( Expansion Diffusion) (Ex. orange justice)53
10768439077Stimulus DiffusionThe spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. (Ex. innovative features of the iphone have been adopted by compeditors)54
10768489384networkA chain of communication that connects places55
10768495672Distance DecayThe diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. ( people in Cali and the Eagles)56
10768524405space-time compressionThe reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems (Farting)57
10768572440resorceanything used to produce an economic good or service58
10768586248Sastainabilitythe use of earths resorces in ways that insure their avalibilty in the future59
10768627756conservationProtecting and preserving natural resources and the environment (using resources in a way that they will be there in the future60
10768643067preservationMaintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible. (Trying to keep it as it is)61

APES Flashcards

vocabulary

Terms : Hide Images
11755372308Amensalisma form of symbiosis in which one species is harmed or impeded and the other is unaffected.0
11755372309Annual plantsa plant that usually germinates, flowers, and dies in one year1
11755372310Autotrophan organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions2
11755372311Biomasstotal mass of living matter in a given unit area3
11755372312biospherethe regions of Earth's surface and atmosphere where living organisms exist4
11755372313Carnivoreany animal that eats meat as the main part of its diet5
11755372314Chapparalfound in coastal areas between 30° and 40° latitude. vegetation is dominated by stands of dense, spiny shrubs with hard or waxy evergreen leaves6
11755372315Chemotrophsproducers that convert the energy found in inorganic chemical compounds into more complex energy without the use of sunlight7
11755372316climax communityrelatively stable and undisturbed plant community that has evolved through stages and adapted to its environment8
11755372317Commensalismform of symbiosis in which one organism benefits from the association but the other organism is unaffected9
11755372318Communitya group of interdependant organisms that inhabit the same region and interact with each other10
11755372319competitive exclusion principleaka Gause's Law. two species are competing for the same resources, one must migrate to another area, shift its feeding habits or behavior, suffer a decline in population size, or berome extinct11
11755372320Consumerorganism in a food chain that relies on feeding upon other organisms for survival12
11755372321convergent evolutionthe development of similar functions and structures in unrelated or distantly related organisms13
11755372322Decomposeraka saprotroph. Any organism that feeds off decomposing organic material14
11755372323Detrivoreaka detritus feeder or saprophage. Heterotroph that obtains nutrients by consuming detritus15
11755372324detritusParts of dead organisms and cast-off fragments and wastes of living organisms.16
11755372325directional selectionprocess of natural selection that tends to favor phenotypes at one extreme of the phenotypic range17
11755372326disruptive selectionnatural selection within a single population toward two different phenotypes18
11755372327ecological successiongradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax community is established19
11755372328ecosystem servicesservices provided by ecosystems that benefit humans and are necessary for a healthy planet, such as oxygen production, water purification, pollination, soil formation, and nutrient recycling20
11755372329Ecotonetransition area between two or more different habitats21
11755372330edge effectthe increased richness of plants and animals that occurs in areas where two or more habitat types come together22
11755372331energy pyramida representation of the loss of useful energy at each step in a food chain23
11755372332Evolutionthe change in inherited traits of. a population of organisms through successive generation24
11755372333habitatthe type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs25
11755372334habitat formationwhere natural habitats are broken into small, relatively isolated sections26
11755372335evolutionary relaythe process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.27
11755372336extinctno longer in existence28
11755372337food chaina representation of the eating relationships between species in an ecosystem29
11755372338food webA community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains30
11755372339gene poolall of the genetic information contained within a population31
11755372340genetic driftalteration in gene frequencies that usually occurs in small populations and results from change processes alone32
11755372341Gradualismthe belief that evolution occurs at a steady pace, without the sudden development of new species or biological factors from one generation to the next33
11755372342gross primary productivityThe rate at which producers in an ecosystem capture and store chemical energy as biomass34
11772790228Heterotrophan organism that requires an external supply of energy in the form of food, as it cannot make its own35
11772790229Hotspota region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction.36
11772790230indicator speciesa species whose status provides information on the overall health of the ecosystem and other species in that ecosystem37
11772790231indiginous speciesa plant or animal species that occurs at a place within its historically known range38
11772790232interspecific speciescompetition among individuals of different species39
11772790233Intraspecific speciescompetition among numbers of the same species40
11772790234invasive speciesnon-native species of plants and animals that outcompete native species in a specific habitat41
11772790235keystone speciesspecies that has a disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance42
11772790236Macroevolutionevolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups43
11772790237Microevolutionevolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies44
11772790238Mutalismonly interaction between species that benefits both45
11772790239natural selectionprocess by which heritable traits that make it more likely for organisms to survive long enough to reproduce, become more common over successive generations of a population46
11772790240net primary productivitythe production of organic compounds from atmospheric or aquatic carbon dioxide, principally through the process of photosynthesis.47
11772790241NicheAn organism's particular role in an ecosystem48
11772790242omnivorousFeeding on both animals and plants49
11772790243parallel evolutiondevelopment of similar characteristics in organisms that are not closely related due to adaptation to similar environments and/or strategies of life50
11772790244paracitisminteraction between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed51
11772790245Perennial plantsplants that grow and produce flowers in successive years from the same roots52
11772790246Photosynthesisa process that converts C02 into organic compounds using the energy from sunlight53
11772790247pioneer speciesspecies that are the first to colonize a new site or new ecosystem54
11772790248Populationa group of organisms of the same species populating a given area55
11772790249Predationa biological interaction where a predator feeds on its prey56
11772790250primary consumerorganism that is found near the bottom of the food pyramid and consumes plant material57
11772790251primary successiondevelopment of biotic communities in a previously uninhabited and barren habitat with little or no soil58
11772790252Produceran organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules using energy from sunlight or inorganic chemical reactions59
11772790253pyramid of biomassshows the relationship between biomass and trophic level by quantifying the amount of biomass present at each trophic level.60
11772790254punctuated equilibriumA model that holds that evolutionary process is characterized by long periods with little or no change interspersed with short periods of rapid speciation61
11772790255Saprotropismfeeding by absorbing dead or decaying organic matter62
11772790256secondary consumeranimal that feeds on smaller plant eating animals in a food chain63
11772790257secondary successionthe development of biotic communities in an area where the natural vegetation has been removed or destroyed but where soil is present64
11772790258sinka place where a large quantity of a resource stays for a long period of time. AKA reservoir65
11772790259Speciesgroup of related organisms having common characteristics and capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring66
11772790260Symbiosisclose and often long term interactions between different biological species67
11772790261Transpirationthe emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants68
11772790262trophic levelparticular position occupied by a group of organisms in a food chain69

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