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Unit 6 Vocab - AP Flashcards

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6610433313oxidation-reduction (redox) reactionsnet transfer of electrons; the species that loses electrons is oxidized, and the species that gains electrons is reduced.0
6610433315endothermicnet gain of energy; heat is absorbed1
6610433316exothermicnet loss of energy; heat is released2
6610433317galvanic cellredox reactions that generate electrical current; oxidation occurs at the anode, and reduction occurs at the cathode3
6610433318electrolytic cellredox reactions driven by an externally applied electrical potential; oxidation occurs at the anode, and reduction occurs at the cathode4
6610433319cell potential equation5
6610433320Gibbs free energy and cell potential6
6610433321current equation7
6610436560cell potentialVoltage produced by an electrochemical cell8
6610437100cathodePositively charged electrode; where reducton occcurs9
6610437609anodeNegatively charged electrode; where oxidation occurs10
6610437610oxidationElectron loss; associated with an increase in oxidation number11
6610438440reductionElectron gain; associated with a decrease in oxidation number12
6610439077oxidation numberthe charge that atom would have if the compound was composed of ions13
6610441259currentthe flow rate of charge14

AP French Essay Vocabulary Flashcards

useful terms for the ap french essay

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6449454252à cause debecause of + noun0
6449454253actuellementcurrently, at the present time1
6449454254à l'avenirin the future2
6449454255d'ailleursbesides3
6449454256à l'époquein those days4
6449454257à la suite defollowing5
6449454258après avoir + participe passéAfter having seen/read/studied....6
6449454259après être + participe passéAfter having gone/arrived/left....7
6449454260aussi faut-il queit is therefore important that8
6449454261au fonddeep down9
6449454262au fur et à mesureas something progresses, gradually10
6449454263au sujet deabout11
6449454264aussi faut-il que + subjonctifit is therefore important that12
6449454265autrefoisformerly, in the past, in the olden days13
6449454266autrement ditin other words14
6449454267c'est justement parce queit is exactly because15
6449454268ce qui est frappant, c'estwhat is striking is16
6449454269ce qui est inquiétantwhat is unsettling17
6449454270ce qui est intéressantwhat is interesting18
6449454271ce qui est surprenantwhat is surprising19
6449454272c'est pourquoithat is why20
6449454273cependanthowever21
6449454274d'abordfirst (adverb)22
6449454275d'aprèsaccording to23
6449454276dans un avenir prochein the near future24
6449454277de nos joursnowadays25
6449454278de plusfurthermore26
6449454279de plus en plusmore and more27
6449454280de toute façonin any case28
6449454281le dénouementthe outcome29
6449454282désormaisfrom now on30
6449454283dorénavantfrom now on31
6449454284en conclusionin conclusion32
6449454285en outrefurthermore33
6449454286en revancheon the other hand34
6449454287en tout casin any case35
6449454288enfinfinally, at last36
6449454289ensuitethen (adverb)37
6449454290entendre dire queto hear that38
6449454291évidemmentobviously39
6449454292il me semble queit seems to me that (no subjunctive)40
6449454293il ne faut pas oublier queone must not forget that (subjunctive)41
6449454294il s'agit deit is about42
6449454295il semble queit seems that (subjunctive)43
6449454296il va sans dire queit goes without saying that44
6449454297malgréin spite of, despite45
6449454298néanmoinsnevertheless46
6449454299par contreon the other hand47
6449454300par rapport àin relation to, in comparison to48
6449454301un personnagea character (in a play)49
6449454302peut-être quemaybe (no subjunctive)50
6449454303les rapportsthe relationships51
6449454304selonaccording to52
6449454305tout cela peutall this can53
6449454306toutefoishowever54
6449454307premier, premièrefirst (adjective)55
6449454308pour finiras a conclusion56
6449454309selon moi (toi, lui)according to me, you, him57

AP Literatura - Terminos Literarios Flashcards

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5721344299HipérboleExageración de las características de algo o alguien0
5721370453EstribilloUna frase que se repite en un texto1
5721374420rima asonanterima de las vocales2
5721388474in medias rescuando una obra empieza en medio de la acción3
5721393881antítesisyuxtaposición de dos ideas o palabras contrarias4
5721405603símilcomparar dos cosas usando las palabras "como" "parecer" "semejante"5
5721418311Apóstrofereferirse a una persona directamente en una obra literaria6
5721434485hipérbatoncambiar el orden normal de las palabras7
5721456516prosopopeyaAtribuír cualidades humanes a series inanimados8
5721479008retruécanoJuego de palabras, intercambiandolas de lugar en una frase9
5721493981AnáforaRepetición de palabras en una serie de versos10
5721507092Arte mayorversos de 9 o mas sílabas11
5721509655Arte menorversos de 2-8 sílabas12
5721519632ParodiaUna obra que imita otra con el propósito de burlarse de ella13
5721664947rima consonanterima de las vocales y las consonantes14
5721672522Carpe DiemUna mentalidad del renacimiento que significa "goza del día" y vive tu vida al maximo15
5721689621Memento MoriUna mentalidad del barroco que significa "el momento de la muerte" (Disfruta tu vida porque al final vas a morir)16
5721703300AcotacionesUna nota del autor de una obra de teatro para indicar la acción o movimiento de los personajes, etc.17
5721721664Voz poética/"yo" poéticaLa voz de la persona que habla en un poema, no necesariamente el autor del poema18
5736183480verso agudoCuando la última sílaba de la última palabra de un verso es la sílaba tónica. Se agrega una sílaba19
5736186900verso llanoCuando la penúltima sílaba de la última palabra de un verso es la sílaba tónica. No se quita ni se aumenta ninguna sílaba20
5736192388verso esdrújuloCuando la antepenúltima sílaba de la última palabra de un verso es la sílaba tónica. Se quita una sílaba21
5874311358sinestesiamezclar, unir o intercambiar los diferentes sentidos (oír, ver, oler, probar y tocar)22
5874314549epítetoun adjetivo que resalta una cualidad obvia de un objeto (ej. la leche blanca)23
5874317042elipsisLa omisión de una idea o frase. Muchas veces se reconoce por los tres puntos (...)24
6726011187MetáforaComparar dos cosas sin usar las palabras "como," "parecer" o "semejante a"25
6726034070Justicia Divinala idea de que al fin y al cabo, una persona recibe las consecuencias merecidas por sus acciones26
6726056843asíndetonNo incluir los conjuntivos ("y") necesarios como en el ejemplo "Llegué, vi, vencí."27
6726063528polisíndetonRepetir los conjuntivos ("y" o "ni") aunque no sea necesario incluirlo como en el ejemplo "Los estudiantes estudian y leen y escriben."28
6726074854onomatopeyauna palabra que imita un sonido ("vrooom")29
6726077141cromatismoel uso de colores para expresar ideas y sentimientos30
6726078913neologismouna palabra nueva o inventada que se usa en el lenguaje diario como "tuitear" o "textear"31
6726090454sinécdoquesinónimo de metonimia (usar una palabra para sustituir otra)32
6726101020aforismoun refrán o dicho corte que contiene un mensaje fuerte ("Pensar es servir.")33
6726115965Culteranismo (Luis de Góngora)Movimiento literario del Barroco que se caracteriza por palabras y frases complejas, muchas metáforas extendidas. ("¡Qué suene tan hermoso y complicado que sólo los más inteligentes lo entiendan!")34
6726128639Conceptismo (Francisco de Quevedo)Movimiento literario del Barroco que se caracteriza por un nivel elevado de conceptos e ideas.35
6726135530SinalefaCombinar la última vocal de una palabra con la primera vocal de la siguiente palabra para forma una sola sílaba ("y en tanto...")36
6726144270Voz poética/"yo" poéticoLa voz de la persona que habla en un poema, no necesariamente es el poeta37
6726146572encabalgamientoCuando un verso sigue al siguiente sin punto ni coma38
6726175382dramaturgoLa persona que escribe una obra de teatro39

AP world Chapter 15 Flashcards

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6362848356Catholic Counter-ReformationAn international reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability.0
6362848357Condorcet and the idea of progressThe Marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794) was a French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near-infinite improbability, with slavery, racism, tyranny and other human trials swept abay by the triumph of reason1
6362848358Nicolaus Copernicus(1473-1543) Polish mathematician and astronomer who was the first to argue for the existence of heliocentric cosmos.2
6362848359European EnlightenmentEuropean intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society3
6362848360Jesuits in ChinaSeries of Jesusit missionaries in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to undertand and become a part of Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elite, although with limited success4
6362848361kaozhengLiterally, "research based on evidence", Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially to historical documents.5
6362848362Mirabai(1498-1547) One of India's most believed bhakti poets; she helped breakdown the barriers of caste and tradition6
6362848363Isaac Newton(1645-1727) English natural scientist whose formulation of the laws of Motion and mechanics is regarded as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution7
6362848364Protestant ReformationMassive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; While the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a Church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovated in its challenge to church authority and its endorsement of Salvation "by faith alone."8
6362848365Sikhismreligious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak(about 1500) combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women9
6362848366Taki OnqoyLiterally, "dancing sickness"; a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the immanent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age10
6362848367Ursula de Jesus(1606-1666)Slave and later religions Laywomen at the Peruvian Convent of Santa Clara, a lucky escape inspired her to peruse a pious life of mortification and good works gaining a reputation as a woman of extraordinary devotion and humility as well as a visionary and mystic11
6362848368Voltaire(1694-1778) Pen name of the French philosopher Francios-Marie Arouet; wrote wok is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes; noted for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion12
6362848369Yahhabi IslamMajor Islamic movement led by the muslim theologian Abd al-ahhab(1703-1792) that ad vacated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to Islamic law13
6362848370bhaktiHindu devotional movement that flourished in the early modern era, emphasizing music dance, poetry, and ritual as means by which to achieve direct union with the divine14
6362848371Council of Trent(1545-1563) the main instrument of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, at which the Catholic Church clarified doctrine and corrected abuses15
6362848372Charles Darwin(1809-1882) highly influential English biologist whose theory of natural selection continues to be seen by many as a threat to revealed religious truth16
6362848373deismbelief in a divine being who created the cosmos but who does not intervene directly in human affairs17
6362848374Edict of Nates1598 edict issued by French king Henry IV that granted considerable religious toleration to French Protestants and ended the French wars of Religion18
6362848375Sigmund Freud(1856-1939) Austrian doctor and the father of psychoanalysis; his theories about the operation of the human mind and emotions remain influental today19
6362848376Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) Italian astronomer who further developed the ideas of Copernicus and whose work was eventually suppressed by the Catholic church20
6362848377huacaslocal goas of the Andes21
6362848378Huguenotsthe Protestant minority in France22
6362848379Martin Luther(1483-1546) German priest and theologian who inaugurated the Protestant Reformation movement in Europe23
6362848380Guru Nanak(1469-1539) founder of Shikhism24
6362848381Ninety-five ThesesList of 95 debating points about the abuses of the church, posted by Martin Luther on the door of a Church in Wittenberg in 1517 the church's strong reaction eventually drove Luther to separate from Catholic Christianity25
6362848382Matto Riccithe most famous Jesuit Missionary in China in the early modem period; active in China from 1582 to 161026
6362848383Scientific Revolutiongreat European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principles of the scientific method27
6362848384Society of JesusAlso called "Jesuits"; this Catholic religious society was founded to encourage the renewal of Catholicism through education and preaching; it soon became a leading Catholic missionary order beyond the borders of Europe28
6362848385Thirty Years War(1618-l648) Highly destructive war that eventually included most of Europe; fought for the most part between Protestants and Catholics, the conflict chided with the Peace of Westphalia in 164829
6362848386Wang Yangmin(1472-1529) Prominent Chinese philosopher who argued that it was possible to achieve a virtuous life by introspection, without the education of traditional Confucianism30

AP Psychology Chapter 10 Flashcards

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5412135996cognitionthe mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating0
5412135997concepta mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people1
5412137430prototypea mental image or best example of a category2
5412137431algorithma methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem3
5412138346heuristicsimple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgement and solve problems efficiently.4
5412138347insighta sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem5
5412139469confirmation biasa tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions6
5412139470fixationthe inability to see a problem from a new perspective7
5412139471mental seta tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, usually a way that has worked in the past8
5412140807functional fixednessthe tendency to think of things only in their usual functions9
5412140808representativeness heuristicjudging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes.10
5412143607availability heuristicestimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in recent memory11
5412143608overconfidencethe tendency to be more confident than correct12
5412148118framingthe way an issue is posed13
5412148119belief biasthe tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning14
5412148120belief perseveranceclinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.15
5412149446languageour spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning16
5412149447phonemein a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit17
5412149448morphemein a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning18
5412149449grammarin a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others19
5412151522semanticsthe set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences20
5412151523syntaxthe rules for combing words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language21
5412151524babbling stagebeginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development where the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to household language22
5412153033one-word stagethe stage in speech development from age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words23
5412153034two-word stagebeginning at about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements24
5412153035telegraphic speechearly speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and verbs, commonly omitting auxiliary words.25
5412155107linguistic determinationWhorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think26

AP Bio - Chemistry Basics Flashcards

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5096045928Proton - Positive Neutron - Neutral Electron - NegativeWhat are the three components of the atom and their charges?0
5096045929MoleculeWhat is the term used to describe groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds?1
5096045930Ionic BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond that forms between two atoms when one or more electrons is transferred to another atoms, and which the electronegativity difference between both atoms is very large.2
5096045931Covalent BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond in which electrons are shared?3
50960459321. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds. 2. Polar Covalent Bonds.What are two types of covalent bonds?4
5096045933Non-polar Covalent BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond in which electrons are shared equally?5
5096045934Polar Covalent BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond in which electrons are shared unequally?6
5096045935Hydrogen BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond that is formed when the positively charged hydrogen atom in one covalently bonded molecule is attracted to a negatively charged area of another covalently bonded molecule?7
5096045936HydrophilicWhat is the term used to describe molecules that can dissolve in water?8
5096045937HydrophobicWhat is the term used to describe molecules that cannot dissolve in water?9
50960459381. Water is an excellent Solvent. 2. Water has a high heat capacity. 3. Ice Floats. 4. Water has strong cohesion & high surface Tension. 5. Water has strong Adhesion.What are the five basic properties of water?10
5096045939A molecule with one or more Carbon Atoms.What is an organic molecule?11
5096045940MacromoleculeWhat is the term used to describe a molecule that consists of thousands of atoms?12
5096045941PolymerWhat is the term used to describe a molecule that consists of a single unit repeated many times?13
5096045942Functional GroupWhat gives a molecule a unique property?14
5096045943MonosaccharideWhat is the term used to describe a carbohydrate that consists of a single sugar molecule?15
5096045944CelluloseWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?16
5096045945GlucoseWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?17
5096045946SucroseWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?18
5096045947FructoseWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?19
5096045948StarchWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?20
5096045949DisaccharideWhat is the term used to describe two sugar molecules linked by a glycosidic linkage?21
5096045950SucroseGlucose + Fructose = ________?22
5096045951LactoseGlucose + Galactose = ________?23
5096045952MaltoseGlucose + Glucose = ________?24
5096045953StarchWhat is the term used to describe the principal energy storage molecule of plants?25
5096045954CelluloseWhat is the term used to describe a structural molecule in the walls of plant cells and the major component in wood?26
5096045955ChitinWhat is the term used to describe a polymer similar to cellulose, which serves as the structural molecule in the walls of fungus cells and in the exoskeleton of insects, some arthropods, and mollusks?27
5096045956LipidsWhat is the term used to describe a common class of organic molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar substances?28
5096045957TriglycerideGlycerol + 3 Fatty Acids = __________?29
5096045958TriglyceridesWhat is the term used to describe hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at one end of the chain?30
5096045959Saturated Fatty AcidWhat is the term used to describe a fatty acid with no double bonds between its carbon atoms?31
5096045960Monounsaturated Fatty AcidWhat is the term used to describe a fatty acid with one double bond?32
5096045961Polyunsaturated Fatty AcidWhat is the term used to describe a fatty acid with more than one double bond?33
5096045962PhospholipidWhat is the term used to describe a molecule that looks just lipid except one of the fatty acid chains is replaced by a phosphate group?34
5096045963Structural Proteins. Storage Proteins. Transport Proteins. Defensive Proteins. Enzymes.What are five major categories of proteins?35
5096045964Amino AcidsAll proteins are polymers of _______ ______?36
5096045965Peptide BondsThe bonds between amino acids are called ________ _______?37
5096045966PrimaryThe ________ structure refers to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain38
5096045967Secondary StructureThe ________ structure of a protein is a three-dimensional shape that results from hydrogen bonding between the amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids often producing alpha helix or beta sheet structures.39
5096045968TertiaryThe ________ structure of a protein includes additional three Dimensional shape.40
5096045969quaternaryThe _________ structure of a protein is the composition of the proteins subunits.41
5096045970NucleotidesDNA is a polymer of ________.42
5096045971NucleotideWhat is the molecule shown here?43
5096045972A-Adenine B-Guanine C-Thymine D-CytosineName A-D44
50960459731. The sugar nucleotide that makes RNA molecule is ribose, not deoxyribose as it is in DNA. 2. The Thymine nucleotide does not occur in RNA. It is replaced by Uracil. 3. RNA is usually single-stranded.What are the three ways RNA differs from DNA?45
5096045974Activation EnergyThe presence of a catalyst accelerates the rate of the reaction because it lowers the ________ _______ required for the reaction to take place.46
5096045975CatabolismWhat is the term used to describe the biochemical process an organism undergoes to create energy by breaking down substances?47
5096045976AnabolismWhat is the term used to describe the biochemical process an organism undergoes to synthesize new compounds?48
5096045977Chemical EquilibriumWhat is the term used to describe conditions in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction?49
5096045978EnzymesWhat is the term used to describe globular proteins that act as catalysts for metabolic reactions?50
5096045979CofactorsWhat is the term used to describe non-protein molecules that assist enzymes?51
5096045980Allosteric EnzymeWhat is the term used to describe enzymes that have two kinds of binding sites one an active site for the substrate and one for an effector?52
5096045981Competitive InhibitionWhat is the term used to describe an enzyme regulation system in which a substance that mimics the substrate inhibits an enzyme by occupying the active site?53
5096045982Noncompetitive InhibitionWhat is the term used to describe an enzyme regulation system a substance inhibits the action of an enzyme by binding to a site other than the enzyme active site?54
5096045983CooperativityWhat is the term used to describe an enzyme regulation system in which an enzyme becomes more receptive to a substrate once one substrate is already bound?55

AP Psych. Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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6370126543Hallucinationsperceptions experienced in the absence of external stimuli0
6370126544Delusionsfixed but patently false beliefs, such as believing that one is being haunted by demons1
6370126545Culture-Bound Syndromespsychological disorders found only in one or few cultures2
6370126546Dhat Syndromea culture-bound syndrome found in India in which men develop intense fears about losing semen3
6370126547Medical Modelframework for understanding abnormal behavior patterns as symptoms of underlying physical disorders or diseases4
6370126548Biopsychosocial Modelone integrative model for explaining abnormal behavior patterns in terms of the interactions of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors5
6370126549Diathesis-Stress Modeltype of biopsychosocial model that relates the development of disorders to the combination of a diathesis, or predisposition, usually genetic in origin, and exposure to stressful events or life circumstances6
6370126550Diathesisvulnerability or predisposition to developing a disorder7
6370126551Psychological Disordersabnormal behavior patterns charactized by disturbances in behavior, thinking, perceptions, or emotions that are associated with significant personal distress8
6370126552Anxiety Disordersclass of psychological disorders characterized by excessive inappropriate anxiety reactions9
6370126553Phobiasexcessive fears of particular objects or situations10
6370126554Social Phobiatype of anxiety disorder involving excessive fear of social situations11
6370126555Specific Phobiaphobic reactions involving specific situations or objects12
6370126556Acrophobiaexcessive fear of heights13
6370126557Claustrophobiaexcessive fear of enclosed spaces14
6370126558Agoraphobiaexcessive, irrational fesr of being in public places15
6370126559Panic Disordertype of anxiety disorder involving repeated episodes of sheer terror called panic attacks16
6370126560Generalized Anxiety Disordertype of anxiety disorder involving persistent and generalized anxiety and worry17
6370126561Obsessive-Compulsive Disordertype of anxiety disorder involving the repeated occurrence of obsessions and/or compulsions18
6370126562Anxiety Sensitivityfear of fear, involving excessive concern that anxiety symptoms will spin out of control19
6370126563Dissociative Disordersclass of psychological disorders involivng changes in conscousness, memory, or self-identity20
6370126564Somatoform Disordersclass of psychological disorders involving physical ailments or complaints that cannot be explained by organic causes21
6370126565Dissociative Identity Disordertype of dissociative disorder characterized by the appearance of multiple personalities in the same individual22
6370126566Conversion Disordertype of somatoform disorder characterized by a change or a loss of a physical function that cannot be explained by medical causes23
6370126567Hypochondriasissomatoform disorder in which there is excessive concern that one's physical complaints are signs of underlyring serious illness24
6370126568Secondary Gainthe reward value of having a psychological or physical symptom, such as release from ordinary responsibilities25
6370126569Mood Disordersclass of psychological disorders involving disturbances in mood states, such as major depression and bipolar disorder26
6370126570Major Depressive Disordermost common type of depressive disorder, characterized by periods of downcast mood, feeling of worthlessness, and loss in interest in pleasurable activities27
6370126571Seasonal Affective Disordertype of major depression that involves a recurring pattern of winter depressions followed by elevations of mood in the spring and summer28
6370126572Dysthymic Disordertype of psychological disorder characterized by mild by chronic depression29
6370126573Bipolar Disordertype of mood disorder characterized by mood swings from extreme elation (mania) to severe depression30
6370126574Manic Episodesperiods of mania, or unusually elevated mood and extreme restlessness31
6370126575Cyclothymic Disordermood disorder characterized by a chronic pattern of relatively mild mood swings32
6370126576Learned Helplessness Modelview that depression results from the perception of a lack of control over the reinforcements in one's life that may result from exposure to uncontrollable negative events33
6370126577Attributional Stylea person's characteristic way of explaining outcomes of events in his or her life34
6370126578Depressive Attributional Stylecharacteristic way of explaining negative events in terms of internal, stable, and global causes35
6370126579Disinhibition Effectremoval of normal restraints or inhibitions that serve to keep impulsive behavior in check36
6370126580Schizophreniasevere and chronic psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior37
6370126581Psychotic Disorderpsychological disorder, such as schizophrenia, characterized by a break with reality38
6370126582Thought Disorderbreakdown in the logical structure of thought and speech, revealed in the form of a loosening of associations39
6370126583Positive Symptomssymptoms of schizophrenia involving behavioral excesses, such as hallucinations and delusions40
6370126584Negative Symptomsbehavioral deficits associated with schizophrenia, such as withdrawal and apathy41
6370126585Disorganized Typea subtype of schizophrenia characterized by confused behavior and disorganized delusions among other features42
6370126586Catatonic Typesubtype of schizo characterized by bizarre movements, postures, or grimaces43
6370126587Waxy Flexibilityfeature of catatonic schizo in which people rigidly maintain the body position or posture in which they were placed by others44
6370126588Paranoid Typemost common subtype of schizo, characterized by appearance of delusional thinking accompanied by frequent auditory hallucinations45
6370126589Personality Disordersclass of psychological disorders characterized by rigid personality traits that impair people's ability to adjust to the demands they face in the environment and that interfere with their relationships with others46
6370126590Narcisstic Personality Disordera type of personality disorder characterized by a grandiose sense of self47
6370126591Paranoid Personality Disordertype of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others48
6370126592Schizoid Personality Disordertype of personality disorder characterized by social aloofness and limited range of emotional expression49
6370126593Borderline Personality Disordertype of personality disorder characterized by unstable emotions and self-image50
6370126594Anti-Social Personality Disordertype of personality disorder characterized by callous attitudes toward others and by antisocial and irresponsible behavior51

AP Psychology: unit 2 Flashcards

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4782331158Hindsight Bias1) the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. Also known as the "I knew it all along" phenomenon. 2) idea that you seen what happened before it actually happened0
4782334213Critical Thinking1) thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. 2) Thinking that needs more to prove1
4782336483Theory1) an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. 2) a challenged idea for explaining science2
4782356994Hypothesis1) a testable prediction, often implied by a theory. 2) an educated guess3
4782360704Operational Definition1) a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. i.e. Human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. 2) procedures that measures to define something EX: love-the number of times someones says "I Love You"4
4782362887Replication1) repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. 2) repeating a procedure5
4782364033Case study1) an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. 2) studying one person to help the majority6
4782365838Survey1) a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group. 2) questionare7
4782367798Population1) all the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. Note: Except for national studies, this does NOT refer to a country's whole population 2) all people that can be studied8
4782369539Random sample1) a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. 2) a fair part of the population used to study9
4782372344Naturalistic Observation1) observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. 2) describes behavior with the subject in their natural environment10
4782374097Correlation1) a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. 2) measuring between two things that help make predictions11
4782375206Correlation Coefficient1) a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1). 2) value of a correlation's ranges12
4782376952Scatterplot1) a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation). 2) a graph that plots dots for research13
4782378163Illusory Correlation1) the perception of a relationship where none exists 2) a false relationship between two things14
4782381851Experiment1) a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors. 2) scientist controls factors to get results (cause and effect)15
4782383218Random Assigment1) assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups. 2) randomly assigning people to groups16
4782385059Double-Blind Procedure1) an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or the placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies. 2) both the participants and staff don't know who is reciving treatment17
4782386627Placebo Effect1) experimental results caused by expectation alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent. 2) idea that you believe that you are getting better but you are the same as before (the use of sugar pills)18
4782388910Experimental group1) in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. 2) group receiving treatment19
4782391736Control group1) in an experiment, the group that is NOT exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of treatment. 2) group not receiving treatment20
4782393073Independent Variable1) the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. 2) the variable that is changed to create outcome21
4782395497Confounding Variable1) a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment. 2) anything that unfairly changes the experiment22
4782396946Dependent Variable1) the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. 2) the variable that is changed and measured23
4782397685Mode1) the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution. 2) most frequent appearing24
4782401345Mean1) the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores 2) average of the total25
4782402633Median1) the middle score in a distribution, half the scores are above it and half are below it. 2) the middle number26
4782403717Range1) the difference between the highest and lowest score in a distribution. 2) the highest minus the lowest score27
4782405213Standard Deviation1) a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score. 2) how far a group falls from mean28
4782406674Normal Curve1) a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scored fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes. 2) a bell shaped curve that shows mean29
4782407772Statistical Significance1) a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. 2) how likely it was caused by chance (95% or better)30
4782409013Culture1) the enduring behavior, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. 2) shared group of people with similar believes and ideas31
4782411607Informed Consent1) an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate 2) to tell the participants a little info and ask for permission before starting an experiment32
4782412831Debriefing1) the postexperimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants 2) explaining for the experiment after completing33

[AP Chinese] Chinese Sayings Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6737998998不经一事,不长一智Nothing ventured, nothing learned.0
6737998999有一利,必有一弊Every advantage brings a corresponding disadvantage.1
6737999000三人一条心,黄土变成金Three men with one mind will turn the dirt into gold.2
6737999001不听老人言,吃亏在眼前He who doesn't listen to the advice of his elders is in for a hard knock or two.3
6737999002一人做事,一人当He who does it assume the responsibility for it.4
6737999003一个巴掌,拍不响You can't clap with one hand. (It takes two to win a quarrel.)5
6737999004耳不听,心不烦What doesn't enter the ear doesn't disturb the heart (mind).6
6737999005心要热,头要冷The heart should be warn and the head should be cool (calm).7
6737999006不怕人穷,就怕志短Pverty isn't a obstacle, only lack of ambition is.8
6737999007放长线,钓大鱼To put out a long line to catch a big fish. (Use a long term or far reaching plan to obtain greater results.)9
6737999008羊毛出在羊身上The wool comes off the lamb's back. (There is no free lunch; you pay whatever you get.)10
6737999009人死留名,豹死留皮A dead man leaves his reputation; a dead panther leave its skin. (Reputation is important.)11
6737999010一言既出,驷马难追One words have left a man's mouth, he can't take it back. (One should honor his words.)12

APES- Chapter 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4825796250EnvironmentThe sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.0
4825804987Environmental ScienceThe science that deals with the interactions among human systems and those found in nature.1
4825813568EcosystemA particular location on earth with interacting biotic and abiotic components.2
4825818733BioticLiving factors3
4825821664AbioticNon living factors4
4825825575Environmental studiesThe field of study that includes environmental science and additional subjects such as environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics.5
4825833765Environmental indicatorAn indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system.6
4825839756BiodiversityThe diversity of life forms in an environment.7
4825841707Genetic diversityA measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population.8
4826046229SpeciesA group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology, behavior, or biochemical properties.9
4826073120Species diversityThe number of species in a region or in a particular habitat.10
4826074861SpeciationThe evolution of new species.11
4826077391Background extinction rateThe average rate at which species become extinct over the long term.12
4826083785Greenhouse gasesGases in the earth's atmosphere that trap the heat near the surface. Ex. CO213
4826085878AnthropogenicDerived from human activities.14
4826089345Developmentimprovement in human well being through economic advancement.15
4826092757SustainabilityLiving on earth that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources.16
4826100678Sustainable developmentDevelopment that balances current human well being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations.17
4826105908BiophiliaLove of Life18
4826107003Ecological FootprintA measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land.19
4826111536Scientific MethodAN objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes20
4826116089HypothesisA testable conjecture about how something works.21
4826119270Null hypothesisA statement or an idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong.22
4826331124ReplicationTaking repeated measurements of the data.23
4826333334Sample size(n) the number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection.24
4826335592AccuracyHow close a measured value is to the actual or true value.25
4826340213PrecisionHow close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another.26
4826343752TheoryA hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed many times and which results are widely accepted.27
4826348506Control groupThe group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experimental group except for the single variable under study.28
4826359096Natural experimentA natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem.29

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