AP Human Geography, Development Flashcards
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| 4990260775 | Adolescent fertility rate | The number of births to women aged 15-19 years old per 1,000 women. | 0 | |
| 4990260776 | Biomass fuel | Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste | 1 | |
| 4990260777 | Demand | Quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy. | 2 | |
| 4990260778 | Developed country (MDC) | A modern, industrialized country in which people are generally better educated and healthier and live longer than people in developing countries do. | 3 | |
| 4990260779 | Developing country (LDC) | A country that is at a realtively early stage of in teh process of economic development. | 4 | |
| 4990260780 | Development | A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology. | 5 | |
| 4990260781 | Fair trade | Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. | 6 | |
| 4990260782 | Female labor force participation rate | The percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home. | 7 | |
| 4990260783 | Foreign direct investment | Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. | 8 | |
| 4990260784 | Fracking | Pumping a mixture of sand, water and chemicals to create cracks in rock layers, which allow the natural gas to flow to the surface. | 9 | |
| 4990260785 | Gender Inequality Index | Measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality | 10 | |
| 4990260786 | geothermal energy | Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks. | 11 | |
| 4990260787 | Gross domestic product (GDP) | The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country within a year. | 12 | |
| 4990260788 | Gross national income (GNI) | The total value of goods and services produced by a country within a year, including money that leaves and enters the country. | 13 | |
| 4990260789 | Housing bubble | A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value. | 14 | |
| 4990260790 | Human Development Index (HDI) | Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy | 15 | |
| 4990260791 | Hydroelectric power | Electricity produced by the kinetic energy of water moving over a waterfall or dam. | 16 | |
| 4990260792 | Inequality-adjusted HDI | Modification of the HDI to account for inequality within a country. | 17 | |
| 4990260793 | Literacy rate | Percentage of people who can read and write | 18 | |
| 4990260794 | Maternal mortality ratio | Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth | 19 | |
| 4990260795 | Microfinace, microcredit | The practice of offering small loans to individuals who otherwise would not have access to the capital necessary to begin small businesses in developing countries. | 20 | |
| 4990260796 | Millennium Development Goals | Eight international development goals that United Nations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015. They include reducing extreme poverty, reducing child mortality rates, fighting disease epidemics such as AIDS, and developing a global partnership for development. | 21 | |
| 4990260797 | Nonrenewable energy | A source of energy that is a finite supply capable of being exhausted. | 22 | |
| 4990260798 | Potential reserve | The amount of energy in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist. | 23 | |
| 4990260799 | Primary sector | The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. | 24 | |
| 4990260800 | Productivity | The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. | 25 | |
| 4990260801 | proven reserve | The amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits. | 26 | |
| 4990260802 | Purchasing power parity (PPP) | The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country | 27 | |
| 4990260803 | Radioactive vaste | Materials from a nuclear reaction that emit radiation and harmful and lethal to people. | 28 | |
| 4990260804 | Renewable enery | A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and it not depleted when used by humans. | 29 | |
| 4990260805 | Supply | The quantity of something that producers have available for sale. | 30 | |
| 4990260806 | Secondary sector | The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. | 31 | |
| 4990260807 | Structural adjustment program | Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens more for services. | 32 | |
| 4990260808 | Value added | The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. | 33 |
