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Ap World History Unit 2 GET A FIVE Flashcards

5364541277	What type of religion was Islam?	Monotheistic religion like Judaism and Christianity	0
5364543697	Islam accepts what?	Accepts Abraham, Moses and Jesus as prophets	1
5364546536	What does Islams category fall into?	Joins Buddhism and Christianity as a universalizing religion (easily adapted to other cultures)	2
5364547910	What religion is easily adapted to other cultures	Islam	3
5364549595	What three religions are considered to be universalizing religion?	Buddhism, Christianity and islam	4
5364551828	Dar Al Islam means	House of Islam	5
5364552941	Dar AL Islam's territory of Islam includes	the Middle East, North Africa and Spain	6
5364555665	Indonesia is	the most populated Muslim country in the world today	7
5364589798	The religious schism that was caused by a dispute over the order of leadership succession was	Sunni and Shi'a Though each of these choices represent religious schisms, the Muslim dispute between Sunni and Shi'a was over leadership succession.	8
5364592347	By the beginning of the 8th century, dar al-Islam had spread as far east as	India By 711, The House of Islam had spread as far east as South Asia, present-day India.	9
5364593751	Of the Five Pillars of Islam, the one that has had the greatest impact on World History has been	the Hajj Since the Hajj is a pilgrimage, this journey encouraged the interaction of cultures.	10
5364597077	Muhammad dies	Abubakar was appointed Caileph(the religious and political head of islam)-theacracy	11
5364600589	Calieph named ali came in w confusion and created a split in islam of the	Sunni and Shia Sunni (umma "muslim community" will select someone as calieph-majority of muslims) and the Shia (believe the calieph should be chosen through hereditary lines and succession)	12
5364612919	after muhammad dies in 632	islam spreads throughout uranean peninsula to abassid empire and spreads into india and Spain in 711, and southeast asia into Indonesia (MOST POPULATED MUSLIMS)	13
5364616985	from trade islam expands to many places but expands mainly to _______ through trade.	Indonesia	14
5364622546	succession problem in	Uymayad Dynasty	15
5364626323	diffusion to southeast asia	1. hinuism to southeast asia (ankor wat) 2. buddhism to southeast asia(ankor wat) 3. Islam to southeast asia	16
5364630366	most heavily populated muslim country in the world	southeast asia, indoneasia, thru trade	17
5364637287	Islam means	submissions (one who submits)	18
5364638864	Muhammad used______to trade	caravans	19
5364642727	Muhammed grew up in_______ known as a _________ world at the time	1. mecca 2. polytheistic world	20
5364646860	610	610 Muhammad receives the first revelation while meditating in the cave of Hira near Mecca. He hears a commanding voice addressing him and becomes the Messenger of God.	21
5364655709	islamic god named	Allah	22
5364656331	622	1. first date in islamic calendar 2. Muhammad was kicked out of Mecca but returns and conquers it 3. this creates the hijrah- Hijrah (Arabic: هِجْرَة‎‎) is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in 622 CE.	23
5364666519	5 pillars of faith	1. Monotheistic (believe in one god, Allah) 2. pray 5x a day 3. Alms giving 4. Ramadan fasting 5. Haij to Mecca	24
5364671587	1324	Mansa Musa	25
5364672816	Mansa Musa	came from mali, he crossed the Saharan desert, crosses gyro and throws gold while inflating their economy and goes to mecca. then from mecca with islamic learning into mali.	26
5364680597	Islam is the catalyst	for movement	27
5364682352	Ibn Battuta	is a traveler traveled 73,000 miles from morocco motivated by the haij. he traveled thru Dal Ar Islam	28
5364715946	Universalizing Religion means	easily adapted to other cultures and actively seeking other converts	29
5364784100	Islam was spread through	took over Arabian peninsula to spread through north Africa into Europe, Spain, and india	30
5364787867	Christianity was spread through	spread through the Mediterranean and was accepted by theadoses and and the roman empire to the americans	31
5364793509	Buddhism was spread	along the silk roads into china	32
5364800045	711	islam spreads to india and spain islam spread into india, across north africa and into spain	33
5364807345	islam is associated with the Arabians, making it a ______ religion	merchant	34
5364808797	Umayyad Dynasty	- (661-750 CE) known for territorial expansion- Darl Al Islam -arabic lanugae -caliphates were tolerate of other religions but taxed non muslims(Jizya)	35
5369260646	Islam expands and the capital is	Damascus	36
5369269229	Jizya	is a tax on non-Muslims used in Islamic empires	37
5369273969	Al-Andalus	- 711 islamic spain	38
5369279220	In Al-Andalus	- in 732 islam spread was stopped in islam during the battle of tours, by charles martel/charles or hammer Hagia Sophia converted to Mousque of Cordoba in spain during the reconquista reconquista muslims leave or get killed	39
5369291206	732 islam was stopped by	charles martel/charles or hammer	40
5369299868	during the reconquista	- Hagia Sophia converted to Mousque of Cordoba in spain - muslims leave or get killed	41
5369306498	Islamic Spain	-free education -library -mathematics -science -medicine -preservation of the greek works of Plato and Aristotle (knowledge)	42
5369309853	Mosque at Cordoba, Spain	great example of diffusion of culture	43
5369314156	Islamic Spain is the Center of Islamic learning with	free education, medicine and preservation of Greek and Roman learning	44
5369328634	Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE)	golden age of islam	45
5369332166	Capital moves to Baghdad	2nd golden age of silk road-Trade flourishes on Silk Road, Credit used by merchants facilitates trade	46
5369337729	Golden age	-better steel for swords -preservation of greek, roman and persian learning - arabic numerals(indians) concept of zero - algerba, geometry, trig - astrolabe (used for nag) used for exploration - astronomical observations - knowledge of the earth resolving the axsis around the sun - atonomy - Medical encycolpedias - cartographers - poetry (arabian nights) enriched culture arabesques	47
5369340840	mosques _______ patterns	geometric patterns	48
5369370120	sufis were responsible for spread of	islam throughout dar al islam, syncretic blend in africa	49
5369372537	islams treatments of women	- everyone is equal under the quoran though they had exceptions : -Men can have 4 wives the harem ( domestic spaces reserved for women) womens testimony being only half that of a mans testimony veiling	50
5369377225	Accomplishments include:	Arabic numerals, advancements in algebra, geometry and trigonometry, perfection of the astrolabe, astronomical observatories, optic surgery, medical encyclopedias, and literature like the Arabian Nights.	51
5369382472	Arabesques	Mosques use of geometric patterns	52
5369388108	Byzantine Empire	- fall of rome -roman empire is split by diocleatain Justinian married to theodorah, created	53
5369391914	-constantantinople is named by	constantine	54
5369394136	the west falls as they are attacked by	huns, vistogrophs, astrogrophs	55
5369396979	east	(law and engineering)	56
5369399441	Justinian	married to theodorah	57
5369401572	Western Europe	◦ Decentralized ◦ Franks most powerful group to emerge ◦ Charlemagne attempts to bring back the Roman Empire in the 800's.	58
5369405225	Comparison of European and Japanese feudalism	◦ Knight/Samurai ◦ Chivalry/Bushido ◦ Lords/Daimyo	59
5369410531	Women in Europe mainly	midwives and healers	60
5369413991	China Spread of	Buddhism from India to China, Korea and then to Japan	61
5369418127	Sui Dynasty	Grand Canal) brings end of war	62
5369420958	chin eneded	waring states	63
5369422799	neo confucianism	blend of buddhism- (indian) and confucianism- (chinese)	64
5369425627	Spread of buddhism:	begins in india, spreads the silk road thru merchants to china. then spreads eastward to korea and japan. then spreads to southeast asia and spread thru central asia like Afghanistan. - India to China, Korea and then to Japan	65
5369436728	Chinese gained knowledge of champa rice that originated from	vietnam who had champa rice which INCREASED POPULATION(east asia)	66
5369439568	east asia	most populated and had largest cities	67
5369442847	Industrial revolution during	Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE)	68
5369447615	Tang Dynasty	T(erritorial)ang Dynasty (618-907 CE)- goes into korea and mongolia	69
5369454683	China had the	civil service with educated bureaucracy and allowed the poor/lower classes to thrive and become higher in status	70
5369456885	2nd golden age	in abassid dynasty with tang and song with trade	71
5369459917	ships make chinese	dominate player in ocean	72
5369461838	flying money	- letters of credit/depositing money	73
5369463582	they had	- gunpowder difuses to middle east and eruope - flying money - letters of credit/depositing money	74
5369468061	poetry	- cultural aspects of tang	75
5369473847	The Tang dynasty overview	- Expands Chinese territory ◦ Kowtow (froehead on the floor to the chinese emperor) shows Chinese dominance over places like Korea ◦ Second Golden Age of the Silk Road ◦ Letters of Credit (Flying money) ◦ Gunpowder developed ◦ Champa rice from Vietnam fuels population surge	76
5369484117	Song Dynasty - golden age continues.. they had ____ manufacturing	◦ Iron manufacturing makes China manufacturing giant of the world at this time	77
5369488890	Song dynasty	- porecelin and silk largest populations -developed the compass with age of exploration -abacus, printing	78
5369499107	What may allow someone to raise for family	- civil service (males), foot binding ( females) peasants bind one of their daughters feet in hopes of them rising in status	79
5369502522	foot binding	- song dynasty - for elites for woman (smaller foot-more attractive and less work)	80
5369518248	Song dynasty overview	◦ Largest cities in the world ◦ Golden Age of innovation with the compass and printing ◦ Neo-Confucianism combines both Buddhism and Confucianism ◦ Foot binding shows patriarchal society	81
5369526916	Yuan Dynasty	Mongol rule in China (civil service exam) (prejudice towards the Chinese )	82
5369530458	Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE)	- zheng - showed superiority and dominance of chinese w junks (ships) and influenced the indian ocean with the giraffe to the indian court - Kicked out the Mongols and Chinese culture reemerges	83
5369538555	Japan	- feudal state (decentralized) - Shinto- elements of buddhism and nature - Feudal Japan comparison to Feudal Europe comparison	84
5369544785	Shogun	in japan, held all the power while the Emperor was a figurehead	85
5369548887	japan class system	emperor (a figure head), shogun (holds the power), daimio, samurai, lesser samurai, peasants	86
5369558507	India	-Delhi Sultanate (unification of india, introduction of islam to hinduism) tax on non muslims, Jizah - Islamic rule in Northern India - Hinduism remains a constant especially in Southern India and acts as a glue to decentralization	87
5369560271	Delhi Sultanate	(unification of india, introduction of islam to hinduism)	88
5369564228	Jizah	tax on non muslims	89
5369571188	Mongol Must Know Information:	- Largest continuous land empire in world history - Facilitated the 3rd Golden Age of the Silk Road (Pax Mongolica- peace) - Religiously tolerant - Never took Japan, Egypt and India	90
5369575554	1200s mongols leader-	genghis kahn- had superial knowlege of horse (product of central asia)	91
5369582838	mongols	-borrowers never administrated (persia administrated) - promoted trade - pony express, stabilized the roads and created a safe trade network - rode 90 miles in a day, though romans 25-30 miles a day - rutheless	92
5369594822	Mongol Khanates	- Golden Horde- Russia mongols in russia created serfdom and developed differently than the rest of europe - Chagatai- Central Asia - Persian Ilkhanate -kill abassid caliphate in bagdad and mongols take over the area 800,000 people killed	93
5369603867	China- Yuan dynasty 1271-1368	- Forbade the Chinese from marrying Mongols and learning the Mongol language	94
5369608617	Mongols failed	to take japan w two attempts, mongols were powerful on land but not water.	95
5369613071	timur tamerlane	- mean - killed 17/20 million people - saw the decline of the silk road - built capital in samurkahn, currently Uzbekistan	96
5369618078	What region of Asia was most impacted by the exploits of Tamerlane (Timur the Lame)?	Persia- The Middle East was Tamerlane's empire during this time period.	97
5369623015	Due to the destructive nature of Tamerlane, what began to decline?	the Silk Road The Stability of the Silk Road was seriously questioned by his barbaric practices.	98
5369626384	Which one of the following statements is an accurate generalization about the Mongolian impact on China during the Yuan Dynasty?	the Mongols were forbidden to marry local Chinese Intermarriage between the Mongols and local Han was outlawed	99
5369629491	What region of Europe experienced the greatest impact of the Mongols?	Russia The impact the Golden Horde had upon Russia was not arrested until the reign of Peter the Great in the early 18th century.	100
5369631257	Japan and Egypt were similar in their relationship with the Mongols in that	they both successfully resisted Mongolian invasion The Mamluks in Egypt and the straits of Japan between Japan and China successfully prevented conquering by the Mongols.	101
5369637331	Two areas where Christianity remained	in Africa was Egypt and Ethiopia	102
5369639600	ethiopia, 1200s	king labile built a church out of rock to symbolize the song foundation christianity has	103
5369643163	African major products	gold and salt	104
5369645695	East Africa	- develops city states built on trade	105
5369648358	bantu migrations	- (iron, farming, language) - - bring language in sub saharan africa and east africa mixed with arabic merchants (swahili)	106
5369654572	Swahili is a mixture of Bantu and Arabic language	- Swahili city states thrived due to trade (gold, salt, ivory, slaves) - Kilwa, Mombasa, Sofala, Mozambique	107
5369657542	Trans Saharan trade	- Camel saddle in the 300's CE and the motivation of gold accelerated trade	108
5369661760	Sub Saharan Africa and move east	- Bantu migrations 2000 bce to 100ce - Iron technology, farming techniques, influence of language, family becomes more important - Stateless societies (kinship groups) - Diffusion of bananas from Malaysia increases population	109
5369667298	Ghana 800-1000ce	Islam (introduced to muslim merchants) and Gold	110
5369670367	Mali 1300s	- Sundiata - Mansa Musa ◦ Mosque at Jenne	111
5369673385	Mansa Musa-	made his pilgrimage in 1324 to mecca by crossing the saharan desert an egypt while throwing gold and using slave, inflating economy of kyro. brought back islamic scholars. went to mecca, came back, and built mali-mousque of jenne. (pilgrimage)	112
5369678841	Songhai islamic empire in sub saharan empire	- knocked out by moraccans w guns and muskets - Sonni Ali	113
5369681240	Americas	- (not connected w rest of the world) - Llama: only large domesticated beast of burden - Maya	114
5369684311	- Maya	- Warring city states - Tikal and Chichen Itza- knowledge of autonomy -hyroglyphs maya written language - sacraficed slaves - warring city states	115
5369692190	Aztec	- (central mexico north of mayans) - mexica -conqured people, allowed them to govern, and collected tribut (like mongols)	116
5369696621	reason why aztecs get conquered	- bc groups they conquered want to bring them down	117
5369702114	Capital Tenochtitlan	- (dynamic capital w reason for innovation) -modeled after to teotiwakan on a lake w developed agricultural teqnique called chinampas, so on water u can have extended land to base agriculture on	118
5369706752	aztec society military	- was highly prized woman who died during child birth were considered military warriors. -top of society, -religion poiltics and military all came into one,	119
5369711724	aztecs society	- the aztecs were a bloody society w sacrifice and victims came formal who were conquered in war - built dynamic roads (similarly to romans) - Expansionistic, warriors prized - Chinampas showed agriculture advancement - Like Mongols, collected tribute from conquered groups	120
5369721150	Incas	- (in peru and andes) - expansionistic (long empire) - built complex system of roads, great w bridges(engineering principal like romans), - terrorist farming(innovation like aztec china's), - polytheistic and sacrafice animals - Machu picchu incas in peru - mummified their leaders like Egyptians -they didn't have a written language - but had quipu	121
5369732576	Oceania	- Polynesian migrations (600 CE) not connected to global world - Fiji, Tahiti, Hawaii and New Zealand - agricultural based, fishing based, regional kingdoms, and had class systems - Regional kingdoms established	122
5369737743	Mayans	- warring city states, written language, Tikal and Chichen Itza Aztecs	123
5369739737	Tenochitilan	chinampas, expansionistic, borrowers	124
5369742370	Incas	-Peru, expansionistic, complex roads, terrace farming, no written language but the Quipu	125
5369747794	Trade	(america and oceana not involved) - Trans saharan trade: camel, camel sattle, gold, salt, ivory - The 3 Golden Ages of the silk roads: compass, gunpowder, paper, champa rice, silk, metallurgy rome and han -tang/song w middle east and abassid dynasty the pax monologic (mongols) - Indian OCEAN trade diffusion of ideas, mathematical concepts like zero, swahili language, latin sail, monsoons maritime travel	126
5369785058	The silk roads takes off bc	- of stable government (protection, taxation, and perserving/building roads), - empires in rome and han and the pantheon was in the middle of that -merchants, ideas, religions(buddhism, christianity and islam), diseases (black death), goods (silk from east asia, spices from southeast asia, pepper and cotton from south asia, precious metals from europe) -silk road is a long network of and trade routes	127
5369790220	goods along silk roads	goods (silk from east asia, spices from southeast asia, pepper and cotton from south asia, precious metals from europe)	128
5369793238	-silk road	is a long network of and trade routes	129
5369796296	change over time indian ocean:	- arab merchants dominate at first - indias central location always made them a dominant player - chinese come to dominate with zheng he europeans (technology) - dominate indian ocean trade at the end of this time period	130
5369803020	Hansiatic leauge in	northern Europe making dutch and el]ngligh powerful	131
5369805876	medditerainian trade connects	- africa to middle east to europe in excange of goods for technology and monetary systems - result in diffusion of goods lanuage and growth of cities	132
5369815660	diffusion is the result of	trade	133
5369820303	growth of cities tied to explosion in trade:	-Swahili city states; mobasa, Sofala, Kilwa - Constantinople - Venice - Cairo - Chang'an	134
5369829776	Trade explodes in this time period	Trans Saharan, Silk Road and Indian Ocean	135
5369834257	Reasons for trade expansion:	- Technological advancements (astrolabe, compass, lateen sail, camel saddle) - Monetary systems (credit)	136
5369840939	Results of trade:	- Diffusion of goods (salt, spices, precious metals, silk), religions, language, technologies and disease - Growth of cities like Swahili city states (Kilwa), Constantinople, Venice, Cairo, Chang'an	137
5369845077	Comparisons:	- Mongols with Aztecs(borrowers not administartors), - Mali(genghis kahn and Sundiata) Romans (Pax monologic w Pax romana facilitation of trade, gov endorses tarde), - Vikings (sea bases, land based) and Turks (nomadic, multi cultural and religiously tolerant) (turks unified w islam, mongols religiously tolerant) (turks land, mongols land) - Middle East with China (culture, technologies)	138
5369854651	live in	- middle eastern(algerba, universities, astrolabe, chess from india, soap, medical/surgical industriments) - china (gunpowder, printing, paper currency, porcelain, compass, chinese junks, iron manufacturing) - Japanese and European feudalism	139
5369865511	Ibn Battuta	early 1300s (non western traveler, from moracco, made pilgrimage to mecca, traveled 73,00 miles all throughout islamic empires he was a kati (islamic judge) and enforced shiria (islamic law) and wrote a book called the rila)	140
5369869925	Marco Polo	1200s (stayed w Kubalikahn kahn for 20 yrs, traveled along silk roads and wrote a book called traveles - inspires columbus and other europeans to explore the world)	141
5369872606	Xuanzang	(in china and a traveler, scholar monk who was passionate of buddhism and traveled 17 yrs to india to find scared text of the buddha)	142
5369885279	Religion	- Christianity(glue in western elope, decentralized but centralized thru the church) in decentralized western Europe - Hinduism in southern India - Confucian principles in China ( neo confucian ism and sivil service exam)	143
5369889895	Patriarchal societies	- Sati, foot binding(song dynasty), concubines, harems and veiling(middle east) - Africa most egalitarian	144
5369893614	Be familiar with maps and visuals of:	- Byzantine empire, feudal western Europe (decentralized), - Mongol empire(persia, central asia, china), - Dar Al Islam (north africa, into spain,across middle east , into india) - spread of the Black Death	145
5369905296	spread of buddhism, hinduism south east asia, christianity and islam into	southeast asia and indoneasia	146
5369907937	We can think of the Mongols and the Ottoman Turks as being multi-cultural in all of the following ways except	both learned the languages and adopted the cultural patterns of the civilizations they conquered The Mongols remained relatively aloof of the cultures they conquered. They forbade intermarriage between their cultures and they, as a group, neither learned the Chinese language nor permitted Chinese scholars from learning the Mongolian language, thus there was a definite distance between the conqueror and the conquered.	147
5369910998	In which city of the world in the year 1450 might you LEAST want to live if you wanted to take advantage of technological innovations?	Paris- Asia was the most innovative region in the world during his timeframe: Khanbalique is near present-day Beijing, Chang'an is present-day Tsian (perhaps the first city in the world to have a population in excess of a million), and Baghdad is in present-day Iraq. Paris, by contrast had a population of less than 25,000 during most of this time period	148
5369914765	From the beginning to beyond the end of this timeframe, the correct chronology of the people who would control trade in the Indian Ocean would be	-Arabs, Indians, Chinese, Europeans - During the 7th century the Muslims of Arabia controlled the region, followed by the Indian sailors, and then briefly by the Chinese. As this timeframe ended, the Europeans were beginning to demonstrate a dominance in the Indian Ocean.	149
5369919620	Which one of the following is most important to the perpetuation of healthy long- distance trade relations?	stable governments It was stable governments that ensured protection and maintenance of the roads.	150

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AP World History: Chapter 16 - The Two Worlds of Christendom Flashcards

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5743348470	Aegean Sea	- sea located between the mainlands of modern Greece and Turkey	0
5743367373	Constantinople	- imperial capital of the Roman empire; originally named Byzantion - "city of Constantine"	1
5743403759	Caesaropapism	- policy initiated by emperor Constantine whereby the emperor not only ruled as a secular lord but also played an active and prominent role in ecclesiastical affairs	2
5743420993	Justinian	- (reigned 527-565 CE) most important of early Byzantine emperors - energetic worker; called "the sleepless emperor" - born into a Macedonian peasant family - initiated building program and codified Roman law	3
5743420994	Theodora	- wife of emperor Justinian - daughter of bear keeper in a circus; originally worked as a striptease artist - great adviser and supporter to her husband	4
5743424070	Hagia Sophia	- most notable of Justinian's construction projects - "Holy Wisdom" - church with magnificent domed structure; important example of Christian architecture - later turned into a mosque by Ottoman conquerors	5
5743426241	Corpus Iuris Civilis	- "Body of the Civil Law" - Justinian's codification of Roman law	6
5743430655	Greek Fire	- highly effective incendiary weapon used by Byzantine forces	7
5743430656	Theme System	- staple of Byzantine society in which a general gains authority over a theme and assumes responsibility for its military defense and civil administration	8
5743430657	Theme	- imperial province put under the authority of a general	9
5743433322	Odoacer	- Germanic general - deposed the last of the western Roman emperors in 476 CE	10
5743434867	Franks	- most successful and most influential out of the Germanic peoples - conquered most of Roman Gaul and emerged as a preeminent military and political power in western Europe - converted to Christianity which brought allegiance of Christian population from former Roman empire and support from the Church	11
5743438500	Carolingian Dynasty	- Germanic dynasty that takes name from its founder, Charles; known as Charles Martel ("Charles the Hammer") due to his military prowess	12
5743438501	Charlemagne	- "Charles the Great"; grandson of Charles Martel - (reigned 768-814 CE); lead the Frankish realm to its highest point - temporarily reestablished centralized imperial rule - extended authority to northeastern Spain, Bavaria, and Italy; campaigned for 32 years to impose rule on Saxons of northern Germany	13
5743440461	Missi Dominici	- "envoys of the leader" - group of imperial officials designated by Charlemagne to keep counts under control - traveled annually to all jurisdictions and reviewed accounts of local authorities	14
5743442913	Louis the Pious	- (reigned 814-840 CE); Charlemagne's only surviving son - held empire together but lacked his father's strong will and military which caused him to lose control of local authorities - Louis's three sons disputed over inheritance of empire and divided it into 3 different kingdoms	15
5743442914	Magyars	- descendants of nomadic people from Hungary - invaders who came from the east - raided Germany, Italy, and southern France	16
5743442915	Vikings	- invaders from the north; most feared out of all invaders - group that raided the British Isles from their home in Vik in southern Norway - overtime the term began to refer to Norse mariners who mounted invasions and plundered settlements from Russia and eastern Europe to the Mediterranean	17
5743445225	The Papacy	- office or authority of the pope - survived collapse of western Roman empire; claimed continuing spiritual authority over all lands formerly embraced by the Roman empire	18
5743445226	Pope Gregory I	- (590-604 CE) individual most responsible for charting an independent course for the Roman church - also known as "Gregory the Great" - reasserted claims to papal primacy (notion that bishop of Rome was the ultimate authority for all the Christian church) - also made contributions as a theologian - emphasized the sacrament of penance which required individuals to confess their sins to their priests and atone for them by penitential acts	19
5743448480	Patriarch	- leader of Orthodox church - powerful officials but did not enjoy independence - followed traditions of caesaropapism - Byzantine emperors appointed patriarchs and instructed church officials	20
5743448481	Iconoclasm	- most divisive ecclesiastical policy implemented by Byzantine emperors - inaugurated by Emperor Leo III (reigned 717-741 CE) - worked to destroy religious icons because their veneration was considered sin	21
5743449837	Monasticism	- practice of adapting an ascetic lifestyle and living as a monk - grew out of efforts of devout individuals to lead especially holy lives	22
5743457011	St. Basil and St. Benedict	- two of the most important Byzantine Christian reformers - prepared regulations for monasteries emphasizing poverty, charity, and chastity	23
5749142525	Ascestism	- practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all indulgences	24
5743460914	St. Scholastica	- (482-543 CE); St. Benedict's sister - nun who provided guidance for the religious life of women living in convents	25
5743462215	Missionaries	- people seeking to spread their religions through traveling and introducing it to new lands	26
5743462216	Schism	- mutual excommunication of the Roman Pope and Byzantine Patriarch in 1054 over ritual, doctrinal, and political differences between the two churches	27
5749170878	Bezant	- Byzantine gold coin - served as the standard currency of the Mediterranean basin for more than half a millenium	28
5749181657	What were the three groups of invaders?	Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings	29
5749183408	When Constantinople fell to the Turks, what did they rename it?	Istanbul	30
5749192434	Why was western Europe unable to equal the economic activity of Byzantium?	Constant invasions undermined the economy	31
5749195217	Which peoples or empires constituted major threats to the Byzantine empire?	Sasanid Persia and the Slavs	32
5749201282	Which monastic practices were advocated by St. Basil and Benedict?	Communal living, celibacy, and meditation	33
5749205435	The adoption of which foods enriched the diet of medieval east Europeans?	Beans	34
5749208341	What was one of the major causes of population decline in Christendom in the fifth and sixth centuries?	Epidemic diseases	35
5749212571	How did the Byzantine population react the Emperor Leo III's ban on icons?	Protests and riots	36
5749218237	What made Byzantion an attractive site for the new Roman capital?	The eastern Mediterranean was the wealthiest and most productive part of the empire	37
5749230956	When was Byzantium the strongest?	When its large class of free peasants fluorished	38

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AP World History Period 6 Flashcards

The Newest Stage of World History: 1914-Present

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9951838219	Western Front	war line between Belgium and Switzerland during World War I; featured trench warfare and massive casualties among combatants	0
9951838220	Eastern Front	war zone from the Baltic to the Balkans where Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Russians, and Balkan nations fought	1
9951838221	Archduke Franz Ferdinand	Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne assassinated at Sarajevo in 1914; precipitated World War I	2
9951838222	Nicholas II	Russian tsar (r. 1894-1917); executed in 1918	3
9951838223	Gallipoli	World War I battle, 1915; unsuccessful attempt in defense of the Dardenelles	4
9951838224	Italian Front	war line between Italy and Austria-Hungary; also produced trench warfare	5
9951838225	Armenian genocide	launched by Young Turk leaders in 1915; claimed up to one million lives	6
9951838226	Submarine warfare	a major part of the German naval effort against the Allies during World War I; when employed against the US it precipitated American participation in the war	7
9951838227	Armistice	November 11, 1918 agreement by Germans to suspend hostilities	8
9951838228	Georges Clemenceau	French premier desiring harsher peace terms for Germans	9
9951838229	David Lloyd George	British prime minister; attempted to mediate at peace conference between Clemenceau and Wilson	10
9951838230	Woodrow Wilson	American president who called for self-determination and the League of Nations	11
9951838231	Treaty of Versailles	ended World War I; punished Germany with loss of territory and payment of reparations; did not satisfy any of the signatories	12
9951838232	League of Nations	international organization of nations created after World War I; designed to preserve world peace; the US never joined	13
9951838233	Indian National Congress	political party that grew from regional associations of Western-educated Indians in 1885; dominated by elites; was the principal party throughout the colonial period and after independence	14
9951838234	Morley-Minto Reforms	1909; provided Indians with expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and national legislative councils	15
9951838235	Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms	1919; increased national powers of Indian legislators and place provincial administrations under ministries controlled by Indian-elected legislatures	16
9951838236	Rowlatt Act	1919; placed severe restrictions on Indian civil rights; undercut impact of the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms	17
9951838237	M. K. Gandhi	Western-educated Indian lawyer and nationalist politician with many attributes of an Indian holy man; stressed nonviolent tactics and headed the movement for Indian independence	18
9951838238	Satyagraha	"truth force"; Gandhi's policy of nonviolent opposition to British rule	19
9951838239	Mustafa Kemal, Ataturk	president of Turkey (1923-1938); responsible for westernization of Turkey	20
9951838240	Effendi	prosperous business and professional urban Egyptian families; generally favored independence	21
9951838241	Dinshawi incident	1906 fracas between British soldiers and Egyptian villagers that resulted in an accidental death; Egyptian protest led to harsh repression that stimulated nationalist sentiment	22
9951838242	Mandates	governments entrusted to victorious European World War I nations over the colonies of the defeated powers	23
9951838243	Balfour Declaration	1917; British promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine	24
9951838244	Zionism	European Jewish movement of the 1860s and 1870s that argued that Jews return to their Holy Land; eventually identified with settlement in Palestine	25
9951838245	Theodor Hertzl	Austrian Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; was unsympathetic to Arabs and promoted Jewish immigration into Palestine to form a Jewish state	26
9951838246	Alfred Dreyfus	French Jew, falsely accused of treason in 1894; acquitted 1906; his false conviction fueled Zionism	27
9951838247	Wafd Party	Egyptian nationalist party founded after World War I; led by Sa'd Zaghlul; participated in the negotiations that led to limited Egyptian independence in 1922	28
9951838248	W.E.R. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey	African American leaders with major impact on rising African nationalism	29
9951838249	Negritude	literary movement among African Americans and Africans; sought to combat unfavorable stereotypes of African culture and to celebrate African achievements; influenced early African nationalist movements	30
9951838250	Kellogg-Briand Pact	1928; a multnation treaty, sponsored by American and French leaders, that outlawed war	31
9951838251	Cubist movement	headed by Pablo Picasso; rendered familiar objects as geometrical shapes	32
9951838252	Fascism	political ideology that became predominant in Italy under Benito Mussolini during the 1920s; attacked the weakness of democracy and the corruption and class conflict of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs	33
9951838253	Syndicalism	organization of industrial workers to control the means of production and distribution	34
9951838254	Mexican Revolution	1910-1920; civil war; challenged Porio Diaz in 1910 and initiated a revolution after losing fraudulent elections	35
9951838255	Pancho Villa	Mexican revolutionary leader in northern Mexico after 1910	36
9951838256	Emilliano Zapata	Mexican revolutionary commander of a guerrilla movement centered at Morelos; demanded sweeping land reform	37
9951838257	Mexican Constitution of 1917	promised land and educational reform, limited foreign ownership, guaranteed rights for workers, and restricted clerical education and proprerty ownership; never fully implemented	38
9951838258	Lazaro Cardenas	Mexican president (1934-1940); responsible for large land redistribution to create communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education	39
9951838259	Corridos	popular ballads written to celebrate heroes of the Mexican Revolution	40
9951838260	Cristeros	conservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; a reaction against secularism	41
9951838261	Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI)	inclusive Mexican political party developing from the 1920s; rued for the rest of the 20th century	42
9951838262	Soviet	council of workers; seized the government of St. Petersburg in 1917 to precipitate the Russian Revolution	43
9951838263	Aleksander Kerensky	liberal revolutionary leader during the early stages of the Russian Revolution of 1917; attempted development of parliamentary rule, but supported continuance of the war against Germany	44
9951838264	Russian Communist Party	Bolshevik wing of the Russian socialists; came to power under Lenin in the November 1917 revolution	45
9951838265	Council of People's Commissars	government council composed of representatives from Russian soviets and headed by Lenin; came to power after November 1917	46
9951838266	Red Army	built up under the leadership of Leon Trotsky; its victories secured communist power after the early years of turmoil following the Russian Revolution	47
9951838267	New Economic Policy (NEP)	initiated in 1921 by Lenin; combined the state establishing basic economic policies with individual initiative; allowed food production to recover	48
9951838268	Supreme Soviet	communist-controlled parliament of the USSR	49
9951838269	Comintern	Communist International; an organization under dominance of the USSR; designed to encourage the spread of communism to the rest of the world	50
9951838270	Joseph Stalin	Lenin's successor as leader of the USSR; strong nationalist view of communism; crushed opposition to his predominance; ruled USSR until his death in 1953	51
9951838271	Collectivization	creation of large state-run farms replacing individual holdings; allowed mechanization of agriculture and more efficient control over peasants	52
9951838272	Yuan Shikai	warlord in northern China after fall of the Qing dynasty; president of China in 1912; hoped to become emperor, but blocked in 1916 by Japanese intervention in China	53
9951838273	Sun Yatsen	head of Revolutionary Alliance that led the 1911 revolt against the Qing; president of China in 1911, but yielded to Yuan Shikai in 1912; created the Guomindang in 1919	54
9951838274	May Fourth Movement	acceptance at Versailles of Japanese gains in China during World War I led to demonstrations and the beginning of a movement to create a liberal democracy	55
9951838275	Guomindang (National Party)	founded by Sun Yatsen in 1919; main support from urban businesspeople and merchants; dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 1925	56
9951838276	Chiang Kai-shek	leader of the Guomindang from 1925; contested with the communists for control of China until defeated in 1949	57
9951838277	Mao Zedong	communist leader who advocated the role of the peasantry in revolution; led the Communists to victory and ruled China from 1949 to 1976	58
9951838278	Long March	Communist retreat under Guomindang pressure in 1934; shifted center of communist power to Shanxi province	59
9951838279	Totalitarian State	a 20th century form of government that exercised direct control over all aspects of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and other Communist states	60
9951838280	Spanish Civil War	civil war between republican and autocratic supporters; with support from Germany and Italy,the autocratic regime of Francisco Franco triumphed	61
9951838281	Import substitution economies	Latin American and other nations' effort to produce what had formerly been imported	62
9951838282	Corporatism	conservative political movement emphasizing the organic nature of society, with the state as mediator between different groups	63
9951838283	Tojo Hideki	Japanese general who dominated internal politics from the mid-1930s; gave the military dominance over civilian cabinets	64
9951838284	Spanish Civil War	civil war between republican and autocratic supporters; with support from Germany and Italy, the autocratic regime of Francisco Franco triumphed	65
9951838285	National Socialist (Nazi) Party	founded by Adolf Hitler in the period of the Great Depression in Germany	66
9951838286	Blitzkrieg	German term meaning lightening warfare; involved rapid movement of troops and tanks	67
9951838287	Vichy	collaborationist French government established in Vichy in 1940 following defeat by Germany	68
9951838288	Winston Churchill	British prime minister during World War II; exemplified British determination to resist Germany	69
9951838289	Holocaust	Germany's attempted extermination of European Jews and others; 12 million, including 6 million Jews, died	70
9951838290	United Nations	global organization, founded by the Allies following World War II	71
9951838291	Tehran Conference	1944; meeting between the leaders of Britain, the US, and the Soviet Union; decided to open a new front against Germany in France; gave the Russians a free hand in eastern Europe	72
9951838292	Yalta Conference	1945; agreed upon Soviet entry into the war against Japan, organization of the United Nations; left eastern Europe to the Soviet Union	73
9951838293	Potsdam Conference	1945; meeting between the leaders of the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union; allies accepted Soviet control of eastern Europe; Germany and Austria were divided among the victors	74
9951838294	Atlantic Charter	1941; pact between the US and Britain; gave Britain a strong ally; in return the document contained a clause recognizing the right of all people to select their own government	75
9951838295	Quit India movement	mass civil disobedience campaign against British rule of India in 1942	76
9951838296	Muslim League	Indian organization that emerged at the end of World War II; backed Britain in the war	77
9951838297	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Muslim Indian nationalist; leader of the Muslim League; worked for a separate Muslim state; first president of Pakistan	78
9951838298	Land Freedom Army	African revolutionary movement for reform of Kenyan colonial system; began a conflict in 1952; called the Mau Mau by the British	79
9951838299	National Liberation Front (FLN)	Algerian nationalist movement that launched a guerrilla war during the 1950s; gained independence for Algeria in 1962	80
9951838300	Afrikaner National Party	became the majority in the all-white South African legislature in 1948; worked to form the rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid	81
9951838301	Cold War	struggle from 1945 to 1989 between the communist and democratic worlds; ended with the collapse of Russia	82
9951838302	Eastern bloc	the eastern European countries of Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and Eastern Germany dominated by the Soviet Union during the cold war	83
9951838303	Iron Curtain	term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the division between the Western and communist nations	84
9951838304	Marshall Plan	1947 United States program to rebuild Europe and defeat domestic communist movements	85
9951838305	North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)	formed in 1949 under US leadership to group Canada and western Europe against the Soviets	86
9951838306	Warsaw Pact	the Soviet response to NATO; made up of Soviets and their European satellites	87
9951838307	Welfare state	Great Depression-inspired system that increased government spending to provide social insurance and stimulate the economy	88
9951838308	Technocrat	a new type of bureaucrat trained in the sciences or economics and devoted to the power of national planning; rose to importance in governments after World War II	89
9951838309	Green movement	rise during the 1970s in Europe of groups hostile to uncontrolled economic growth	90
9951838310	Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan	conservative leaders of the 1970s and 1980s; worked to cut welfare and to promote free enterprise; Cold Warriors	91
9951838311	European Union	began by six nations as the European Economic Community (Commons Market); by the 21st century incorporated most of western European states and was expanding eastward	92
9951838312	New feminism	a wave of agitation for women's rights dating from about 1949; emphasized equality between sexes	93
9951838313	Solidarity	Polish labor movement beginning in the 1970s, taking control of the country from the Soviet Union	94
9951838314	Socialist realism	Soviet effort to replace Western literature and arts with works glorifying state-approved achievements by the masses	95
9951838315	Third World	term for nations not among the capitalist industrial nations of the first world or the industrialized communist nations of the second world	96
9951838316	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)	agreement between the US, Mexico, and Canada that lowered trade barriers	97
9951838317	Liberation theology	combination of Roman Catholic and socialist principles aiming to improve the lives of the poor	98
9951838318	Banana republics	conservative, often dictatorial, Latin American governments friendly to the US; exported tropical products	99
9951838319	Good Neighbor Policy	introduced by US president Franklin Roosevelt in 1933 to deal fairly, without intervention, with Latin American states	100
9951838320	Alliance for Progress	1961 US programs for economic development of Latin America	101
9951838321	Indira Gandhi	Prime Minister of India (1966-1977, 1980-1984); daughter of former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru; dominated Indian politics for several decades	102
9951838322	Primary products	food or industrial crops with a high demand in industrialized economies; their prices tend to fluctuate widely	103
9951838323	Neocolonialism	continued dominance of new nations by their former rulers	104
9951838324	Gamal Abdul Nasser	member of the Free Officers Movement who seized power in Egypt in a 1952 military coup; became leader of Egypt; formed a state-directed reforming regime; ousted Britain from the Suez Canal in 1956; most reforms were unsuccessful	105
9951838325	Anwar Sadat	successor of Nasser as Egypt's ruler; dismantled Nasser's costly and failed programs; signed peace treaty with Israel in 1973; assassinated by a Muslim fundamentalist	106
9951838326	Ayatollah Khomeini	religious leader of Iran following the 1979 revolution; worked for fundamentalist Islamic religious reform and elimination of Western influences	107
9951838327	Apartheid	Afrikaner policy of racial segregation in South Africa designed to create full economic, social, and political exploitation of African majority	108
9951838328	Homelands	areas in South Africa for residence of "tribal" African peoples; overpopulated and poverty-stricken; source of cheap labor for whites	109
9951838329	African National Congress (ANC)	South African political organization founded to defend African interests; became the ruling political party after the 1994 elections	110
9951838330	Nelson Mandela	ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected president of South Africa in 1994	111
9951838331	F.W. de Klerk	South African president (1989-1994); led Afrikaner push for reforms ending apartheid; Nelson Mandela was freed in his presidency	112
9951838332	Douglas MacArthur	American commander during the war against Japan; headed American occupation government of Japan after the war; commanded United Nations forces during the Korean War	113
9951838333	Liberal Democratic Party	moderate political party that monopolized Japanese governments from 1955 into the 1990s	114
9951838334	Republic of Korea	southern half of Korea occupied by the US after World War II; developed parliamentary institutions under authoritarian rulers; underwent major industrial and economic growth after the 1950s	115
9951838335	Democratic People's Republic of Korea	northern half of Korea dominated by USSR after World War II; formed a communist dictatorship under Kim Il-Song; attacked South Korea to begin the Korean War	116
9951838336	Mass Line	economic policy of Mao Zedong inaugurated in 1955; led to formation of agricultural cooperatives that then became farming collectives in 1956; peasants lost land gained a few years earlier	117
9951838337	Great Leap Forward	economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958; proposed small-scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities; led to economic disaster and ended in 1960	118
9951838338	People's Liberation Army	military, and dominant, arm of the communist structure in China	119
9951838339	Cultural Revolution	initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 to restore his dominance oveer the pragmatists; disgraced and even killed bureaucrats and intellectuals; called off in 1968	120
9951838340	Jiang Qing	wife of Mao Zedong; one of the Gang of Four; opposed pragmatists and supported the Cultural Revolution; arrested and imprisoned for life in 1976	121
9951838341	Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, and Liu Shaoqui	pragmatists who opposed the Great Leap Forward; wanted to restore state direction ad market incentives at the local level	122
9951838342	Red Guard	student brigades active during the Cultural Revolution in supporting Mao Zedong's policies	123
9951838343	Gang of Four	Jiang Qing and her allies who opposed the pragmatists after the death of Mao Zedong	124
9951838344	Tayson Rebellion	peasant revolution in southern Vietnam during the 1770s; toppled the Nguyen and the Trinh dynasties	125
9951838345	Nguyen Anh (Gia Long)	with French support, unified Vietnam under the Nguyen dynasty in 1802 with the capital at Hue	126
9951838346	Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD)	middle-class revolutionary organization during the 1920s; committed to the violent overthrow of French colonialism; crushed by the French	127
9951838347	Communist Party of Vietnam	the primary nationalist party after the defeat of the VNQDD in 1929; led from 1920s by Ho Chi Minh	128
9951838348	Ho Chi Minh	shifted to a revolution based on the peasantry in the 1930s; presided over the defeat of France in 1954 and the unsuccessful US intervention in Vietnam	129
9951838349	Viet Minh	Communist Vietnamese movement; fought the Japanese during World War II and the French afterwards	130
9951838350	Viet Cong	the communist guerrilla movement in southern Vietnam during the Vietnamese War	131
9951838351	Mikhail Gorbachev	leader of the USSR (1985-1991); inaugurated major reforms that led to the disintegration of the communist regime	132
9951838352	Glasnost	term meaning openness; Gorbachev policy opening the opportunity to criticize the government	133
9951838353	Perestroika	term meaning economic restructuring; Gorbachev policy for the economic rebuilding of the USSR by allowing more private ownership and decentralized economic control	134
9951838354	Globalization	the increasing interconnectedness of all parts of the world; opposed by many environmental and social justice groups	135
9951838355	Multinational corporations	business organizations with connections across political borders	136

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AP World History Chapter 13 Flashcards

Test 2/22/18

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9035275532	Medicine, spice, sweetener, preservative, high-status decoration	uses of sugar	0
9059072864	Mapmaking, navigation, sailing techniques, ship design	4 European innovations that aided their exploration	1
9041809443	Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands	Five European countries which explored and settled in the Americas	2
9042092456	Hernan Cortez	Conqueror of the Aztecs	3
9042092457	Moctezuma II	Last native ruler of the Aztecs	4
9042092458	Pizarro	Conqueror of the Incas	5
9042092459	Atahualpa	Last native ruler of the Incas	6
9042092460	Smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria, yellow fever	European diseases which decimated native populations in the New World	7
9042092461	Little Ice Age	Period of unusually cool temperatures in the early modern period, most prominently in the northern hemisphere	8
9042092462	Crops, plants, animals, people, diseases	What was exchanged between the old and new world during the Columbian Exchange?	9
9042092463	Horses, pigs, cattle, goats, sheep	Old World animals introduced to the New World	10
9042092464	Corn, potatoes, cassava, sweet potatoes, peanuts	New world crops that Europeans learned about	11
9042092465	Tobacco, chocolate	Non-food crops that Europeans learned about from the New World	12
9042092466	Silver	Precious metal mined in Mexico and Peru which propelled global commerce	13
9042092467	Slaves	Workers which Europeans brought to New World colonies	14
9042092468	Industrial	Wealth supplied by the New World colonies enabled this type of revolution in Europe	15
9042092469	Mercantilism	Prevailing economic theory of the time which said that accumulation of precious metals was the source of national prosperity	16
9042092470	Agriculture and mining	The economic foundation for a colonial society	17
9042092471	Encomienda	The process of granting native workers and land to a Spanish settler who was to provide protection for those natives and Christian instruction	18
9042092472	Repartimento	Labor required from native workers, usually in the mines	19
9042092473	Hacienda	Estate on which owner employed native workers	20
9042092474	Peons	Native workers	21
9042092475	Creoles	Spanish born in the Americas who were second in the colonial social system	22
9042092476	Peninsulares	Spanish who were born in Spain but ruled the colonies	23
9042092477	Mestizos	Mixed race population: Europeans with natives	24
9042092478	Indians	at the bottom of colonial society	25
9042092479	Sugar	Major crop of the Caribbean and Brazil	26
9035275533	Slaves	Used to produce sugar	27
9035275534	Mulattoes	Of European and African ancestry	28
9035275535	Tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo	Major crops raised by slave labor in British North America	29
9035275536	Less	Did the British colonies produce more or less racial mixing?	30
9035275537	No	Was the church as important in the British colonies as it was in Latin America?	31
9035275538	British	Who had more self-government—British or Latin American colonies?	32
9035275539	Fur	Soft gold of Siberia	33
9035275540	Yasak	Russian word for tribute which they demanded of Siberia	34
9035275541	Tax breaks, tribute exemption, land, cash	Offers made to Siberians to encourage them to convert to Christianity	35
9035275542	agriculture, valuable furs, mineral deposits	Three advantages that made Russia one of the great powers of Europe	36
9035275543	Peter the Great	Ruler of Russia known for his westernization programs	37
9035275544	Shave beards, dance, smoke, clothing, improve military, improve education, industrialization	Methods that Peter the Great used in the westernization process	38
9035275545	St Petersburg	New capital of Russia	39
9035275546	Window on the West	nickname of St. Petersburg, the new capital of Russia	40
9035275547	Soviet Union; 1991	Russian empire that lasted until its collapse; give the year	41
9035275548	Qing Dynasty	Last Chinese dynasty(1644-1912)	42
9035275549	Manchus	Ethnic group in charge of the Qing dynasty	43
9035275550	Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet	Territories that Manchus added to China establishing the boundaries it has today	44
9035275551	East	Direction that the Russian empire expanded	45
9035275552	Treaty of Nerchinsk	This treaty established the boundary between China and Russia	46
9035275553	Military	Chinese used new people as a source for this	47
9035275554	Hinduism	Religion of most of the Indian people during the Mughal Empire	48
9035275555	Islam	Religion of the minority in the Mughal empire	49
9035275556	Akbar	most famous Mughal ruler	50
9035275557	Child marriages, sati	2 things Akbar discouraged	51
9035275558	Yes	Was Akbar known for religious toleration?	52
9035275559	House of Worship	Temple that Akbar built	53
9035275560	Aurangzeb	Mughal emperor who sought to impose Islamic supremacy	54
9035275561	Gambling, drinking, prostitution, narcotics	4 vices that Aurangzeb suppressed	55
9035275562	Britain	Opposition to Aurangzeb's rule opened the way for this country to take over India	56
9035275563	Ottoman Empire	Empire which was the most significant Islamic empire at the time	57
9035275564	Turks	Ethnic group that established the Ottoman Empire	58
9035275565	Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem	Holy cities of Islam that the Turks protected	59
9035275566	Sunni	version of Islam followed by the Ottoman Empire	60
9035275567	Shia	Version of Islam followed by the Safavids against whom the Ottomans fought	61
9035275568	Istanbul	New name given to Constantinople in 1453	62
9035275569	Balkans	Southeastern Europe was called this	63
9035275570	Devshirme	Ottoman authorities took young Christian boys into the service of the state	64
9035275571	Terror of the Turks	The closeness of the Ottoman Empire made Europeans fear this	65

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AP World History extra terms Flashcards

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9902459407	Lydians	Western Turkey empire, 1200 BCE to 600 BCE	0
9902459408	Akkadians	Fertile Crescent empire, 2334 BC to 2154 BC	1
9902466547	Assyrians	Upper Fertile Crescent, 2500 BCE to 609 BCE	2
9902979073	helots	Class of serfs in Sparta, intermediate in rank between a slave and a citizen	3
9903067811	Teutons	Possible Germanic tribe located around Jutland or somewhere in Scandinavia	4
9913718262	corvée system	Unpaid, unfree labor that is intermittent in nature and limited in time; usually with regards to peasant farmers who occasionally submit to a feudal lord, or to state that require general citizens to contribute to public works projects	5
9913987879	Zhang Qian	Han dynasty diplomat under Emperor Wu of Han; travelled the Silk Road and spent a lot of time in Central Asia	6
9914288143	Helsinki Accords	Final part of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe; signed by all European countries (except Albania and Andorra), Russia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, Turkey, the United States, and Canada; attempted to improve relations and cooperation between the communist bloc and the West	7
9914343370	historiography	The study of how historical accounts are produced	8
9914350795	Celts	Iron Age/Medieval peoples of western Europe and the British Isles	9
9914350796	Scythians	Group of Iranian nomads who inhabited the area west of the Black Sea from the 9th to the 1st centuries BCE	10
9914487057	sakk	Predecessor to a check; credit instrument used by many Arab institutions long ago	11
9915145838	Jan Hus	Central figure of the Bohemian Reformation, a key predecessor to the Protestant Reformation; Czech in origin	12
9925676889	Battle of Talas	Battle between the Abbasids and Tibetans on one side and the Tang Dynasty under Emperor Xuanzong on the other; the Abbasid victory marked the end of Tang expansionism to the west	13
9925682285	huaca	Inca holy site or revered object	14
9926647347	Razin Rebellion	Example of peasant revolt against aristocracy during the century; from 1670 to 1671, Stepan _________ revolted against boyars and administrators in the Duchy of Muscovy along the Volga River; claimed to be doing the tsar a favor by removing corruption	15
9926677132	Cripps Mission	Headed by Sir Stafford __________ of the United Kingdom in 1942; intended to secure full Indian support for the World War II effort; failure resulted in the Quit India Movement and the subsequent crackdown and jailing of various Indian leaders	16
9928549885	Franco-Prussian War	War in 1870 and 1871 between the French and Germans; German victory resulted in the fall of the French Second Empire under Napoleon III, the creation of the French 3rd Republic, and the unification of the German states into the German Empire under Otto von Bismarck's guidance	17
9928667173	devshirme	The practice of forcibly recruiting Christian boys from the Balkans region, converting them to Christianity, and putting them through a series of examinations to determine their place in the Ottoman elites; used to create the Janissaries	18
9929087354	Darfur	Region of western Sudan suppressed and mistreated by Sudanian government; result of ethnic differences (people of this region are Blacks as opposed to the Sudanians, who view themselves as Arabs even though they are not technically Arab)	19
9932879480	Janjaweed	Militia that attacks the people of Darfur	20
9932900788	Green Belt Movement	Major ecological movement in Kenya	21
9935636664	Mukden Incident	1931 incident where Japan staged the bombing of a railway that they had built in Manchuria as an excuse for the invasion of Manchuria; provided pretext for the Second Sino-Japanese War	22
9935682516	Molotov Plan	Plan named for the Soviet foreign minister immediately before, during, and after World War II; served as a counterweight to the Marshall Plan in eastern Europe	23
9935689612	National Security Report 68	Secret policy paper of the United States that set up a plan to militarize the United States and her western Allies during the Truman administration	24
9935967364	Bretton Woods Conference	aka UN Monetary and Financial Conference; meeting between the 44 Allied nations to discuss the international monetary and financial order after World War II	25
9938158340	Atahuallpa	Last leader of the Incas; defeated and killed by Francisco Pizarro	26
9952346117	Royal Road	Built by Darius the Great to promote transportation and communication through the Persian Empire; also considered part of the Silk Road	27
9952346118	satraps	Provincial governor in the ancient Persian empire	28
9952347592	qanats	Underground irrigation canals associated with Persia; spread to Arabic world	29
9952367354	Delian League	Alliance formed by Greek city states in response to Persian invasion under Xerxes	30
9952384328	equal-field system	Land ownership and distribution policy under the Sui and Tang dynasties	31
9952400947	Pax Romana	Term for period of peace brought on by Roman Empire's control	32
9952402859	Pax Mongolica	Term created by historians as analog to Pax Romana, except during the Mongol Empire	33
9952407955	yassa law	Law code of Genghis Khan instituted by Mongols	34
9952430346	Edict of Milan	Edict that established Christianity as Roman religion under Constantine	35
9952436502	Council of Trent	1545 meeting crucial to the Catholic Reformation (aka counter-reformation) that established what was heresy, what were the doctrines of the church, and made the courts of the Inquisition	36
9952449534	pashas	Nobles in the Ottoman Empire	37
9952463273	John Stewart Mill	Liberal utilitarian who believed that a bit of socialism mixed in with capitalism will maximize a society's utility	38
9952474281	Luddism	Movement that rejected industrialization; often destroyed machinery in protests to make point	39
9952477743	Jacobins	Radical group among the French Revolutionary government	40
9952515940	Munich Pact	Agreement signed between Neville Chamberlain (UK) and Adolf Hitler (Germany) to appease Hitler and allow him to annex the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia; it was (wrongly) hoped that would quench Hitler's thirst for more land	41
9952553253	Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)	Two sets of talks between the USSR and the US to limit the amount of strategic nuclear weapons available to both countries; froze the number of nuclear launch capable devices such as missiles and launchers, and sought to reduced nuclear weapons' manufacture	42
9952557119	detente	A period a relaxed relations between two countries; used especially during the Cold War under the Nixon administration; continued through Ford and Carter administrations but ended with Reagan administration	43
9952563650	Nikolae Ceausescu	Romanian Communist dictator known for brutal authoritarianism; killed by a quick, bloody revolt in 1989 that ended Communism in Romania	44
9952594138	Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)	Two treaties between Russia and the US, to reduce the amount of nuclear and strategic weapons to a certain level	45
9952609860	Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)	Treaty that ended short and intermediate range ballistic missiles capable of delivering strategic or nuclear warheads	46
9964230264	Red Turban Rebellion	Rebellion started by the White Lotus Society to overthrow the Mongol Yuan dynasty	47
9965082710	morley minto reforms		48

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AP World History Exam Flashcards

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7232756843	Hittites	ancient Anatolian empire around 1600 BC, known for their early use of iron	0
7232756844	Kush	ancient African Nubian kingdom situated south of Ancient Egypt	1
7232756845	Neo-Assyiran Empire	Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, in existence between 911 and 612 BC	2
7232756846	Diaspora	a scattered population - if capitalized, it refers to the expulsion of Jews from Judea	3
7232756847	Minoan civilization	Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete / Greece	4
7232756848	Mycenaean civilization	the first advanced civilization in mainland Greece (later than Minoans)	5
7232756849	Srivijaya	city-state in Sumatra, Indonesia - important center for the expansion of Buddhism (8th to the 12th century)	6
7232756850	Gupta Empire	ancient Indian empire, from approx. 320 to 550 CE - Golden Age of India	7
7232756851	Mauryan Empire	large ancient Indian empire, from 322-185 BCE	8
7232756852	Mahayana Buddhism	main branch of Buddhism, seeking complete enlightenment	9
7232756853	Theravada Buddhism	branch of Buddhism based on the Pāli Canon, a collection of the oldest recorded Buddhist texts - dominant in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand	10
7232756854	Zoroastrianism	monotheistic Religion in Ancient Persia	11
7232756855	satrap	provincial governor in the ancient Persian empire	12
7232756856	polis	Greek city state	13
7232756857	hoplite	heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece	14
7232756858	oligarchy	a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution	15
7232756859	equites	a class of citizens who originally formed the cavalry of the Roman army and at a later period were a wealthy class of great political importance	16
7232756860	Third Century Crisis	(AD) period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed (invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression)	17
7232756861	Charlemagne	Christian emperor, crowned in 800 CE, unified central Europe after migration period	18
7232756862	three-field system	crop rotation system in feudal Europe	19
7232756863	Hadith	Islam - collection of teachings of Mohammed	20
7232756864	Umayyad Caliphate	the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad	21
7232756865	Abbasid Caliphate	the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad	22
7232756866	stirrup	gives greater stability to a rider, very significant invention in the history of warfare, prior to gunpowder	23
7232756867	Bantu Migration	series of migrations of the Bantu people from the Congo area to present day Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania (Bantu languages)	24
7232756868	Tang Dynasty	imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907 - major influence on Korea and Japan, gun-powder was invented	25
7232756869	Jurchen/Jin Empire	non-Chinese people living in the northeast of China, conquered northern China and founded the Jin dynasty (1115-1234)	26
7232756870	Koryo	dynasty that ruled the Korean peninsula as the Koryŏ kingdom from 935 to 1392	27
7232756871	Timur	also known as Tamerlane, was a Turco-Mongol conqueror and the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia	28
7232756872	Ibn Khaldun	Arab Muslim historiographer and historian, regarded to be among the founding fathers of modern sociology, historiography, demography, and economics	29
7232756873	Nasir al-Din Tusi	Persian polymath (writer, architect, astronomer, biologist, chemist, mathematician, philosopher, ...)	30
7232756874	Yongle	the third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, initiated the construction of Zheng He's treasure fleet in 1403	31
7232756875	Kangxi	fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, longest reigning emperor (61 years), blocked Tsarist Russia on the Amur River and expanded the empire in the northwest	32
7232756876	Kamikaze	(in World War II) a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target	33
7232756877	Ashikaga Shogunate	dynasty originating from one of the plethora of Japanese daimyo which governed Japan from 1338 to 1573	34
7232756878	Tokugawa Shogunate	also known as Edo, last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 1867	35
7232756879	Delhi Sultanate	various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India (1210-1526)	36
7232756880	Great Zimbabwe	capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe during the country's Late Iron Age (11th - 15th century CE)	37
7232756881	janissaries	elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and bodyguards	38
7232756882	Suleiman the Magnificent	longest-reigning Great Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566 - was called the "Law Giver" due to many reforms, formed an alliance with France	39
7232756883	devshirme	also known as the blood tax, practice by which the Ottoman Empire took boys, sons of their Christian subjects, converted them to Islam and trained them for the military or civil service, notably into the Janissaries	40
7232756884	Safavids	one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia, often considered the beginning of modern Persian history (gunpowder empire)	41
7232756885	Cossacks	group of predominantly East Slavic-speaking people who became known as members of democratic, self-governing, semi-military communities, predominantly located in Russia and in Ukraine	42
7232756886	Hanseatic League	commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns - dominated Baltic maritime trade (c. 1400-1800	43
7232756887	Olmecs	first major civilization in Mexico dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE, known for the colossal head sculptures	44
7232756888	Chavin	prehistoric culture in Peru	45
7232756889	verticality (economics)	relating to or involving all stages from production to sale:	46
7232756890	Wari / Tiwanaku	political formation that emerged around AD 600 in the central highlands of Peru and lasted for about 500 years, to 1100 AD	47
7232756891	mit'a	mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire - it was modified and intensified by the Spanish colonial government, creating the encomienda system	48
7232756892	ayllu	traditional form of a community in the Andes, especially among Quechuas and Aymaras	49
7232756893	Moche	civilization that flourished in northern Peru from about 100 AD to 800 AD - more like city states rather than an empire	50
7232756894	chinampas	type of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico	51
7232756895	caravel	small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries	52
7232756896	Atahualpa	last Inca king emperor, overthrown by Spanish conquistador Pizzaro	53
7232756897	Moctezuma	last Aztec emperor, overthown by Spanish conquistador Cortès	54
7232756898	Jesuits	members of a Roman Catholic order of priests founded by St. Ignatius Loyola in 1534 to do missionary work	55
7232756899	Edict of Nantes	granted in 1598 the Calvinist Protestants of France (Huguenots) substantial rights	56
7232756900	King Louis XIV	"le Roi-Soleil", his reign was characterized by a magnificent court, the expansion of French influence, and the establishment of overseas colonies	57
7232756901	Nicholas Copernicus	Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe	58
7232756902	Council of Indies	most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire for the Americas and Asia	59
7232756903	Bartolome de las Casas	16th-century Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar - the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians"	60
7232756904	Potosi	one of the highest cities in the world (13,420 ft) - for centuries, it was the location of the Spanish colonial mint	61
7232756905	encomienda	the system, instituted in 1503, under which a Spanish soldier or colonist was granted a tract of land or a village together with its Indian inhabitants	62
7232756906	mita	forced-labor draft imposed by the Spaniards on the indigenous inhabitants of Peru	63
7232756907	Rebellion of Tupac Amaru II	uprising of native and mestizo peasants against the Bourbon reforms in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru	64
7232756908	indentured servant	a person who is bound to work for another for a specified period of time, esp. such a person who came to America during the colonial period.	65
7232756909	Iroquois Confederacy	alliance of five, later six, American Indian tribes—the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora—located in modern-day New York state	66
7232756910	plantocracy	a population of planters regarded as the dominant class, especially in the West Indies	67
7232756911	manumission	the act of a slave owner freeing his or her slaves	68
7232756912	Great Circuit	Trade Route from Europe to Africa, Africa to Americas, Americas to Europe	69
7232756913	Toussaint L'Ouverture	Leader in the Haitian revolution	70
7232756914	Agricultural Revolution (modern era)	an increase in agricultural productivity in Great Britain which helped drive the Industrial Revolution	71
7232756915	Adam Smith	economist and author of "The Wealth of Nations", which many consider the single most important economic work in history	72
7232756916	Thomas Malthus	18th-century British philosopher and economist famous for his ideas about population growth	73
7232756917	Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo	peace treaty between the USA and the Mexican Republic, signed in 1848	74
7232756918	Zulus	People in Southeast Africa - fought war with Boers	75
7232756919	Tanzimat	series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that brought the culture, education, religion and society more in line with Europe and the United States and western ways	76
7232756920	Victorian Age	19th century England during reign of Queen Victoria	77
7232756921	separate spheres	ideology that defines and prescribes separate spheres for women and men - emerged as a distinct ideology during the Industrial Revolution, although the basic idea is much older	78
7232756922	Otto von Bismark	19th century Germany chancellor	79
7232756923	Battle of Omdurman	British army defeated the Sudanese army in 1898 - demonstration of the superiority of a modern European army over a vastly larger force armed with older weapons	80
7232756924	Afrikaners	South Africans of Dutch decent	81
7232756925	Boer War (South African War)	Wars between the Boers an the English in South Africa	82
7232756926	Asante	nation and ethnic group native to Ashanti in modern-day Ghana	83
7232756927	Emilio Aguinaldo	Filipino revolutionary, politician, and a military leader who is officially recognized as the First President of the Philippines (1899-1901)	84
7232756928	Queen Liliuokalani	last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii	85
7232756929	Balfour Declaration	Confirming support from the British government for the establishment in Palestine of a "national home" for the Jewish people	86
7232756930	Guomindang / Kuomintang	Chinese National Party	87
7232756931	Kemal Ataturk	Turkish revolutionary and the first President of Turkey, credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey (1919)	88
7232756932	Munich Conference	settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia	89
7232756933	Haile Selassie	Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1974	90
7232756934	African National Congress	ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa on the national level since 1994, including the election of Nelson Mandela as president from 1994-1999	91
7232756935	Indian National Congress	one of two major political parties in India (the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party) - founded in 1885 during the British Raj	92
7232756936	Jawaharlal Nehru	first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence	93

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AP World History FlashCards Flashcards

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9950357578	Oldest major sea trade route in the world	Indian Ocean Trade Network	0
9950357579	Primary factor in Europeans being able to dominate Asia in the 19th century	Military superiority	1
9950357580	Process of Ex-European territories achieving independence post World War II	Decolonization Period	2
9950357581	Major governmental strategy supported by both the Mexican Revolution and the Chinese communist revolution	Redistribution of wealth	3
9950357582	The main reason that Europe was able to dominate the world economy and the 19th and 20th centuries	Industrial revolution	4
9950357583	Japan's aggressive modernization initiative in the 19 century	Meiji Restoration	5
9950357584	The main reason behind the collapse of the ottoman and Russian empires after World War II	Nationalism	6
9950357585	First sustained exchange of goods and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres	Columbian exchange	7
9950357586	The primary reason for China's and the Islamic empires interest in India during the 14th century	Sugar	8
9950357587	The first sustained trade route between China and Europe	Silk Road	9
9950357588	The admiral of the Chinese treasure fully in the early 1400s	Zheng He	10
9950357589	The resurgence of Confucian believe in China during the Ming Dynasty	Neoconfucianism	11
9950357590	The primary social impact of the industrial revolution	The rise of the middle class	12
9950357591	One of the few consistently Christian kingdoms in Africa	Ethiopia	13
9950357592	Primary social group left out of the Confucian social order	Women	14
9950357593	Nomadic group that was very influential in spreading people, goods, and ideas across Afro-Eurasia during the postclassical era	Mongols	15
9950357594	Egyptian leader that played a large role in growing nationalism within the country	Gamal Abdel Nasser	16
9950357595	The major cause of most native people being eradicated after European arrival	Pandemics	17
9950357596	Nomadic group that was very influential in bringing down both the Han and Roman empires	The Huns	18
9950357597	The group of people who came to dominate Anatolia in the 11th century	Turks	19
9950357598	One of the few cultural attributes that caught on in Japan from China	Buddhism	20
9950357599	One of the pillars of the Mongol Empire towards cultural matters	Religious tolerance	21
9950357600	The highest social group in the caste system	Brahmins	22
9950357601	The pre-dominant social group in charge of most Confucian government positions	Scholar Gentry	23
9950357602	Location of the world's 10 largest cities during the age of exploration	East Asia	24
9950357603	The first industry to really industrialize in great Britain	Textiles	25
9950357604	"People of the Book"	Jews, Christians, Muslims	26
9950357605	The belief that some people are naturally more successful and therefore more evolved than others	Social Darwinism	27
9950357606	It's major effect was the diffusion of iron metallurgy across sub-Saharan Africa	Bantu Migration	28
9950357607	A social group that mainly spread Buddhism across South and East Asia	Merchants	29
9950357608	The motivation for the Atlantic revolutions of the 1700s and 1800s	Enlightenment Ideals	30
9950357609	The production focus of the second industrial revolution	Electricity, Steel, Chemicals	31
9950357610	Jailed political activist in South Africa who eventually became the president	Nelson Mandela	32
9950357611	The destination country for 1/3 of the silver trade during the 16th and 17th centuries	China	33
9950357612	The oldest written set of laws	Code of Hammurabi	34
9951050054	Travels to China 14th century	Marco Polo	35
9951050055	Goal to collect as much silver as possible	Mercantilism	36
9951050056	Defeated by Spain because of disease and alliances	Aztecs and Incas	37
9951050057	The primary region were slaves were gathered for the Atlantic slave trade	West coast of Africa	38
9951050058	The first mass movement towards agriculture and permanent settlements	Neolithic revolution	39
9951050059	The style of communism the China originally tried to replicate	Soviet model	40
9951050060	Muslim rule of India, toleration	Mughal Empire	41
9951050061	Multinational empire, causes problems	Austria-Hungary	42
9951050062	free market economy	Capitalism	43
9951050063	Growth of empire	Imperialism	44

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AP World History - Terms A-B Flashcards

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6291891084	Abbasid	The third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed Muhammad lasted from 750-1517. Contained the Islamic Golden age, stressing the importance of knowledge, and becoming an intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine, and education.	0
6291891085	Abbot	Head of a monastery, primarily in Christianity.	1
6291891086	Abolition	Putting an end to slavery via laws.	2
6291891087	Absolute monarch	A ruler with supreme authority that is not restricted by any written laws.	3
6291891088	Acropolis	"High City," can be referring to a fortified part of a city built on a hill, or to the ancient citadel at Athens, dating from 5th century BC.	4
6291891089	Acupuncture	A system of medicine originating from China and used to alleviate pain and treat various conditions via pricking the skin with needles.	5
6291891090	Adobe	A building constructed from adobe clay or bricks.	6
6291891091	African Diaspora	The populations or communities resulting from the movement of people from Africa, such as the descendants of slaves brought to the Americas from the 16th to 19th century.	7
6291891092	African National Congress	South African governing social democratic political party and movement founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class and its demands were modest until WWI. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, it appealed increasingly to the poor, and it organized mass protests demanding self-government and independence.	8
6291891093	Agora	"Assembly, gathering place" central spot in ancient Greek city-states.	9
6291891094	Ahimsa	(In the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain tradition) the principle of nonviolence towards all living things.	10
6291891095	Al Qaeda	Militant Sunni Muslim extremist group in the Middle East.	11
6291891096	Alliance	Agreement between countries to fight on each other's behalf if necessary.	12
6291891097	Allied Powers	Great Britain, France (except Vichy France during occupation), the Soviet Union, the United States, and China in WWII against the Axis Powers.	13
6291891098	Allies	Fought against the central powers in WWI, allied group included Britain, France, Russia, Italy (switched sides from Central Powers), and the United States.	14
6291891099	Amritsar Massacre	On the 13th of April, 1919, a crowd of nonviolent protesters were fired upon by troops of the British Indian Army.	15
6291891100	Anesthetic	A drug to prevent pain during surgery, first successful demonstrated use of anesthetic in a surgery on the 16th of October 1846.	16
6291891101	Angkor Wat	The largest religious monument in the world, located in Cambodia, originally dedicated to Vishnu in the Hindu faith, turned into a Buddhist temple in the 12th century.	17
6291891102	Animism	The attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.	18
6291891103	Anti-Comintern Pact	Anti-communist pact between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan, later joined by other, mainly fascist, governments.	19
6291891104	Anti-Semitism	hostility and prejudice against the Jews. Examples in Nazi Germany, the Crusades, etc.	20
6291891105	Annulled	Declare an official agreement invalid such as a marriage. (past-tense)	21
6291891106	Apartheid	A system of institutionalized segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991, when it was abolished.	22
6291891107	Appeasement	The policy in Europe after WWI to make concessions to the dictatorial powers to avoid conflict, Ex. Nazi Germany to the Rhinelands.	23
6291891108	Apostles	Missionaries during the time after Jesus.	24
6291891109	Apprentice	One who is learning by practical experience under skilled workers a trade, art, or calling	25
6291891110	Aqueduct	An artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge across a gap.	26
6291891111	Archipelago	A group of islands in a string	27
6291891112	Archon	Greek word meaning "ruler"	28
6291891113	Armistice	Formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.	29
6291891114	Arms Race	Competition between nations for superior weaponry.	30
6291891115	Artifacts	Objects recovered by archaeological endeavor that may be of interest culturally.	31
6291891116	Artisans	Skilled craft workers - specialists.	32
6291891117	Asian Tigers	Economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, which went through rapid industrialization and maintained extremely high growth rates between the early 1960's and 1990's.	33
6291891118	Assembly Line	Invention that allows more efficient mass production.	34
6291891119	Astrolabe	Can be used for determining latitude, time, or identifying stars or planets.	35
6291891120	Augurs	Priests and officials in ancient Rome, whose main service was interpreting the will of the gods by studying the flight of birds.	36
6291891121	Austro-Prussian War	Fueled by German nationalism, goal to gather all Germans under one state, won by Prussia.	37
6291891122	Autocracy	A system of government by one person with absolute power.	38
6291891123	Axis Powers	The nations that fought in WWII against the Allied Powers. They were Germany, Japan, and Italy (until 1943)	39
6291891124	Baghdad Pact	Treaty organization formed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and Great Britain. Its goal was to contain the Soviet Union by having a line of strong states along the USSR's southwestern border. Iraq withdrew from the alliance, and the Soviet Union established relations past the organization, meaning the organization failed to contain the USSR.	40
6291891125	Balance of Trade	The difference in value between a country's imports and exports.	41
6291891126	Balfour Declaration	Expressed Great Britain's support of the Zionist movement and promised a Jewish state in Palestine.	42
6291891127	Balkan Wars	In the first war, four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire, and in the second, one of the four: Bulgaria, suffered defeat. Ottoman Empire lost most of its land in Europe.	43
6291891128	Bantu	Group of languages in primarily Africa descended from a common Proto-Bantu language.	44
6291891129	Bataan Death March	Forced transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of Filipino and American POWs. It is characterized by sever physical abuse and wanton killings, and later judged as a Japanese war crime.	45
6291891130	Battle of Britain	Luftwaffe greatly outnumbered R.A.F. planes. Germans failed to force an armistice by defeating Britain's air defenses could be considered the Nazis' first major defeat in WWII.	46
6291891131	Battle of El Alamein	Victory by Allied Forces in WWII in N. Africa, reaching up through Italy.	47
6291891132	Battle of Guadalcanal	Secured by Feb. 43, Allies sensed and eventual victory by early 43. Allies vs Japan	48
6291891133	Battle of Iwo Jima	Famous for the iconic photograph, Raising the Flag on ___ ____.	49
6291891134	Battle of Midway	Major U.S. victory and turning point in the war in the pacific	50
6291891135	Battle of Okinawa	The U.S. victory that allowed the United States to get close enough to hit Japan.	51
6291891136	Battle of Stalingrad	Halted the Germans' steady advance in 42/43. One of the most important battles in the war.	52
6291891137	Battle of Verdun	WWI battle which was one of the largest, longest, and most costly battles on the Western Front between Germany and France.	53
6291891138	Bay of Pigs Invasion	Failed military invasion of Cuba meant to overthrow the increasingly communist government of Fidel Castro.	54
6291891139	Bedouins	Term in the Arabic language referring to those who are descended from tribes.	55
6291891140	Benedictine Rule	Brought monasticism to the west.	56
6291891141	Berlin Airlift	The USSR blockaded all land routes to Berlin in the Berlin Blockade, and the U.S. responded by air dropping food and resources for power for 321 days until the Soviets gave up.	57
6291891142	Berlin Conference	Regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, organized by Otto von Bismarck and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Ushered in a period of heightened colonial activity by European powers, and formalized the scramble for Africa.	58
6291891143	Bessemer Process	The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel, named after its inventor, Henry _________.	59
6291891144	Biotechnology	The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, such as in agriculture and medicine for thousands of years.	60
6291891145	Bishop	An approved member of the Christian clergy entrusted to a position of authority and oversight.	61
6291891146	Black Death	One of the most devastating pandemics in human history, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75-200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1346-1353.	62
6291891147	Black Tuesday	October 29th 1929, share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed, a huge factor in the beginning of the Great Depression.	63
6291891148	Blitzkrieg	"lightning war," intense Nazi Germany military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory	64
6291891149	Bloody Sunday	Incident on 30th of January 1972 in Northern Ireland when British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a peaceful protest. Increased Irish hostility towards the British Army.	65
6291891150	Bolsheviks	Majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October Revolution of 1917. (Lenin -> Stalin -> Gorbachev)	66
6291891151	Bourgeoisie	In Marxist philosophy, the social class that came to own the means of production in modern industrialization, whose concerns are the value of property and preservation of capital, and to ensure their economic supremacy.	67
6291891152	Boxer Rebellion	Violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing Dynasty.	68
6291891153	Boyars	Highest rank in feudal Moscovian aristocracies, considerable influence in the 14th and 15th centuries.	69
6291891154	British East India Company	Accounted for half of the world's trade, particularly in basic commodities such as cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpeter, tea, and opium. Also the forerunner to the British Empire in India.	70
6291891155	Bronze Age	Period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early signs of urban civilization. Approx. 3000/2000 to 1200/600 BC.	71
6291891156	Buddhism	Religion based on largely on teachings of the Buddha. Originated in India between the 6th and 4th centuries BC and spread through Asia, experiencing decline in India.	72
6291891157	Bureaucracy	Government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials.	73
6291891158	Bushido	"The way of the warrior," Japanese term for the samurai way of life, encompassing frugality, loyalty, martial arts mastery, and honor until death.	74
6291891159	Byzantine Empire	The continuation of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire and continued to exist for another thousands years before falling to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.	75

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AP World History Flashcards

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7524755599	How did religions help strengthen political, economic, and cultural ties within societies?	Examples: Political: The Mandate of Heaven in belief of the Heavens was used for leadership purposes Cultural: Ethical codes, such as the Vedas (Hinduism), The Torah (Judaism), and The Bible (Christianity). Economic: Spread of religion brought more economic trade to the regions and harmony within the economy.	0
7524800288	How did religions promote a sense of unity?	Religions and belief systems provided a bond among the people and an ethical code to live by. Example: The Torah prescribes detailed guidelines covering ethics, social, and civil relation- taken together this religious text in the religion created a sense of unity of sharing the same belief.	1
7524841878	What are the characteristics and core teachings of Judaism?	Characteristics: -Organized society -Common body of scripture -Identity -Unity -Monotheistic Core Teachings: -The belief that the Hebrews entered into a special covenental relationship with their God through the patriarch Abraham	2
7524880427	What are the characteristics and core teachings of Hinduism?	Characteristics: -Polytheism -Originated in India -Brahman Core teachings: -Karma -Atman -Dharma -Reincarnation - Universal spirit called the Atman is trapped inside humans and other living creatures.	3
7524945161	What is a "universal religion?"	A religion in which anyone can be can be a believer, unity within,, same beliefs. Example religions: Buddhism and Christianity around the Mediterranean area and India.	4
7525013202	What are the characteristics and core teachings of Buddhism?	Characteristics: -Universal -Monotheistic -Peaceful Core Teachings: -4 Noble Truths -8 Fold Path -Nirvana: New understanding and peaceful way of life.	5
7525054894	What are the 4 Noble Truths?	1) All of life is suffering 2) Suffering is caused by false desires for things that do not bring satisfaction 3) Suffering maybe relieved by removing the desire 4) Desire maybe removed by following 8 fold path to Nirvana	6
7525120087	How and where did Buddhism spread by 600 CE?	The Buddha actively spread the new beliefs during his lifetime and the religion faced oppression after the Buddha's death- Threat to Hinduism. The Mauryan emperor Ashoka converted to it and promoted its practice. Spread through cultural diffusion- To SOUTHEAST ASIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN	7
7525334468	What is Confucianism?	The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.	8
7525382572	What is Daoism?	Philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events. Human to nature relationship.	9
7525427420	What are the characteristics and core teachings of Christianity?	Characteristics: -Grew directly out of Judaism -Love -Charity -Humility Core teachings: -Belief in Jesus, or the Messiah and belief in life after death through Jesus -Final Judgement Day -Reward the righteous with immortality and condemn sinners to eternal hell.	10
7525551220	How and where did Christianity spread by 600 CE?	The emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and established a new capital in the eastern city of Byzantium, which he renamed, Constantinople. The Result: The religion grew west and north from Rome and east from Constantinople.	11
7525600338	How did religions affect gender roles in their respective societies?	Examples: Hinduism- The Hindu laws of Manu taught that a woman is not independent at any point in her life. Christianity- The writings of the Bible also reinforced patriarchy, but hold up a husband's obligation to love his wife. Confucianism- Soft patriarchal- husband shows respect and be a model to his family. Buddhism- Both genders had equal access to enlightenment	12
7525720971	Common religious and cultural traditions by 600 CE	Asceticism: An extreme rejection of the materialistic values of the world, its luxuries, anything extravagant or unnecessary, and all sexual pleasure. Monasticism: The lifestyle of living as a Monk *Shamanism: A set of practices geared toward manipulating the natural world through rites and ceremonies performed by a Shaman. -Animism: That objects in the material world are inhabited by spirits. -Ancestor Worship, such as, oracle bones.	13
7525903172	How did humans relate to their deceased ancestors?	Ancestor Worship- Natural given the belief that their spirits live on after death Example: Chinese Oracle Bones- Questions for ancestors	14
7525968769	How did art and culture develop to 600 CE?	-Theater was born out of the religious festivals of the Greek god Dionysus -Temples were built for Hindu society -Theatrical Competitions: Cultural Unity -Greek architecture: Symmetry, rationalism, and proportionality.	15
7533642910	What literary works influenced later eras?	Greek theater/drama- influenced things like Broadway, stadium sports, and movies.	16
7533659158	How did different societies' architectural styles develop?	Greece: Was based/built off of their values of symmetry, rationalism, and proportionality Example: The Parthenon India: Was based off of the religious and cultural values of Hinduism and the society. Rome: The Romans were engineers and used concrete to address practical problems. Maya: Best seen in its temples, were centers of worship and sacrifice.	17
7538504403	What is Syncretism?	Cultural blending where different civilizations adopt another's culture or same beliefs. This is how religions and culture spread. Also known as cultural diffusion.	18
7538531084	What is cultural diffusion?	The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicity, religions and nationalities has increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology.	19
7538554283	Confucianism: 5 principle relationships	1. Ruler to Subject 2. Father to Son 3. Husband to Wife 4. Older Brother to Younger Brother 5. Older Friend to Younger Friend	20
7538570217	Organizing Principles of Confucianism	1. Status 2. Age 3. Gender	21
7538576267	What are the Analects?	Writings and teachings of Confucius- meaning "Conversation" Example text: "Respect yourself and others will respect you."	22
7538610154	Goal of Confucianism?	Social Cohesion (Harmony)	23
7538626162	Principles of Legalism?	1. Human nature is selfish 2. Intellectualism and literacy is discouraged 3. Law is the most supreme authority and replaces morality 4. the ruler must rule with a strong, punishing hand 5. War is the means of strengthening a ruler's power	24
7538667108	What does it mean if something is Authoritarian?	Having no exercise of individual freedom.	25
7538675614	Hinduism	An ancient religion with no single founder developed over thousands of years. -Continues to evolve- beliefs and practices -Tolerant to other religions- Meaning they believe that other religions have a legitimate path to God -Monastic religion- One supreme god	26
7538688524	Sacred scripture of Hinduism?	The Vedas, meaning knowledge in Sanskrit, which is the language of Hinduism.	27
7538710453	Brahman- Hinduism	-Supreme god -Everything has a part of Brahman -Goal in life is to unite with Atman (your soul) with Brahman -Monastic Religion- Meaning one supreme god -Hindus worship many gods and goddesses- all possess a part of Brahman.	28
7538759009	Dharma- Hinduism	-Sacred duty: Individual dharma determined by personality, age, gender, and social class -Following dharma promotes harmony (Like Buddhism and Confucianism) -Don't follow dharma, get bad karma <<<	29
7538777720	What is Karma?	In Hinduism: Sum of good and bad actions Atman (soul) carries from life to life, which proves the belief of reincarnation. -Good and bad actions affect future life and life cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth	30
7538805345	What is Samsara?	-Continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth -Goal to reach Moksha- meaning to be released from Samsara	31
7538822358	What is an empire?	An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.	32
7538826240	What builds an empire?	-Military Conquest for more land -Unification under one central government -Identifiable boundaries	33
7538860311	What major empires were in the classical period and where were they located?	Roman Empire: Mediterranean Region centered in the Italian peninsula Greek Empire: Mediterranean Region centered in the Greek peninsula Mauryan-Gupta: India Region near the Ganges valley Gupta: India Region near the Ganges valley Qin Empire: China Region Han Empire: China Region *Persian Empire: Biggest empire that was mainly in modern-day Iran spread to western Asia to west toward the Mediterranean	34
7538944876	Characteristics of classical era empires	-Large armies -Large trans-regional networks of trade -Diffusion of culture, trade, and even disease -Social classes -Great wealth -Boundaries	35
7539030683	What techniques did Classical empires create to administer their territories?	Governments had to implement methods to project power over large areas, something that presented a challenge in the age before modern transportation and communication. Drawing from the successes of earlier civilizations, empires in the classical age were able to centralize their power and rule over vast domains. -Governments by means of centralized or decentralized governments	36
7539062231	What is a centralized government?	Government in which most decisions for the entire state are made by one executive power. This usually involves one leader, or a small group of individuals, having authority over all regions of a state from a single location, such as a capital city.	37
7539072517	What is a decentralized government?	Government that allows more control and decision making to be made at the level of local provinces or counties.	38
7539121771	What is Daoism?	Philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events	39
7539133747	What was the Period of the Warring States in China and how did it create the basis for Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism?	After the fall of the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-256 BC) China fell into a period of chaos known as the Period of the Warring States. Although a time of conflict and strife, this period was one of the most fruitful in terms of intellectual output. In the quest to understand how China could have fallen into a period of instability, great thinkers pondered questions such as "What is the best form of governance?" and, related to that question, "What is the nature of man?" The differing answers to these questions formed the basis of Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism.	40
7539145645	When and how did the Period of the Warring States end?	The Period of the Warring States ended when the warrior Qin Shi Huang centralized power and destroyed regional opposition- created the short-lived Qin Dynasty	41
7539164708	Describe the Qin Dynasty	-Lasted only 14 years -Created a bureaucracy -Practice of Legalism -Built roads and bridges -Construction of wall to protect the dynasty -The leadership created resentment among the people, which led to the revolt against Qin Shi Huang	42
7539274445	Describe the Han Dynasty	-Came to power after the Qin Dynasty -Lasted for about 400 years- (200 BCE to 200 CE) -Maintained a strong central government over such a vast area of modern China was based on the Legalism reforms of the Qin Dynasty -Han Wudi -Adoption of Confucianism -Han bureaucracy -Synthesis between belief and political structure -Buddhism came -Trade along the Silk Road- Dunhuang major city of trade along the Silk Road -Traded Silk and Rice -Protective against the Nomads in the North known as the Xiongnu -Feudal System -Against outsiders- like the nomads -Economy needed to recover after Qin dynasty downfall.	43
7539434966	Describe the Mauryan-Gupta empire?	-Founded by Chandragupta Mauryan -Under Mauryan rule, the Indian subcontinent was unified under one central government for the first time -Bureaucracy- with a systematic use of spying, brutality and intimidation -Vedic Age -Pataliputra: Located in the Ganges Valley-Capital -Edicts of Ashoka: System of laws -Conversion to Buddhism -Caste System -Large army of infantry, calvalry, and chariot divisions -Coinage -Imbalance between men and women -Greek influence -Mandala- prescribes the use of spies -Agriculture based economy -Ashoka died- Mauryan crumbled	44
7539704079	Describe the Gupta Empire	-Never grew to size of Mauryan -Bureaucracy -Greatest period of political stability in India -Negotiation and intermarriages with local leaders -Hinduism -Vedic practices -Sati -Roles of women to sustain the house and raise the house -Roles of men had more rights and could inherit property -Concept of zero -System of place-value notation -Rules given by Brahman -Exhaust of imperial treasury led to downfall	45
7539871050	What is the Sati?	Sati (also called suttee) is the practice among some Hindu communities by which a recently widowed woman either voluntarily or by use of force or coercion commits suicide as a result of her husband's death. The best known form of sati is when a woman burns to death on her husband's funeral pyre.	46
7539941974	Describe the Roman Empire	-As territory expanded it went from a monarchy to a Republic -The Twelve Tables -Used a senate -Upper classes: The patricians -Lower classes: The plebeians -City-States Patron/Client Relationship: Bound different classes -Aqueducts to move fresh water -Conquered people had most privileges as Romans had -Believed in the invisible force numina -End of Roman empire: Christianity -Infertile land -Had to expand for more land for agriculture due to a growing population -Grapes grown- not a staple crop -Trade along Roman roads and on the Mediterranean	47
7539954953	What are the Twelve Tables?	It was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law.	48
7544046977	What two types of law was Rome divided into?	jus gentium and jus civile	49
7544071469	What is diplomacy?	There is more to winning a battle than military strategy and advanced weapons. Diplomacy, or the negotiation with allies and foes, was crucial for imperial conquest *For example, when the Han Dynasty pushed westward they came into conflict with the powerful confederation of nomadic tribes called the Xiongnu. In the ensuing war, the Han Emperor Wu sought alliances with small countries on his western border, offering a Han princess in marriage to the king of Wusun to secure him as an ally.	50
7544077069	Why was the Great Wall of China constructed and who constructed it?	Great Wall of China was first constructed by the Qin Dynasty to protect them from nomadic tribes on their northwestern frontier	51
7544091209	What fortifications did the Romans and the Chinese make to their empires?	The Great Wall of China- China Hadrian's Wall- Rome	52
7549380199	Describe Persia	-1000 BCE settle in SW Iran and spread across western and central Asia -Feudal Society -Imperial organization -Irrigation technology -When a king died sacred fires were put out people's hair was shaved, and horses' manes were cut -Took the dress of Medes and made Egypt theirs -Monarchy -20 provinces- under a satrap -Women made less then men -Zoroastrianism with Ahuramazdagod -Military patrolled Royal Roads -Canals- Red Sea and the Nile River (Connected) -Persian postal system -Trade within the Arabian Sea, Egypt, the Persian Gulf, etc. -Fell to the Greek empire	53
7549397596	What are satraps?	Persian governors	54
7549422857	What is Zoroastrianism?	Monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC	55
7549503509	Describe the Greek empire	-Had Olympic games' -Alexander the Great was a major leader- conquered the Persian empire -City-states -Democracy -Most fertile land: Anatolia -Mostly the region was infertile -Believed in approval from the gods -Polytheistic -Villages merged into urban centers -Viewed Persia as "The Great Enemy" -Sought advice from oracles -Olives, grain, barley -Found microscopic atoms -Mapped geography -Hoplites -Persian Wars -The Ionian Revolt -Roman Conquest ended the empire	56
7549562301	What was the Ionian Revolt?	Military rebellions by several Greek regions of Asia Minor against Persian rule, lasting from 499 BC to 493 BC. At the heart of the rebellion was the dissatisfaction of the Greek cities of Asia Minor with the tyrants appointed by Persia to rule them, along with the individual actions of two Milesian tyrants, Histiaeus and Aristagoras. The cities of Ionia had been conquered by Persia around 540 BC, and thereafter were ruled by native tyrants, nominated by the Persian satrap in Sardis. In 499 BC, the tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, launched a joint expedition with the Persian satrap Artaphernes to conquer Naxos, in an attempt to bolster his position. The mission was a debacle, and sensing his imminent removal as tyrant, Aristagoras chose to incite the whole of Ionia into rebellion against the Persian king Darius the Great.	57
7549620203	What was the Silk Road?	The Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction originally through regions of Eurasia connecting the East and West and stretching from the Korean peninsula and Japan to the Mediterranean Sea.	58
7549634272	Foraging Society	Definition: A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals) -11,000 BCE beginnings -Courage honored -Limited to what carried with them -Necessities -Healthier- due to more travel to find food -4 years apart born children -Less disease- less dense populations -No social structure -Egalitarian- Equally -No technology -Nomads- migratory	59
7549668606	Pastoral Society	Definition: A nomadic group of people who travel with a herd of domesticated animals, which they rely on for food. The word 'pastoral' comes from the Latin root word pastor, which means 'shepherd.' -Grasslands -Little rainfall -Serve as civilization link -No food surplus -Indo-European trides: Hitties and Hykes -Domesticated horses -Tents -Pants, stirrups, and saddles -Trade with sedentary for crops -Horse cavalry -Herding -Migration patterns keep away rivals -Marriage led to alliance -Art- useful -Strong -Short-life -Patriarch -Animal sacrifice -Little social structure -Kin-related clans -Size of herds=wealth	60
7549724861	What does patriarchal mean?	A system where men are in authority over women in all aspects of society.	61
7570260026	Sedentary society	Definition: A lifestyle that involves remaining in one place permanently -Live in one place -Economy: Farming -Dense population -Ability to farm and domesticate -Few live good- authority and class systems -Dependent on crops -Shorter birth interval -Food surpluses -Began to claim territories -More disease -Authority -Priests -Writings -Social status -"Civilization" -Technology -1500 BCE -Specialization in jobs -Public works	62
7570308356	What is a civilization?	The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	63
7570331549	What does being cosmopolitan mean?	To be a prosperous network of states using shared cultures and was used by the Middle East in 1700-1100 BCE- Diplomatic relations and commercial contacts between states fastened the flow of ideas and goods.	64
7570467550	What is the Mandate of Heaven?	Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interest of his subjects.	65
7570490922	Rivers of Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, and Ancient China.	Mesopotamia: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Indus Valley: Indus River Ancient China: Huang He (Yellow River)	66
7570517704	What is Feng Shui?	Feng Shui: "Wind and Water" -They used it to orientates structures so that they would be in a harmonious relationship with the terrain, forces of wind, water, sunlight, and invisible	67
7570558908	What is bipedalism?	An organism's ability to walk on two legs.	68
7570567117	Paleolithic Age	Paleolithic: Old Stone Age -Associated with the evolution of humans -Used skins and mats woven from leaves for collecting fruits, berries, and wild seeds -Lasted until 8000 BCE -Early humans may have discovered cooking after wildfires -Most people were foragers or migrators who would move from season to season to acquire food, shelter, and clothing -People built seasonal camps when there was no caves -Gatherers learned which plants were edible -Cave art of animal hunting-people think it -Cave art showed some evidence of religion	69
7570619747	Neolithic Age	Neolithic Age: New Stone Age -Associated with the ancient Agritcultural Revolution -Began to meet food needs by cultivating crops and keeping domestic animals -Between 8000-2000 BCE -When foragers would return to their seasonal camps, they would leave fruit bearing seeds- started the food production -Specialized stone tools made for farming -Fruit trees or root crops -Wild grasses to Grains -Alternating crops caused better soil fertility -Fire to clear crops use as fertilizer -Migration toward rivers to help plants growth	70
7570681522	Neolithic Turning Point	It was the start of farming/cultivating crops in the world. The revolution helped it as so to make it that people would not have to forage for food- instead just grow it.	71
7570721424	Characteristics of a civilization	1. Language (Written and spoken) 2. Culture- Art and arichitecture 3. A political system 4. Forms of maintaining a food source 5. Economic structures 6. Social Class 7. Division of labor 8. Food Surplus 9. Urban administration 10. Public works- irrigation	72
7570767171	Mesopotamia	Means: "Land between the rivers" Mesopotamia	73

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