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AP World History: World War 2 Flashcards

6472011419	Path to WW2: Asia	1) 1931: Japan invades Manchuria (Northeastern China) 2) Japan wants to create a new East Asian Empire 3) 1937: Japan lands a full scale invasion of China and starts WW2 4) 1940: America starts economic sanctions against Japan 5) Dec 7, 1941: Japan attacks US Naval Base Pearl Harbor and America joins the War	0
6472445057	Deeper causes of WW2 in Asia	1) Japanese militarism/aggression 2) Japanese nationalism 3) Great Depression (enabled rise of authoritarianism)	1
6472464440	Path of WW2 in Europe	1) 1933: Hitler comes to power in Germany 2) 1935-1936: Hitler began rearming Germany against Treaty of Versailles 3) Britain and France, afraid of another war, instituted a policy of appeasement 4) 1938: Munich Conference - Germany annexed a part of Czechoslovakia, which had a large culturally German population 5) Sept 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland and starts WW2	2
6472503574	liebestraum	"living space": the idea that Germans are the superior race and therefore deserve more land to live on	3
6472521764	Deeper causes of WW2 in Europe	1) liebestraum and German nationalism 2) German militarism 3) Great Depression & the Treaty of Versailles 4) appeasement	4
6472557636	Allied Powers (major)	Britain, America, USSR, France	5
6472557637	Axis Powers	Germany, Japan, Italy	6
6472535988	End of World War 2	September 2, 1945	7
6472569991	Outcomes of WW2	1) massive death toll: 60 million 2) 2 most hurt countries: USSR (25 million) and China (15 million) 3) Holocaust: Genocide 4) rearranged world power 5) Cold War between US and USSR 6) International Peace Efforts: organizations were created to help solve conflicts peacefully (United Nations, EU, etc)	8
6438277593	International Monetary Fund	created to help countries with economic and financial problems	9
6472611315	Rearranged world power after WW2	1) Europe is not the most dominant region anymore 2) US and USSR emerge as new world powers 3) Europe is divided between East (communism) and West (democracy) 4) colonial independence and the end of empires	10
6438288533	Marshall Plan	1) American plan to invest money into Europe to help them rebuild 2) 12 Billion 3) widely successful	11
6438339903	North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)	1) treaty of security and defense 2) Canada, USA, and Western Europe had an alliance 3) western europe felt more secure while recovering because of the treaty	12
6438365736	European Union (EU)	1) preceded by the European Coal and Steel Community (1951) 2) formed in 1994 3) a union of political and economic agreement to help Europe overcome their rivalry	13
6438421694	Resiliency of Industrial Societies	rebuilding an industrial country in an industrial society is easier	14

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AP World History Final Flashcards

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6919252102	John Calvin	Renaissance political theorist	0
6919259712	Moveable type	Invention of Johannes Gutenberg	1
6919262550	95 Theses	Document written by Martin Luther	2
6919269416	Importance of Copernicus	Studied astronomy	3
6919273760	Importance of Kepler	Important figure of scientific revolution	4
6919284910	Importance of Galileo	Studied planetary motion	5
6919291842	John Locke	English philosopher who valued reason	6
6919322600	Aurangzeb	Leader of Conquistadors against Aztecs	7
6919324243	Treaty of Toresillas	Separated land between Spain and Portugal	8
6919335661	Role of viceroys	The king's agent; normally a high-ranking Spanish noble	9
6919346572	Creoles	Spanish whites born and raised in the New World	10
6919350156	Peninsulares	Spanish whites living in the New World but born in Spain	11
6919353385	Triangular Trade	Trade between Africa, New World, and Europe; slaves went to America for sugar and tobacco to Europe	12
6919360011	Middle Passage	Traumatic slave voyage from Africa and the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean	13
6919373626	Ivan the Terrible	Nickname for Ivan IV	14
6919380330	Role of viziers	Head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 5th century often more powerful than the sultan	15
6919387654	Savafid Empire	Muslim empire that ruled Persia	16
6919394563	Aurangzeb	Indian ruler who tried to purify Islam	17
6919394564	Indian Ocean	Body of water that was center of Asian trade	18
6919397967	American Revolution	1775-1783	19
6919399233	French Revolution	1789-1799	20
6919403551	Napoleon Bonaparte	Ruler of French Empire at the end of the French Revolution	21
6919407635	Importance of Louis Pasteur	Studied microbiology	22
6919411556	American Civil War	1861-1865	23
6919414608	Karl Marx	Policital theorist	24
6919419315	Albert Einstein	Founded the law of realitivity	25
6919424487	Monroe Doctrine	American declaration stated in 1823 that established any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas as an unfriendly act by the United States	26
6919444710	Triple Entente	Russia, Britain, France	27
6919447190	Triple Alliance	Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary	28
6919450806	Sepoys	Indian troops that served the British East India Company	29
6919453215	British Raj	British political establishment in India; developed because of a rivalry between France and Britain in India	30
6919473507	Boers	Dutch settlers in Southern Africa	31
6919478686	Toussaint L'ouverture	Former slave from Haiti	32
6919489324	Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna	Leader of Mexican Independence	33
6919493577	Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo	Agreement that ended the Mexican-American War	34
6919505257	Panama Canal under U.S. control	The U.S. paid millions of dollars for the construction of the canal	35
6919508956	Importance of Suez Canal	Created an easier trade route from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean	36
6919512224	Opium War	Fought between the British and China beginning in 1839; fought to protect British trade in opium and resulted in British victory, opening of Hong Kong as a Britishtrading port	37
6919527170	Boxer Rebellion	Outburst aimed at expelling foreigners from China	38
6919540141	Communism	Lenin's political party	39
6919543987	U.S. came by ship	U.S. first opened up trade in Japan	40
6919547580	Francis Ferdinand	Archduke of Austria-Hungary that was assassinated to start WW1	41
6919554019	Russian leader before revolution	Vladimir Lenin	42
6919556621	Result of Versailles Treaty	Entrance of WW1	43
6919569260	Benito Mussolini	Founder of Italian Fascism	44
6919570139	Stalin	Russian leader after Lenin	45
6919588055	Mao Zedong	Leader of Chinese communist party	46
6919590126	Adolf Hitler	Leader of National Social Party in Germany	47
6919590934	Holocaust	Mass genocide and "Final Solution" to kill the opposition and inferior races off	48
6919595453	Pearl Harbor	U.S. entry into WW2	49
6919596961	United Nations	Replacement for the League of Nations	50
6919605275	Yalta Agreement	Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1945	51
6919613014	Apartheid	Policy of strict racial segregation	52
6919632458	Cold War countries	United States, Soviet Union, and Cuba	53
6919635873	Iron Curtain	Phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the division between free and communist societies taking shape in Europe after 1946	54
6919641605	Marshall Plan	Financial aid	55
6919648539	Berlin Wall construction	Built in 1961 to halt the flow of immigration from East Berlin to West Berlin; torn down at end of Cold War in 1991	56
6919658973	Solidarity movement	In Poland	57
6919665887	Soviet missiles in Western Hemisphere	Located in Cuba	58
6919669455	Cuban Revolution of 1950	Fidel Castro took over Cuba	59
6919671973	Indira Gandhi	Daughter of Jawaharla Nehru; installed as a figurehead prime minister and central figure in Indian politics	60
6919690374	Ayatollah Khomeini	Religious ruler of Iran who tried to eliminate western influences and establish a purely Islamic government	61
6919698309	Saddam Hussein	Former president of Iraq	62
6919714757	Nelson Mandela	First black president of South Africa	63

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AP World History Chapter 6 Vocabulary Flashcards

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5531449083	Axum	Second-wave-era kingdom of East Africa, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia; flourished from 100 to 600 C.E. (pron. AX-uhm)	0
5531449084	Bantu expansion	Gradual migration of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria and the Cameroons into most of eastern and southern Africa, a process that began around 3000 B.C.E. and continued for several millennia. The agricultural techniques and ironworking technology of Bantu-speaking farmers gave them an advantage over the gathering and hunting peoples they encountered. (pron. BAHN-too)	1
5531449085	Batwa	Forest-dwelling people of Central Africa who adopted some of the ways of their Bantu neighbors while retaining distinctive features of their own culture; also known as "Pygmies." (pron. BAHT-wah)	2
5531449086	Cahokia	The dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri; flourished from about 900 to 1250 C.E. (pron.cah-HOKE-ee-ah)	3
5531449087	Chaco Phenomenon	Name given to a major process of settlement and societal organization that occurred in the period 860-1130 C.E. among the peoples of Chaco canyon, in what is now northwestern New Mexico; the society formed is notable for its settlement in large pueblos and for the building of hundreds of miles of roads (the purpose of which is not known). (pron. CHAH-koh)	4
5531449088	Chavín	Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement from about 900 to 200 B.C.E. (pron. cha-BEAN)	5
5531449089	Maya civilization	A major civilization of Mesoamerica; flourished from 250 to 900 C.E.	6
5531449090	Meroë	City in southern Nubia that was the center of Nubian civilization between 300 B.C.E. and 100 C.E. (pron. MER-oh-ee)	7
5531449091	Moche	An important regional civilization of Peru, governed by warrior-priests; flourished from about 100 to 800 C.E. (pron. MO-che)	8
5531449092	Mound Builders	Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of the Mississippi River in what is now the United States and that are distinguished by their large earthen mounds, built during the period 2000 B.C.E.-1250 C.E.	9
5531449093	Niger Valley civilization	Distinctive city-based civilization that flourished from about 300 B.C.E. to about 900 C.E. in the floodplain of the middle Niger and that included major cities like Jenne-jeno; the Niger Valley civilization is particularly noteworthy for its apparent lack of centralized state structures, having been organized instead in clusters of economically specialized settlements.	10
5531449094	pueblo	"Great house" of the Ancestral Pueblo people; a large, apartment building-like structure that could house hundreds of people.	11
5531449095	Teotihuacán	The largest city of pre-Columbian America, with a population between 100,000 and 200,000; seemingly built to a plan in the Valley of Mexico, Teotihuacán flourished between 300 and 600 C.E., during which time it governed or influenced much of the surrounding region. The name Teotihuacán is an Aztec term meaning "city of the gods." (pron. teh-o-tee-WAH-kahn)	12
5531449096	Wari and Tiwanaku	Two states that flourished between 400 and 1000 C.E. in the highlands of modern Bolivia and Peru. At their height they possessed urban capitals with populations in the tens of thousands and productive agricultural systems.	13

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AP World History Unit 5 1750-1900 Flashcards

APWH Unit 5 1750 - 1870
"Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World"
"The Early Industrial Revolution"
"Nation Building & Economic Transformation in the Americas"
"Africa, India, & the New British Empire"
"Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism"
"The New Power Balance"
"The New Imperialism"

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6240225982	Seven Years War 1756-1763	England vs. France England wins India and midwest territories in the US Both countries raised taxes	0
6240225983	The Englightenment	liberal movement that applied Scientific Revolution to everyday life; most philosophers were French	1
6240225984	John Locke	most influential to Revolutions/Declarations; believed people are born good, have natural rights, limited government, citizens have duty to overthrow bad governments	2
6240225985	Jean Jacques Rousseau	believed in minimum government control, collective good, hated oppression, valued the majority	3
6240225986	Thomas Hobbes	not as liberal; wrote Leviathan; believed in social order because people were born bad	4
6240225987	Montesquieu	believed in division of government powers	5
6240225988	Voltaire	inspired 1st Amendment: freedom of religion, speech, and press; was against monarchy, brought ideas from China	6
6240225989	despots	Catherine the Great of Russia & Frederick of Prussia; patronized the Enlightenment	7
6240225990	"Common Sense"	written by Thomas Paine to spur revolution among colonists	8
6240225991	Estates General	First Estate: clergy Second Estate: nobles Third Estate: peasants, merchants, artisans, bourgeoisie 98% of population	9
6240225992	National Assembly	collectively unifies Third Estate, wrote up Declaration of Rights of Man, was called for arrest	10
6240225993	Storming of Bastille	July 14, 1789: beginning of French Revolution	11
6240225994	guillotine	"humane" execution method, symbol of violent French revolution	12
6240225995	The Terror	1793-1794: Robespierre's ruthless, bloody, dictatorial rule of the French Revolution	13
6240225996	National Convention	radical liberal group (Jacobins & Girondists & more extreme Mountain faction), hated the Church	14
6240225997	Maximilien Robespierre	leader of National Convention Mountain faction; executed anyone who supported monarchy, eventually arrested and executed	15
6240225998	The Directory	5 man group elected after The Terror; got nothing done	16
6240225999	Napoleon Bonaparte	popular authoritarianism; limited Church; liberal reforms; forced French culture upon conquered people; repressed women & freedoms of speech/press	17
6240226000	Toussaint Louverture	led Haitian Revolution, was imprisoned in France	18
6240226001	Haitian Revolution	1794 -1804	19
6240226002	American Revolution	1776 - 1783	20
6240226003	French Revolution	1789 - 1792	21
6240226004	Congress of Vienna	Napoleon's enemies (Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria) meet up to reestablish monarchy and conservatism, results in Holy Alliance that represses liberalism/nationalism in Spain & Italy	22
6240226005	Greek independence	from Ottomans in 1830s	23
6240226006	Revolutions of 1848	all across continental Europe, including second French Revolution (monarchy overthrown forever)	24
6240226007	industrializing European nations by 1850	England, Wales, France, Belgium, Germanic states	25
6240226008	5 innovations that led to industrial economy	mass production (division of labor), mechanization, iron manufacturing, steam engine, electric telegraph	26
6240226009	Muhammad Ali	driving force of Egyptian industrialization, built up Egyptian economy/military, ordered peasants to grow cotton	27
6240226010	causes of the Industrial Revolution	1- population growth 2- agricultural revolution 3- trade/inventiveness 4- england	28
6240226011	Technological Revolution	mass production (pottery), mechanization (cotton industry), iron industry (cheap), steam engine (most revolutionary invention, allowed deeper travel), railroads (triggered coal industry)	29
6240226012	Latin American Revolution	1810-1825; started by creole elites who feared lower classes taking control; inspired by Napoleon and Enlightenment	30
6240226013	Laissez-faire	economic system supported by Adam Smith (father of economics) where the government has no intervention in the economy and it is self regulated by the people	31
6240226015	Simon Bolivar	led Venezuela's independence, inspired others, was a smart, military elite, led by force/charisma to gain mulattoes/slaves/natives as allies, promised them gains but lied	32
6240226016	Jose de San Martin	led Southern Liberation Forces	33
6240226017	Gran Columbia	formed in 1824; confederation of newly independent Latin American states	34
6240226018	Mexican Independence	1810-1823; was Spain's richest colony; priests Hidalgo & Morelos led violent rebellions and were crushed by loyalists; second rebellion by Agustin de Iturbide won independence in 1821	35
6240226019	Brasilian Independence	King John VI ruled in Brazil until 1821; Pedro stayed in Brazil and declared himself king with an independent constitutional monarchy, his liberal policies made him unpopular, he abdicated in favor of his son who reigned till 1889	36
6240226020	European intervention in Latin America	mostly successful; Spanish American War 1898, US gained Cuba, PR, DR, Guam, Philippines); US annexes Texas; French invasion of Mexico	37
6240226021	Feminist movement	second half of 19th century, women's rights progressed slowly, Western countries; only upperclass women were politically active	38
6240226022	neocolonialism	nonindustrialized nation depends on industrialized nation economically, is only politically independent	39
6240226023	sphere of influence	intimidation is used to influence another country's decisions	40
6240226024	protectorate	native leader appointed, dominant government has influence, indirect rule	41
6240226025	crown jewel of Britain	India (cotton, tea, spices, gold, rice, etc)	42
6240226028	sepoys	Indian soldiers hired by English men	43
6240226029	raj	the British Company's rule of India; administrative/social reform placed less emphasis on caste, aculturation, Christianity; supported Indian customs through superficial parades	44
6240226030	Indian textile industry	collapsed due to competition with British industrialization	45
6240226031	Sepoy Rebellion 1857	Sepoys revolt against British; was a severe shock to British; British government now assumes control of India	46
6240226032	causes of Sepoy Rebellion	animal fat greased bullet casings were against religion; forced to travel to places outside caste restrictions; sati abolished and divorce allowed	47
6240226033	expanding production in India	British empire's money led to agricultural commodities, irrigation systems, railroads, and telegraphs, but DOES NOT INDUSTRIALIZE INDIA AS A WHOLE, only does this to benefit themselves. spread of cholera also leads to new sewage systems	48
6240226034	Pan Indian nationalism	embracing Indian pride and some British culture	49
6240226035	First Indian National Congress 1885	national/Hindu unity, service to community/education, mostly members of high castes, overall gained no widespread Indian support	50
6240226037	Afrikaners	people of white descent in South Africa (French/Dutch)	51
6240226040	Australia	first sighted by Portuguese in 17th cent., colonized by English; Aborigines and Maori died off mostly; was a penal colony	52
6240226042	indentured servants	lower quality lives than British emigrants	53
6240226043	Shaka	gave Zulu new national identity	54
6240226044	West Africa	slavery still existed, purified Islam & jihad; largest states in Hausa (Sokoto Caliphate); more learning centers; less rights for women as slaves take their jobs	55
6240226048	The Crimean War	Russia's SW expansion bothers France & England so they fight with Ottoman allies and beat Russia	56
6240226050	Turkish nationalism	law that would permit all men to vote left Muslims worried that Ottoman Empire was no longer a Muslim society, contributed to hositlities against Christians and genocide against Armenians	57
6240226051	Young Turks	liberals who wanted westernized politics, constitutionalism, national Turkish state; 1826 granted a constitution but a coup placed a more conservative ruler in place and Ottoman was further weakened	58
6240226052	Qing China	restored peace and promoted expansion of agricultural economy	59
6240226053	White Lotus Rebellion	under Qing, wanted Buddhism and Ming ways back	60
6240226054	Opium war 1839-1850	Qin didn't take British opium trade seriously, banned opium in 1839, Lin Zenxu went to Canton to deal with British, ends w/ Treaty of Nanking which allowed British free trade and extraterritoriality	61
6240226055	Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864	pacified poorer Chinese but fell to Chinese/British/French alliance, resulted in 20 mil deaths, depopulation, 14 years of destruction, Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, resurgence of the Plague, and decentralized China	62
6240226057	inventions of the New Industrial Revolution	submarines, electric telegraphs, dynamite, plastics, steels, electricity = world trade increased	63
6240226058	Victorian Age	increased cleanliness, politeness, raise children, frowned on careers, etc	64
6240226059	working class women	domestic servants, textile factories, mothers; long hours, hard labor, sexual abuse, etc	65
6240226060	Karl Marx	wrote Communist Manifesto, despised capitalism wanted to ranslate his intellect into political action	66
6240226061	labor movements	formed by industrial workers to defend their interests in negotiations with employers (were accused of being communists)	67
6240226062	Italian unification	popular leaders with influence favored unification, Pope and Austria opposed it as Austria lost land; added Venetia and Papal states to territory	68
6240226063	German unification	wars led by Prussia divided German speakers among Prussia, West Austria, etc. Franco-Prussian War	69
6240226065	Otto Van Bismarck	formed loose coalition with Austria, Hungary, and Russia (Triple Alliance) which formed a strong sense of national unity	70
6240226067	Russia	czar Alexander II ended serfdom in 1861	71
6240226068	Russo-Japanese War	1904-05; fought over China, Japan won, formation of Dama in Russia	72
6240226070	Matthew C Perry	American Commodore sent by President Pierce to Japan with fleet of steam worships to demand Japan open trade in 1853	73
6240226071	Meiji Restoration	1868-1894; military reform, industrialization, science, engineering; was easy because Japan had a history of adaptation; raised money through taxes and selling government land	74
6240226072	Japanese Imperialism	authoritarian constitutional monarchy; sphere of influence in Korea/Manchuria/China	75
6240226075	motives for imperalism	political: national prestige/colonial agents cultural: missionary work, adventure, competition, nationalism economic: industrialization, demand for goods, entreprenuers	76
6240226077	Leopold II of Belgium	first to colonize Africa; wanted rubber from Congo; were violent	77
6240226078	Berlin Conference 1885	imperial countries met to split up Africa	78
6240226079	Cecil Rhodes	used British South African Company to take over land in Central Africa = Rhodesia	79
6240226080	Boer War 1899-1902	South African War, between English and Afrikaners; through Armistice treaty all joined collectively and formed the Union of South Africa in 1910	80
6240226081	apartheid	by Afrikaners and Union until mid 90s	81
6240226082	Menelik II	modernized Ethiopia and resisted Italy in 1896	82
6240226083	Thailand/Siam	resisted imperialism	83
6240226084	Spanish American War	Philippines annexed in 1898; also gained Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico)	84
6240226085	Monroe Doctrine	listed Latin America off limits to anyone but USA	85
6240226086	Panama Canal 1903	east to west travel, exploited Panama, took advantage of government	86
6240226087	Sharia law	the code of law derived from the Quran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed	87
6240226090	Zheng He	eunuch who led voyages of gigantic fleet through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa under Ming Dynasty	88
6240226091	Columbian Exchange	The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages	89

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AP World History Strayer Unit 6 Pt 1 Flashcards

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9046944058	World War I	The "Great War" (1914-1918), in essence a European civil war with global implications that was marked by massive casualties, the expansion of offensive military technology beyond tactics and means of defense, and a great deal of disillusionment with the whole idea of "progress."	0
9046944059	Treaty of Versailles	1919 treaty that officially ended World War I; the immense penalties it placed on Germany are regarded as one of the causes of World War II	1
9046944060	Woodrow Wilson	After World War I, this United States president sought to reduce the risk of war by writing the Fourteen Points that influenced the creation of the League of Nations.	2
9046944061	Fourteen Points	A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.	3
9046944062	Great Depression	A severe, world wide economic crisis which lasted from the end of 1929 to the outbreak of World War II.	4
9046944063	New Deal	A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.	5
9046944064	fascism	A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition	6
9046944065	Mussolini	founded fascism and ruled Italy for almost 21 years, most of that time as dictator. He dreamed of building Italy into a great empire, but he led his nation to defeat in World War II (1939-1945) and was executed by his own people.	7
9046944066	Nazism	Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s.	8
9046944067	Weimar Republic	German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.	9
9046944068	Hitler	(1889-1945) Totalitarian dictator of Germany; his invasion of European countries led to WWII. He espoused notions of racial superiority and was responsible for the mass murder of millions of Jews & others in the Holocaust.	10
9046944069	Revolutionary Right	Also known as Radical Nationalism, this was a movement in Japanese political life ca. 1930-1945 that was marked by extreme nationalism, a commitment to elite leadership focused around the emperor, and dedication to foreign expansion.	11
9046944070	21 Demands	A list of demands that sought to make China a Japanese protectorate	12
9046944071	World War II in Asia	A struggle essentially to halt Japanese imperial expansion in Asia, fought by the Japanese against primarily Chinese and American foes.Highlighted by naval and air warfare.	13
9046944072	World War II in Europe	A struggle essentially to halt German imperial expansion in Europe, fought by a coalition of allies that included Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.	14
9046944073	total war	A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.	15
9046944074	holocaust	A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.	16
9046944075	Etty Hillesum	a young Jewish grad student whose diary was published after her death; gave messages of hope and the worth of each person	17
9058916245	Nazi German	The group of people who believed in Nazism and supported the Nazi Party	18

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AP World History Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

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7873699810	hunting and gathering	Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization	0
7873699811	civilization	Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups	1
7873699812	neolithic	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	2
7873699813	nomadic societies	livestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	3
7873699814	culture	Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction	4
7873699815	agrarian revolution	Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture	5
7873699816	pastoralism	A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies	6
7873699817	Bronze Age	From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing	7
7873699818	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys	8
7873699819	Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin	Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China	9
7873699820	Big Geography	A term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.	10
7873699821	Paleolithic	The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.	11
7873699822	Human migration during Paleolithic era	movement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas	12
7873699823	eglitarian	equality among people (no social levels)	13
7873699824	tools	Humans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra	14
7873699825	Neolithic Revolution	period of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement	15
7873699826	patriarchy	father based/male dominated society	16
7873699827	climatic change	Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?	17
7873699828	weapons	Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations	18
7873699829	Nile River	This river flooded regularly.	19
7873699830	Tigris River	This river's floods were unpredictable.	20
7873699831	Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth	-Archaeologists have found evidence that these people travelled around in small, foraging bands that were basically egalitarian. Because they had no consistently reliable source of food, they were almost always on the move.	21
7873699832	Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies	- The practice of agriculture transformed the social and economic characteristics of human societies. It also changed the nature of the crops that were farmed.	22
7873699833	Key Concept 1.3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies	- Trade between these people spread ideas, technologies and even diseases. And as the needs of urban centers grew, the struggle for limited resources often led them to military conflict. And also, develop states, or governments, organized by bureaucracies and legitimized often by religious belief.	23
7873699834	Key Concept 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions	- Rulers appealed to these belief systems to justify their actions; common ethical and ceremonial traditions gave cohesion to society.Also as, beliefs were rarely homogeneous and deviations, reform movements, and differing interpretations could challenge the social order.	24
7873699835	Key Concept 2.2 The Development of States and Empires	- As empires acquired massive wealth, the unequal distribution of this wealth across social classes placed enormous pressure on the political and social order. Eventually, all of the classical civilizations could not deal with the problems created by their own internal or external crises.	25
7873699836	Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange	- Luxury goods and raw materials traveled in caravans and on boats to distant markets. Traveling with them were belief systems, ideas, technology, culture and diseases.	26
7873699837	Key Concept 3.1 Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks	Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade, and expanded the geographic range of existing and newly-active trade networks. https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.1	27
7873699838	Key Concept 3.2 Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions	Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged. Following the collapse of empires, most reconstituted governments, including the Byzantine Empire and the Chinese dynasties — Sui, Tang, and Song — combined traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations better suited to the current circumstances. Source: https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.2	28
7873699839	Key Concept 3.3 Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences	Innovations stimulated agricultural and industrial production in many regions. Agricultural production increased significantly due to technological innovations. source: https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.3	29
7873699840	Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization and Global Capitalism	Industrialization fundamentally altered the production of goods around the world. It not only changed how goods were produced and consumed, as well as what was considered a "good," but it also had far-reaching effects on the global economy, social relations, and culture.	30
7873699841	Key Concept 5.2 Imperialism and Nation-State Formation	Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires.II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world.III. New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified imperialism.	31
7873699842	Key Concept 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution, and ReformI.	The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded the revolutions and rebellions against existing governments.II. Beginning in the eighteenth century, peoples around the world developed a new sense of commonality based on language, religion, social customs and territory. These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state, while governments used this idea to unite diverse populations.III. Increasing discontent with imperial rule propelled reformist and revolutionary movements	32
7873699843	Key Concept 6.1 Science and the Environment New Technologies	rapid scientific advances. New communication & transportation eliminated geographic distance. New scientific paradigms/ understandings of the world.	33
7873699844	Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and their Consequences:	Europe dominated c.1900 but empires decline. New political form increase by c.2000. Older land-based empires collapsed. Colonies achieved independence through either negotiation or armed struggle.	34
7873699845	Key Concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, & Culture. States responded to economic challenges in various ways	Communist states directed the economy & oversaw development of industry. US & W. Europe states played minimal role until Great Depression, when they took more active role.	35