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Flashcards
Ethel Woods: AP World History Chapter 5 Flashcards
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| 5796592304 | Bedouins | People of the fringes of the desert zone: organized into kinship-based tribes and clans that often sparred with one another over natural resources | 0 | |
| 5796592305 | Ka'ba | Most revered shrine of Mecca-held the black stone | 1 | |
| 5796592306 | Black Stone | Sacred rock (probable meteorite) one of many idols-Muhammad later red educated to Allah | 2 | |
| 5796592307 | Jinns | Desert people spirits that were believed to reside in natural objects of the desert | 3 | |
| 5796592308 | Animism | Spirits residing in ordinary objects | 4 | |
| 5796592309 | Muhammad | Founder of Islam | 5 | |
| 5796592310 | Abu Bakr | Muhammad's successor | 6 | |
| 5796592311 | Qur'an | Muhammad's revelations were recorded in this book | 7 | |
| 5796592312 | Hadith | A collection of stories about and sayings of Muhammad | 8 | |
| 5796592313 | Shari'a | Law based on beliefs in the Qur'an | 9 | |
| 5796592314 | Seal of the prophets | The last of the prophets sent by God to communicate with humans | 10 | |
| 5796592315 | 5 Pillars of Faith | Basic principles of Islam | 11 | |
| 5796592316 | The confession of faith | "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet" | 12 | |
| 5796592317 | Prayer | 5 times daily facing towards mecca | 13 | |
| 5796592318 | Fasting | Once a year, during Ramadan | 14 | |
| 5796592319 | Alms | Giving a portion of wealth to help the needy | 15 | |
| 5796592320 | Hajj | Pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime | 16 | |
| 5796592321 | Caliph | Political and religious successor to Muhammad | 17 | |
| 5796592322 | Abu Bakt | One of Muhammad's earliest followers and closest friends: first caliph | 18 | |
| 5796592323 | Jihad | "Struggle"-internal effort for a Muslim to understand their faith | 19 | |
| 5796592324 | Shi'ites | Caliphs could only be members of Muhammad's family-minority | 20 | |
| 5796592325 | Umayyad dynasty | Dynasty founded by Mauwiya | 21 | |
| 5796592326 | Sunni | Caliph could be anyone-majority | 22 | |
| 5796592327 | Caliphates | Islamic empires | 23 | |
| 5796592328 | People of the Book | Jews and Christians | 24 | |
| 5796592329 | Ulama | Religious scholars | 25 | |
| 5796592330 | Vizier | Head of government directed by caliph | 26 | |
| 5796592331 | Golden ages | All the characteristics of a civilization plus a little something more | 27 | |
| 5796592332 | Dhows | Sailing vessels with lateen sails | 28 | |
| 5796592333 | The Thousand and One Nights | Based on stores told by Scheherazade and tell us about elite Arab society | 29 | |
| 5796592334 | Madrasas | Urban universities | 30 | |
| 5796592335 | Minaret | Prayer tower | 31 | |
| 5796592336 | Night Journey | Muhammad's transferring to Jerusalem and ascending into heaven and back | 32 |
AP World History Chapter 1 Flashcards
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| 9536318467 | Into Eurasia | 1. Migrations: 45,000-20,000 years ago: Starting 45,000 years ago, a series of migrations out of Africa and the Middle East populated Asia and Europe. Around 20,000 years ago, colder Ice Age temperatures moved humans from northern Europe towards the south and brought new hunting tools. 2. New hunting tools: Moving southwards, humans developed spears, bows, arrows, and stone tools to hunt reindeer and horses. 3. Cave paintings: Earliest existing records of representative human communication, mostly animals and human forms but also some abstract symbols. 4. Venus figurines: Female figures with exaggerated breasts and hips across Eurasia raise the possibility of widespread networks of human communication. | 0 | |
| 8780906482 | . Into Australia | 1. Migrations as early as 60,000 years ago: From Indonesia into Australia by boats, a human first. 2. Dreamtime: Contemporary Australian Aboriginal concept that expresses a worlds outlook that places human activity and knowledge in the continent's natural environment of rocks, rivers, and waterholes. | 1 | |
| 9536339811 | Into the Americas | 1. Bering Strait migrations: 30,000-15,000 years ago: Humans used land bridges created by colder temperatures and lower sea levels. 2. Clovis culture: Common type of projectile point called "Clovis point" found all over North America. Used by Clovis people to hunt large animals. 3. Large animal extinctions: Unclear why extinctions happened (perhaps over hunting or weather changes?) but suddenly Clovis culture disappeared. 4. Diversification of lifestyle: After the extinction of the mega-fauna, humans adapted to various ecological niches with some remaining mobile foragers and hunters and others developing agriculture and urbanization. | 2 | |
| 9536343174 | Into the Pacific | 1. Waterborne migrations 3,500-1,000 years ago: Migrations came from Solomon and Bismarck Islands near New Guinea and from the Philippines to all corners of the Pacific (and from Indonesia to Madagascar in the Indian Ocean) and showed exceptional seamanship and navigation skills. 2. Intentional colonization of new lands: Unlike other migrations, these were done by agricultural people with the intentional of finding new lands and creating new communities. Common pattern of highly stratified societies. 3. Human environmental impacts: Species such as the moa in New Zealand and many large trees of Rapa Nui were overused by these settlers, resulting in waves of manmade extinctions of flora and fauna. | 3 | |
| 9536355081 | The First Human Societies | 1.Small populations with low density: Bands of twenty-five to fifty people organized by kinship. Sumatran megavolcanic eruption 70,000 years ago lowered global temperatures and decreased human population to 10,000—a number that flirted with extinction. 2.Egalitarian societies: Small numbers and relatively little accumulated wealth made these Paleolithic communities very egalitarian with little social stratification and relative equality between the sexes. 3.Widespread violence: Without formal state systems, inter-personal violence was common and the community as a whole might punish a wrongdoer with death. | 4 | |
| 9536359362 | . Economy and the Environment | 1. The "original affluent society?": Gathering and hunting required fewer work hours than agriculture, allowing more leisure time. That said, these societies had limited needs to be met. 2. Altering the environment: Setting fires and hunting had clear impacts on the environment, showing early human alteration of the landscape and species, including extinctions. | 5 | |
| 9536364552 | The realm of the Spirit | 1. Ceremonial space: While it is very difficult to research spiritual beliefs of prehistoric people, there is clear evidence of specific sites such as caves associated with various forms of spiritual and ceremonial activity. 2. Cyclical view of time: While there were varieties of mono and polytheism in these cultures, there was a strong feminine dimension that concerned the regeneration and renewal of life. Thus the natural cycles of human life influenced early religious thought. | 6 | |
| 9536368496 | Settling Down: The Great Transition | 1. New tools and collecting wild grains: Micro-blades allowed more precision and dexterity for human work. Better spear points were developed, as were better knives, scrppers, and arrowheads. 2. Climate change and permanent communities: A warming trend in the long-term natural climate cycles altered the habitats of plants and animals, allowing many to flourish. This allowed some humans to settle down and create permanent dwellings such as the Jomon societies in Japan and the longhouses of Labrador. 3. Göbekli Tepe: "The First Temple": In southwestern Turkey, this 11,600-year-old site is built out of massive limestone pillars (some 16 tons) placed in a set of circles and decorated with carvings of animals. It is the product of gathering and hunting people who spent part of the year in a settled site. 4. Settlements make greater demands on the environment: Settlement allowed for population growth, but these larger communities needed more food, thus placing greater demand on the environment and creating a need to increase the food supply | 7 | |
| 9536377161 | Common Patterns | 1. Separate, independent, and almost simultaneous: Between 12,000-4,000 years ago, agriculture developed in Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia, several places in sub-Saharan Africa, China, New Guinea, Mesoamerica, the Andes, and eastern North America. As this happened within the context of 250,000 years of human history, it was surprisingly simultaneous. 2. Climate change: Warming started 16,000 years ago; by about 11,000 years ago, the Ice Age was over, creating warmer, wetter, and more stable conditions for human settlement and allowing for the flourishing of plants that were soon domesticated. 3. Gender patterns: As traditional plant gatherers, women likely led the way towards developing agriculture. As hunters, men likely led the way towards animal domestication. Many communities had long experience collecting plants such as grains in the Middle East and trapping animals such as eels in Australia. 4. A response to population growth: The warmer climate at the end of the Ice Age may have allowed a dramatic population growth of gatherer-hunter communities, thus necessitating a more abundant and stable food supply. Farming may have come after developing a sedentary way of life | 8 | |
| 9536381444 | Variations | 1. Local plants and animals determine path to agriculture: Geographical dispersion of various plants and animals suitable for domestication was quite varied and determined the path to agriculture. 2. Fertile Crescent first with a quick, 500-year transition: Due to climate changes and human migrations as well as grains suitable for cultivation, the Middle East saw a rapid transition to settled farming. 3. Multiple sites in Africa: With a dramatically different climate than contemporary Africa (the Sahara was wetter and fit for human habitation), multiple sites of agriculture developed south of the Sahara, each exploiting a plant adapted to that specific region. 4. Potatoes and Maize but few animals in the Americas: Lacking the cereal grains of the Fertile Crescent, the Americas saw the development of maize (corn) in Mesoamerica and potatoes in the Andes over a period of several thousand years. With the exception of the llama, the Americas lacked suitable animals for domestication. This was in sharp contrast to Eurasia. | 9 | |
| 9536390188 | Triumph and Resistance | 1. Diffusion and migration: Agriculture spread by diffusion, which involved exposure and adoption. The spread from China into Southeast Asia is an example of this process. Agriculture also spread by migration, which involved agricultural ways of life being forced on conquered people or the displacement of existing communities. The sub-Saharan African Bantu migrations illustrate this phenomenon. 2. Resistance: Some resisted agriculture for environmental reasons. For some, their land was not well suited but for others, the land was so abundant that they did not need farming. 3. End of old ways of life: Settled agricultural communities were often incompatible with gathering and hunting groups, leading to violent displacement. Some pre-agricultural societies were changed by exposure to technology and epidemic diseases and others inter-married with members of the new settled societies. | 10 | |
| 9536394094 | The Culture of Agriculture | 1. Dramatic population increase: 6,000,000 people in the world 10,000 years ago, 50,000,000 people 5,000 years ago, and 250,000,000 people 2,000 years ago. 2. Increased human impact on the environment: More humans meant a greater impact on the planet, specifically human selection of favorable plants and animals. Early examples of overuse of land were soil erosion and deforestation. 3. Negative health impacts: Agricultural life led to shorter life expectancy; people had a shorter physical stature and were plagued by tooth decay, anemia, and malnutrition. Relying on small numbers of crops and animals meant these communities were vulnerable to famine brought on by crop failure or drought. 4. Technological innovations: As seen in Banpo (near present day Xian, China), there was an explosion of technological development such as pottery, jewelry, weaponry, and tool making. Animals were used for secondary purposes, such as hides, wool, milking, and transport. 5. Alcohol: Wine and beer became common between 5400 and 4000 B.C.E., as did rowdy behavior. Drunken debauchery and carousing among the aristocracy prompted an unsuccessful effort by one Chinese ruler around 1046 B.C.E. to outlaw wine. Mesopotamians regarded beer as a symbol of civilization. | 11 | |
| 9536397712 | Pastoral Societies | 1. Environmental factors: Arctic tundra, deserts, and grasslands were generally not favorable to settled agriculture, but they were good for animal husbandry. 2. Milk, meat, and blood: These became central to the diet of these communities. 3. Mobility: Communities moved about with their animals looking for seasonally appropriate and unexploited grazing lands. 4. Conflict with settled communities: Age-old conflict existed between the wealthier, settled communities and the nomadic herders, with the mobile, yet poorer communities desirous of the wealth and diverse products of the villages, towns, and cities. | 12 | |
| 9536398805 | . Agriculture Village Societies | 1. Social equality: Ties to social patterns of gathering and hunting communities continued in communities that did without formal state systems of kings, chiefs, and bureaucrats. 2. Gender equity: Importance of female work in farming and textile work gave women social importance. 3. Kinship ties and role of elders: Without a formal state system, extended family ties linked people together with elders exercising authority (this created the opportunity for the abuse of power). | 13 | |
| 9536407600 | Chiefdom's | 1. Not force but gifts, rituals, and charisma: Power came not from physical force or violence but by giving gifts, performing religious and political rituals, and personal charisma. 2. Religious and secular authority: Chiefs combined the sacred and the political. 3. Collection and redistribution of tribute: Chiefs collected food and manufactured items from the commoners and redistributed them to warriors. | 14 |
AP World History First Test Flashcards
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| 7255076442 | North America | 12 | 0 | |
| 7255077020 | Latin America | 11 | 1 | |
| 7255078884 | Central Asia | 1 | 2 | |
| 7255081681 | East Asia | 2 | 3 | |
| 7255084053 | Southeast Asia | 3 | 4 | |
| 7255085840 | South Asia | 4 | 5 | |
| 7255088990 | Middle East | 5 | 6 | |
| 7255093423 | East Africa | 6 | 7 | |
| 7255360256 | Central Africa | 7 | 8 | |
| 7255373681 | West Africa | 8 | 9 | |
| 7255375545 | Central Africa | 9 | 10 | |
| 7255377002 | South Africa | 10 | 11 | |
| 7255393229 | Old, Middle, and New Kingdom | - A way that scholars divide Egyptian History Each period represents the political powers and cultural achievements of that era Intermediate periods within the old, middle, and new kingdoms signaled political fragmentation and cultural decline | 12 | |
| 7255405383 | Mandate of Heaven | The leader of the Zhou dynasty was chosen by a supreme deity and could stay ruler as long as they were good to the people. The king would be withdrawn from rule if they did wrong as the last king of the Shang had | 13 | |
| 7255410427 | Epic of Gilgamesh | - Gilgamesh (super hero kind of the city of Uruk) The epic starts as the goddess of creation fashioned a wild man Enkidu Gilgamesh learns of Enkidu and send a temple prostitute to tame him after her seduction causes the wild beasts to shun him The prostitute then clothes Enkidu and teaches him to eat cooked food, drink beer, bathe, and apply oil to his body The prostitutes words and actions signal the principal traits of civilized life in the Sumner culture There are also divine comparisons of the wild Enkidu show Summers dependence on grain and livestock This Epic relates to Sumerian culture Shows how valuable the ambition of kings is to the kingdom | 14 | |
| 7255418694 | Analects | - Analects of Confucius is a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled and written by Confucius' followers. | 15 | |
| 7255421257 | Ziggurats | - A multistory, mud-brick, pyramid-shaped tower approached by ramps/ stairs Scholars are still departing the purpose and/or symbolic meeting | 16 | |
| 7255424107 | Andes Mountains | - mountainous core, arid costal plain, and dense interior jungles Challenged the human population which lead to regional production and complex social institutions Created shared labor responsibilities between civilizations | 17 | |
| 7255426353 | Akhnation | - Ruled over by Sargon who strived for universal dominion? Cuneiform a way of writing was adopted in this city state | 18 | |
| 7255430016 | Tres Zapotes and La Venta | - Tres Zapotes last dominant center rising to power after the fall of La venta in about 600 B.C.E - La venta most important center of Olmec culture after 900 B.C.E - It is unclear the connection between the two, they may have been rival city states - Both seemed to exploit and exchange products such as salt, cacao, clay, and limestone | 19 | |
| 7255431579 | Ramses II | Came into power after Akhenaton who caused the decline of Egyptian power in Asia along with King Tut Goal was to restore Egyptian power in Asia | 20 | |
| 7255433237 | Legalism | - The wealth and power of the state and its demands for obedience were justified by an authoritarian political philosophy | 21 | |
| 7255434602 | Pharaoh | - New kingdom term From the Egyptian phrase that means "palace" From old kingdom on the king was considered as a god on earth The pharaoh was believed to be the "incarnation of Horus and the son of the sun-god "Re" | 22 | |
| 7255436570 | Sargon the Great | - ruler of Akkad around 2350 BCE United many cities under one kind and capital He was know as King of Sumner and Akkad which symbolized his goal of universal dominion His family member who survived 120 years after him continued his legacy by conquering cities and placing government back by the Akkadian troops Soliders were given land to ensure loyalty Adopted cuneiform | 23 | |
| 7255438186 | Cuneiform | - Used by the Sumerians to communicate their own language A way of penmanship | 24 | |
| 7255439805 | Loess | - yellow-brownish distance that had been blown from central axis since prehistoric times These particles gave the yellow river its name and hue Created soft fertile soil | 25 | |
| 7255445599 | Paleolithic Age | - Also know as the Old Stone Age Lasted until 10,000 years ago Started about 3,000 years after the end of the last ice age | 26 | |
| 7255449698 | Neolithic Age | - Also know as the new Stone Age - Associated with the origins of agriculture, followed | 27 | |
| 7255452122 | Semitic | - refers to a family of languages spoken in parts of western Asia and northern Africa - Sematic includes Hebrew, Aramaic, Phoecian, and Arabic, which is Phoecian of the new world | 28 | |
| 7255457277 | Anthropomorphic | - the way people recognized their gods Like human in form and conduct The gods were like humans with bodies and senses Sought nourishment from sacrifice Enjoyed the worship and obedience of humanity Experienced human emotions Humanity's religious beliefs relied on fear of the gods | 29 | |
| 7255462128 | Hammurabi | - 1792-1750 BCE Imitated aggressive military campaigns Ruler over the "Old Babylonian state", which eventually had over taken Sumner and Akkad Provided judges with a length set of examples illustrating the principles to be used in deciding case (Hammurabi's famous law code) Law code reflects social divisions that may have been valid for other places and times Identified the three social classes of the free landowning class, the class of the dependent farmers and the lowest class of slaves Punishment was received by discrepancies in the lower classes who tried to break their fixed positions | 30 | |
| 7261384345 | Amulets | - small charms meant to protect the bearer from evil | 31 | |
| 7261384899 | Papyrus | - An Egyptian natural resource The papyrus reeds grew in marshy areas The fibers of the papyrus reeds made good sails, ropes, and paper A writing material written on with ink Used by scribes Exported in large quantities thought the ancient world The word "paper" comes from the Greek and Roman words for papyrus | 32 | |
| 7261385543 | Harappa | - a community that flourished from 2600 to 1900 B.C.E Inus Vallley Civilization Due to the high water table it is hard to find early remains of these sites Schloars once belived that the people of this community spoke Dravidian languages which are related to those languages spoken today in southern India The Indus Valley civilization created writing system with many syllables and characters Farm land and pastureland 3.5 miles in circumference Population of 35,000 Gateway for copper mad precious stones | 33 | |
| 7261388313 | Mohenjo-Daro | - several times the population of Harappa Located on the foot plains of the Indus valley (See Harappa for more info) | 34 | |
| 7261392810 | Shang | - originated in the part of the yellow river that's lies in the present day providence of Henan after 1750 BCE Extended their control into Mongolia and Gansu, and south to the Yangzi river valley Dominated by warrior aristocracy who favored warfare and honing for pleasure Ruled by a king and his court Aristocracy held many important roles in the community The king often traveled around to the courts of his subordinates Various capital cities | 35 | |
| 7261392811 | Zhou | - A dependent sate in the Wei river valley Longest lasting dynasty in Chinese history Preserved the essentials of Shang culture, but added new ideology ND technology Chief deity was heaven, monarch called the "son of heaven" The monarch had a rule called the mandate of heaven | 36 | |
| 7261392812 | Daoism | - believed to have lived in the 6th century B.C.E Sought to stop warfare of the age by urging humanity to follow the "Dao" or path Following the path of nature Daoism belived that the world is always changing and lacks any absolute morality or meaning Idealized following your own path | 37 | |
| 7261393440 | Kush | - later know as Nubia, today part of southern Egypt and Northern Sudan Egyptian control extended farther south into Kush Located near the Nile river delta The hot and sunny climate was perfect for Agriculture Earliest urbanized center in tropical Africa | 38 | |
| 7261394092 | Hyksos | -Traditionally, only the Fifteenth Dynasty rulers are called Hyksos. -The Greek name "Hyksos" was coined by Manetho to identify the Fifteenth Dynasty of Asiatic rulers of northern Egypt. -In Egyptian Hyksos means "ruler(s) of foreign countries", however, Josephus mistranslated Hyksos as "Shepherd Kings". | 39 | |
| 7261398615 | Tigris/Euphrates | - located in Iraq Periodic flooding fertilized the land with silt Provided water for agriculture To control the floods, the peoples living near the river created new technologies and of political and social organization. | 40 | |
| 7261398616 | Huang-He River | - Located in china - Periodic flooding fertilized the land with silt Provided water for agriculture To control the floods, the peoples living near the river created new technologies and of political and social organization. | 41 | |
| 7261398617 | Yangzi River | - Responsible for the great cultivation of rice The flooding and irrigation help control the growth of the weeds and also aided in supreme cultivation of the rice Also carried small microorganisms which kept a healthy soil | 42 | |
| 7261399825 | KIng Tut | - Tutankhamen was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom or sometimes the New Empire Period. - He has, since his discovery, been colloquially referred to as King Tut. | 43 | |
| 7261399826 | Ka | - noun, Egyptian Religion. - A spiritual entity, an aspect of the individual, believed to live within the body during life and to survive it after death. | 44 | |
| 7261399248 | KIng Tut | - Tutankhamen was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom or sometimes the New Empire Period. - He has, since his discovery, been colloquially referred to as King Tut. | 45 | |
| 7261396253 | Tigris/Euphrates | - located in Iraq Periodic flooding fertilized the land with silt Provided water for agriculture To control the floods, the peoples living near the river created new technologies and of political and social organization. | 46 | |
| 7261396254 | Huang-He River | - Located in china - Periodic flooding fertilized the land with silt Provided water for agriculture To control the floods, the peoples living near the river created new technologies and of political and social organization. | 47 | |
| 7261395552 | Tigris/Euphrates | - located in Iraq Periodic flooding fertilized the land with silt Provided water for agriculture To control the floods, the peoples living near the river created new technologies and of political and social organization. | 48 | |
| 7261390695 | Shang | - originated in the part of the yellow river that's lies in the present day providence of Henan after 1750 BCE Extended their control into Mongolia and Gansu, and south to the Yangzi river valley Dominated by warrior aristocracy who favored warfare and honing for pleasure Ruled by a king and his court Aristocracy held many important roles in the community The king often traveled around to the courts of his subordinates Various capital cities | 49 | |
| 7261390696 | Zhou | - A dependent sate in the Wei river valley Longest lasting dynasty in Chinese history Preserved the essentials of Shang culture, but added new ideology ND technology Chief deity was heaven, monarch called the "son of heaven" The monarch had a rule called the mandate of heaven | 50 | |
| 7261390697 | Daoism | 51 | ||
| 7261389958 | Shang | - originated in the part of the yellow river that's lies in the present day providence of Henan after 1750 BCE Extended their control into Mongolia and Gansu, and south to the Yangzi river valley Dominated by warrior aristocracy who favored warfare and honing for pleasure Ruled by a king and his court Aristocracy held many important roles in the community The king often traveled around to the courts of his subordinates Various capital cities | 52 | |
| 7270425027 | Hatshepsut | - Hatshepsut was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the second historically confirmed female pharaoh, the first being Sobekneferu. Hatshepsut came to the throne of Egypt in 1478 BC. | 53 | |
| 7270450139 | Confucious | - Had not been successful in gaining administrative posts Doctrine of duty and public service was initially aimed at aristocrats He wanted to become a central influence in Chinese thought Teachings included folk religion and the rites of the Zhou royal family Veneration of the ancestors and elders and worship of the deity heaven He drew a parrllel between family and the state: father first, then the son, and the daughters and wives at the bottom Teachings emphasized benevolence, avoidance of violence, justice, rationalism, loyalty, and dignity | 54 |
ap world history chapter 31 Flashcards
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| 6173453047 | maifest destiny | the us citizen dream to occupy all of north america from atlantic to pacific coastlines, this dream came with american westward expansion, after lewis and clark mapped the territory west of the mississippi, a concept of the 1840s | 0 | |
| 6173463710 | trail of tears | 1838-1839, an 800 mile migration that the native american cherokee tribe was forced to endure, part of the indian removal act, a long march to oklahoma, thousands of native americans died of disease, starvation, and the difficulties of relocation, giving the march its name | 1 | |
| 6173475645 | mexican-american war | tensions and war that was generated by us western expansion, sparked when texas declared independence and was soon annexed by the united states, the us army brutally destroyed the mexican army | 2 | |
| 6173497051 | little big horn | a native american vs euro-american battle in 1876 in southern montana, thousands of lakota sioux and their allies annihilated the euro-american army under the command of colonel geroge armstrong custer, the natives ultimately lost the war against us western expansion | 3 | |
| 6173505714 | wounded knee | the slaughtering of 200+ native american men and women by us cavalry forces after a native man accidentally shot a gun, it syblolized the US's treatment of the native american peoples | 4 | |
| 6173514857 | treaty of guadalupe hidalgo | the treaty that ended the mexican-american war and in which the US took about 50% of mexico's territory in exchange for $15 mil, land; texas north of the rio grande, california, and new mexico | 5 | |
| 6173520914 | cuadillos | regional military leaders that came to power in much of latin america, they appealed to populist sentiments and exploiting the discontent of the masses | 6 | |
| 6173524304 | la reforma | the independence of mexico that generated a liberal reform movement, it was led by mexican president Benito Juarez, took place during the 1850s and aimed to limit the power of the military and the roman catholic church, wanted to create a middle class, led to the creation of a mexican constitution in 1857, granted universal male suffrage and freedom of speech and placed indigenous people on private lands | 7 | |
| 6175924999 | mexican revolution | 1910-1920, a bloody mexican civil war, conflict started when the middle class and peasants and workers joined to overthrow dictator Porfirio Diaz, the 1st latin american attempt to topple an unequal society, 95% of the peasant workers were landless, it became a racial war, they used guerrilla warfare against the government, the war came to an end when the rebellions leaders were killed | 8 | |
| 6175944422 | california gold rush | the finding of precious metal deposits that attracted many migrants to california, started in 1849, many asians (japanese, chinese) migrated in search of fortune | 9 | |
| 6175954132 | railroad time | a series of timezones created in 1883 by railroad companies to avoid complicated and dangerous scheduling errors bc all cities set their clocks based on the sun so each individual city had its own specific time, it was quickly adopted by the general public and the by us government in 1918 | 10 | |
| 6176079951 | reconstruction | after the american civil war slaves were politically free but not socially equal, the north sent military forces to the south to force them to undergo a program of social and political reform, they enforced black male rights to vote, the loss of these northern armies created a vacuum of power and caused the local black people to lose most of their freedoms | 11 | |
| 6176102551 | seneca falls convention | 1848, a convention where the growing women's movement met and declared their declaration of sentiments, which was modeled on the declaration of independence, they fought for equal rights, more opportunities, more access to education, more employment opportunities, and alternatives to marriage and domesticity | 12 | |
| 6176126583 | northwest rebellion | organized in 1885 in the Saskatchewan river country by recently exiled Louis Riel, it was a resistance against the transpacific canadian railroad and british canadian settlement | 13 | |
| 6176145366 | guachos | argentine cowboys, lived on the pampa lands, a symbol of latin american identity, they led independent and self-sufficient lives, they had distinctive dress, and were often romanticized through song and poem | 14 | |
| 6176157099 | machismo | a latin american social ethic that honored male strength, courage, aggressiveness, assertive, and cunning traits, some women were discontent with this, it was very prominent in guachos | 15 | |
| 6176300907 | abraham lincoln | elected as president of the united states in 1860 and was the spark that ignited the civil war, he was anti-slavery, he signed the emancipation proclamation in 1863 | 16 | |
| 6176302333 | john macdonald | the first prime minister of canada, he wanted to incorporate all of british north american into the canadian dominion, he negotiated the purchase of huge northwest territories from the hudson bay company, he got manitoba, british columbia, and prince edward island to join the dominion, he oversaw the construction of a transcontinental railroad | 17 | |
| 6176305090 | juan manuel de rosas | one of the most notable cuadillos, ruled argentina from 1829-1852, which at the time was badly divided between the urban residents of Buenos Aires and the country residents (cattle-herders and guachos), he worked to centralized the government, accused of launching a reign of terror to stifle rebellions, he ultimately restored order | 18 | |
| 6176306747 | antinio lopez de santa ana | a cuadillo general during the mexican-american war | 19 | |
| 6176309859 | benito juarez | a president of mexico who led a liberal reform movement to reshape mexican society, he attempted to create a middle class, granted universal male suffrage and other social freedoms, | 20 | |
| 6176311200 | porfirio diaz | the mexican dictator during the mexican revolution that the rebels tried to over throw | 21 | |
| 6176311201 | emiliano zapata | a revolutionary leader during the mexican revolution, he was the son of a mestizo peasant, he confiscated hacienda lands and redistributed them to peasants, he was killed when ambushed by government forces | 22 | |
| 6176312782 | francisco villa | another revolutionary leader during the mexican revolution, he was the son of a field worker, he attacked and killed us citizens in retaliation for us support of mexican government officials, he was assassinated in 1923 | 23 | |
| 6176315133 | domingo faustino sarmiento | an argentine president who despised the rule of the cuadillos, he was heavily influenced by the enlightenment | 24 | |
| 6176315134 | louis riel | leader of the metis and indigenous peoples of western canada, he assumed presidency of a provisional government in 1870, his government was soon outlawed by the canadian government officials and sent to exile, in 1885 he organized the northwestern rebellion as a form of resistance against the canadian transcontinental railroad and british settlement | 25 | |
| 6176316043 | jose hernandez | a poet who romanticized the guacho life and protested its decline in epic poetry, he proclaimed the pride of guachos | 26 | |
| 6176316044 | adela zaudio | a bolivian poet who wrote "to be born a man" which voiced her discontent with male domination and machismo, she bitterly pointed out that a talented women could not vote while ignorant males could | 27 |
Ap World History Period 3 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5138998420 | Abbasid | An Arabic dynasty (750-1258) that expanded the Muslim empire from Baghdad; named for al-Abbas, paternal uncle the prophet Muhammad. The third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Its dynasty descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, from whom the dynasty takes its name. | 0 | |
| 5138998421 | Abu Bakr | First caliph of the Muslim empire (632-634). He was one of the earliest converts to Islam and ascended to power after the death of his son-in-law Muhammad, establishing Islam as a political and military force throughout Arabia. A senior companion (Sahabi) and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death. As caliph, he succeeded to the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad. | 1 | |
| 5138998422 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites; he was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; after his assassination Islam was divided into Shiite and Sunnite sects. Orthodox caliph | 2 | |
| 5138998423 | Caliph | The spiritual head and temporal ruler of the Muslim community, between 656 and 661 CE which was one of the hardest periods in Muslim history that coincided with the first Muslim civil war. He reigned over Rashidun empire which was extended from Central Asia in the east to North Africa in the west. Many Muslims consider his government as the Islamic style of justice and tolerance on one side and tough following of Islamic law on the other. | 3 | |
| 5138998424 | Crusade | Invasion of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially when Palestine captured Jerusalem and established Christians kingdoms enduring until 1291. | 4 | |
| 5138998425 | Dar al-Islam | The literal meaning of the Arabic words is "the abode of Islam." The term refers to the land of Islam that is, the territories in which Islam and it's religious laws (Shari'a) may be freely practiced. Also, sometimes, called dar as-Salam, "the abode of peace." | 5 | |
| 5138998426 | Delhi Sultanate | Centralized Indian empire of varied extent, created by Muslims invaders | 6 | |
| 5138998427 | Fatimids | Ruler of Egypt began their administration in Fustat and expanded it to Cairo in 969 | 7 | |
| 5138998428 | Hajj | The fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu-al-Qadash | 8 | |
| 5138998429 | Hijra | The "migration" or flight of Muhammad from Mecca, where his life was in danger, to Medina (then called Yathrib), where he was welcomed as a potential leader in 622 CE. The Islamic era (A.H.: After Hijra) is calculated from this date. | 9 | |
| 5138998430 | Imam | In Islam, a title for a person whose leadership or example is to be followed. | 10 | |
| 5138998431 | Inquisition | A former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church created to discover and suppress heresy. | 11 | |
| 5138998432 | Jihad | Sacred struggle which is also sometime consider a sixth pillar. It should only be practiced in self-defense. | 12 | |
| 5138998433 | Ka'aba | The stone cubical structure in the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Mecca, believed to have been built by Abraham and regarded by Muslims as the sacred center of the earth. | 13 | |
| 5138998434 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the 13th to 15th centuries. It was famous for it role in the trans-saharan gold trade. | 14 | |
| 5138998435 | Mansa Musa | This Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 to 1337, he was the most powerful king in the West Africa. | 15 | |
| 5138998436 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center;dominated by Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam. | 16 | |
| 5138998437 | Medina | A city of western Saudi Arabia north of Mecca. The Mosque of the Prophet, containing Muhammad's tomb, is a holy site for Muslim pilgrims. The second most holy city of Islam (after Mecca). | 17 | |
| 5138998438 | Baghdad | the capital of Iraq, on the River Tigris: capital of the Abbasid Caliphate (762-1258). | 18 | |
| 5138998439 | House of Wisdom | An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun. Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s. | 19 | |
| 5138998440 | Muhammad | Prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 20 | |
| 5138998441 | Quran | The word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into a Holy book of Islam. | 21 | |
| 5138998442 | Reconquista | The Christians reconquest of Spain | 22 | |
| 5138998443 | Seljuk Turks | Nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leaders. | 23 | |
| 5138998444 | Shari'a | The code of law derived from the Quran from the teaching and the examples of Muhammad | 24 | |
| 5138998445 | Shi'a | Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son in law, Ali. | 25 | |
| 5138998446 | Sufi | In Islam, a member of one of the orders practicing mystical form of worship that first arose in the eighth and ninth centuries C.E. | 26 | |
| 5138998447 | Sundiata | The founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes. | 27 | |
| 5138998448 | Sunni | A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the 1st 4 caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad. | 28 | |
| 5138998449 | Ummayyad | Established by Muarviya moved capital from Medina to Damascus that action split Islam into Sunni and Shia. | 29 | |
| 5138998450 | Black Death | The epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly 1/2 the people of Western Europe. | 30 | |
| 5138998451 | Free market economy | An economic system in which the means of production and largely privately owned and there is little or no government control over the markets. | 31 | |
| 5138998452 | Ghana Empire | The first Western African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade. | 32 | |
| 5138998453 | Great Zimbabwe | In southeastern Africa, the Shona people established this city which grew into an empire built on the gold trade. By 1450, this city was mysteriously abandoned. | 33 | |
| 5138998454 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholars, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and western Sudan. | 34 | |
| 5138998455 | Mali Empire | Created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the 13 to 15 centuries. It was famous for it's role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | 35 | |
| 5138998456 | Ming dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China 1368, lasted until 1644??; Initially mounted huge trade expeditions to Southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 36 | |
| 5138998457 | Monsoon | Seasonal wind of Indian Ocean. | 37 | |
| 5138998458 | Pax Mongolica | Era of relative peace and stability created by Mongol Empire. | 38 | |
| 5138998459 | Song dynasty | The imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279, noted for art and literature and philosophy. | 39 | |
| 5138998460 | Songhay | Empire kept the trade route secure, gained power over trade, traders and trade routes (Mali and Ghana too). | 40 | |
| 5138998461 | Temujin/Chinggis Khan | Birth name of the Mongol leader better known as Chinggis Khan, Mongol leader who led their conquests westwards and who is renowned for his ability and his ruthlessness. | 41 | |
| 5138998462 | Tenochtitlán | Aztec capital city. | 42 | |
| 5138998463 | Zheng He | Made largest voyages, trade silk, porcelains and peppers. 7 ocean going expeditions under eunuch Zheng He. He urge government for foreign trade when Ming limit the contact with foreigners. | 43 | |
| 5138998464 | Anselm | (1033-1109), they stressed the need for and intellectual basis for faith, they emphasized the need for a rational approach to the interpretation of texts, (believed pure faith was not enough to attain starvation) | 44 | |
| 5138998465 | Bartolomeu Dias | In 1488, Portuguese explorer reached southern tip of Africa and turned northward for 300 miles. His crew refused to go further towards India. | 45 | |
| 5138998466 | Francis of Assisi | Gave away all his possessions to the poor. Franciscans followed his teachings. The religious he founded became the largest in Europe. | 46 | |
| 5138998467 | Guilds | A sworn association of people who gathers for some common purpose. In the towns of medieval Europe, guilds of craftsmen or merchants were formed to protect and further their business interests and for mutual aids. | 47 | |
| 5138998468 | Hanseatic League | The most famous and powerful guild group. | 48 | |
| 5138998469 | Henry the Navigator | Sailed down the coast of West Africa, motivation to defeat Muslim power over African trade routes. Established a center of study of navigation and shipbuilding at the southwestern tip of Portugal. | 49 | |
| 5138998470 | Humanism | Cultural movement initiated in Western Europe in the 14th. Century deriving from the rediscovery and study of Greeks and Roman literacy texts. Most of humanists continued to believe in God, but emphasized the study of humans. | 50 | |
| 5138998471 | Johannes Gutenberg | German, had printed the the first book set in movable type, the Bible. | 51 | |
| 5138998472 | Joseph Banks | A young scientist who made vast contributions to Botany and Zoology on the basis of his findings on this voyage. He was the botanists to study natives species. | 52 | |
| 5138998473 | Leif Eriksson | First person to set foot in the New World. | 53 | |
| 5138998474 | Medici | It's family provided rick support to illustrate, creative artists developed and expressed their genius in Florence. | 54 | |
| 5138998475 | Renaissance | A rebirth of classical ideas in European through literature, art, manners and sensibility. It gave a new orientation to religious expressions, more earthy, more fleshy, than it had been throughout medieval European times. It is a period of cultural and intellectual creativity in Western Europe between 1300 and 1570. | 55 | |
| 5138998476 | Thomas Aquinas | The greatest Christian theologian of his age, paved the way for new ideas of Renaissance and supported Aristotle's theory and believed in logic and reasoning and faith. | 56 | |
| 5138998477 | Vasco de Balboa | First European to see Pacific Ocean, beheaded by Spain King who falsely accused him of treason. | 57 | |
| 5138998478 | Vasco de Gama | Expedition on behalf of Portuguese Crown completed by sea link from Europe around Africa to India. He established the policy of using military force to create Portuguese power in the Indian Ocean. | 58 | |
| 5138998479 | Vikings | One of a seafaring Scandinavians people who raided the coasts of Northern and Western Europe from 18th through 10th century. | 59 | |
| 5138998480 | William the Conqueror | Duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the 1st Norman to be King of England. | 60 | |
| 5138998481 | Theocracy | A system of government based on religious beliefs and texts and headed by religious leaders. | 61 | |
| 5138998482 | Caliphate | The office or jurisdiction of a caliph. The last caliphate was held by Ottoman Turkish sultans until it was abolished by Kemal Atatürk in 1924. | 62 | |
| 5138998483 | Orthodox Christians | Eastern Church (Greek & Russian Orthodox) Also called: Byzantine Church, Eastern Orthodox Church or Greek Orthodox Church the collective body of those Eastern Churches that were separated from the western Church in the 11th century and are in communion with the Greek patriarch of Constantinople | 63 | |
| 5138998484 | Justinian Code | the legal code of ancient Rome; codified under Justinian; the basis for many modern systems of civil law. | 64 | |
| 5138998485 | Feudalism | A political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture. A political, economic, or social order resembling this medieval system. | 65 | |
| 5138998486 | Vassal | A person who held land from a feudal lord and received protection in return for homage and allegiance. | 66 | |
| 5138998487 | Serfs | An agricultural worker or peasant bound to the land and legally dependent on the lord. They had their own homes, plots, and livestock, but they owed the lord labor, dues, and services. These services could be commuted to rent, but they remained chattels of the lord unless they were emancipated, or escaped. Serfdom declined in Western Europe in the late medieval period, but persisted in parts of Eastern Europe until the 19th century. | 67 | |
| 5138998488 | Manor | The district over which a lord had domain and could exercise certain rights and privileges in medieval western Europe. | 68 | |
| 5138998489 | Fief | the property or fee granted to a vassal for his maintenance by his lord in return for service. | 69 | |
| 5138998490 | Chivalry | The qualities idealized by knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and gallantry toward women. | 70 | |
| 5138998491 | Burghers | a member of the trading or mercantile class of a medieval city. | 71 | |
| 5138998493 | Heresy | A belief that is not in agreement with, or even conflicts with, the official orthodoxy of its time and place. Heretics, those who espoused heresies, were often persecuted. | 72 | |
| 5138998494 | Magna Carta | the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215. | 73 | |
| 5138998495 | Tang Dynasty | the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907. | 74 | |
| 5138998496 | Yuan Dynasty | he imperial dynasty of China from 1279 to 1368. | 75 | |
| 5138998497 | Kublai Khan | Mongol emperor (1260-1294) and founder of the Mongol dynasty in China. A grandson of Genghis Khan, he conquered the Song dynasty (1279) and established a great capital, now Beijing, where he received Marco Polo (1275-1292). | 76 | |
| 5138998499 | Bureaucracy | a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. the officials in this can be considered as a group or hierarchy. | 77 | |
| 5138998500 | Foot binding | the compressing of the feet of girls with tight bandages (as formerly in China) so as to keep the feet from being over three or four inches long | 78 | |
| 5138998501 | Heian Japan | of or relating to the period in Japan, a.d. 794-1185, characterized by the modification and naturalization of ideas and institutions that were earlier introduced from China. | 79 | |
| 5138998503 | Bushido Code | The traditional code of the Japanese samurai, stressing honor, self-discipline, bravery, and simple living, the code of the samurai in feudal Japan, stressing loyalty and obedience and valuing honor above life. | 80 | |
| 5138998504 | Samurai | The hereditary warrior aristocrats of Japanese society, known for their code of honor and loyalty, were permitted to wear swords in their everyday dress. | 81 | |
| 5138998505 | Ottoman Turks | a Turk (especially a Turk who is a member of the tribe of Osman I) | 82 | |
| 5138998506 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565) | 83 | |
| 5138998508 | Franks | A member of one of the Germanic tribes of the Rhine region in the early Christian era, especially one of the Salian Franks who conquered Gaul about ad 500 and established an extensive empire that reached its greatest power in the ninth century. | 84 | |
| 5138998509 | Clovis | king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy; his name was rendered as Gallic `Louis' (466-511) | 85 | |
| 5138998510 | Charles Martel | Frankish ruler of Austrasia (715-741) who in 732 halted the European invasion of the Moors. His grandson was Charlemagne. He checked the Muslim invasion of Europe by defeating the Moors at Poitiers (732). | 86 | |
| 5138998511 | Charlemagne | 742-814 ad, king of the Franks (768-814) and, as Charles I, Holy Roman Emperor (800-814). He conquered the Lombards (774), the Saxons (772-804), and the Avars (791-799). He instituted many judicial and ecclesiastical reforms, and promoted commerce and agriculture throughout his empire, which extended from the Ebro to the Elbe. Under Alcuin his court at Aachen became the centre of a revival of learning. | 87 | |
| 5138998512 | Battle of Tours | near Poitiers, France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe. Abd-ar-Rahman, the Muslim governor of Cordoba, was killed in the fighting, and the Moors retreated from Gaul, never to return in such force. Victory at Tours ensured the ruling dynasty of Martel's family, the Carolingians. His son Pepin became the first Carolingian king of the Franks, and his grandson Charlemagne carved out a vast empire that stretched across Europe. | 88 | |
| 5138998513 | Holy Roman Empire | the complex of European territories under the rule of the Frankish or German king who bore the title of Roman emperor, beginning with the coronation of Charlemagne in 800 ad. The last emperor, Francis II, relinquished his crown in 1806. | 89 | |
| 5138998514 | Magyars | A member of the principal ethnic group of Hungary. | 90 | |
| 5138998515 | Crusades | During the Middle Ages, Christian armies tried to recapture Jerusalem which had been conquered by Muslim Turks. They began before 1100 and ended in the late 1200s. | 91 | |
| 5138998516 | Pope Innocent III | Pope (1198-1216) whose reign was marked by the Fourth Crusade and papal intervention in European politics. under whom the temporal power of the papacy reached its height. He instituted the Fourth Crusade (1202) and a crusade against the Albigenses (1208), and called the fourth Lateran Council (1215) | 92 | |
| 5138998518 | Hundred Years War | the series of wars fought intermittently between England and France from 1337-1453: after early victories the English were expelled from all of France except Calais. Fought over the English Plantagenet kings' claim to the French throne. It ended in the expulsion of the English from most of France. | 93 | |
| 5138998519 | Ivan the Terrible | the first czar of Russia (1530-1584) | 94 | |
| 5138998759 | Tamerlane | 1336-1405, Mongolian conqueror who led his nomadic hordes from their capital at Samarqand in central Asia to overrun vast areas of Persia, Turkey, Russia, and India. Mongol conqueror of the area from Mongolia to the Mediterranean; ruler of Samarkand (1369-1405). He defeated the Turks at Angora (1402) and died while invading China | 95 | |
| 5139212797 | Dhimmi | The book of the people Jews and Christians | 96 | |
| 5139212798 | Ghana | The first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade. | 97 | |
| 5139212799 | Hadith | Traditional records of the deeds and utterances of the prophet Muhammad, and the basis, after the Quran, for Islamic theology and law. | 98 | |
| 5139212800 | Mahdi | According to Islamic tradition, a messianic leader will appear to restore justice, truth, and religion for a brief period before the Day of Judgement. | 99 | |
| 5139212801 | Umma | The community of believers in Islam, which transcends ethnic and political boundaries. | 100 | |
| 5139212802 | Ulama | The theologians and legal experts of Islam. | 101 | |
| 5139212803 | Axum | In the century, the kingdom of Axum in Christian Ethiopia dominated the trade of the Red Sea and some extent to the Arabian Sea. | 102 | |
| 5139212804 | Jong | Also known as junk, cargo ships multilayered hulls, two to four masts, two rudders and a capacity of 400 to 500 tons. | 103 | |
| 5139212805 | Marco polo | Venetian traveler who explored Asia in 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324) | 104 | |
| 5139212806 | Sahel | Extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Saharan; became point of exchange between North and South Africa where ideas, people and trade arrived. | 105 | |
| 5139212807 | Tsetse fly | An African bloodsucking fly that bites human and other mammals and spread diseases. | 106 | |
| 5139212808 | Amerigo Vespucci | Recongnized Columbus mistakes about claiming the new land India. He travelled to coast of South America (died of Malaria) | 107 | |
| 5139212809 | Battle of Lepanto | The battle between Byzantine Empire, Muslim Empire and Roman Catholic. Battle of Lepanto in Greek waters, fixed generally accepted zones of control between them. | 108 | |
| 5139212810 | Christopher Columbus | Never realized he discover new world, ready to convert people to Christianity receive support from Spain, he misunderstood circumference and eastern and western span of Eurasian and thought he had landed on eastern coast of Asia. | 109 | |
| 5139212811 | Ferdinand Magellan | Charles V of Spain send him to sail and find a passage around the southern tip of South America and proceed across the Pacific and reach Spain Island of East Asia. First person to circumnavigation of the globe. | 110 | |
| 5139212812 | James Cook | Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777-1779 resulting in opening to island to the West; convinced Kanehamehah t establish a unified kingdom in the islands. | 111 | |
| 5187898165 | Ijtihad | A method of Quranic interpretation based on text, local custom, and the personal judgment of the qadi, or judge. | 112 | |
| 5187898166 | Tariqa | In Islam a generic term meaning "path," referring to the doctrines and methods of mysticism and esoterism. The word also refers to schools or brotherhoods of mystics, which were often situated at a mosque or the tomb of a Muslim saint. | 113 | |
| 5369675533 | Shogun | The military dictator of Japan, a hereditary title held by three families between 1192 and 1867. Although they were legally subservient the the emperor, their military power gave them effective control of the country. | 114 | |
| 5369675534 | Hagia Sophia | 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century. | 115 | |
| 5371781306 | Medieval | The "middle period" European of the Renaissance period, who felt that they were, at last, reconnecting with the glories of Ancient Greece and Rome, called the ten centuries in between the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance. | 116 |
AP World History Chapter 2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9897093175 | 2000-500 CE | How long has Israel lasted | 0 | |
| 9897093176 | crossroads | Israel has always been a _____ | 1 | |
| 9897093177 | Sinai | What was the desert in Israel | 2 | |
| 9897093178 | mediterranean | Israel is on the _____ coastal plain | 3 | |
| 9897093179 | Galilee | fertile land of grassy hills and small plains (israel) | 4 | |
| 9897093180 | Dead Sea | In Israel, the Jordan River runs into the... | 5 | |
| 9897093181 | conflict and religions | Israel has always been at the center of ____- | 6 | |
| 9897093182 | Canaan, Israel, Palestine | Israel can also be called (3 names) | 7 | |
| 9897093183 | Hebrews, Israelites, Jews, Israelites in antiquity | The People of Israel can be called (4 names) | 8 | |
| 9897093184 | Torah | Hebrew bible | 9 | |
| 9897093185 | orally | the torah was originally passed down... | 10 | |
| 9897093186 | 10th century BCE | When was the torah written down in Phoenician script on scrolls | 11 | |
| 9897093187 | Pastoralists | Middle Easterners served as ..... | 12 | |
| 9897093188 | Abraham | Who does Middle Eastern History begin with | 13 | |
| 9897093189 | 1800 BCE | When does Abraham migrate to Israel | 14 | |
| 9897093190 | Canaan | Abraham migrated from Mesopotamia to.... | 15 | |
| 9897093191 | suspicious | The settled people were suspicious of Abraham and his people | 16 | |
| 9897093192 | Abel | The innocent brother ____ was killed by his farmer brother Cain | 17 | |
| 9897093193 | Yahweh | Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by ____ because of wickedness | 18 | |
| 9897093194 | Moses | leads the slaves out of egypt | 19 | |
| 9897093195 | Yahweh | Jewish god who demanded their exclusive loyalty | 20 | |
| 9897093196 | "Chosen people" | Yahweh considers the Jews to be the "......" | 21 | |
| 9897093197 | 10 commandments | these serve as a guide | 22 | |
| 9897093198 | social justice and compassion | Yahweh was the god of... | 23 | |
| 9897093199 | Yahweh | singular, transcendent, personal, ruling over the natural order, engaged in history and demanding social justice and moral righteousness | 24 | |
| 9897093200 | Christianity and Islam | The Jewish belief was the foundation on which _____ and _____ were built | 25 | |
| 9897093201 | Agricultural way of life | Middle easterners settle down to an.... | 26 | |
| 9897093202 | Joshua | led the Israelites to Canaan | 27 | |
| 9897093203 | "Children of Israel" | 12 tribes who descended from Jacob and Joseph, located in different parts of the country | 28 | |
| 9897093204 | Ark of Covenant | AKA 10 commandments | 29 | |
| 9897093205 | judges | in israel, ____ mediated disputes and welfare of people | 30 | |
| 9897093206 | 990-930 BCE | Time span of Kingdom of Israel | 31 | |
| 9897093207 | David | unites the 12 tribes and made jerusalem the capital of Israel | 32 | |
| 9897093208 | Solomon | High point of Israel, son of david | 33 | |
| 9897093209 | Solomon | Built the first temple | 34 | |
| 9897093210 | 721 BCE | When was the first temple destroyed | 35 | |
| 9897093211 | Assyrians | Who destroyed the northern kingdom | 36 | |
| 9897093212 | Judah | who survives for more than a century by paying tribute | 37 | |
| 9897093213 | 587 BCE | The Babylonians captured Jerusalem in_____ | 38 | |
| 9897093214 | cultural identity | during exile, the Jews renewed their _____ | 39 | |
| 9897093215 | Cyrus the Great | Who allowed the jews to return | 40 | |
| 9897093216 | Monotheism | Judaism practices... | 41 | |
| 9897093217 | rigid rules | jews lived by rigid rules | 42 | |
| 9897093218 | pork | What food could jews not eat | 43 | |
| 9897093219 | Saturday | what day is the Sabbath for Jews | 44 | |
| 9897093220 | 6th century BCE | When was the Persian Empire created | 45 | |
| 9897093221 | Persian empire | largest empire in the world | 46 | |
| 9897093222 | Iran | known as "land of the Aryans" | 47 | |
| 9897093223 | Zagros Mountains | In the west of Iran | 48 | |
| 9897093224 | Caucasus Mountains and captain sea | to the nw and n of iran | 49 | |
| 9897093225 | copper, tin, iron, gold, silver, wood | mineral resources in iran were.... | 50 | |
| 9897093226 | But of Kingship | The Persian empire was centered on | 51 | |
| 9897093227 | Ahura Mazda | The Persian empire was ruled by will of great Persian god... | 52 | |
| 9897093228 | Absolute monarchs | Persians were ruled by.. | 53 | |
| 9897093229 | 550-530 BCE | What was the time span of Cyrus the Great | 54 | |
| 9897093230 | Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Babylon | Cyrus the Great conquered... (3) | 55 | |
| 9897093231 | tolerance and respect | Cyrus the great was known for... | 56 | |
| 9897093232 | Cyrus the Great | allowed jews to return to their homeland | 57 | |
| 9897093233 | Cyrus Cylinder | according to Cyrus: he restored peace, released captives and returned prisoners to their homelands, and tolerated local religion and cult practice. This is written on the ....? | 58 | |
| 9897093234 | Pasargadae | Where is the tomb of Cyrus found? | 59 | |
| 9897093235 | Tomb of Cyrus | one of the few achaemenid monuments that has survived to the present | 60 | |
| 9897093236 | Sydney, Austrailia | in 1994, a replica of a bas relief depicting him was erected in a park in.... | 61 | |
| 9897093237 | multiculturalism | The monument in Australia is intended as a symbol for ..... and to express coexistence and peace | 62 | |
| 9897093238 | 522-486 BCE | What was the life span of Darius I | 63 | |
| 9897093239 | Darius | seizes the persian throne in 522 BCE with the help of the 10,000 immortals | 64 | |
| 9897093240 | Indus valley | Darius I extended the persian empire to the... | 65 | |
| 9897093241 | Thrace | aka NE Greece and Bulgaria | 66 | |
| 9897093242 | 23 | The persian empire was divided into how many provinces | 67 | |
| 9897093243 | satrap | aka governor in persia | 68 | |
| 9897093244 | Satraps | usually connected to royal family, encouraged intermarriage, cultural and technological exchange | 69 | |
| 9897093245 | shecks | Military officers and tax collectors served as... on the power of the satraps | 70 | |
| 9897093246 | royal roads | connected the outlying provinces | 71 | |
| 9897093247 | 1,600 | how many miles long are the royal roads | 72 | |
| 9897093248 | communication and commerce | Royal roads improved | 73 | |
| 9897093249 | 111 | how many postal stations are there along the royal roads | 74 | |
| 9897093250 | wives and children | The king of persia had numerous... | 75 | |
| 9897093251 | influential | persian elite women may have been... | 76 | |
| 9897093252 | seasons | The persian king and the court moved with the _____, living in luxurious tents and in palaces of the ancient capitals of Mesopotamia and Iran | 77 | |
| 9897093253 | Darius and Xerxes | The Persepolis was constructed by... | 78 | |
| 9897093254 | Persepolis | became the ceremonial capital of Persia | 79 | |
| 9897093255 | power and wealth | The Persepolis was a symbol of the Persian's ______ and _____ | 80 | |
| 9897093256 | coronations, weddings, and funerals | What were held at the Persepolis | 81 | |
| 9897093257 | 247BCE-651 CE | Time span of the Parthanin and Sassanid empires | 82 | |
| 9897093258 | Zoroastrianism | religion that originated in Iran | 83 | |
| 9897093259 | Zoroaster | Zoroastrianism originated from the teachings of... in the 6th or 7th century BCE | 84 | |
| 9897093260 | wisdom | Zoroaster left home in search of ____ and experienced visions of Ahuramazda, he became the prophet and spread the message | 85 | |
| 9897093261 | Ahuramazda | Supreme benevolent deity | 86 | |
| 9897093262 | the wise lord | What is another name for Ahuramazda | 87 | |
| 9897093263 | Good vs evil | Zoroastrian beliefs are centered around... | 88 | |
| 9897093264 | rewarded or punished | Zoroastrians believe that humans are _____ or ____ in the afterlife for their actions | 89 | |
| 9897093265 | one supreme god | Zoroastrian's preached... | 90 | |
| 9897093266 | high ethical standard | Zoroastrian's held humans to high ethical standards | 91 | |
| 9897093267 | salvation | Zoroastrian's promised | 92 | |
| 9897093268 | Judaism and Christianity | Zoroastrian's influenced _______ and _____ as empire spread west | 93 | |
| 9897093269 | Devil | Zoroastrian's believed in God and_____ | 94 | |
| 9897093270 | Hell | Zoroastrian's believed in heaven and ______ | 95 | |
| 9897093271 | punishment | Zoroastrian's believed in reward and _______ | 96 | |
| 9897093272 | end of time | Zoroastrian's believed in messiah and ...... | 97 | |
| 9897093273 | Balkan Peninsula | Greece is located on the ...... | 98 | |
| 9897093274 | islands | greece includes thousands of.... | 99 | |
| 9897093275 | city states | what type of government did Greece have | 100 | |
| 9897093276 | Athens and sparta | main two city states | 101 | |
| 9897093277 | Mediterranean Sea | Greek "highway" for trade and resources | 102 | |
| 9897093278 | Minoans | Earliest Greeks | 103 | |
| 9897093279 | Phaistos Disk | Undeciphered syllabic alphabet, used to keep detailed records of economic and commercial matters | 104 | |
| 9897093280 | Crete | The Phaistos Disk was found in 1908 in..... | 105 | |
| 9897093281 | printing | The Phaistos disk could have been used for.... | 106 | |
| 9897093282 | Mycenaean | Indo-European invades who descended through the Balkans into Peloponnesus around 2200 BCE | 107 | |
| 9897093283 | Minoan | Mycenaean culture was influenced by | 108 | |
| 9897093284 | Linear B | What was the Mycenaean language | 109 | |
| 9897093285 | Linear A | Mycenaeans adapted _____ to own language | 110 | |
| 9897093286 | fortresses and palaces | Mycenaean's built... | 111 | |
| 9897093287 | Mycenae | What was the major Mycenaean settlement | 112 | |
| 9897093288 | Anatolia, Sicily, southern Italy | Mycenaean's established settlements in.... | 113 | |
| 9897093289 | Linear A | Minoan script, not deciphered | 114 | |
| 9897093290 | Linear B | Mycenaean script, predates Greek alphabet | 115 | |
| 9897093291 | end of Mycenaean civilization | Linear B dies out with the end of the... | 116 | |
| 9897093292 | Lion Gate | Wha ruin in Mycenae illustrates the heavy fortifications but by the Mycenaeans to protect their settlements | 117 | |
| 9897093293 | Dark Ages | A period in the eastern mediterranean characterized by depopulation, poverty, and isolation | 118 | |
| 9897093294 | 1100 to 800 BCE | Political turmoil and chaos ensues in the Mediterranean from.... | 119 | |
| 9897093295 | Homer's epics | The dark ages coincide with the description in... | 120 | |
| 9897093296 | 1200 BCE | When was the Trojan war | 121 | |
| 9897093297 | The Polis | urban center, dominating surrounding rural areas | 122 | |
| 9897093298 | acropolis | fortified top for refuge | 123 | |
| 9897093299 | agora | open area for assembling, government buildings, and market place | 124 | |
| 9897093300 | acropolis and agora | Greek City states featured.. | 125 | |
| 9897093301 | hoplites | heavily armed infantrymen who fought in closely packed | 126 | |
| 9897093302 | few | Sparta practiced rule by the.. | 127 | |
| 9897093303 | 28 | Sparta had rule by ___ men over age 60 | 128 | |
| 9897093304 | Peloponnese | Where are the spartans from | 129 | |
| 9897093305 | militarized | sparta was a highly ___ society | 130 | |
| 9897093306 | helots | invaded neighbors and subjugated people in sparta | 131 | |
| 9897093307 | 10:1 | Helots outnumbered spartans with what ratio | 132 | |
| 9897093308 | helot rebellion | What did the Spartans always fear | 133 | |
| 9897093309 | Austerity | What was the norm in Spartan society? | 134 | |
| 9897093310 | iron bars | What did spartans use for currency | 135 | |
| 9897093311 | 7 | When were spartan boys removed from their family | 136 | |
| 9897093312 | simplicity, frugality, and austerity | What were the Spartans known for | 137 | |
| 9897093313 | 30 | Spartans could marry, but there was no home life until age.. | 138 | |
| 9897093314 | democratic principles | Athens created a government based on... | 139 | |
| 9897093315 | free adult males | Athenian democracy was open to all ____ | 140 | |
| 9897093316 | maritime trade | because of the prosperity of _________ in 7th century BCE aristocrats increased their landholding and dominated smaller landholders | 141 | |
| 9897093317 | debt slavery | similar to indentured servitude | 142 | |
| 9897093318 | Solon's reforms | kept aristocrats to keep large landholdings, banned debt slavery | 143 | |
| 9897093319 | common classes | Solon's reforms allowed fro representation of the ____ in the assembly | 144 | |
| 9897093320 | office holders | Solon's reforms paid salaries to ..... | 145 | |
| 9897093321 | Age of Pericles | Athenian "golden age" | 146 | |
| 9897093322 | 461-421 BCE | Pericles ruled from... | 147 | |
| 9897093323 | government offices | in the age of pericles men of all classes were chosen by lot to fill _____ and they were being paid to they could participate | 148 | |
| 9897093324 | assembly of all citizens | focal point of age of pericles | 149 | |
| 9897093325 | Public works | The age of pericles had massive.... | 150 | |
| 9897093326 | cultural development | What was encouraged in the age of pericles | 151 | |
| 9897093327 | population pressure | What causes the greeks to colonize | 152 | |
| 9897093328 | Aegean, Black, and Mediterranean sea | Greek colonization spreads their culture throughout... | 153 | |
| 9897093329 | Sicily and southern Italy | most popular greek colonization sites .......? | 154 | |
| 9897093330 | copper, zinc, tin, and iron | Fertile fields in Sicily provided access to | 155 | |
| 9897093331 | olives and grapes | Greece was rich in what crops | 156 | |
| 9897093332 | Commerce | What is the basis of Athenian economy | 157 | |
| 9897093333 | fur, fish, grain, timber, honey, gold, amber, and slaves | The black sea provided... | 158 | |
| 9897093334 | Persian Wars | revolt against Persian empire in Ionia | 159 | |
| 9897093335 | 500-479 BCE | What were the dates of the Persian Wars | 160 | |
| 9897093336 | Marathon | in 490 BCE, this battle was when Persia was defeated | 161 | |
| 9897093337 | Xerxes | successor after Persian wars | 162 | |
| 9897093338 | 300 | in the battle of Thermopylae how many spartans were in battle and how many died | 163 | |
| 9897093339 | Salamis | advantage persians burn them, but drives out in the straight using the trireme | 164 | |
| 9897093340 | Platea | last land battle where Persian threat is over | 165 | |
| 9897093341 | naval | Athen's ___ technology made them powerful and wealthy | 166 | |
| 9897093342 | oar | military ships couldn't depend on wind only so they used _____ | 167 | |
| 9897093343 | 170 | how many rowers propelled the boat | 168 | |
| 9897093344 | metal | warships had ____ tipped rams | 169 | |
| 9897093345 | Poleis | created the Delian League to forestall more Persian attacks | 170 | |
| 9897093346 | Athens | lead the Delian League | 171 | |
| 9897093347 | Periclean | massive payments to Athens fuels ____ expansion | 172 | |
| 9897093348 | economic interests | The Delian League promoted their.... | 173 | |
| 9897093349 | Piraeus port | most important commercial center in the east Mediterranean sea | 174 | |
| 9897093350 | Parthenon | The Delian league built the _____ during Pericles time | 175 | |
| 9897093351 | tragedies and comedies | what type of plays did the delian league promote | 176 | |
| 9897093352 | artist and thinkers | what type of people were attracted to Athens | 177 | |
| 9897093353 | beauty and perfection | The Greeks idealized ___ and ____ of the human body | 178 | |
| 9897093354 | Peloponnesian War | Civil war in Greece between Athens or Sparta | 179 | |
| 9897093355 | 431-404 BCE | Dates of Peloponnesian War | 180 | |
| 9897093356 | Sparta | who won the peloponnesian war | 181 | |
| 9897093357 | moral and intellectual | After the Peloponnesian war, Athens lost their reputation as _____ and _____ leader and becomes known as the arrogant, insensitive, and imperialist powers | 182 | |
| 9897093358 | Macedon | frontier region to north of Peloponnesus | 183 | |
| 9897093359 | King Philip II | builds massive Macedon military | 184 | |
| 9897093360 | Alexander the Great | Son of Philip II | 185 | |
| 9897093361 | 20 | how old was Alexander the Great when he took the throne | 186 | |
| 9897093362 | Aristotle | tutored alexander the great | 187 | |
| 9897093363 | Bucephalus | name of Alexander's horse | 188 | |
| 9897093364 | Alexandria egypt | Most famous city named after Alexander the Great | 189 | |
| 9897093365 | generals | After Alexander's death, the empire was divided by 3 ______ | 190 | |
| 9897093366 | Antigonus empire | greece and macedon empire | 191 | |
| 9897093367 | ptolemy | Egypt empire | 192 | |
| 9897093368 | Seleucus | persian achaemenid empire | 193 | |
| 9897093369 | Hellenism | most important outcome of Alexander the Great's conquests | 194 | |
| 9897093370 | Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian | Hellenistic culture was a mix of what 4 empires | 195 | |
| 9897093371 | Antigenic empire | smallest of Hellenistic empires | 196 | |
| 9897093372 | resented rule | Greek cities often _____ and sought independence under the Antigenic Empire | 197 | |
| 9897093373 | Ptolemaic Empire | wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires | 198 | |
| 9897093374 | monopolies | The Ptolemaic empire was an established state of ___ | 199 | |
| 9897093375 | textiles, salt, beer | What did the Ptolemaic empire have the monopoly on | 200 | |
| 9897093376 | Alexandria | Capital of the Ptolemaic empire | 201 | |
| 9897093377 | Alexandria | center of the Hellenistic world | 202 | |
| 9897093378 | Alexandria | location of Alexander's tomb, and first known research library | 203 | |
| 9897093379 | The Seleucid empire | massive colonization of greeks and indians | 204 | |
| 9897093380 | Greek | What language are Ashoka's edicts written in | 205 | |
| 9897093381 | Panhellenic festivals | useful for integrating far flung colonies | 206 | |
| 9897093382 | Olympic games | Best known of the Panhellenic festivals | 207 | |
| 9897093383 | 776 BCE | When did the Olympic games begin | 208 | |
| 9897093384 | olive wreaths | what did winners of the olympics receive | 209 | |
| 9897093385 | fathers, husbands, and sons | Greek women fell to authority of... | 210 | |
| 9897093386 | male | Who was greek weddings arranged by | 211 | |
| 9897093387 | Chattel slavery | people used for hard labor, domestic servants, or even business | 212 | |
| 9897093388 | Scythians, Nubians | Names of slaves in Ukraine and Africa | 213 | |
| 9897093389 | Pasion | slave who was a clear at a bank who turned profits for masters. He gained his freedom, took over management of bank, outfitted 5 warships, and was granted Athenian citizenship | 214 | |
| 9897093390 | Astronomy, math, medicine, geometry, and architecture | What did the Greeks study | 215 | |
| 9897093391 | observation, evidence, rational thought, and human reason | Greeks began to rely on... | 216 | |
| 9897093392 | Phoenician | Greeks borrowed the ____ alphabet and added vowels to represent speech | 217 | |
| 9897093393 | 470-399 BCE | life span of Socrates | 218 | |
| 9897093394 | The socratic method | questions of assumptions and logic | 219 | |
| 9897093395 | Socrates | taught Plato | 220 | |
| 9897093396 | wisdom and virtue | Socrates urged the pursuit of _______ | 221 | |
| 9897093397 | ethics and morality | Socrates believed that _____ and ____ were more important than wealth, fame, and superficial attributes | 222 | |
| 9897093398 | gadfly | one who challenges people in positions of power, the status quo, or popular position | 223 | |
| 9897093399 | immorality and corruption of youth | What was Socrates condemned on charges for... | 224 | |
| 9897093400 | Socrates | played the role of the public gadfly | 225 | |
| 9897093401 | hemlock | Socrates was forced to drink | 226 | |
| 9897093402 | Aristotle | Plato taught.. | 227 | |
| 9897093403 | Alexander the Great | Aristotle taught.. | 228 | |
| 9897093404 | 430-347 | Plato's time span... | 229 | |
| 9897093405 | Socratic thought | Plato wrote down... | 230 | |
| 9897093406 | The Republic | Plato wrote.. | 231 | |
| 9897093407 | ideal society, smart | The Republic by Plato described an _____ with rule by the ___ | 232 | |
| 9897093408 | sense | Aristotle relied on ___ to provide accurate information of world and depend on reason to sort out | 233 | |
| 9897093409 | Aristotle | "The master of those who know" | 234 | |
| 9897093410 | biology, physics, astronomy, psychology, this, and literature | Aristotle wrote on.. | 235 | |
| 9897093411 | Herodotus | wrote about the Greco-Persian wars to discover "the reason why the fought one another" | 236 | |
| 9897093412 | Herodotus | Father of history | 237 | |
| 9897093413 | Hippocratic oath | oath taken by physicians | 238 | |
| 9897093414 | functions of the body | Hippocrates explained the... | 239 | |
| 9897093415 | 4 fluids | Hippocrates believed the body was composed of ____ which when out of balance cause ailments | 240 | |
| 9897093416 | Hippocrates | traced organs of epilepsy to heredity | 241 | |
| 9897093417 | Epicureans | Philosophy that believed pleasure is the greatest good, a state of quiet satisfaction | 242 | |
| 9897093418 | Skeptics | Philosophy that doubted possibly of certainty in anything | 243 | |
| 9897093419 | Stoic | most influential philosophy | 244 | |
| 9897093420 | Stoic | Philosophy that believed that one should concentrate on the duty, virtue to aid others. emphasized inner peace | 245 | |
| 9897093421 | polytheists | Greeks were... (belief in multiple gods_ | 246 | |
| 9897093422 | Zeus | principal god of Greece | 247 | |
| 9897093423 | religious cults | Greeks had.. | 248 | |
| 9897093424 | women | The fertility cult of Demeter was for... | 249 | |
| 9897093425 | Dionysus | god of wine | 250 | |
| 9897093426 | Cult of Dionysus | cult celebrated also by mostly women in the spring when fruit produced wine | 251 | |
| 9897093427 | Aeschylus, Sophocles, euripides | major greek playwrights | 252 | |
| 9897093428 | Aristophanes | greek comedy | 253 |
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