| 5109180627 | Where did the Jews codify their religion? | in the torah | | 0 |
| 5109180628 | How does the Torah reflect Mesopotamian culture and legal traditions? | Culture: flood story
Legal traditions: Hammurabi's Code of Law (eye for an eye justice) | | 1 |
| 5109180629 | How did the Jews come into diasporic communities? | Jerusalem was conquered by many surrounding empires, causing Jews to spread out throughout the empires and creating small communities, or ethnic exclaves | | 2 |
| 5109180630 | What were some of the causes and effects of the Jewish Diaspora? (1 cause, 2 effects) | 1. Rome destroying Jewish temples so the Jews disperse throughout the Mediterranean
2. Jews didn't have a homeland or temples, so they wrote down their scriptures, established synagogues, and relied on rabbis to teach the faith
3. Resistance of assimilation (circumcision, keeping kosher) | | 3 |
| 5109180631 | What ideas became the foundation of Hinduism? | Vedic ideas | | 4 |
| 5109180632 | What is samsara? (Hinduism) | reincarnation | | 5 |
| 5109180633 | What is karma? (Hinduism) | the belief that your actions (good or bad) affect who you will be in your next samsara | | 6 |
| 5109180634 | What is dharma? (Hinduism) | obligation/duty to your caste in order to reach moksha | | 7 |
| 5109180635 | What is moksha? (Hinduism) | liberation from samsara | | 8 |
| 5109180636 | What reinforces the caste system in Hinduism? | The hindu religion- doing your duty to your caste will improve your social position in your next life | | 9 |
| 5109180637 | What is the idea of Brahman in Hinduism? | the Universal Soul | | 10 |
| 5109180638 | Who developed the idea of Brahman in Hinduism? | the Upanishads | | 11 |
| 5109180639 | Who was the founder of Buddhism? | Siddhartha Guatama (the historic Buddha) | | 12 |
| 5109180640 | Why does Buddhism develop? | As a movement in reaction to and influenced by Hinduism (ex. karma, samsara) | | 13 |
| 5109180641 | What are 4 core beliefs of Buddhism? | 1. 4 Noble Truths - Life is full of suffering, suffering is caused by selfish desire
2. 8 Fold Path - the way to end suffering and attain enlightenment (Nirvana)
3. People can attain enlightenment without priests (aka people can attain enlightenment in any social class)
4. People should withdraw from society and focus on improving self | | 14 |
| 5109180642 | How did Buddhist monks live? | an ascetic life in monasteries where they learned to promote Buddhist teachings (Nalanda) | | 15 |
| 5109180643 | What are Nalanda in Buddhism? | Buddhist teachings | | 16 |
| 5109180644 | Who was Buddhism spread by and what empire was he trying to unite? | Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire | | 17 |
| 5109180645 | What is the symbol of Buddhism? | 8 spoke wheel | | 18 |
| 5109180646 | Who was the founder of Confucianism? | Kung Fu Tzu (Confucius) | | 19 |
| 5109180647 | During the decline of what dynasty and why did Confucianism come about? | The decline of the Zhou Dynasty during a time of political and social disorder (Time of Warring States) | | 20 |
| 5109180648 | What were the 5 main attempts of Confucianism to create order in society by promoting social harmony? | 1. Filial piety - children must respect parents (xiao)
2. Women should respect men
3. Ancestor veneration
4. People should engage in respectful behavior towards others
5. Focuses on people engaging in society to make the whole better | | 21 |
| 5109180649 | Who were 2 disciples that elaborated on Confucian ideas? | 1. Mencius - added that leaders should respect subjects through proper and efficient government (light taxes, support education)
2. Xunzi - Communities/families should make expected behavior clear and punish wrongdoers (shame/shun) | | 22 |
| 5109180650 | Who was the founder of Daoism? | Lao Tzu | | 23 |
| 5109180651 | What are 2 ways that Daoism emphasized striving to attain a balance between humans and nature? | 1. People should live "simply" and disengage from society
2. People should live in harmony with nature and use it as a guide for their behavior | | 24 |
| 5109180652 | What do Daoists believe about the government? | it is bad and imposes artificial constraints on humans | | 25 |
| 5109180653 | How does Daoism influence Chinese culture regarding medicine, poetry, science, and architecture? | Medicine - try to find elixirs that promote longevity, acupuncture
Poetry - Chinese poets write about harmony in nature
Science - metallurgy improves with experiments of elements in nature
Architecture - Feng Shui creates balance and harmony | | 26 |
| 5109180654 | What is the symbol for Daoism? | Yin and yang | | 27 |
| 5109180655 | What were 3 epic stories of Hinduism? | 1. Mahabharata - story of a civil war in which god Vishnu rewards virtuous behavior by people
2. Ramayana - celebrates women who follow wishes of their husbands
3. Bhagavad Gita - god Vishnu tells people that a way to salvation is to be faithful to your duties of your caste and be devoted to your deity | | 28 |
| 5109180656 | What do Hindu temples reinforce? | Religious ideas of moral behavior through the decoration of temples that illustrate epic stories and gods | | 29 |
| 5109180657 | Who was the founder of the Mauryan Empire? | Chandragupta Maurya | | 30 |
| 5109180658 | How did the Mauryan Empire control his kingdom and build up a large army? | Its location on the Ganges River and tax trade | | 31 |
| 5109180659 | Which empire conquered most of northern India? | the Mauryan Empire | | 32 |
| 5109180660 | Who was in charge of provinces in the Mauryan Empire to create a centralized government? | Bureaucrats who answer to the emperor | | 33 |
| 5109180661 | How did the Mauryan Empire keep bureaucrats from gaining too much power? | By placing spies in charge of spying on the bureaucratic rulers of the provinces | | 34 |
| 5109180662 | How did the Mauryan Empire maintain order in its provinces ruled by bureaucrats and spies? | By using a large army | | 35 |
| 5109180663 | What religion does the emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire promote to unite people under one ethical system? | Theravada Buddhism | | 36 |
| 5109180664 | What does Ashoka do in the Mauryan empire to increase trade? | Build roads | | 37 |
| 5109180665 | What does Ashoka do in the Mauryan Empire to issue laws? | Use edicts on pillars | | 38 |
| 5109180666 | Why did the Mauryan Empire decline? | Large cost of maintaining large army and bureaucracy | | 39 |
| 5109180667 | Where did the Gupta Empire begin? | Along the Ganges River Valley | | 40 |
| 5109180668 | How did the Gupta Empire use their location on trade routes to help their empire? | Gain wealth for conquest | | 41 |
| 5109180669 | How did the Gupta Empire expand? | Through conquest and alliances | | 42 |
| 5109180670 | Who was in charge of ruling provinces in the Gupta Empire to create a decentralized government? | Rajas as long as they pay tribute | | 43 |
| 5109180671 | What external reasons led to the Gupta Empire's decline? | Invasions by White Huns (central asian nomads) overwhelm the ability of decentralized state to coordinate defense | | 44 |
| 5109180672 | What internal reasons led to the Gupta Empire's decline? | Local rulers (rajas) used the invasions as incentive to break away from the empire | | 45 |
| 5109180673 | How did Qin Shi Huandi unite much of China for the first time in history? | With iron weapons | | 46 |
| 5109180674 | What kind of government did the Qin Dynasty have? | Highly centralized | | 47 |
| 5109180675 | How did the Qin Dynasty limit nobles' ability to rebel? | The emperor took away their land, no land meant no power, so they were not able to rebel | | 48 |
| 5109180676 | Who was in charge of ruling provinces in the Qin Dynasty? | The emperor's supporters instead of nobles | | 49 |
| 5109180677 | What system did the Qin Dynasty use to create order in the empire? | Legalism | | 50 |
| 5109180678 | What is Legalism? | Absolute authority of a ruler and strict group punishments | | 51 |
| 5109180679 | In what 4 ways did the Qin Dynasty increase trade? | 1. By building roads/canals
2. By standardizing weights and measures
3. By standardizing coins
4. By standardizing one Chinese written script | | 52 |
| 5109180680 | What did Qin Shi Huandi do to critics of his policies, especially Confucian scholars? | Killed them and burned their books | | 53 |
| 5109180681 | How did the Qin Dynasty protect against invasions in the north? | Built the Great Wall of China | | 54 |
| 5109180682 | What internal reasons were there for the decline of the Qin Dynasty? | Qin Shi Huandi dies, harsh rule and high taxes for Great Wall and emperor's tomb leads to rebellions from nobles and peasants | | 55 |
| 5109180683 | Who was the founder of the Han Dynasty? | Liu Bang | | 56 |
| 5109180684 | What kind of government did the Han Dynasty have? | Centralized | | 57 |
| 5109180685 | What was the capital of the Han Dynasty? | Chang'an | | 58 |
| 5109180686 | What did the Han Dynasty continue from the Qin Dynasty in order to improve trade? | Building roads and canals | | 59 |
| 5109180687 | What did the emperor Han Wudi of the Han Dynasty create to train a highly educated bureaucracy? | Confucian academy | | 60 |
| 5109180688 | What did the Han Dynasty monopolize in order to raise money? | iron and salt production | | 61 |
| 5109180689 | Where did the Han Dynasty conquer in order to increase trade and therefore increase revenue for the state? | Along the Silk Roads to extend control of them | | 62 |
| 5109180690 | What 2 Southeast Asian countries did the Han Dynasty conquer and what did they get from them? | 1. Vietnam - introduced fast growing rice, more food equals larger population
2. Korea - spread Chinese culture to Han Dynasty | | 63 |
| 5109180691 | What were the external reasons for the decline of the Han Dynasty? | Invasions into Korea, Vietnam, and central Asia were expensive, so there were higher taxes | | 64 |
| 5109180692 | What were the internal reasons for the decline of the Han Dynasty? (2) | 1. Wealth gap widens because nobles take land from peasants who cannot pay their taxes
2. Peasant rebellions, like the Yellow Turban Uprising, weaken the state | | 65 |
| 5109180693 | What were in the centers of Mayan city-states/civilization and what did it function as? | Temple complex that functioned as the center for religious festivals, trade, and political administration (ex. Teotihuacan) | | 66 |
| 5109180694 | What job do most people have in Mayan city-states and where in relation to the ceremonial center do they have them? | Farmers outside the ceremonial center | | 67 |
| 5109180695 | How did farmers in Mayan city-states increase food production through farming? | Created underwater terraces to trap rich silt for farming | | 68 |
| 5109180696 | When do the people in Mayan city-states come into the "city" and what do they do? | During festivals in order to make religious sacrifices of blood to a sun god | | 69 |
| 5109180697 | What kind of government did Mayan city-states have? | Decentralized | | 70 |
| 5109180698 | What do separate Mayan city-states do to each other? | Trade and raid | | 71 |
| 5109180699 | What did Mayan city-states do with captured enemies? | Use them as slaves or for sacrifices | | 72 |
| 5109180700 | Why did Mayan city-states decline? | It is unknown - could be disease, invasion, earthquakes, or changing climate | | 73 |
| 5109180701 | Where did Moche government develop? | In the valleys of the Andes mountains | | 74 |
| 5109180702 | In Moche government, what did the upper, middle, and lower areas of each valley produce to create a diverse food producing region? | Upper - potatoes and llama meat
Middle - maize and beans
Lower - fish and sweet potatoes | | 75 |
| 5109180703 | Why were larger centralized states under Moche government unable to develop? | Due to the rough mountain geography between valleys | | 76 |
| 5109180704 | What dynasty came after the Shang Dynasty? | Zhou Dynasty | | 77 |
| 5109180705 | How did the Zhou Dynasty legitimize their rule? | By using the Mandate of Heaven | | 78 |
| 5109180706 | What is the Mandate of Heaven in Chinese culture (especially the Zhou Dynasty)? | Spirits will tell people when a dynasty no longer has their favor to rule by having natural disasters, corruption, and rebellions | | 79 |
| 5109180707 | Who was in charge of ruling provinces in the Zhou Dynasty? | friends and family of the emperor | | 80 |
| 5109180708 | What were the internal reasons for the decline of the Zhou Dynasty? | Over time, rulers of provinces weren't friends and family anymore, so random people were just building up personal power and then rebelling | | 81 |
| 5109180709 | What was the upper class of Classical China made up of? | Nobles, with wealth based on owning land | | 82 |
| 5109180710 | How did people in the upper class of Classical China live? | In large compounds composed of extended family groups with the oldest male in charge | | 83 |
| 5109180711 | What did the males supervise in the upper class of Classical China? | Collection of food and tax from peasants, receiving education, military training, and instruction in etiquette | | 84 |
| 5109180712 | What was the middle class of Classical China made up of? | Artisans, small landholders, and merchants | | 85 |
| 5109180713 | What social group dropped in status due to the growth of Confucianism? | Merchants | | 86 |
| 5109180714 | What was the lower class of Classical China made up of? | Landless peasants who got protection and a small plot of land to farm on for themselves in return for providing agricultural and military labor to nobles | | 87 |
| 5109180715 | How were slaves "created" in Classical China? | They were captured in war and used for manual labor for nobles | | 88 |
| 5109180716 | What were all classes in Classical China and what did they all practice? | Patriarchal and ancestor veneration | | 89 |
| 5109180717 | What was the system of social classes in Classical India called? | Caste (varna) system | | 90 |
| 5109180718 | Why did the caste system develop in Classical India? | A way to differentiate between Aryans and Dravidians after the groups intermingled | | 91 |
| 5109180719 | What is your caste determined by? | Your occupation | | 92 |
| 5109180720 | What were the 4 social classes of Classical India? | 1. Brahmin - priests
2. Kshatriyas - warriors
3. Vaishyas - merchants, artisans, and small land owners
4. Shudras - landless poor | | 93 |
| 5109180721 | What does your caste determine about you and what cannot be done to it? | Determines your friends, spouse, and occupations and cannot be changed | | 94 |
| 5109180722 | What is a jati? | A specialized sub-caste | | 95 |
| 5109180723 | What do jatis function as and what do they do? | Function as guilds, determining the quality, pricing, and quantity of production of goods that jati is producing | | 96 |
| 5109180724 | What are 2 ways in which Classical India reinforces patriarchal society? | 1. Burning of widow (sati)
2. Child brides | | 97 |
| 5109180725 | After the fall of the Han Dynasty, who was China ruled by and what did they do? | Local warlords that waged constant raids on each other | | 98 |
| 5109180726 | What 2 things did the violence after the fall of the Han Dynasty lead to a decrease in? | 1. Decreased trade - Silk Roads traffic decreases greatly
2. Decreased agricultural production - lower population | | 99 |
| 5109180727 | What 2 things do central asian nomads do in northern China after the fall of the Han Dynasty? | 1. Adopt Chinese language, food, dress, and agricultural lifestyle
2. Help introduce Mahayana Buddhism into region | | 100 |
| 5109180728 | Why was Mahayana Buddhism popular? | Because it was a faith that promised salvation to desperate people | | 101 |
| 5109180729 | Why was Confucianism discredited after the fall of the Han Dynasty? | People believed it didn't work because it didn't keep the Han Dynasty together | | 102 |
| 5109180730 | Why did Daoism become more popular among people after the fall of the Han Dynasty? | It offers salvation | | 103 |
| 5109180731 | Who were the Xiongnu and where did they live? | central asian nomads that lived on China's northern border | | 104 |
| 5109180732 | What were the Xiongnu excellent at? | War - horsemen and archers | | 105 |
| 5109180733 | What did the Xiongnu divide into? | warring clans | | 106 |
| 5109180734 | How were the Xiongnu exposed to numerous religions such as Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism? | Through merchants on Silk Roads and oases | | 107 |
| 5109180735 | What did the Xiongnu trade with the Chinese for? | Finished goods or agricultural products | | 108 |
| 5109180736 | When trading wouldn't work, what would the Xiongnu do to the Chinese? | Raid them | | 109 |
| 5109180737 | What did the early Han Dynasty do to the Xiongnu to pacify the frontier? | Paid tribute to the Xiongnu | | 110 |
| 5109180738 | What 2 cities did the Silk Roads connect through numerous overland trails? | Chang'an in China and Antioch in eastern Mediterranean | | 111 |
| 5109180739 | Why did traffic on roads increase with larger empires? (2 reasons) | 1. Provide protection to merchants
2. Skilled artisans produced more goods for trade | | 112 |
| 5109180740 | What were items on the Silk Roads usually like? | Light weight, luxury items with a high value (ex. silk and gems) | | 113 |
| 5109180741 | What 2 things specifically spread on the Silk Roads? | Diseases and religions (such as Buddhism and Nestorian Christianity) | | 114 |
| 5109180742 | What 2 new technologies increased the amount of products being traded along the Silk Roads? | 1. Domestication of pack animals such as horses and oxen that increase carrying loads
2. Yokes, saddles, and stirrups allow pack animals to carry heavier loads or be controlled easier by humans | | 115 |
| 5109180743 | What enabled merchants to trade extensively with South Asia? | Monsoon winds in the Indian Ocean | | 116 |
| 5109180744 | What were monsoon winds and how did they allow people to trade with South Asia? | Predictable constant winds that allowed vessels to sail into South Asia for 6 months and then sail back in the other 6 months | | 117 |
| 5109180745 | What groups of people engaged in maritime trade with South Asia (6 groups)? | East Africans, Southwest Asians, Indians, Southeast Asians, Indonesians, and Chinese | | 118 |
| 5109180746 | What were lateen sails and how did they help with maritime trade? | Triangular sails that pivot on the mast, helps with maneuverability in the wind | | 119 |
| 5109180747 | What were the items traded usually like in maritime trade? | Luxury items that were bulky (ex. spices, cloth) | | 120 |
| 5109180748 | What religion spread throughout the Mediterranean basin and along trade routes in Southwest Asia from the efforts of missionaries? | Christianity | | 121 |
| 5109180749 | Where did Christianity develop its ascetic practices? | From contact with India | | 122 |
| 5109180750 | Where did Christianity develop and what did it emphasize? | Southwest Asia, Jesus' humanity | | 123 |
| 5109180751 | How did Hinduism spread? | Merchants spread it along Indian sea lanes | | 124 |
| 5109180752 | What religion was used to enhance rulers' authority by association? | Hinduism | | 125 |
| 5109180753 | How did Buddhism spread and where did start off/where did it get picked up? | Merchants along Silk Roads, first in oasis towns, then picked up by central asian nomads | | 126 |
| 5109180754 | What was the most prevalent type of Buddhism along the Silk Roads and why? | Mahayana Buddhism - adaptable to people's local beliefs | | 127 |
