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AP literature vocabulary+terms Flashcards

4666491775	Abstract Language	Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. The observable or "physical" is usually described in concrete language.	0
4666492696	Ad homonym	Latin for "against the man." When a writer personally attacks his or her opponents instead of their arguments	1
4666493076	Ad populum	Latin for "to the crowd." A fallacy of logic in which the widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true.	2
4666494561	Allegory	—A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. A story, fictional or nonfiction, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these characters, things, events is meant to reveal an abstraction or a truth. These characters, etc. may be symbolic of the ideas referred to.	3
4666495117	Alliteration	—The repetition at close intervals of initial identical consonant sounds. Or, vowel sounds in successive words or syllables that repeat.	4
4666495272	Allusion	—An indirect reference to something (usually a literary text) with which the reader is expected to be familiar. Allusions are usually literary, historical, Biblical, or mythological.	5
4666495736	Ambiguity	—An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Also, the manner of expression of such an event or situation may be ambiguous. Artful language may be ambiguous. Unintentional ambiguity is usually vagueness.	6
4666496840	Anachronism	—Assignment of something to a time when it was not in existence, e.g. the watch Merlyn wore in The Once and Future King.	7
4666497829	Analogy	—An analogy is a comparison to a directly parallel case. When a writer uses an analogy, he or she argues that a claim reasonable for one case is reasonable for the analogous case.	8
4666497964	Anaphora	—Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This device is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.	9
4666498167	Anecdote	—A brief recounting of a relevant episode. Anecdotes are often inserted into fictional or nonfiction texts as a way of developing a point or injecting humor.	10
4666498487	Angst	—A term used in existential criticism to describe both the individual and the collective anxiety-neurosis of the period following the Second World War. This feeling of anxiety, dread, or anguish is notably present in the works of writers like Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.	11
4666498948	Annotation	—Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographic data (by the author or student).	12
4666499125	Antithesis	—A balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses.	13
4666501169	Apostrophe	—An address to the dead as if living; to the inanimate as if animate; to the absent as if present; to the unborn as if alive. Examples: "O Julius Caesar thou are mighty yet; thy spirit walks abroad," or "Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll."	14
4666501403	Archetype	—A term borrowed by psychologist Carl Jung who described archetypes as "primordial images" formed by repeated experiences in the lives of our ancestors, inherited in the "collective unconscious" of the human race and expressed in myths, religion, dreams, fantasies, and literature. These "images" of character, plot pattern, symbols recur in literature and evoke profound emotional responses in the reader because they resonate with an image already existing in our unconscious mind, e.g. death, rebirth.	15
4666501624	Argumentation	—Exploring of a problem by investigating all sides of it; persuasion through reason. One of the four chief forms of discourse, the others being exposition, narration, and description. The purpose of argumentation is to convince by establishing the truth of falsity of a proposition.	16
4666501727	Aside	—A dramatic convention by which an actor directly addresses the audience but it is not supposed to be heard by the other actors on the stage	17
4666502075	Assonance	—Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity. "Fake" and "lake" denote rhyme; "lake" and "fate" demonstrate assonance.	18
4666502364	Asyndeton	—A series of words separated by commas (with no conjunction), e.g. "I came, I saw, I conquered." The parts of the sentence are emphasized equally; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence.	19
4666502558	Balance	—Construction in which both halves of the sentence are about the same length and importance, sometimes used to emphasize contrast.	20
4666502725	Bandwagon	—Trying to establish that something is true because everyone believes it is true.	21
4666502830	Catharsis	—The process by which an unhealthy emotional state produced by an imbalance of feelings is corrected and emotional health is restored.	22
4666502912	Causal Relationship (cause and effect)	—In causal relationships, a writer assert that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument.	23
4666502913	Characterization	—The method an author uses to develop characters in a work. In direct charachterization, the author straightforwardly states the character's traits. With indirect characterization, those traits are implied through what the character says, does, how the character dresses, interacts with other characters, etc	24
4666503290	Chiasmus	—Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. Chiasmus is often short and summarizes a main idea, e.g., "ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."	25
4666503433	Chronological Ordering	—Arrangement of ideas in the order in which things occur; may move from past to present or in reverse, from present to past.	26
4666503839	Classification (as means of ordering)	—Arrangement of objects according to class; e.g., media classified as print, television, radio.	27
4666504017	Comedy of Manners	—Deals with the relations and intrigues of gentlemen and ladies living in a polished and sophisticated society; it evokes laughter mainly at the violations of social conventions and decorum and relies on the wit and humor of the dialogue for its effect.	28
4666504547	Comic relief	—Humorous speeches and incidents in the course of the serious action of a tragedy; frequently comic relief widens and enriches the tragic significance of the work.	29
4666504650	Conceit	—Unusual or surprising comparison between two very different things (a special kind of metaphor or complicated analogy.	30
4666506036	Concrete Language	—Language that describes specific, observable things, people or places, rather than ideas or qualities.	31
4666506157	Connotation	Rather than the dictionary definition, the associations associated by a word. Implied meaning rather than literal meaning or denotation.	32
4666506493	Consonance	—Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.	33
4666506755	Conventional	—Following certain conventions, or traditional techniques of writing. An over reliance on conventions may result in a lack of originality. The five-paragraph theme is considered conventional.	34
4666517078	Cumulative	—Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars	35
4666517183	Deduction	—A form of reasoning that begins with a generalization, then applies the generalization to a specific case or cases.	36
4666518425	Diction	—Word choice, particularly as an element of style. Different types and arrangements of words have significant effects on meaning. An essay written in academic diction, for example, would be much less colorful, but perhaps more precise, than street slang.	37
4666518516	Didactic	—A term used to describe fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model or correct behavior or thinking.	38
4666523078	Digression	—A temporary departure from the main subject in speaking or writing.	39
4666523515	Dramatic Irony	—When the reader is aware of an inconsistency between a fictional or nonfiction character's perception of a situation and the truth of that situation.	40
4666523617	Elegy	—A formal sustained poem lamenting the death of a particular person.	41
4666525734	Elliptical	—Sentence structure which leaves out something in the second half. Usually, there is a subject-verb-object combination in the first half of the sentence, and the second half of the sentence will repeat the structure but omit the verb and use a comma to indicate the ellipsed material.	42
4666525902	Emotional Appeal	—When a writer appeals to an audience's emotions (often through "pathos") to excite and involve them in the argument.	43
4666526061	Ennui	—A persistent feeling of tiredness or weariness which often afflicts existential man, often manifesting as boredom.	44
4666526917	Enthymeme	—A syllogism in which one of the premises—often the major premise—is unstated, but meant to be understood, e.g. "Children should be seen and not heard. Be quiet, John." Here, the minor premise—that John is a child—is left to the ingenuity of the reader	45
4666527140	Epigraph	—A quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of a theme. One found at the beginning of John Kennedy Toole's Confederacy of Dunces: "When a true genius appears in the world, you may know him by this sign; that all the dunces are in a confederacy against him." —Jonathan Swift.	46
4666527141	Epiphany	—A major character's moment of realization or awareness.	47
4666527315	Epithet	—a term used to characterize a person or thing, such as rosy-fingered in rosy-fingered dawn or the Great in Catherine the Great. Also a term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title or a person, such as The Great Emancipator for Abraham Lincoln.	48
4666527545	Ethical Appeal	—When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. Reputation is sometimes a factor in ethical appeals, but in all cases the aim is to gain the audience's confidence.	49
4666527725	Euphemism	—The use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but is also considered less distasteful or less offensive than another. E.g. "He is at rest" instead of "He is dead." Also consider "Technicolor yawn" for "vomiting."	50
4666527961	Example	—An individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern. Arguing by example is considered reliable if examples are demonstrably true or factual as well as relevant.	51
4666528968	Explication	—The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. Explication usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.	52
4666528969	Exposition	—Background information provided by a writer to enhance a reader's understanding of the context of a fictional or nonfictional story.	53
4666529176	False Analogy	—When two cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim of connection between them.	54
4666529686	Farce	—A type of comedy in which one-dimensional characters are put into ludicrous situations; ordinary standards of probability and motivation are freely violated in order to evoke laughter.	55
4666529867	Fiction	—A product of a writer's imagination, usually made up of characters, plot, setting, point of view, and theme.	56
4666531537	Figurative Language	—A word or words that are inaccurate literally, but describe by calling to mind sensations or responses that the thing described evokes. Figurative language may be in the form of metaphors or similes, both non-literal comparison. Shakespeare's "All the world's a stage" is an example of non-literal figurative language (metaphor specifically).	57
4666531810	Figure of Speech	—A form of expression in which words are used out of the usual sense in order to make the meaning more specific	58
4666531811	Flat Character	—A character constructed around a single idea or quality; a flat character is immediately recognizable.	59
4666531948	Foil	—A character whose traits are the opposite of another and who thus points up the strengths and weaknesses of the other character.	60
4666532254	Freight-train	—Sentence consisting of three or more very short independent clauses joined by conjunctions. Generalization—When a writer bases a claim upon an isolated example or asserts that a claim is certain rather than probable. Sweeping generalizations occur when a writer asserts that a claim applies to all instances instead of one.	61
4666532378	Genre	—French, a literary form or type; classification. e.g. tragedy, comedy, novel, essay, poetry.	62
4666532731	Hubris	—Overwhelming pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the protagonist of a tragedy. It is the particular form of tragic flaw that results from excessive pride, ambition, or overconfidence. The excessive pride of Macbeth is a standard example of hubris in English drama. Also spelled hybris	63
4666533011	Hyperbole	—Conscious exaggeration used to heighten effect. Not intended literally, hyperbole is often humorous. Example: "And fired the shot heard round the world."	64
4666533012	Image	—A word or group of words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the senses. An image is always a concrete representation.	65
4666533259	Imagery	—The use of images, especially in a pattern of related images, often figurative, to create a strong unified sensory impression.	66
4666533369	Induction	—A form or reasoning which works from a body of facts to the formulation of a generalization; frequently used in science and history.	67
4666533458	Inversion	—Variation of the normal word order (subject first, then verb, then complement) which puts a modifier or the verb as first in the sentence. The element that appears first is emphasized more than the subject.	68
4666533974	Irony	—When a reader is aware of a reality that differs from a character's perception of reality (dramatic irony)/ The literal meaning of a writer's words may be verbal irony. Generally speaking, a discrepancy between expectation and reality.	69
4666535168	Litotes	—Opposite of hyperbole; litotes intensifies an idea understatement by stating through the opposite. E.g. saying "It wasn't my best day" instead of "It was my worst day."	70
4666535169	Logical Appeal	—Relies on the audience's logical faculties; logical appeal moves from evidence to conclusion.	71
4666535546	Metaphor	A comparison of two things, often unrelated. A figurative verbal equation results where both "parts" illuminate one another. Metaphors may occur: in a single sentence —"Talent is a cistern; genius is a fountain;" as a controlling image of an entire work —"Pilgrim at Sea by Par F. Lagerkvist; as obvious ("His fist was a knotty hammer.") or implied (But O beware the middle mind that purrs and never shows a tooth."). Dead Metaphor—So overused that its original impact has been lost. Extended Metaphor—One developed at length and involves several points of comparison. *Mixed Metaphor—When two metaphors are jumbled together, often illogically.	72
4666535653	Metonymy	—Designation of one thing with something closely associated with it. E.g. calling the head of a committee a CHAIR, the king the CROWN, a newspaper the PRESS, or old people the GRAY HAIRS.	73
4666535738	Mood	—An atmosphere created by a writer's word choice (diction) and the details selected. Syntax is also a determiner of mood because sentence strength, length, and complexity affect pacing.	74
4666535739	Moral	—The lesson drawn from a fictional or nonfictional story. A heavily didactic story.	75
4666535868	Motif	—A frequently recurrent character, incident, or concept in literature.	76
4666537246	Negative-Positive	—Sentence that begins by stating what is not true, but ending by stating what is true.	77
4666537369	Non-sequiter	—Latin for "it does not follow." When one comment isn't logically related to another.	78
4666537573	Novel	—An extended piece of prose fiction. Some examples include: sociological novel —emphasizes the influence of economic and social conditions on characters and events and often embodies an implicit thesis for social reform. historical novel —takes its setting and a number of its characters and events from history. regional novel —emphasizes setting and mores of a particular locality as these affect character and action (local color); e.g. Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole. novel of ideas *epistolary novel—tells narrative through letters (beginning of Frankenstein by Mary Shelly).	79
4666537574	Onomatopoeia	—The use of a word whose pronunciation suggests its meaning. "Buzz," "hiss," "slam," and "pop" are commonly used examples.	80
4666537691	Oxymoron	—A rhetorical antithesis. Juxtaposing two contradictory terms, like "wise fool" or "deafening silence."	81
4666537692	Parable	—A short story from which a lesson may be drawn.	82
4666537921	Paradox	—A seemingly contradictory statement or situation which is actually true. This rhetorical device is often used for emphasis or simply to attract attention.	83
4666537991	Parallelism	—Sentence construction which places in close proximity two or more equal grammatical constructions. Parallel structure may be as simple as listing two or three modifiers in a row to describe the same noun or verb; it may take the form of two or more of the same type of phrases (prepositional, participial, gerund, appositive) that modify the same noun or verb; it may also take the form of two or more subordinate clauses that modify the same noun or verb. Or, parallel structure may be a complex blend of single-word, phrase, and clause parallelism all in the same sentence.	84
4666538507	Parody	—An exaggerated imitation of a usually more serious work for humorous purposes. The writer of a parody uses the quirks of style of the imitated piece in extreme or ridiculous ways.	85
4666538623	Pathos	—Qualities of a fictional or nonfictional work that evoke sorrow or pity. Over-emotionalism can be the result of an excess of pathos.	86
4666538730	Periodic Sentence	—Sentence that places the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements—e.g. "Across the stream, beyond the clearing, from behind a fallen a tree, the lion emerged."	87
4666538833	Peripety	—Reversal in the hero's fortunes.	88
4666538906	Persona	—A writer often adopts a fictional voice to tell a story. Persona or voice is usually determined by a combination of subject matter and audience.	89
4666539355	Personification	—Figurative Language in which inanimate objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions are endowed with human traits or human form—e.g. "When Duty whispers..."	90
4666539356	Plot	—System of actions represented in a dramatic or narrative work.	91
4666539555	Point of View	—The perspective from which a fictional or nonfictional story is told. First-person, third-person, or third-person omniscient points of view are commonly used.	92
4666540461	Polysyndeton	—Sentence which uses and or another conjunction, with no commas, to separate the items in a series, usually appearing in the form X and Y and Z, stressing equally each member of the series. It makes the sentence slower and the items more emphatic than in the asyndeton.	93
4666540624	Post hoc Fallacy	—Latin for "after this, therefore because of this." When a writer implies that because one thing follows another, the first caused the second. Establishes an unjustified link between cause and effect.	94
4666540625	Protagonist	—Chief character in a dramatic or narrative work, usually trying to accomplish some objective or working toward some goal.	95
4666540763	Pun	—A play on words that are identical or similar in sound but have sharply diverse meanings.	96
4666541050	Red Herring	—Device through which a writer raises an irrelevant issue to draw attention away from the real issue.	97
4666541743	Refutation	—Occurs when a writer musters relevant opposing arguments.	98
4666541917	Repetition	—Word or phrase used two or more times in close proximity.	99
4666541918	Rhetoric	—The art of effective communication, especially persuasive discourse. Rhetoric focuses on the interrelationship of invention, arrangement, and style in order to create felicitous and appropriate discourse.	100
4666542362	Rhetorical Criticism	—Emphasizes communication between the author and reader. Analyzes the elements employed in a literary work to impose on the reader the author's view of the meaning, both denotative and connotative, of the work	101
4666542485	Rhetorical Question	—A question asked for rhetorical effect to emphasize a point; no answer is expected.	102
4666542486	Round Character	—A character drawn with sufficient complexity to be able to surprise the reader without losing credibility.	103
4666542663	Satire	—A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. Satire doesn't simply abuse (as with invective) or get personal (as with sarcasm). Satire usually targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals; its purpose is customarily to inspire change.	104
4666542664	Sarcasm	—A type of verbal irony in which, under the guise of praise, a caustic and bitter expression of strong and personal disapproval is given. Sarcasm is personal, jeering, and intended to hurt	105
4666542821	Setting	—Locale and period in which the action takes place.	106
4666542890	Simile	—A figurative comparison of two things, often dissimilar, using the connecting words: "like," "as," or "then." E.g. "More rapid than eagles his coursers they came."	107
4666543045	Situational Irony	—Applies to works which contain elaborate expressions of the ironic spirit. Also, irony applies to both Hamlet's situation and to his famous soliloquy, "To be or nor to be."	108
4666543046	Soliloquy	—When a character in a play speaks his thoughts aloud —usually by him or herself.	109
4666543206	Stock Character	—Conventional character types that recur repeatedly in various literary genres. E.g. the wicked stepmother or Prince Charming or the rascal.	110
4666543209	Stream of Consciousness	—Technique of writing that undertakes to reproduce the raw flow of consciousness, with the perceptions, thoughts, judgments, feelings, associations, and memories presented just as they occur without being tidied into grammatical sentences or given logical and narrative order	111
4666543322	Style	—The choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes. In combination they create a work's manner of expression. Style is thought to be conscious and unconscious and may be altered to suit specific occasions. Style is often habitual and evolves over time.	112
4666543523	Syllogism	—A form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them (a form of deductive reasoning).	113
4666543614	Symbol	—A thing, event, or person that represents or stands for some idea or event. Symbols also simultaneously retain their own literal meanings. A figure of speech in which a concrete object is used to stand for an abstract idea —e.g. the cross for Christianity.	114
4666543788	Synecdoche	—Part of something is used to stand for the whole —e.g. "threads" for clothes; "wheels" for cars.	115
4666544151	Syntax	—In grammar, the arrangement of words as elements in a sentence to show their relationship.	116
4666544293	Theme	—A central idea of a work of fiction or nonfiction, revealed and developed in the course of a story or explored through argument.	117
4666544294	Tone	—A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization of the sentence and global levels.	118
4666544564	Tragedy	—Representations of serious actions which turn out disastrously.	119
4666545413	Tragic Flaw	—Tragic error in judgment; a mistaken act which changes the fortune of the tragic hero from happiness to misery; also known as hamartia	120
4666545477	Understatement	—Deliberately representing something as much less than it really is —e.g. "Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her appearance." —Jonathan Swift	121
4666545651	Unity	—A work of fiction or nonfiction is said to be unified is all the parts are related to one central idea or organizing principle. Thus, unity is dependent upon coherence.	122
4666545653	Verbal Irony	—When the reader is aware of a discrepancy between the real meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the writer's words.	123
4666545752	Zeugma	—The writer uses one word to govern several successive words are clauses —e.g. She discovered New York and her world.	124

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This Present Darkness Characters Flashcards

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3233798256	Ashton Summer Festival	End of the school year celebration (sin fest)	0
3233802086	Ashton Clarion	Home town newspaper of Ashton	1
3233806042	Marshall Hogan	Editor and owner of the Ashton Clarion	2
3233809292	Kate Hogan	Marshall's wife	3
3233814310	Bernice Krueger	Reporter who works for Marshall Hogan	4
3233816825	Pastor Oliver Young	Pastor of Ashton United Christian, member of the Inner Circle	5
3233825335	Alf Brummel	Ashton's police chief	6
3233829962	Pastor Hank Busche	Pastor at Ashton Community Church, 26 year old pastor who is persecuted for preaching the word of God	7
3233842067	Mary Busche	Hank's Wife	8
3233844429	Sandy Hogan	Marshall and Kate's daughter; student at Whitmore College	9
3233942021	Whitmore College	the school that's located in Ashton	10
3233944276	Juleen Langstrat	the professor of Psychology at Whitmore College	11
3233948691	Tal	The Captain of the Host	12
3233955011	Rafar	The Prince of Babylon	13
3233957389	James Farrel	the pastor in the church before Hank got there; removed because he was speaking the truth	14
3233963782	Shawn Ormsby	college student (Junior ), befriended Sandy	15
3233971085	The Inner Circle	2 college regents, Alf Brummel, Langstrat, Pastor Young, Count controller, District Judge, Landowner of Whitmore College	16
3233981148	Ted Harmel	previous editor of the Clarion	17
3233985048	Carmen	a women who needs counseling, comes to Hank tries to tempt him with Lust; lonely and upset	18
3233991170	Lou Stanley	the member of the Ashton Church that was disciplined for adultery	19
3233997196	The Remnant	those who hold true to Christ in the end	20
3233999765	Eldon Strachan	the former Whitmore College Dean	21
3234006313	Patricia Elizabeth Krueger	Bernice's sister who apparently committed suicide	22
3234011266	Andy and June Forsythe	new members of the Ashton Community Church; Ron's parents	23
3234019735	Ron Forsythe	Sons of Forsythes, saved w/ Hank at the cave, former drug user	24
3234029207	Maidservant (Susan Jacobson)	Kevin Weed's ex- girlfriend, lives with Strongman (Alexander Kaseph); roommate of Pat	25
3234033563	Alexander Kaseph	Strongman; intimate friends with Susan	26
3234039936	Kevin Weed	Susan's ex boyfriend; friend of Pat and Bernice	27
3234044413	Edith Duster	older women who prays over the church; prayer warrior; also known as Grandma Duster	28
3234051862	Joe Carlucci	previous owner of the grocery store	29
3234053971	Omni Corporation	Alexander Kaseph's company	30
3234056777	Bobby Corsi	the guy in the black leather, who beat up Bernice	31
3234061676	Sara	Alf Brummel's secretary- good; gave keys to Marshall and Bernice	32
3234069093	Demon of Deception	The demon tempting Sandy	33
3234071532	Demon of Lust	The demon tempting Marshall and Hank through Carmen	34

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Cell Transport, Cell Transport Flashcards

Terms related to passive & acitive transport

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5395777716	Diffusion	Movement of particles or molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration	0
5395777717	Osmosis	Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane	1
5395777718	Selectively pemeable membrane	A membrane that allows certain materials to pass through, but not others	2
5395777720	Equilibrium	The condition that exists in system when there is a relatively equal distribution of a particular molecule	3
5395777726	Cell Membrane	regulates and controls what enters or leaves the cell	4
5395777727	Facilitated Diffusion	Use of carrier PROTEINS for diffusion, does not require energy for a molecule to travel across the membrane Moves molecules from high to low solute concentration	5
5395777728	Active Transport	movement of molecules or ion into or out of the cell against its concentration gradient (from low to high) and requires an input of energy.	6
5395777729	Endocytosis	movement of substances into the cell by creating a new vacuole at the cell membrane. requires energy.	7
5395777730	Exocytosis	movement of substances out of a cell by merging a vacuole with the cell membrane. requires energy.	8
5395777731	Hypertonic	the left side is _____ compared to the right side.	9
5395777732	Hypotonic	The right side is _____ compared to the left side.	10
5395777733	right, left, osmosis	Water will move from the _____ to the _____ by _____.	11
5395777734	Hypotonic	The left side is _____ compared to the right side.	12
5395777735	Hypertonic	The right side is _____ compared to the left side.	13
5395777736	left, right, osmosis	Water will move from the _____ to the _____ by _____.	14
5395777737	Cell Membrane	Composed of a phospholipid bilayer	15
5395777738	Phospholipid	molecule that makes up cell membranes. It has a hydrophilic "head" and two hydrophobic "tails".	16
5395777739	Hydrophilic	water loving. substances that easily mix with water.	17
5395777740	Hydrophobic	water hating. substances that will not mix with water.	18
5395777741	Transport Protein	Proteins within the cell membrane that function to move substances into or out of the cell.	19
5395777742	Passive Transport	molecules move with the concentration gradient from high to low concentration NO energy required.	20
5395777743	Types of Passive Transport	Diffusion, Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion	21
5395777744	Types of Active Transport	Endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis) Exocytosis, and Protein Pumps - Lower Concentration to Higher Concentration	22
5395777746	phagocytosis	"Cell eating" a type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. It's carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals.	23
5395777747	pinocytosis	Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles.	24
5395777748	fluid mosaic model	the currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.	25
5395777750	peripheral protein	a protein loosely bound to surface of a membrane or to part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer	26
5395777751	plasmolysis	a phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall; occurs when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment	27
5395777752	ion channels	a transmembrane protein channel that allows a specific ion to diffuse across the membrane down its concentration or electrochemical gradient.	28
5395777754	sodium-potassium pump	a transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that actively transports 3 sodium out of the cell an 2 potassium into the cell	29
5395777755	concentration gradient	a region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases.	30
5395777756	transport protein	an embedded protein that helps a certain type of substance to cross the membrane	31
5395777757	diffusion	the movement of a substance down its concentration, from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated.	32
5395777759	passive transport	the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy	33
5395777760	osmosis	the diffusion of water across a membrane	34
5395777761	facilitated diffusion	the passage of molecules down their concentration gradient across a membrane with the assistance of specific transport proteins, requiring no energy expenditure.	35
5395777762	active transport	the movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient, through specific transport proteins and requiring ATP	36
5395777763	exocytosis	the secretion of molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane.	37
5395777764	endocytosis	cellular uptake of molecules & particles by the formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane.	38
5395777765	phospholipid bilayer	a double layer of phospholipid molecules that form membranes in cells	39
5395777766	hydrophobic	the tail of a phospholipid molecule that is repelled by water	40
5395777767	hydrophilic	the head of a phospholipid molecule that is attracted to water	41
5395777768	carrier protein	transport proteins in which only one end at a time is open to the molecule	42
5395777769	channel protein	transport proteins which form an open channel for specific molecules to pass; both ends open at once	43
5395777770	ATP	the molecule that provides energy for cellular processes by breaking a bond	44
5395777771	cholesterol	a packing molecule important in cell membranes	45
5395777772	sodium-potassium pump	A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.	46
5395777775	hypotonic solution	contains less solute concentration than the cell; water will tend to enter the cell and swell it	47
5395777776	hypertonic solution	when a cell is placed in a solution and the concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than it is inside	48
5395777777	isotonic solution	A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution	49
5395777779	solute	A substance that is dissolved in a solution.	50
5395777780	solvent	In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves.	51
5395777781	turgor pressure	the pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell	52

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Dance Appreciation Final Flashcards

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4828781746	Suzanne Farrell	Ballet	0
4828784201	Martha Graham	Modern	1
4828784202	Luigi	Jazz	2
4828785503	Bill "Bojangles" Robinson	Tap	3
4828785504	Trisha Brown	Post Modern	4
4828786741	European sensibilities	• Court Dance • Upright/placed form • Concert Stage/ "cultured art"* • Clear delineation of class (seating) • Frontal relationship of body (to royalty or the audience)	5
4828786742	Africanist Sensibilities	• Social • Rooted/grounded • Ritual/Celebration • Often performed in the round • Blurred lines of "viewer" & "performer"	6
4828788009	Best exemplifies European Sensibilities	Swan Lake, Nutcracker, Jewels	7
4828793238	Classical Ballet	Pointe work • Turn-out of the legs • High extensions • Graceful, glowing, precise movements	8
4828793239	Romantic Ballet	Features: • Ethereal movement • Full tutu (romantic length) • Corps de ballet as spirits/sprites • Focus on ballerina	9
5555910743	Romantic Ballet	Giselle (1841 - Coralli/Perrot) • La Sylphide (1836 -Bournonville)	10
5555966721	Neoclassical Ballet Teacher	George Balanchine	11
5556400128	Balanchine	Started a dance school, School of American Ballet, in 1934. This school eventually became the New York City Ballet in 1948 and still exists today. • Known for "plotless" ballets, where dancers performed in plain leotards and tights. Ballet cannot specify character or plot • Musically driven, Balanchine was known for allowing the dancers' movements to be the 'main artistic medium' of the work	12
5556445888	Neoclassical Ballet Features	Emphasis on technique over emotion. Non-narrative or "plotless". Still incorporates pointe shoes. Eclectic training over danse d'ecole.	13
5556475643	Neoclassical Ballet Examples	Apollo (1928), Serenade (1934), Agon (1957), Jewels (1967)	14
5556484559	The "Balanchine" Dancer	Legs proportionally longer than torso Leading "muse" or central principal dancer Dances created around the female prima or principle Exceptionally tall women Fit and flexible* Often, Balanchine would sacrifice natural technique for individual artistry and hard work in the studio	15
5556504926	Balanchine Technique	Intense speed, Deep plie, strong accent on line, direct arm positions yet more open, less curved and often 'broken' at the wrist, arabesques often uneven, often open hip to give illusion of higher arabesque line.	16
5556528857	Apollo	Choreographed in 1928 by Balanchine. Music composed by Igor Stravinsky.	17
5556536504	Serenade	Choreographed in 1934. Balanchine's first American choreography. Composed by Tchaikovsky	18
5556544107	Agon	Choreographed in 1957. Music composed by Igor Stravinsky. Ballet for 12 dancers. First appearance of an African American man and a Caucasian woman on stage.	19
5556560793	Jewels	Three Acts: Emeralds, Rubies, Diamonds. Choreographed in 1967. Compromises classical, romantic and neoclassical ballet.	20
5557131469	Vaslav Nijinksy (1889-1950)	Dancer in Ballet Russes with his sister. Known for his virtuosic, even feminine quality, and abiliity to inhabit any role. Could dance en pointe. Arguably the greatest male dancer of the early 20th century. Spectre de la Rose, l'apres-midi d'un faune which he choreographed. Choreographed the infamous Le Sacre du Printemps	21
5557183635	Le Sacre du Printemps	Choreographed by Ninjinksy in 1913. Composed by Igor Stravinsky based on a dream he had about the ritual sacrifice of a young women to the gods. Considered the "lost" ballet. We reconstructed this in class based on Hodson's article.	22
5557189821	Stravinsky's Scores Features	Polyrhythmic (pulsating rhythm), Showed "irreverence" to classical form. Use of sind & string instruments. Dissonant chords.	23
5557202564	Sacre Technique	Flexed feet, Bent knees, Turned-in toes, Utilized the floor/ground. Jumps also showed bent knees and flexed feet. Posture Ninjinsky crafed was a way to generate movement - this quality offers a prelude to modern dance technique.	24
5566182200	Isadora Duncan Modern Forerunners	Rebellious feminist - found little acceptance in her own country. Danced barefoot. Sternum as center of movement. Created the first modern dance language. Combined walking, running, and Grecian art. Ran a school for young dancers, including her daughters called "Isadorabellas"	25
5578183842	Loie Fuller	More success in Europe than America. Danced holding long wooden beams, covered in silk fabric. Credited with theatrical lighting, including use of color. Founded school in 1908. Much of her work was lost but Sperling tried to preserve her legacy	26
5578199019	Ruth St. Denis	Fascinated with Eastern cultures and the orient. Co-founder of Denishawn in 1915. Work mirrored philosophy of the school: expressive, eclectic, ethnic/religious themes. First American dancer to perform in a full-length dance work. Radha. Trained Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, and Weidman	27
5578225731	Ted Shawn	Married Ruth St. Denis. Carving path for men in modern dance. Taught ballet and Delsartean theories. Choreographed multiple works for Denishawn.	28
5578246130	Martha Graham Modern Pioineers	"Protesting stark and American" Arguably the most well-known modern choreographer Utilized American themes and American composers, such as Copeland. Looked for emotion and expression through the movement.	29
5578264972	Doris Humphrey	Created a technique which focused on Fall and Recovery. First modern dancer to codify a technique. Worked closely with Charles Weidman (Lincoln, NE) Studied at Denishawn, started choreographic career. Created 90 + dances.	30
5578291035	Merce Cunningham 2nd Gen Modern Dancers	Soloist with Martha Graham Company for 6 years. Worked with John Cage. Developed choreographic form called "chance procedure". Separated dance from emotion and created abstract works with a focus on time and space.	31
5578331905	Alwin Nikolais Nik	Studied Wigman school. Worked with props, masks and extreme costuming to transform the human body. utlized slides and new technology to created the mise-en-scene.	32
5578356667	Paul Taylor	Danced for Martha Graham. Founded company in 1954. Twyla Tharp - emerged from company	33
5578363624	Alvin Ailey	Created works based on "blood memories". Full time modern company in U.S. 79 ballets, many still performed today; Revalations	34
5578385659	Laban Movement Analysis Siegel	Weight: Strong/Light Time: Quick/Slow Space: Direct/Indirect Flow: Free/Bound	35
5578394153	Full Effort Qualities	Flick, Dab, Press, Wring, Slash, Punch, Float, Glide. Walking example: Rhythm/dynamic	36
5578399917	Marcia Siegel	Each and every dance has its own lexicon, or terms, specific to that piece and only that piece	37
5578408797	Sally Banes	Sally Banes Description, Interpretation, Evaluation, Contextualization	38
5578414975	Description	Wrist rolls, looks sideways, How they do it?	39
5578415918	Interpretations	More mimetic/pantomime. "aboutness" lead to deeply describe how came to conclusion.	40
5578454543	Evaluation	Opinion based. Personal experience of piece is valid but look at why you feel this way which should lead to how	41
5578459144	Contextualization	External factors. Costumes, lighting, Structure and design.	42
5578462986	Description	What is happening? Specific. Small details are important.	43
5578531820	Kinetic Jazz Elements	Use of the flat/flexed foot • Bent knee, hip and ankle joints • Articulated, inclined torso • Body part isolations • Groundedness/earthiness • Improvisation • Embellishment and elaboration • Polyrhythms/syncopation • Polycentrism • Angularity and asymmetry • Personal expression/creativity • "Aesthetic of cool"	44
5602247786	Jazz	Contains cultural, kinetic and social history of African Americans	45
5602275219	Jazz Social Elements	Community - the circle Individual creativity within group. Vocal encouragement Lack of separation between performer and spectator. Friendly challenges among dancers. Confrontational attitude/"in your face" Joyousness Call-and-Response. Interaction (conversation) between musicians and dancers.	46
5602319464	Authentic Jazz	Developed in America. Developed alongside jazz music. focused mainly in the 1920s through 1940s: Lindy Hop Charleston Turkey Trot	47
5602330348	Classical Jazz	Codified (as ballet) into a blended technique. Elements of modern ballet Includes choreographers: Jack Cole Matt Mattox Luigi Gus Giordano Bob Fosse *Horton	48
5602359897	Jack Cole	Father of theatrical jazz dance. Choreographed for nightclubs, Broadway musicals, film and television. Developed training method. Considered his style "urban folk dance" or "jazz-ethnic-ballet". Fused modern/ballet with world and vernacular dance to jazz music - became known as 'theatrical jazz dance'. Early influences include Ruth, Ted, Doris Hump, Charles Weidman (modern) and Luigi Albertieri (ballet). Mosst famous choreography for Marilyn Monroe such as "Diamonds are a Girls Best Friend".	49
5602431206	Matt Mattox	Commercial jazz in the 1950s and 1950s. Considered the aesthetic to be "free style" jazz dance. Influences include Loring (ballet), Cole (jazz), flamenco, East Indian ballroom. Initially his career was as a dancer and performer, not choreographer . Moved to London and started a company.	50
5602469950	Luigi	Danced for Gene Kelley. Car crash - developed a series of exercises to help him regain strength, posture, and balance These exercises are known as the Luigi's Jazz Warm Up. Credited "first comprehensice jazz technique: became the "universal standard of jazz dance"* Goals for students: Train dancer to stand, balance, and move out in space. To heal and protect the dancer's body from injury To help the dancer dance to and with jazz music.	51
5602519037	Gus Giordano	Longest, ongoing jazz legacy. Created Giordano Technique, Dance school and alter Giordano Dance Chicago - first jazz dance company (still exists today). Author of Anthology of American jazz dance. Considered jazz dance to be a "living art form" which is always about to do something new". Studied with modern pioneers Katherine Dunham, Hanya Holm, Alwin Nikolais. Master teacher; trained/created a generation of professional dancers.	52
5602559024	Bob Fosse	Broadway's foremost choreographer in the 1960s and 1970s. Trained tap dancer. Unconventional approach to movement - add unorthodox steps to surprise and spontaneity. Frequently worked with Gwen Verdon, later his wife. Style incorporates hunched shoulders, forward thrust of the hips, turned in feet. Choreography includes: Damn Yankees Sweet Charity Pippin Chicago All That Jazz	53
5602611157	Tap Dance Characteristics/Roots:	Rhythmic collisions of cultures: early slave trade in America. Communication via drums was abolished - tap dance took its place. Contemporary tap dance is a blend of cultures: African-American footwork Irish footwork British clogging.	54
5602628503	Tap	Shoes made of two metal taps, toe taps, & heel taps. In some case, sounds made with materials - like sand - instead of shoes. William Henry Lane was known as Master Juba, originated form. "Juba dance" also known as "Pattin Juba," mix of European jig, Reel steps, clog and African Rhythms. Popular around 1845. Considered the creation of tap in America as a theatrical art form and American jazz dance.	55
5602886006	Isadora Duncan Modern Dance	Brahms Waltz	56
5602934244	Isadora Duncan and the muses among Us	3 dancers and sheets	57
5602960516	Martha Graham. Modern Dance	late 1920s vaudeville skits mentstral shows. Black dancers all around one white dancer judging her. Night Journey conceived and choreographed by her.	58
5603051337	Modern Dance: Tensile Involvement	Alwin Nikolais is choreographer. Joffrey Ballet	59
5603069949	Pond	Alwin Nikolais	60
5603077890	Wade in the Water from Revelations	Alvin Ailey	61
5603084008	Ailey II in Blue Suite	Alvin Ailey choreographer and produced in Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre.	62
5628404098	Danse Serpentine	Loie Fuller	63
5628417767	"Water" section from "Dance of the Elements"	Loie Fuller	64
5628430197	Cosmic Dance of Siva	Ted Shawn	65
5628435211	Choeur Dance 1926	Ted Shawn	66
5628453659	Alwin Nikolais	Used odd shapes and geometry to keep audience interested. Used props	67
5628467826	Crucible	Alwin Nikolais. People sitting in red and green lights looks like just torsos.	68
5628489882	Appalachian Spring Ballet	Bride: Martha Graham Revivalist: Merce Cunningham	69
5628529501	Night Journey	Martha Graham	70
5628532546	Air for the G String	Doris Humphrey	71
5628540317	Day on Earth	Doris Humphrey	72
5628553157	Ratatat	Hanya Holm	73
5636386302	Self Meant to Govern	William Forsythe Week One	74
5636390207	"16 Millimeter Earrings"	Meredith Monk Week One	75
5636392214	"Cafe Mueller"	Pina Bausch Week One	76
5636394271	The Cost of Living	DV8 Week One	77
5636400123	"Verge"	Bebe Miller Week One	78

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Biochemistry Flashcards

Biochemistry Terms

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2265031277	Alcohol		0
2265031278	Aldehyde		1
2265031279	Ketone		2
2265031280	Carboxylic Acid		3
2265031281	Ether		4
2265031282	Acid Anhydride		5
2265031283	Sulfhydryl Group		6
2265031284	Disulfide		7
2265031285	Amino Group		8
2265031286	Quaternary Amine		9
2265031287	Ester		10
2265031288	Thioester		11
2265031289	Phosphoester		12
2265031290	Amide		13
2265031291	Glycerol		14
2265031292	D Configuration		15
2265031293	Steroid		16
2265031294	L Configuration		17
2265031295	Alpha Glycosidic Bond		18
2265031296	Beta Glycosidic Bond		19
2265031297	Monosaccharides	glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose	20
2265031298	Infant body water	75%	21
2265031299	Adult male body water	60%	22
2265031300	Adult female body water	50%	23
2265031301	Elderly body water	45%	24
2265031302	Infant Overhydration	over diluted milk	25
2265031303	Children Overhydration	punishment	26
2265031304	Endurance Sport Overhydration	too much water and not enough electrolytes	27
2265031305	Children Dehydration test	"tenting" of the skin over the right side of the abdomen caused by the pinch of the abdomen caused by the pinch of the examiner's fingers; caused by a loss of at least 5% body water	28
2265031306	Blood pH	7.35-7.45	29
2265031307	ICF	7.0-7.4	30
2265031308	Liver, heart, and nerve impulses	6.8-7.8	31
2265031309	Urine	6.5-8.0	32
2265031310	WHO definition of health	state of complete physical, mental, & social well-being; not simply the absence of disease	33
2265031311	Biochemistry definition of health	that situation in which the myriad of intra- & extracellular rxns w/in the body proceed at rates commensurate w/ its maximal survival	34
2265031312	Saturated	carbon single bonds carbon	35
2265031313	Unsaturated	carbon double or triple bonds carbon	36
2265031314	Hyrogen	1 Valence Electron	37
2265031315	Oxygen	2 Valence Electrons	38
2265031316	Nitrogen	3 Valence Electrons	39
2265031317	Sulfur	2 Valence Electrons	40
2265031318	Primary Carbons	carbons bonded to one other carbon	41
2265031319	Secondary Carbons	carbons bonded to two other carbons	42
2265031320	Tertiary Carbons	carbons bonded to three other carbons	43
2265031321	Isomer	compounds that have identical molecular formulas but different structures	44
2265031322	Alkane	saturated hydrocarbons containing only carbon to carbon single bonds	45
2265031323	Cycloalkanes	ring structures containing two fewer H-atoms that their corresponding alkane	46
2265031324	Alkene	Unsaturated hydrocarbon containing only carbon to carbon double bonds	47
2265031325	Alkyne	Unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon to carbon triple bond	48
2265031326	Aromatics	contain at least one Benzene ring	49
2265031327	Primary Alcohols	only one carbon attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl functional group	50
2265031328	Secondary alcohols	two carbons attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl functional group	51
2265031329	tertiary alcohols	three carbons attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl functional group	52
2265031330	Epimer	isomer that is different only at one position	53
2265031331	chrial carbons	carbons bonded to 4 distinctly different molecules	54
2265031332	Glycogen	polysaccharide; animal form of amylopectin, more branched than amylopectin, form of glucose stored in liver and skeletal muscle	55
2265031333	Purines	Adenine and Guanine; 5 and 6 member structures	56
2265031334	Pyrimidine	Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine; 6 member structures	57
2265031335	Zwitterion	exists with both cation and anion forms	58
2265031336	Glycine	neither D nor L because it is a chiral carbon	59
2265031337	Glycine	found in bends or kinks in protein; known as the helix breaker	60
2265031338	Pancreas	Both endocrine and exocrine	61
2265031339	Islets of Langerhans	produce both glucagon and insulin	62
2265031340	glucagon	produced by alpha cells and use glycogen as energy	63
2265031341	insulin	produced by beta cells and break down glucose	64
2265031342	Maple Syrup Urine Disease	branched chain alpha ketoaciduria; burn sugar smell in urine, a thin layer chromotography is requested for the branched chain amaino acid; caused by impaired branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase; when isovalerly dehydrogendase is impaired, isovaleric acid accumulates in blood and urine	65
2265031343	Branched Chain Amino Acids	Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine	66
2265031344	Hydolase	uses OH & H to cleave C-O, C-N, and C-S bonds	67
2265031345	Ligase	cleaves high energy phosphate bonds	68
2265031346	Isomerase	Rearrages atoms	69
2265031347	Lyase	result in double bond formation	70
2265031348	transferase	transfers or moves a functional group to another molecule; glucokinases	71
2265031349	Kinase	transfer phosphate functional groups	72
2265031350	acyltransferase	transfer fatty acyl groups	73
2265031351	Inhibitor	molecules that reduce the catalytic activity of an enzyme	74
2265031352	Bence-Jones proteins	monoclonia free light chains; plasma cells over produce the light chains and can't bond with the heavy chains; kappa chains are more prevalent than light chains	75
2265031353	IgE	momer active in allergies and parasitic infections; causes mast cells and basophils to release histamine; fights agains helminths (worms)	76
2265031354	IgG	monomer that makes up 75-85% of antibodies in plasma; crosses the placental barrier; important for vaccination	77
2265031355	IgD	momer attached to the surface of B cells, functions as a B cell receptor	78
2265031356	IgM	pentamer; first antibody released, can't pass the placenta, powerful agglutinating agent	79
2265031357	IgA	monomer or dimer in mucus and other secretions such as salive; first line of defense against pathogens	80
2265031358	7%	normal level of plasma glucose level recommended by the American Diabetes Association	81
2265031359	70-105 mg/dl	normal plasma glucose level recommended by the ADA	82
2265031360	CK-2 (MB)	creatine isoenzyme that is used to test for specific cardiac conditions	83
2265031361	HbAS	recessive sickle cell train that can lead to sickle cell crisis under high stress and/or malarial drugs	84

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American Pageant 13th edition chapter 18 Quiz Flashcards

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3440593065	Great Nullifier	Senator John C. Calhoun had a view that would bring 2 presidents in one from the North and one from the South each would have the right to veto. Died before the debate was over.	0
3440593066	Higher Law	Senator William Seward's doctrine that slavery should be excluded from the territories as a contrary to a divine moral law standing above even the Constitution.	1
3440593069	personal liberty laws	Laws passed by Northern states forbidding the imprisonment of escaped slaves; used to counter the Fugitive Slave Laws	2
3440593076	Compromise of 1850	by Daniel Webster, California wanted to join the Union, but if California was accepted the North would gain control of the Senate, and Southerners threatened to secede from the Union. This compromise set up California joining the Union as a free state, New Mexico and Utah use popular sovereignty to decide the question of slavery, slave trading is banned in the nation's capital, The Fugitive Slave Law is passed, and the border between Texas and New Mexico was set.	3
3440593077	Conscience Whigs	Antislavery Whigs who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds	4
3440593081	Free-Soil Party	formed from the remnants of the Liberty Party in 1848; adopting a slogan of "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men," it opposed the spread of slavery into territories and supported homesteads, cheap postage, and internal improvements. It ran Martin Van Buren (1848) and John Hale (1852) for president and was absorbed into the Republican Party by 1856.	5
3440593082	Fugitive Slave Law of 1850	Passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, it set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves and compelled all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaways. Strengthened the antislavery cause in the North	6
3440593088	Kansas- Nebraska Act	1854 - This act repealed the Missouri Compromise and established a doctrine of congressional nonintervention in the territories. Popular sovereignty (vote of the people) would determine whether Kansas and Nebraska would be slave or free states.	7
3440593093	Nebrascals	These were northern abolitionists who headed out West to eradicate slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska.	8
3440593098	Republican Party	A party formed that was against slavery and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It was formed in 1854. Abe Lincoln was a republican president. They wanted Kansas to be admitted as a free state, and they were against popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery.	9
3440593099	Stephen Douglass	Illinois politician who beat Abraham Lincoln in a senate race after a series of debates with him. Strong supporter of popular sovereignty and the Kansas Nebraska Act. Ran as a democrat for presidency in 1860 but lost to Lincoln.	10
3440593105	William Seward	An early supporter of American expansion and Secretary of State under President Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. In 1867, he arranged for the US to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 Million. Seward had some trouble persuading the House of Representatives to approve funding for the purchase. It was sometimes called, "Seward's IceBox," "Seward's Folly."	11
3440593108	Zachary Taylor	(1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore.	12

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psychology applied to teaching test 2 Flashcards

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5005501068	learning theory	learning is a change brought upon by experience	0
5005506978	behavioral learning theory	focuses on the objectively, observable, external aspects of learning	1
5005508977	classical	pavlov, involuntary response to a stimulus, learning through environmental association,	2
5005508978	operant	skinner, voluntary response to a stimulus, learning through positive and negative environmental reinforcement, where we spend most of our time, homework	3
5005511365	generalization	responding in similar ways to similar stimuli	4
5005513581	discrimination	responding in different ways to similar stimuli	5
5005513582	extinction	weaken a target behavior by ignoring it (mother ignoring whining child)	6
5005518978	premack principle	'Grandma's Rule"- finish your peas and then you can have dessert! the opportunity to participate in a favorite activity after completing a less desirable one	7
5005518979	shaping	complex behaviors are shaped by reinforcing closer approximations to terminate behavior	8
5005522908	ABC's of Operant Conditioning	antecedents (cue behavior), behavior, consequents (punishers of reinforcers)	9
5005522910	Time Out	weaken a target behavior by temporarily removing a positive reinforcer after the behavior occurs	10
5005526083	positive reinforcement	strengthen a target behavior by presenting a positive reinforcer after the behaviors occur (praise, recognition)	11
5005536571	negative reinforcement	strengthen a target behavior by removing on aversive stimulus after the behavior occurs (removes unwanted stimulus)	12
5005538651	social-cognitive theory		13
5005542038	two types of social-cognitive theory	vicarious, imitative	14
5005544080	vicarious	we see others rewarded or punished for various actions and we change our behavior as if we had received the consequences	15
5005544081	imitative	we imitate the behavior of a model even though the model receives no reinforcement while we are observing	16
5005547182	4 step process of social learning	attention, retention, production, reinforcement	17
5005550977	attention	modeled events and observed characteristics	18
5005553908	retention	remember it	19
5005553909	production	practice it	20
5005553910	reinforcement	motivation	21
5005556016	self-control	ability to control one's actions in the absence of external reinforcement or punishment	22
5005556017	self-regulation	involves the consistent and appropriate application of self-control skills to new situations	23
5005558729	self-efficacy	the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations	24
5005563748	cognitive theories		25
5005565348	discovery learning	bruner, true learning is using what you already know to go beyond what you already think, learning is active process, refined in the 1960's	26
5005568635	social constructivist	vygotsky	27
5005571162	meaningful reception learning	Ausubel, people acquire knowledge primarily through reception rather than discovery, the most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows	28
5005580349	4 techniques of discovery learning	emphasizing contrasts, developing relationships/connections, encouraging participation, arousing emotions	29
5005611455	emphasize contrasts	determining something by what it is and what it is not	30
5005613266	developing relationships/connections	seeing the relationships between concepts	31
5005613267	encouraging participation	participating in actual experiences, role plays or simulations to understand more fully	32
5005616650	arousing emotions	involving students actively in debates and experiences that have an emotional relevance	33
5005620278	constructivist	vygotsky, complex mental processes begin as social activities, systematic, open-ended debates are instrumental in helping individuals create personal views	34
5005643542	zone of proximal development	difference between what a student can do on his own and what can be accomplished with some assistance, optimal level for learning	35
5005653384	scaffolding	adult or other individual provides some form of guidance or structure that enables students to perform at their proximal zone of development	36
5005786846	bruner	all children have natural curiosity	37
5005856943	constuctivist are	hands on minds on	38
5005860648	contructivist is	meaningful learning is the active creation of knowledge structures from personal experience	39
5005874939	cognitive constructivism	about how the individual learner understands things, in terms of developmental stages and learning styles (burner)	40
5005918123	social constructivism	emphasizes how meanings and understandings grow out of social encounters (modeling/Bandura) (ZPD/Vygotsy)	41
5005946199	problem solving	an ongoing activity in which we take what we know to discover what we don't know	42
5005957430	cognitive learning	emphasizes how people perceive, understand and remember information by seeing relationships	43
5006237739	bandura		44

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Elemental Geosystems Flashcards

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3713964766	Geography	The science that studies the relationships among natural systems, geographic areas, and human society and culture, and the interdependence of all of these over space.	0
3713973516	Spatial	Refers to the nature and character of physical space, its measurement, and the distribution of things within it.	1
3713982122	What are the five themes of geographic science?	1. Location 2. region 3. human-Earth relationships 4. movement 5. place	2
3713986414	Spatial Analysis	The examination of spatial interactions, patterns, and variations over area and/ or space; a key integrative approach of geography.	3
3713987562	Process	A set of actions or mechanisms that operate in some special order, is a central concept of geographic analysis.	4
3713987563	Physical Geography	Is the spatial analysis of all the physical elements, processes, and systems that make up the environment: energy, air, water, weather, climate, landforms.	5
3713989539	Earth systems science	The area of study that seeks to understand Earth as a complete entity, an interacting set of physical, chemical, and biological systems.	6
3713989540	Scientific Method	Is the traditional recipe of a scientific investigation: it can be thought of as simple, organized steps leading toward concrete, objective conclusions.	7
3714038313	Sustainability science	Emerged as a new, integrative discipline, broadly based on concepts of sustainable development related to functioning Earth systems.	8
3714045966	System	Any set of ordered, interrelated components and their attributes, linked by flows of energy and matter, as distinct from the surrounding environment outside the system.	9
3714054691	Open system	A system with inputs and outputs crossing back and forth between the system and the surrounding environment. Earth is one of these in terms of energy	10
3714068808	Closed system	A system that is shut off from the surrounding environment so that it is self- contained.	11
3714074926	Feedback loops	Created when a portion of system output is returned as an information input, causing changes that guide further system operation.	12
3714076334	Negative Feedback	Feedback that tend to slow or dampen responses in a system; promotes self-regulation in a system; far more common than positive feedback in living systems.	13
3714076335	Positive Feedback	Feedback that amplifies or encourages responses in a system.	14
3714079818	Steady- state equilibrium	The condition that occurs in a system when the rates of input and output are equal and the amounts of energy and stored matter are nearly constant around a stable average.	15
3714079819	Dynamic equilibrium	Increasing or decreasing operations in a system demonstrate a trend over time, a change in average conditions.	16
3807577546	threshold	a moment in which a system can no longer maintain its character, so it lurches to a new operational level	17
3807577547	model	a simplified version of a system, representing an idealized part of the real world	18
3807577548	abiotic	earths nonliving systems of energy and materials	19
3807578594	biotic	earths living systems of organisms	20
3807578595	atmosphere	the thin veil of gasses surrounding Earth, which forms a protective boundary between outer space and the biosphere; generally considered to extend out about 480 km from Earth's surface	21
3807584935	hydrosphere	an abiotic open system that includes all of Earth's water	22
3807585094	cryosphere	the frozen portion of Earth's waters, including ice sheets, ice caps and fields, glaciers, ice shelves, sea ice, and subsurface ground ice	23
3807586477	lithosphere	Earth's crust and that portion of the uppermost mantle directly below the crust, extending down about 70km. Some sources use this term to refer to the entire Earth	24
3807586478	biosphere	That area where the atmosphere, and hydrosphere function together to form the context within which life exists; an intricate web which connects all organisms with their physical environment	25
3807587847	geodesy	The science that determines Earth's shape and size through surveys, mathematical means, and remote sensing	26
3807749845	geoid	a word that describes Earth's shape	27
3807749846	latitude	the angular distance measure north or south of the equator from a point at the center of Earth.	28
3807750689	parallel	a line connecting all points of the same latitudinal angle	29
3807750690	longitude	the angular distance measured east or west of a prime meridian from a point at the center of Earth	30
3807752696	meridian	a line designating an angle of longitude	31
3807752697	prime meridian	an arbitrary meridian designated as 0 longitude, the points where longitudes are measured east or west	32
3807755380	great circle	any circle drawn on a globe with its center coinciding with the center of the globe	33
3807757105	Greenwich Mean Time(GMT)	former world standard time	34
3807759667	Coordinated Universal Tome (UTC)	the official reference time in all countries,now measured by primary standard atomic clocks	35
3807762934	International Date Line (IDL)	the 180 degree meridian, an important corollary to the prime meridian on the opposite side of the planet, established by an 1884 treaty to mark the place where each day officially begins	36
3807765199	Daylight saving time	time is set ahead one hour in the spring and set back one hour in the fall in the Northern Hemisphere.	37
3807765200	map	a generalized view of an area, usually some portion of Earth's surface, as seen from above at a generally reduced size	38
3807767566	cartography	the making of maps and charts	39
3807768711	scale	the ratio of the distance on a map to that in the real world; expressed as a representative fraction	40
3807768712	map projection	the reduction of a spherical globe onto a flat surface in some orderly and systematic realignment of the latitude and longitude grid	41
3807772277	equal area	a trait of a map projection; indicates the equivalence of all areas on the surface of the map, although shape is distorted	42
3807772278	true shape	a map property showing the correct configuration of coastlines	43
3807775672	Mercator projection	a true shape projection, with meridians appearing as equally spaced lines	44
3810886832	rhumb line	a line of constant compass direction, or constant bearing, that crosses successive meridians at the same angle; appears as a straight line only on the Mercator projection	45
3810888064	Global Positioning System (GPS)		46
3810888792	remote sensing		47
3810890659	Geographic Information System (GIS)		48
3810892501	Milky Way Galaxy		49
3810892502	gravity		50
3810894204	planetesimal hypothesis		51
3810894859	speed of light		52
3810894860	perihelion		53
3810895858	aphelion		54
3810895859	fusion		55
3810895875	sunspots		56
3810896639	solar wind		57
3810896640	magnetosphere		58
3810897500	auroras		59
3810898729	electromagnetic spectrum		60
3810898730	wavelength		61
3810899442	thermopause		62
3810900649	insulation		63
3810901115	solar constant		64

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Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 4 Test Review Flashcards

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4785293503	4 main types of tissues	Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous	0
4785293504	Covers the body and lines the body cavities	Epithelial tissue	1
4785293505	Epithelial classified by shape	Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional	2
4785293506	Epithelial classified by arrangement of cells	Simple, stratified	3
4785293507	Single layer of scale like cells; function is transport	Simple squamous epithelium	4
4785293508	Several layers of closely packed cells; function is protection	Stratified squamous epithelium	5
4785293509	Columnar cells arranged in single layer; line stomach and intestines; specialized for absorption	Simple columnar epithelium	6
4785293510	Found in body areas that stretch; up to 10 layers of cuboidal cells that distort to squamous when stretched	Stratified transitional epithelium	7
4785293511	Each cell touches basement membrane; lines trachea	Pseudostratofied epithelium	8
4785293512	Specialized for secretory activity; may be grouped into glands; may secrete into ducts, blood, and body surface	Simple cuboidal epithelium	9
4785293513	Saliva, digestive juice, hormones	Examples of secretion	10
4785529899	Most abundant in body; multiple types, appearances, functions; few cells in intercellular matrix	Connective tissue	11
4785529900	Areolar, adipose, fibrous, bone, cartilage, blood	Types of connective tissue	12
4785529901	Glue that holds organs together; most widely distributed	Areolar	13
4785529902	Lipid storage is primary dunction	Adipose (fat)	14
4785529903	Bundles of strong collagen fibers (no stretch)	Fibrous	15
4785529904	Matrix is calcified; function is support and protection	Bone	16
4785529905	Matrix is consistency of gristle like gel; chondrocyte is the cell type	Cartilage	17
4785529906	Matrix is fluid; functions are transportation and protection	Blood	18
4785529907	Forms blood cells and lymphatic system cells	Hematopoietic/hemopoietic	19
4785529908	Fight off infection	White blood cells	20
4785529909	Transport oxygen	Red blood cells	21
4785529910	Attaches to bone; called striated or voluntary; control is voluntary; striations apparent when viewed under a microscope	Skeletal muscle tissue	22
4785529911	Also called striated or involuntary; composes heart wall; ordinarily can not control contractions	Cardiac muscle tissue	23
4785529912	Called nonstriated (visceral) or involuntary; no cross striations; found in blood vessels and other tube-shaped organs	Smooth muscle tissue	24
4785529913	Function is rapid communication between body structures and control of body functions	Nervous tissue	25
4785529914	Conduction cells	Neurons	26
4785529915	2 types of processes that all neurons have	Axon and dendrite	27
4785529916	Carries nerve impulse away from cell body	Axon (one)	28
4785529917	Carries nerve impulse toward the cell body	Dendrite (one or more)	29
4785529918	Supportive and connecting cells	Glia (neuroglia)	30
4785538071	Usually accomplished by means of regeneration of tissue	Tissue repair	31
4785538072	Tissues that regenerate easily	Epithelial and connective tissues	32
4785538073	Limited abilities to repair themselves	Muscle and nervous tissues	33
4785544641	Unusually thick scar that develops in the lower layer of the skin	Keloid	34
4785544642	Dense fibrous mass of cells that replaces normal tissue during healing	Scar	35

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Prealgebra Flashcards

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1786861166	Addition Principle of Equality	If the same number is added to both sides of an equation, the results on both sides are equal in value. We can restate this principle in symbols this way. For any numbers a,b, and c. if a+b, then a+c=b+c	0
1786861167	opposites	2 and -2	1
1786861168	additive inverse property	a+(-a)=0 and -a+a=0	2
1786861169	line	extends indefinitely	3
1786861170	line segment	has a beginning and an end	4
1786861171	ray	starts at a point and extends indefinitely in one direction	5
1786861172	angle	is formed whenever two rays meet at the same endpoint	6
1786861173	vertex	the point at which they meet is called	7
1786861174	supplementary angles	two angles that have a sum of 180	8
1786861175	adjacent angles	two angles that share a common side	9
1786861176	Division Principle of Equality	If both sides of an equation are divided by the same nonzero number, the results on both sides are equal in value. We can restate it in symbols this way. For any numbers a,b,c, with c not equal to 0. if a+b, then a/c=b/c	10
1786861177	Perimeter of a rectangle	The perimeter of a rectangle is twice the length plus twice the width P=2L+2W	11
1786861178	Perimeter of a square	The perimeter of a square is four times the length of a side. P=4s	12
1786861179	Parallelogram	is a four-sided figure in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.	13
1786861180	Parallel lines	are straight lines that are always the same distance apart.	14
1786861181	Area of a rectangle	is the length times the width A=LW	15
1786861182	Area of a square	is the length of one side squared. A=s2	16
1786861183	Area of a parallelogram	is the base times the height A=bh	17
1786861184	quadrilaterals	four sided figures	18
1786861185	Volume	the volume of a rectangle solid is the product of the length times the width times the height V=LWH	19
1786861186	Product Rule for Exponents	To multiply constants or variables in exponent form that have the same base, add the exponents but keep the base unchanged.	20
1786861187	Procedure for multiplying algebraic expressions with exponents	1. multiply the numerical coefficients. 2. Use the product rule for exponents.	21
1786861188	monomial	has one term	22
1786861189	binomial	has two terms	23
1786861190	trinomial	has three terms	24
1786861191	Divisibility Tests	1. A number is divisible by 2 if its is even. This means that the last digit is 0,2,4,6. or 8. 2. A number is divisible by 3 is the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. 3. A number is divisible by 5 if its last digit is 0 or 5.	25
1786861192	Prime number	is a whole number greater than 1 that is divisible only by itself and 1.	26
1786861193	Composite number	is a whole number greater than 1 that can by divided by whole numbers other than itself and 1.	27
1786861194	first few prime numbers are	2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29...	28
1786861195	factors	are numbers that are multiplied together.	29
1786861196	prime factors	are factors that are prime.	30
1786861197	Procedure to find prime factors using a division ladder	1. Determine if the original number is divisible by a prime number. If so, divide and find the quotient. 2. Divide the quotient by prime numbers until the final quotient is a prime number. 3. Write the divisors and the final quotient as a product of prime factors.	31
1786861198	Procedure to build a factor tree to find prime factors	1. Write the number to be factored as a product of any two numbers other than 1 and itself. 2. In this product, circle any prime factor(s). 3. Write all factors that are not prime as products. 4. Circle any prime factor(s). 5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until all factors are primed. 6. Write the numbers that are circled as a product of prime numbers.	32
1786861199	numerator	the top of a fraction shows the number of equal parts in the whole.	33
1786861200	denominator	the bottom of a fraction shows the number of parts being talked about or being used.	34
1786861201	Division Problems involving the numbers one and zero	1. Any nonzero number divided by itself is 1. 2. Zero can never be the divisor in a division problem. 3. Zero may be divided by any number except zero; the result is always zero. In other words, any fraction with 0 in the numerator and a nonzero denominator equals 0.	35
1786861202	Proper fraction	used to describe a quantity less than 1.	36
1786861203	Improper fraction	used to describe a quantity greater than or equal to l.	37
1786861204	Procedure to Change an Improper fraction to a mixed number	1. Divide the numerator by the denominator. 2. The quotient is the whole number part of the mixed number. 3. The remainder from the division will be the numerator of the fraction. The denominator of the fraction remains unchanged. A mixed number is in the following form: quotient remainder/denominator	38
1786861205	Procedure to Change a Mixed Number to an Improper Fraction	1. Multiply the whole number by the denominator of the fraction. 2. Add this product to the numerator. The result is the numerator of the improper fraction. The denominator does not change.	39
1786861206	Procedure to find Equivalent Fractions	To find an equivalent fraction, we multiply both the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number.	40
1786861207	reduced to lowest terms	(or written in simplest form) if the numerator and denominator have no common factors other than 1.	41
1786861208	Procedure to Reduce a Fraction to lowest terms	1. Write the numerator and denominator of the fraction each as a product of prime factors. 2. Any factor that appears in both the numerator and denominator is a common factor. Rewrite the common factors as the equivalent fraction and multiply.	42
1786861209	The Quotient Rule	If the bases in the numerator and denominator of a fractional expression are the same and a and b are positive integers, then Use this form if the larger exponent is in the numerator and x=0. Use this form if the larger exponent is in the denominator and x=0.	43
1786861210	Nonzero	For any nonzero number The expression 0 is not defined	44
1786861211	Raising A Power to a Power or a Product to a Power	To raise a power to a power, keep the same base and multiply the exponents. To raise a product to a power, raise each factor to that power.	45
1786861212	Additional Power Rule	If a fraction in parentheses is raised to a power, the parentheses indicate that the numerator and denominator are each raised to that power.	46
1786861213	Ratio	is a comparison of two quantities that have the same units.	47
1786861214	Rate	is a comparison of two quantities with different units.	48
1786861215	Unit rates	...	49
1786861216	Multiplying fractions	1. Simplify by factoring out common factors whenever possible. 2. Multiply numerators. 3. Multiply denominators.	50
1786861217	Dividing fractions	To divide two fractions, we find the reciprocal of (invert) the second fraction and multiply.	51
1786861218	Finding the least common denominator (LCD)	To find the LCD: 1. Write each denominator as the product of prime factors. 2. List the requirements for the factorization of the LCD. 3. Build an LCD that has all the factors of each denominator, using a minimum number of factors.	52
1786861219	Adding or subtracting fractions with a common denominator	1. Add or subtract the numerators. 2. Keep the common denominator. 3. Simplify the answer if necessary.	53
1786861220	Adding or subtracting fractions with different denominators	1. Find the LCD of the fractions. 2. Write equivalent fractions that have the LCD as the denominator. 3. Follow the steps for adding and subtracting fractions with a common denominator.	54
1786861221	Adding mixed numbers	1. Change fractional parts to equivalent fractions with the LCD as a denominator, if needed. 2. Add whole numbers and fractions separately. 3. If improper fractions occur, change to mixed numbers and simplify.	55
1786861222	Subtracting mixed numbers	1. Change fractional parts to equivalent fractions with the LCD as a denominator, if needed. 2. If necessary, borrow from the whole number to subtract fractions. 3. Subtract whole numbers and fractions separately. 4. Simplify the answer if necessary.	56
1786861223	Multiplying and dividing mixed and/or whole numbers.	1. Change any whole number to a fraction with a denominator of 1. 2. Change any mixed numbers to improper fractions. 3. Use the rule for multiplication or division of fractions.	57
1786861224	Order of operations with fractions	To simplify fractions, perform operations in the following order: 1. Perform operations inside parentheses. 2. Simplify exponents. 3. Multiply and divide, working left to right. 4. Add and subtract, working left to right.	58
1786861225	Solving equations using the multiplication principle	1. If the variable is divided by a number, undo the division by multiplying both sides of the equation by this number. 2. If the variable is multiplied by a fraction, multiply both sides of the equation by the reciprocal of that fraction. 3. Check by substituting your answer back into the original equation.	59
1786861226	Adding polynomials	To add two polynomials, we add like terms.	60
1786861227	Finding the opposite of a polynomial	When a negative sign precedes parentheses, we remove parentheses and change the sign of each term inside the parentheses.	61
1786861228	Subtracting polynomials	To subtract two polynomials, change the signs of all terms in the second polynomial and then add.	62
1786861229	Multiply a binomial times a trinomial	When we multiply a binomial times a trinomial, we multiply each term of the binomial times the trinomial.	63
1786861230	Multiplying binomials using FOIL	F--Multiply the first terms O--multiply the Outer terms I--multiply the Inner terms L--multiply the Last terms Combine like terms	64
1786861231	Write variable expressions when two or more quantities are being compared	When two or more quantities are being compared, we let a variable represent the quantity to which things are being compared.	65
1786861232	Length	12 inches=1 foot 2 feet = l yard 5280 feet = 1 mile	66
1786861233	Volume	2 cups = 1 pint 2 pints = 1 quart 4 quarts = 1 gallon	67
1786861234	Weight	16 oz = 1 pound 2000 pounds = 1 ton	68
1786861235	Time	60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours - 1 day 7 days = 1 week	69
1786861236	Procedure to convert from one unit to another	1. Write the relationship between the units. 2. Identify the unit you want to end up with. 3. Write a unit fraction that has the unit you want to end up with in the numerator. 4. Multiply by the unit fraction.	70
1786861237	Metric Measurements Weight	1 kilogram = 1000 grams 1 gram = the basic unit 1 milligram = 0.001 gram	71
1786861238	Metric Measurements Length	1 kilometer = 1000 meters 1 meter= the basic unit 1 centimeter = 0.01 meter l millimeter = 0.001 meter	72
1786861239	Metric Measurements Volume	1 kiloliter = 1000 liters 1 liter = the basic unit 1 milliliter = 0.001 liter	73
1786861240	kilo hecto deka basic unit deci centi milli	changing from larger metric units to smaller ones: moving to the right on chart move the decimal point to the right the same number of places.	74
1786861241	kilo hecto deka basic unit deci centi milli	changing from smaller metric units to larger ones: moving to the left on chart move the decimal point to the left the same number of places.	75
1786861242	perpendicular	one fourth revolution is 90 degrees	76
1786861243	right angle	one half revolution is 180 degrees	77
1786861244	full angle	one complete revolution is 360 degrees	78
1786861245	supplementary angles	sum of 180 degrees	79
1786861246	complementary angles	two angles that have a sum of 90 degrees	80
1786861247	vertical angles	two angles that are opposite each other	81
1786861248	adjacent angles	two angles that share a common side	82
1786861249	Parallel lines cut by a Transversal	if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the measures of corresponding angles are equal and the measures of alternate interior angles are equal.	83
1786861250	Parallel lines	never meet, and the distance between them is always the same	84
1786861251	transversal	a line that intersects two or more lines at different points	85
1786861252	alternate interior angles	two angles that are opposite sides of the transversal and between the other two lines	86
1786861253	corresponding angles	two angles that are on the same side of the transversal and are both above (or below) the other two lines.	87

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