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Ap World History Strayer Chapter 5 Flashcards

5498731130	China's Scholar-Gentry Class	lived luxuriously, benefited from wealth and from power and prestige, located in both rural and urban areas, had multi-storied houses, fine silk clothes etc	0
5498731133	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A peasant revolt starting in 184 c.e. named for the yellow scarves the peasants wore on their head, unifying ideology of Daoism, goal of "Great Peace" a golden age of equality and harmony	1
5498731134	Varna	four social classes in India, relating to Caste system	2
5498731135	Jati	divisions within the varna, groups of similar people, sub-caste	3
5498731136	Ritual Purity	In Indian social practice, the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.	4
5498731137	Greek and Roman Slavery	In the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and piracy (and their descendants), abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. Among the Greeks, household service was the most common form of slavery, but in parts of the Roman state, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations.	5
5498731138	Spartacus	A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.)	6
5498731139	The Three obediences	In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son	7
5498731140	Patriarchy	a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line,	8
5498731141	Empress Wu	The only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.), Empress Wu patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.	9
5498731143	Pericles	A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.), he presided over Athens's Golden Age	10
5498731144	Helots	The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society	11

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AP English Literature Terms Flashcards

sources of definitions are The Princeton Review (TPR) and Barron's AP study guides. and class notes that Mr. Enns distributed :)

Terms : Hide Images

4444302648	abstract	an abbreviated synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research	0
4444302649	adage	a saying/proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language	1
4444302650	allegory	a story in which the narrative/characters carry an underlying symbolic, metaphorical or possibly an ethical meaning	2
4444302651	alliteration	the repetition of one or more initial consonant in a group of words or lines of poetry or prose. writers use this for ornament or for emphasis	3
4444302652	allusion	a reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or enhance the meaning of an idea	4
4444302653	ambiguity	a vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings and interpretation	5
4444302654	anachronism	a person, scene, event, or other element in literature that fails to correspond with the time/era in which the work is set	6
4444302655	analogy	a comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things	7
4444302656	annotation	a brief explanation,summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature	8
4444302657	antagonist	a character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist produces tension or conflict	9
4444302658	antithesis	a rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of a grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences	10
4444302659	aphorism	a short, pithy statement of a generally accepted truth or sentiment	11
4444302660	Apollonian	in contrast to Dionysian, it refers to the most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior	12
4444302661	apostrophe	a locution that addresses a person/personified thing not present	13
4444302662	archetype	an abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model/form	14
4444302663	assonance	the repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words or lines in poetry and prose	15
4444302664	ballad	a simple narrative verse that tells a story that is sung or recited; a long narrative poem, usually in very regular meter and rhyme, typically has a naive folksy quality	16
4444302665	bard	a poet, in olden times, a performer who told heroic stories to musical accompaniment	17
4444302666	bathos	the use of insincere or overdone sentimentality	18
4444302667	belle-lettres	the French term for the world of books, criticism, and literature in general	19
4444302668	bibliography	a list of works cited or otherwise relevant to a subject or other work	20
4444302669	Bildungsroman	a German word referring to a novel structured as a series of events that take place as the hero travels in quest of a goal	21
4444302670	blank verse	poetry written in iambic pentameter, the primary meter used in English poetry and the works of Shakespeare and Milton. its lines generally do not rhyme	22
4444302671	bombast	inflated, pretentious language used for trivial subjects	23
4444302672	burlesque	a work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation; a broad parody and exaggerates it into ridiculousness	24
4444302673	cacophony	grating, inharmonious sounds	25
4444302674	caesura	a pause somewhere in the middle of a verse, often (but not always marked by punctuation)	26
4444302675	canon	the works considered most important in national literature or period; works widely read and studied	27
4444302676	caricature	a grotesque likeness of striking qualities in persons and things; a portrait that exaggerates a facet of personality	28
4444302677	carpe diem	"seize the day"	29
4444302678	catharsis	a cleansing of the spirit brought about by the pity and terror of a dramatic tragedy	30
4444302679	classic	a highly regarded work of literature or other art form that has withstood the test of time, similar to canon	31
4444302680	classicism	deriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity and restraint	32
4444302681	climax	the high point, or turning point, of a story/play	33
4444302682	novel	a tale in which a young protagonist experiences an introduction to adulthood. the character may develop understanding via disillusionment, education, doses of reality, or any other experiences that alter his/her emotional/intellectual maturity. e.g. Invisible Man	34
4444302683	conceit	a witty or ingenious thought; a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language; a startling or unusual metaphor, or a metaphor developed and expanded upon several lines	35
4444302684	anticlimax	this occurs when an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect, it is frequently comic in effect	36
4444302685	antihero	a protagonist who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, or any number of other unsavory qualities	37
4444302686	aside	a speech (usually just a short comment) made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage	38
4444302687	aspect	a trait of characteristic, as in "an aspect of the dew drop"	39
4444302688	atmosphere	the emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene	40
4444302689	black humor	this is the use of disturbing themes in comedy. e.g. two tramps comically debating over which should commit suicide first, and whether the branches of a tree will support their weight	41
4444302690	cadence	the beat or rhythm of poetry in a general sense	42
4444302691	canto	is a divider in long poems, much like chapters in a novel	43
4444302692	coinage	a.k.a. neologism, inventing a word	44
4444302693	colloquialism	this is a word or phrase used in everyday conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" English	45
4444302694	controlling image	when an image dominates and shapes the entire work	46
4444302695	metaphysical conceit	a type of conceit that occurs only in metaphysical poetry	47
4444302696	connotation	the suggest or implied meaning of a word/phrase	48
4444302697	consonance	the repetition of two or more consonant sounds within a group of words or a line of poetry	49
4444302698	couplet	a pair of lines that end in rhyme	50
4444302699	heroic couplet	two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter are called this	51
4444302700	denotation	the literal, dictionary definition of a word	52
4444302701	denouement	the resolution that occurs at the end of a play or work or fiction	53
4444302702	deus ex machina	in literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem	54
4444302703	Dionysian	as distinguished from Apollonian, the word refers to sensual, pleasure seeking impulses	55
4444302704	diction	the choice of words in oral and written discourse	56
4444302705	syntax	the ordering and structuring of the words in a sentence	57
4444302706	dirge	a song for the dead, its tone is typically slow, heavy, and melancholy	58
4444302707	dissonance	the grating of incompatible sounds	59
4444302708	doggerel	crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme	60
4444302709	dramatic irony	when the audience knows something that the characters in the drama do not	61
4444302710	dramatic monologue	when a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience	62
4444302711	elegy	a poem or prose selection that laments or meditates on the passing/death of something/someone of value	63
4444302712	elements	the basic techniques of each genre of literature. IN SHORT STORY: characters, irony, theme, symbol, plot, setting. IN POETRY: figurative language, symbol, imagery, rhythm, rhyme. IN DRAMA: conflict, characters, climax, conclusion, exposition, rising action, falling action, props. IN NONFICTION: argument, evidence, reason, appeals, fallacies, thesis.	64
4444302713	ellipsis	three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation	65
4444302714	empathy	a feeling of association or identification with an object/person	66
4444302715	end stopped	a term that describes a line of poetry that ends with a natural pause often indicated by a mark of punctuation	67
4444302716	enjambment	the continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause	68
4444302717	epic	an extended narrative poem that tells of the adventures and exploits of a hero that is generally larger than life and is often considered a legendary figure	69
4444302718	mock epic	a parody form that deals with mundane events and ironically treats them as worthy of epic poetry	70
4444302719	epitaph	lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place. usually a line or handful of lines, often serious or religious, but sometimes witty and even irreverent	71
4444302720	epigram	a concise but ingenious, witty and thoughtful statement	72
4444302721	euphony	when sounds blend harmoniously; pleasing, harmonious sounds	73
4444302722	epithet	an adjective or phrase that expresses a striking quality of a person or thing	74
4444302723	eponymous	a term for the title character of a work of literature	75
4444302724	euphemism	a mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term	76
4444302725	exegesis	a detailed analysis or interpretation of a work of literature	77
4444302726	expose	a piece of writing that reveals weaknesses, faults, frailties, or other short comings	78
4444302727	explicit	to say or write something directly and clearly	79
4444302728	explication	the interpretation/analysis of a text	80
4444302729	extended metaphor	a series of comparisons between two unlike objects that occur over a number of lines	81
4444302730	fable	a short tale often featuring nonhuman character that act as people whose actions enable the author to make observations or draw useful lessons about human behavior. i.e Orwell's "Animal Farm"	82
4444302731	falling action	the action in a play or story that occurs after the climax and that leads to the conclusion and often to the resolution of the conflict	83
4444302732	fantasy	a story containing unreal, imaginary features	84
4444302733	farce	a comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose	85
4444302734	figurative language	in contrast to literal language, this implies meanings. It includes devices such as metaphors, similes, and personification, etc.	86
4444302735	foil	a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast	87
4444302736	first person narrative	a narrative told by a character involved in the story, using first-person pronouns such as "I" and "we"	88
4444302737	flashback	a return to an earlier time in a story or play in order to clarify present actions or circumstances i.e. Invisible Man	89
4444302738	foreshadowing	an event or statement in a narrative that suggests, in miniature, a larger event that comes later	90
4444302739	foot	the basic rhythmic unit of a line in poetry. it is formed by a combination of two or three syllables, either stressed or unstressed	91
4444302740	frame	a structure that provides premise or setting for a narrative	92
4444302741	free verse	a kind of poetry without rhymed lines, rhythm or fixed metrical feet	93
4444302742	genre	a term used to describe literary forms, such as novel, play, and essay	94
4444302743	Gothic novel	a novel in which supernatural horrors and an atmosphere of unknown terror pervades the action. i.e. "Frankenstein"	95
4444302744	harangue	a forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade	96
4444302745	hubris	the excessive pride/ambition that leads to the main character's downfall	97
4444302746	hyperbole	exaggeration/deliberate overstatement	98
4444302747	humanism	a belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity	99
4444302748	implicit	to say or write something that suggests and implies but never says it directly or clearly	100
4444302749	in medias res	Latin for "in the midst of things"; a narrative that starts not at the beginning of events but at some other critical point	101
4444302750	idyll	a lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place	102
4444302751	image	a word or phrase representing that which can be seen, touched, tasted, smelled or felt	103
4444302752	inversion	switching customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase. when done badly it can give a stilted, artificial look-at-me-I'm-poetry feel to the verse. type of syntax	104
4444302753	irony	a mode of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated, often implying ridicule or light sarcasm	105
4444302754	invective	a direct verbal assault; a denunciation. i.e. Candide	106
4444302755	kenning	a device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions/qualities, as in "ring-giver" for king and "wale-road" for ocean	107
4444302756	lament	a poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one or over some other intense loss	108
4444302757	lampoon	a satire	109
4444302758	light verse	a variety of poetry meant to entertain or amuse, butt sometimes with a satirical thrust	110
4444302759	loose sentence	a sentence that is complete before its end. follows customary word order of English sentences i.e. subject-verb-object	111
4444302760	periodic sentence	a sentence not grammatically complete until it has reached its final phrase; sentence that departs from the usual word order of English sentences by expressing its main thought only at the end	112
4444302761	lyric	personal, reflective poetry that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject; the word is used to describe tone, it refers to a sweet, emotional melodiousness	113
4444302762	melodrama	a form of cheesy theater in which the hero is very, very good, the villain mean and rotten, and the heroine oh-so-pure.	114
4444302763	litotes	a form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity	115
4444302764	maxim	a saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth	116
4444302765	metaphor	a figure of speech that compares unlike objects	117
4444302766	metaphysical poetry	the work of poets, particularly those of 17th c., that uses elaborate conceits, is highly intellectual, and expresses the complexities of love and life	118
4444302767	meter	the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in poetry	119
4444302768	metonymy	a figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated. e.g. "The White House says..."	120
4444302769	mode	the general form, pattern, and manner of expression of a work of literature	121
4444302770	montage	a quick succession of images/impressions used to express an idea	122
4444302771	mood	the emotional tone in a work of literature	123
4444302772	nemesis	the protagonist's archenemy or supreme and persistent difficulty	124
4444302773	objectivity	this treatment of a subject matter is an impersonal/outside view of events	125
4444302774	subjectivity	this treatment of a subject matter uses the interior/personal view of a single observer and is typically colored with that observer's emotional responses	126
4444302775	onomatopoeia	words that sound like what they mean	127
4444302776	moral	a brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature	128
4444302777	motif	a phrase, idea, event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in a work of literature.	129
4444302778	muse	one of the ancient Greek goddesses presiding over the arts. the imaginary source of inspiration for an artist or writer	130
4444302779	myth	an imaginary story that has become accepted part of the cultural or religious tradition of a group/society. often used to explain natural phenomena.	131
4444302780	narrative	a form of verse or prose that tells a story	132
4444302781	naturalism	a term often used as a synonym for "realism"; also a view of experiences that is generally characterized as bleak and pessimistic	133
4444302782	non sequitur	a statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before	134
4444302783	novel of manners	a novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular social group	135
4444302784	ode	a lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful and exalted feelings toward the subject.	136
4444302785	omniscient narrator	a narrator with unlimited awareness, understanding, and insight of characters, setting, background, and all other elements of the story	137
4444302786	oxymoron	a phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction. juxtaposition of contradictory element to create a paradoxical effect	138
4444302787	opposition	one of the most useful concepts in analyzing literature. it means that you have a pair of elements that contrast sharply.	139
4444302788	ottava rima	an eight-line rhyming stanza of a poem	140
4444302789	parable	like a fable or an allegory, it's a story that instructs; a story consisting of events from which a moral or spiritual truth may be derived	141
4444302790	paradox	a statement that seems self-contradictory yet true	142
4444302791	parallelism	repeated syntactical similarities used for effect	143
4444302792	parody	an imitation of a work meant to ridicule its style and subject	144
4444302793	paraphrase	a version of a text put into simpler, everyday, words	145
4444302794	pastoral	a work of literature dealing with rural life	146
4444302795	pathetic fallacy	faulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects	147
4444302796	pathos	that element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow	148
4444302797	pentameter	a verse with five poetic feet per line	149
4444302798	persona	the role/facade that a character assumes or depicts to a reader, viewer, or the world at large; the narrator in a non-first-person novel	150
4444302799	personification	giving an inanimate object human like qualities or form	151
4444302800	plot	the interrelationship among the events in a story, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution	152
4444302801	picaresque novel	an episodic novel about a roguelike wanderer who lives off his wits. e.g. "Don Quixote", "Moll Flanders"	153
4444302802	plaint	a poem or speech expressing sorrow	154
4444302803	point of view	the perspective from which the action of a novel in presented.	155
4444302804	omniscient narrator	3rd person narrator who sees like God into each character's mind and understands all the action going on.	156
4444302805	limited omniscient narrator	3rd person narrator who generally reports only what one character (usually the main) sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one privileged character.	157
4444302806	objective narrator	3rd person narr. who only reports on what would be visible to a camera, doesn't know what the character is thinking unless the character speaks of it.	158
4444302807	first person narrator	this is a narrator who is a character in the story and tells the tale from his/her POV. when the narrator is crazy, a liar, very young, or for some reason not entirely credible, the narrator is "unreliable"	159
4444302808	prosody	the grammar of meter and rhythm in poetry	160
4444302809	protagonist	the main character in a work of literature	161
4444302810	prelude	an introductory poem to a longer work of verse	162
4444302811	pun	the usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest two or more meanings	163
4444302812	pseudonym	also called "pen name", a false name or alias used by writers. i.e Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) George Orwell (Eric Blair)	164
4444302813	quatrian	a four-line poem or a four-line unit of a longer poem	165
4444302814	refrain	a line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem	166
4444302815	requiem	a song of prayer for the dead	167
4444302816	realism	the depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealization or exaggeration for effect	168
4444302817	rhetoric	the language of a work and its style; words, often highly emotional, used to convince or sway an audience	169
4444302818	rhetorical question	a question that suggests an answer. in theory, the effect is that it causes the listener to feel they have come up with the answer themselves	170
4444302819	rhapsody	an intensely passionate verse or section of verse, usually of love or praise	171
4444302820	rhyme	the repetition of similar sounds at regular intervals, used mostly in poetry	172
4444302821	rhyme scheme	the patterns of rhymes within a given poem i.e. abba	173
4444302822	rhythm	the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that make up a line of poetry. similar to meter	174
4444302823	romance	an extended narrative about improbable events and extraordinary people in exotic places	175
4444302824	sarcasm	a sharp, caustic expression or remark; a bitter jibe or taunt	176
4444302825	satire	a literary style used to poke fun at, attack or ridicule an idea, vice, or foible, often for the purpose of inducing change. great subjects for this include hypocrisy, vanity and greed, especially if those characteristics have become institutionalized in society	177
4444302826	simile	figurative comparison using the words "like" or "as"	178
4444302827	setting	the total environment for the action in a novel/play. it includes time, place, historical milieu, and social, political and even spiritual circumstances	179
4444302828	sentimental	a term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience; also nauseatingly nostalgic and mawkish	180
4444302829	sentiment	a synonym for "view" or "feeling"; also refined and tender emotion in literature	181
4444302830	scansion	the act of determining the meter of a poetic line.	182
4444302831	sonnet	a popular form of verse consisting of fourteen lines and a prescribed rhyme scheme. two types: Shakespearean and Petrarchan	183
4444302832	soliloquy	a speech spoken by a character alone on stage. meant to convey the impression that the audience is listening to the character's THOUGHTS. unlike an aside, it is not meant to imply that the actor acknowledges the audience's presence	184
4444302833	stanza	a group of lines in verse, roughly analogous in function to the paragraph in prose; a group of two or more lines in poetry combined according to subject matter, rhyme, or some other plan	185
4444302834	stream of consciousness	a style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind, e.g. Ernest Hemingway	186
4444302835	stock characters	standard or cliched character types: the drunk, the miser, the foolish girl, etc.	187
4444302836	suggest	to imply, infer indicate. goes along with the concept of implicit	188
4444302837	style	the manner in which an author uses and arranges words, shapes ideas, forms sentences and creates a structure to convey ideas	189
4444302838	subplot	a subordinate or minor collection of events in a novel or play, usually connected to the main plot	190
4444302839	subtext	the implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of a work of literature	191
4444302840	summary	a simple retelling of what you've just read. what you DON'T want to do in the Open Essay section :)	192
4444302841	symbolism	a device in literature where an object represents an idea	193
4444302842	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole or the whole signifies the part	194
4444302843	theme	the main idea or meaning, often an abstract idea upon which a work of literature is built	195
4444302844	thesis	the main position of an argument. the central contention that will be supported	196
4444302845	tone	the author's attitude toward the subject being written about. it's the characteristic emotion that pervades a work or part of a work	197
4444302846	tragic flaw	in a tragedy, this is the weakness of a character in an otherwise good individual that ultimately leads to his demise	198
4444302847	tragedy	a form of literature in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw and a set of forces that cause the hero considerable anguish, or even death	199
4444302848	travesty	a grotesque parody	200
4444302849	truism	a way-too-obvious truth	201
4444302850	utopia	an idealized place. imaginary communities in which people are able to live in happiness, prosperity and peace. Sir Thomas More came up with this idea.	202
4444302851	verbal irony	a discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words	203
4444302852	verse	a synonym for poetry. also a group of lines in a song or poem; also a single line of poetry	204
4444302853	verisimilitude	similar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is	205
4444302854	versification	the structural form of a line of verse as revealed by the number of feet it contains. i.e. monometer = 1 foot; tetrameter = 4 feet; pentameter = 5 feet, etc.	206
4444302855	villanelle	a French verse form calculated to appear simple and spontaneous but consisting of 19 lines and a prescribed pattern of rhymes	207
4444302856	voice	the real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker. a verb is in the active voice when it expresses an action performed by its subject. a verb is in the passive voice when it expresses an action performed upon its subject or when the subject is the result of the action. Active: The crew raked the leaves. Passive: The leaves were raked by the crew.	208
4444302857	wit	the quickness of intellect and the power and talent for saying brilliant things that surprise and delight by their unexpectedness; the power to comment subtly and pointedly on the foibles of the passing scene	209
4444302858	zeugma	the use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings. "He close the door and his heart on his lost love."	210
4444302859	anastrophe	inversion of the natural or usual word order	211
4444302860	parenthesis	insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts the normal syntactical flow of the sentence	212
4444302861	apposition	placing side by side two coordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation or modification of the first. "The mountain was the earth, her home."	213
4444302862	ellipsis	deliberate omission of a word or words which are readily implied by context	214
4444302863	asyndeton	deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series of related clauses. used to produce a hurried rhythm in the sentence.	215
4444302864	polysyndeton	the deliberate use of many conjunctions. its effect is to slow down the rhythm of the sentence	216
4444302865	anaphora	repetition of the same words or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses. e.g. "I have a dream..."	217
4444302866	epistrophe	repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses "When we first came we were very many and you were very few. Now you are many and we are getting very few."	218
4444302867	epanalepsis	repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause. "Blood hat bought blood, and blows have answer'd blows"	219
4444302868	anadiplosis	repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause. "The crime was common, common be the pain."	220
4444302869	climax	the arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of importance	221
4444302870	antimetabole	repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order. "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."	222
4444302871	chiasmus	reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses. "Exalts his enemies, his friends destroys."	223
4444302872	polyptoton	repetition of words derived from the same root. "But in this desert country they may see the land being rendered USELESS by OVERUSE."	224
4444302873	antanaclasis	repetition of a word in two different senses. "Your argument is sound, nothing but sound."	225
4444302874	paronomasia	use of words alike in sound but different in meaning. "ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a GRAVE man."	226
4444302875	syllepsis	the use of a word understood differently in relation to two or more other words, which it modifies/governs. "The ink, like our pig, keeps running out of the pen."	227
4444302876	anthimeria	the substitution of one part of speech for another "I'll UNHAIR they head."	228
4444302877	periphrasis	substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name or of a proper name for a quality associated with the name. "They do not escape JIM CROW; they merely encounter another, not less deadly variety."	229
4444302878	autobiography	an account of a person's own life	230
4444302879	dialect	a way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region/group of people	231
4444302880	epiphany	in a literary work, a moment of sudden insight/revelation that a character experiences	232
4444302881	essay	a short piece of non-fiction prose that examines a single subject from a limited POV	233
4444302882	suspense	the uncertainty/anxiety we feel about what is going to happen next in a story	234

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Pre-AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards

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4780106371	Paleolithic Age	Also referred to as the Old Stone Age, people made use of crude stone tools and weapons.	0
4780106372	Neolithic Age	Also referred to as the New Stone Age, people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals.	1
4780113494	Neolithic Revolution	People shifted from food gathering to food producing (hunter-gatherer to farming)	2
4780113495	Bronze Age	Period in which people began using bronze, rather than copper or stone, to make tools and weapons.	3
4780113496	Civilization	Culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.	4
4780114405	Slash & Burn Agriculture	Farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil.	5
4780114406	Cuneiform	Sumerian system of writing using wedge-shaped symbols	6
4780114407	Ziggurats	A tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple.	7
4780114408	City-State	A city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit.	8
4780115474	Oracles		9
4780116560	Catal Huyuk		10
4780116561	Mesopotamia		11
4780117664	Kush	Ancient Nubian kingdom whose rulers controlled Egypt between 2000 and 1000 B.C.	12
4780117665	Harappa/Mohenjo-Dara	Indus River Valley civilization that existed around 7000 B.C. and was characterized by sophisticated city planning.	13
4780120159	Homo Sapien Sapiens	Biological species to which modern human beings belong	14
4780120160	Nomads	Member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water.	15
4780120161	Sumerians		16
4780121159	Hammurabi		17
4780121160	Phoenicians	Seafaring people of SW Asia, who around 1100 B.C. began to trade and establish colonies through the Mediterranean region.	18
4780121962	Domestication	The taming of animals for human use.	19
4780121963	Migration	The act of moving from one place to settle in another.	20
4780122846	Pastoralism	Branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.	21

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Chapter 29: APUSH American Pageant 13th Edition Flashcards

American Pageant 13th edition textbook, Course-notes.

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932880807	Woodrow Wilson	28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs. At the Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations, won Nobel Peace Prize.	0
932880808	Bull Moose	Roosevelt's party in the 1912 election. He ran as a Progressive against Republican Taft, beating him but losing to Democrat Woodrow Wilson. (Progressive Party)	1
932880809	New Nationalism	Theodore Roosevelt's political theory. More government involvement in regulating "bad" trusts, as well as government intervention to promote "social welfare".	2
932880810	New Freedom	Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.	3
932880811	Minority Presidency	Wilson won over 400 electoral votes, but 41% of the popular vote. Participation of Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs, and Bull Moose candidate Roosevelt, took away votes.	4
932880812	Underwood Tariff	Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax	5
932880813	Federal Reserve Act	created the new Federal Reserve Board, which oversaw a nationwide system of twelve regional reserve districts, each with its own central bank. Gave power to produce paper money,	6
932880814	Pujo Committee	A congressional subcommittee formed to investigate trusts and monopolies. The investigations revealed that financial leaders were abusing public trust to control many industries	7
932880815	Federal Trade Comission Act	Commissioned a president appointed position which investigated the activities of trusts and stopeed unfair trade practices and bribery.	8
932880816	Clayton Anti-Trust Act	New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Weakened monopolies, upheld union rights, and protected farmers.	9
932880817	Triple Wall of Privilege	The banks, trusts, and tariffs that Wilson pledged to topple were collectively known as this	10
932880818	Workingmen's Compensation Act	passed under Woodrow Wilson, this law granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability. It was a precursor to labor-friendly legislation passed during the New Deal.	11
932880819	Federal Farm Loan Act 1916	Set up twelve Federal Land Banks, under the control of a Federal Farm Loan Board, that offered farmers loans at low interest rates.	12
932880820	Warehouse Act of 1916	Authorized loans on "staple crops" because of their stability and the promise of a secure investment.	13
932880821	Adamson Act of 1916	established an 8-hour work day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce.	14
932880822	Louis Brandeis	progressive lawyer nominated to Supreme Court by Wilson, known for his brilliance and for fighting many public causes, his work earned him the name "the people's lawyer", first Jewish Supreme Court nominee.	15
932880823	Jones Act 1916	Signed by Woodrow Wilson, law the granted territorial status to the Philippines and promised independence as soon as a "stable government" could be established.	16
932880824	Venustiano Carranza and Pancho Villa	Two individuals the United States supported financially in an attempt to overthrow Huerta's regime in Mexico.	17
932880825	Lusitania	a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat in 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.	18
932880826	Sussex Pledge	Agreement between U.S. and Germany. Pledge stated that Germany would not sink passenger or merchant ships if the U.S. convinced Britain to stop their blockade. Germany broke agreement, led to U.S. WWI involvement.	19
932880827	Central Powers	Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire	20
932880828	Allied Powers	Included France, Britain, Russia, and later, the U.S.	21
932880829	Charles Hughes	Woodrow Wilson's Republican opponent for 1916 re-election. Condemned Wilson's economic policies and the way Wilson dealt with Germany and Mexico.	22
932880830	California	Election of 1916 came down to this state's votes.	23
932880831	Eugene Debbs	Socialist party candidate that received 1 million popular votes in 1912 presidential election.	24

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The American Pageant AP 13th Edition: Chapter 28 Flashcards

Chapter 28 key terms/people off the list distributed to Mr. Harrah's 2014-15 humanities classes. Please tell me if there are any spelling or grammar errors and I'll fix them as soon as possible please and thank you?

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2299614985	Henry Demarest Lloyd	Muckraker and author of Wealth Against Commonwealth which exposed the corrption of Standard Oil.	0
2299618390	Thorstein Veblen	Muckraker and author of The Theory of the Leisure Class which attacked the parasitic leisure class engaged in wasteful business rather than productive industry.	1
2299627497	Jacob Riis	Muckraker who attacked social and political evils with his novel "How The Other Half Lives" which exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen and led to the promotion of safety and health through building codes.	2
2299638565	Lincoln Steffans	Muckraker and author of The Shame of the Cities which analyzed political corruption in cities and led to the use of city commissions and managers.	3
2299640185	Theodore Dreiser	Muckraker and author of The Financier and The Titan which assailed parasitic promoters and profiteers.	4
2299645514	Jane Addams	Founder of the Settlement House Movement with Hull House (Chicago).	5
2299653318	Lillian Wald	Founder of the Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service, which provided nursing and social services and organized educational and cultural activities; considered the founder of public nursing	6
2299671825	Ida Tarbell	Muckraker and journalist who wrote a series of articles in McClure's Magazine exposing the ruthless tactics of Standard Oil and contributed to its dissolution as a monopoly.	7
2299677881	Ray Stannard Baker	Muckraker and author of Following the Color Line which exposed the subjugation of blacks in the South.	8
2299683183	Robert M. La Follette	Governor of Wisconsin and the "most militant of the progressive Republican leaders," he broke up lumber and railroad monopolies and promoted government regulation of public utilities.	9
2299690926	Hiram W. Johnson	Governor of California, he broke up the monopoly of the Southern Pacific Railroad and emulated La Follette's political policies.	10
2299697214	Frances Willard	Founder of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, she worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol, urged laws banning the sale of liquor, and worked to outlaw saloons to strengthen democracy.	11
2299705113	Florence Kelley	Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leading advocate of improved factory conditions; leader of the National Consumers League.	12
2299713185	Louis D. Brandeis	Attorney who argued before the Supreme Court in Muller vs. Oregon for the constitutionality of laws protecting women workers.	13
2299717579	Upton Sinclair	Muckraker and author of The Jungle, which attempted to improve industrial working conditions by exposing poor sanitation in Chicago's slaughterhouses but instead prompted the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.	14
2299726650	John Muir	Preservationist, Sierra Club leader, and nature writer who was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California.	15
2299733882	Jack London	Naturalist and author of The Call of the Wild which celebrated the triumph of brute force, the will to survive, and the conflict between nature and civilization.	16
2299741473	Gifford Pinchot	Conservationist and head of the federal Division of Forestry who was strongly supported by Progressives; involved in the Ballinger-Pinchot affair.	17
2299746593	Eugene V. Debs	Leader of the American Railway Union, supporter of the Pullman strike, and 5-time Socialist presidential candidate.	18
2299749331	Nelson W. Aldrich	Senator who led a series of amendments to the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill increasing tariff rates substantially.	19
2299755395	William Jennings Bryan	Democratic presidential candidate in the election of 1908 against Taft.	20
2299764301	William Howard Taft	Endorsed by Roosevelt in the election of 1908 to carry on the Progressive program, then openly pursued conservative policies while passively managing Congress, resulting in an almost complete loss of support among Progressives, Roosevelt included.	21
2299778044	Victor L. Berger	First Socialist congressman elected to the House (1910).	22
2299782584	Richard Ballinger	Taft's Secretary of the Interior who was supported by conservatives and involved in the Ballinger-Pinchot affair.	23
2299785938	initiative	Allows voters to petition state legislatures in order to consider a bill proposed by citizens.	24
2299787079	referendum	Allows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be passed.	25
2299787564	recall	Allows voters to petition to remove an elected representative from office.	26
2299789661	"white slave" traffic	Popular in the early 1900s, men were allegedly tricking, coercing, and drugging women to get them involved in prostitution and then forcing them to stay in brothels.	27
2299793632	"separate spheres"	Nineteenth-century idea in Western societies that men and women, especially of the middle class, should have different roles in society (i.e. women as wives, mothers, homemakers; men as breadwinners, participants in business/politics).	28
2299796605	"wet" and "dry" states	Terms used to refer to states which allowed or did not allow alcohol, respectively.	29
2299798804	trustbusting	Use of antitrust laws to prosecute and dissolve trusts; strongly endorsed by Roosevelt and liberally (sometimes wrongly) applied by Taft.	30
2299801002	conservationism	Environmental view which stated that land should be protected for carefully managed development; led to the formation of the National Parks System	31
2299809945	preservationism	Environmental view which stated that land should be protected for its natural beauty and not for its possible human use.	32
2299811868	dollar diplomacy	Foreign policy utilized by Taft by which the U.S. exchanged financial support for the right to guide countries' commercial ventures, primarily in South America and the Caribbean; exchanging money for political influence.	33
2299818715	"rule of reason"	Supreme Court doctrine that held that only trusts that unreasonably restrained trade were illegal; restricted federal antitrust legislation	34
2299821211	muckrakers	Journalists and writers who tried to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public; popularized sensationalism and "yellow journalism"	35
2299823930	Seventeenth Amendment (1913)	Constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators	36
2299825465	Eighteenth Amendment (1919)	Amendment imposing the federal prohibition of alcohol. It emerged from the organized efforts of the temperance movement and Anti-Saloon League.	37
2299829098	General Federation of Women's Clubs	United primarily middle class, white women (excluded women of color); discussed civic and literary issues; advocated for children clinics, schools, purer food and drug supply, and women's suffrage.	38
2299832647	Women's Trade Union League	Founded by female union members and upper class reformers to help female workers by raising money to support strikes, march on picket lines, and bail striking women out of jail.	39
2299836609	National Consumers League	Formed in the 1890's under the leadership of Florence Kelly, attempted to mobilize the power of women as consumers to force retailers and manufacturing to improve wages and working conditions.	40
2299838382	Elkins Act (1903)	Empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to ban railroads from charging farmers unfairly high rebates and fees.	41
2299843199	Hepburn Act (1906)	Empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge to ship goods by rail.	42
2299848622	Northern Securities Case	Roosevelt's legal attack on the Northern Securities Company, which paved the way for future trustbusting.	43
2299851547	Muller vs. Oregon (1908)	Louis D. Branders convinces the Supreme Court to accept laws protecting women against the harmful effects of factory labor, despite feminist opposition.	44
2299854425	Lochner vs. New York (1905)	Supreme Court ruled that the states could not restrict a labor agreement between worker and employer (i.e. the New York law that limited bakers to a 10-hour work day was ruled unconstitutional).	45
2299858368	Triangle Shirtwaist fire (1911)	Fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company killed 146 women; drew attention to poor working conditions and allowed the government to protect workers, paving the way for various national labor reforms.	46
2299862897	Woman's Christian Temperance Union	Fought for adoption of local and state laws restricting the sale of alcohol; founded by Frances E. Willard on the grounds that alcohol damaged family life and challenged religious values.	47
2299866247	the Square Deal	Roosevelt's domestic program primarily aimed at helping middle class citizens by attacking the plutocracy and trusts and protecting business from the extreme demands of unorganized labor; intended to create opportunities for all.	48
2299869453	Meat Inspection Act (1906)	Required that meat processing plants be inspected to ensure the use of good meat and health-minded procedures.	49
2299871401	Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)	Required that companies accurately label the ingredients contained in processed foods and medications.	50
2299872167	Newlands Act (1902)	Encouraged conservation by allowing the building of dams and irrigation systems using money from the sale of public lands.	51
2299879402	Sierra Club	American environmental organization led by John Muir which helped promote the protection of the environment and nature.	52
2299883114	Yosemite National Park	First national park ever established (Theodore Roosevelt, 1980); largely a result of the conservationist and preservationist movement.	53
2299902695	New Nationalism	Roosevelt's domestic platform during the 1912 election accepting the power of trusts and proposing a more powerful government to regulate them.	54
2299904627	U.S. Forest Service (1905)	Headed by conservationist Gifford Pinchot added nearly 150 million acres of national forests, controlled their use, and regulated their harvest.	55
2299912522	Ballinger-Pinchot affair	Affair in wich Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development and was consequently criticized by Pinchot; ruther widened the gap between progressive and conservative Republicans.	56
2299917414	Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill	Tariff proposed by Taft in an attempt to lower tariffs, only to be amended so thoroughly by Senator Nelson Aldrich that it ultimately raised tariffs.	57
2299920415	Old Guard	Conservative Republicans, mostly Taft-supporters.	58

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AP Language Unit 2 Flashcards

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2858153811	Laconic	expressing much in few words	0
2858154690	Intrepid	brave	1
2858155696	Accost	to approach and speak to	2
2858157010	Reticent	silent	3
2858158018	Furtive	secret, stealthy	4
2858159398	Plethora	excess	5
2858159399	Hapless	unfortunate	6
2858160464	Pretext	an excuse	7
2858161393	Adroit	skillful	8
2858164731	Gesticulate	move the arms energetically	9
2942026105	Caustic	sarcastic, biting	10
2942026106	Wrest	take by force	11
2942026925	Infamous	having a bad reputation	12
2942031795	Jostle	to shove hard	13
2942031796	Incipient	just beginning to exist	14
2942034181	Inadvertant	heedless, not attentive	15
2942035257	Ominous	threatening	16
2942036865	Tremulous	quivering	17
2942038816	Repudiate	to reject, decline	18
2942039687	Euphemism	a less offensive term	19

2608685682	Ethos	Refers to character, speaker, writer, or person and their credibility	0
2608685683	Logos	Appeals to the reasoning or logic of the argument	1
2608685684	Pathos	Appeals to the emotions of the reader and needed if the purpose of the speaker is to incite action	2
2608685685	Metaphor	A stated comparison between two unlike things "a sea of trouble"	3
2608685686	Simile	An explicit comparison between unlike things with the us of like or as	4
2608685687	Personification	Attributing human qualities to an inanimate object "the tired chair"	5
2608685688	Imagery	Sight,sound,touch,taste,smell - allows the reader to more fully participate in the work with images and experience that they can tie to directly or indirectly	6
2608685689	Syntax	The intentional emphasis on word order/structure of a sentence or phrases	7
2608685690	Pun	A play on the meaning of words "a mender of soles"	8
2608685691	Irony	The speaker means something other than what is said	9
2608685692	Hyperbole	Exaggeration	10
2608685693	Litotes	Opposite of hyperbole	11
2608685694	Metonymy	Designation of one thing with something closely associated with it	12
2608685695	Oxymoron	Contradiction; two contradictory terms or ideas used together	13
2608685696	Paradox	A statement that appears to be contradictory but.	14
2608685697	Onomatopoeia	Refers to the use of words whose sound reinforces their meaning	15
2608685698	Alliteration	Repetition of the same sound at the beginning of successive words	16
2608685699	Euphemism	An inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or harsh	17
2608685700	Allusion	A reference to another text or assumed knowledge of a reference	18
2608685701	Chiasmus	Grammatical structure	19
2608685702	Diction	Analyze only unusual word choices	20
2608685703	Parallelism	A set of similarly structured words, phrases, or clauses	21
2608685704	Juxtaposition	The placing of contrasting settings, characters, or other literary elements in paragraphs or between sections of text. Example: In Cold Blood	22
2608685705	Antithesis	The placing of opposing or contrasting ideas	23
2608685706	Asyndeton	Conjunctions are omitted	24
2608685707	Polysyndeton	The use of many conjunctions has the opposite effect of asyndeton	25
2608685708	Anaphora	A form of a regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases	26
2608685709	Repetition in general	Repeated use of words, phrases, or clauses	27
2608685710	Loose or periodic sentences	Placing the subject at the end of the sentence	28
2608685711	Rhetorical questions	A question posed by the speaker which has an obvious answer	29
2608685712	Tone	The accumulated and implied attitude	30
2608685713	Tone shift	Because tone radiates from the author, through a speaker or narrator and then to the reader, a tone shift indicates a shift in attitude about through subject	31
2612107409	Synecdoche	One word that makes the reader think of all things in the class	32

5372668028	anachronism	something out of place in time or sequence: "Can you spot the anachronism in this painting?"	0
5372703675	gesticulate	to move your arms and hands especially when speaking: "He gesticulated wildly during their argument."	1
5372717613	conjecture	an opinion or idea formed without proof or sufficient evidence: "Most of the book is conjecture, not fact.."	2
5372728272	enmity	mutual hatred or ill will: "His comments earned him the enmity of his coworkers."	3
5372745601	indolent	habitually lazy: "The indolent boy had to be forced to help out with the chores."	4
5372757464	quandary	a state of uncertainty or perplexity: "The unexpected results of the test have created a quandary for researchers."	5
5372784815	didactic	designed or intended to teach people something—often used to describe someone or something that tries to teach something (such as proper or moral behavior) in a way that is annoying or unwanted: "The poet's works became increasingly didactic after his religious conversion."	6
5372806448	haughty	blatantly and disdainfully proud: "The haughty waiter smirked when I remarked that it was odd that a French restaurant didn't even have french fries on the menu."	7
5372813283	insipid	lacking flavor or interest: "I'd climbed and fished in the emptiest reaches of the American West, but Alaska made the wilds of the lower 48 seem insipid and tame."	8
5372855518	egregious	obviously and exceptionally bad: "The egregious errors in logic made his argument not just weak but embarassing."	9

2969481769	assuage	satisfy, comfort	0
2969484289	piety	religious or reverent	1
2969486338	tyrannical	exercising power in a cruel or arbitrary way; oppressive or controlling	2
2969491340	nebulous	in the form of a cloud	3
2969493203	auspicious	conclusive to success; favorable/lucky	4
2969496330	iniquities	immoral or grossly unfair behaviors	5
2969500956	trousseau	clothes, household linen, and other belongings collected by a bride for her marriage	6
2969504471	chattel	a persona possession (Ex. Slave)	7
2969507795	dictum	formal pronouncement from an authoritative source	8
2969511772	undulate	move with a smooth wave-like motion	9
2969519568	effusive	open to bold emotion	10
2969523329	satirical	making fun of or mockery	11
2969526629	paradigm	typical pattern of something; a model	12
2969537857	recidivism	relapse into a previous condition or behavior	13
2969553318	venerable	accorded a great deal of respect especially because of age, wisdom, or character	14
2969563529	conniving	wrong doing, trickery/potting	15
2969568036	subsequent	coming after something in time; following	16
2969569614	gala	social occasion with special entertainments or performances	17
2969577451	chifforobe	a closet- little piece of furniture, combines space for hanging clothes with drawers	18
2969590917	ramshackle	in deplorable condition; poor	19
3245039621	tacit	understood or implied w/o being stated	20
3245041125	iridocyclitis	inflammation of the middle layer of the eye	21
3245043837	monotonous	lack of variety and interest; boring	22
3245047088	vehement	showing strong feeling; forceful; passionate; intense	23
3245052648	haphazard	lacking any principle of organization	24
3245054613	avaricious	having or showing extreme greed for wealth; material gain	25
3245056315	incriminate	make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing; strongly imply the guilt of someone	26
3245063494	perturbed	anxious or unsettled; upset	27
3245065566	reconnaissance	preliminary surveying or research	28
3245067901	austere	severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance	29
3245073656	radically	in a complete or basic manner	30
3245075383	didactic	informative	31
3245075384	placid	pleasantly calm or peaceful	32
3245077410	articulate	having or showing the ability to speak fluently and coherently	33
3245082175	maudlin	overly emotional	34
3245083706	eccentric	oddness; singularity	35
3245085299	profundity	deep insight; great depth of knowledge or though	36
3245088015	totter	move in a feeble or unsteady way	37
3245089507	pedantic	preachy teachy	38
3245089630	prosaic	average	39

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5560656036	Laconic	expressing much in few words	0
5560656037	Intrepid	brave	1
5560656038	Accost	to approach and speak to	2
5560656039	Reticent	silent	3
5560656040	Furtive	secret, stealthy	4
5560656041	Plethora	excess	5
5560656042	Hapless	unfortunate	6
5560656043	Pretext	an excuse	7
5560656044	Adroit	skillful	8
5560656045	Gesticulate	move the arms energetically	9
5560656046	Caustic	sarcastic, biting	10
5560656047	Wrest	take by force	11
5560656048	Infamous	having a bad reputation	12
5560656049	Jostle	to shove hard	13
5560656050	Incipient	just beginning to exist	14
5560656051	Inadvertent	heedless, not attentive	15
5560656052	Ominous	threatening	16
5560656053	Tremulous	quivering	17
5560656054	Repudiate	to reject, decline	18
5560656055	Euphemism	a less offensive term	19

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