| 3584228999 | Annexation | the action of seizing something, especially a territory |  | 0 |
| 3584231580 | Antarctica | the southernmost continent and the site of the South Pole |  | 1 |
| 3584231581 | Apartheid | the state of being apart |  | 2 |
| 3584231917 | Balkanization | the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with each other |  | 3 |
| 3584232284 | Exclusionary border landscape | border designed to keep people out |  | 4 |
| 3584309177 | Inclusionary border landscape | border designed to facilitate trade and movement |  | 5 |
| 3584236187 | Definitional boundary disputes | dispute over boundary |  | 6 |
| 3584237017 | Locational boundary disputes | dispute over location |  | 7 |
| 3584237399 | Operational boundary disputes | boundary that moves according to operations or functions/neighbors differ over the way boundary should function |  | 8 |
| 3584238272 | Allocational boundary disputes | disputes over rights to natural resources |  | 9 |
| 3584238975 | Antecedent boundary origin | a boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area |  | 10 |
| 3584240149 | Subsequent boundary origin | boundary set after the settlements of different groups meet |  | 11 |
| 3584241221 | Superimposed boundary origin | boundary imposed by an outside force such as a treaty |  | 12 |
| 3584241397 | Relic boundary origin | a boundary that no longer exists |  | 13 |
| 3584241679 | Definition boundary process | the phase in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated |  | 14 |
| 3584241680 | Delimitation boundary process | legally establishing the outer limits and drawing of boundaries, particularly of electoral precincts, states, counties, or other municipalities. |  | 15 |
| 3584242205 | Demarcation boundary process | phase in which the boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall, or other means |  | 16 |
| 3584243074 | Natural/physical boundary type | natural boundaries include things such as mountains, rivers, oceans, canyons, etc. |  | 17 |
| 3584243935 | Ethnographic/cultural boundary type | boundaries that mark breaks in the human landscape based on differences in ethnicity |  | 18 |
| 3584244270 | Geometric boundary type | border drawn in a regular, geometric manner, often a straight line, without regard for environmental or cultural patterns |  | 19 |
| 3584244676 | Buffer state | a small neutral state between two rival powers |  | 20 |
| 3584244677 | Capital | principle city in a state or country |  | 21 |
| 3584244678 | Centrifugal | forces that divide a state - internal religious, political, economic, linguistic, or ethnic differences |  | 22 |
| 3584245322 | Centripetal | forces that unify a state - national culture, shared ideological objectives, common faith | | 23 |
| 3584245531 | City-state | a city with political and economic control over the surrounding country side |  | 24 |
| 3584245532 | Colonialism | exploitation by a stronger country of a weaker one |  | 25 |
| 3584245893 | Confederation | a union of political units for common action in relation to other units |  | 26 |
| 3584246322 | Conference of Berlin (1884) | meeting between European nations to create rules on how to peacefully divide Africa among them for colonization |  | 27 |
| 3584246541 | Core/periphery | core containing wealth and industry
periphery containing population and agriculture |  | 28 |
| 3584247680 | Decolonization | the action of changing from colonial to independent status |  | 29 |
| 3584248198 | Devolution | the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration |  | 30 |
| 3584248199 | Domino theory | the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control |  | 31 |
| 3584249192 | Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) | a sea zone prescribed by the UNCLOS over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. |  | 32 |
| 3584249741 | Electoral regions | regions that hold seats in Parliament or Congress |  | 33 |
| 3584249742 | Enclave | a portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct |  | 34 |
| 3584621262 | Exclave | a portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the home territory | | 35 |
| 3584250100 | Ethnic conflict | an armed conflict between ethnic groups |  | 36 |
| 3584250101 | European Union | a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are located in Europe |  | 37 |
| 3584250623 | Federal | an internal organization of state that allocates most powers to units of local government |  | 38 |
| 3584250624 | Forward capital | moving a nation's capital to another area within the state to make a statement or create economic growth |  | 39 |
| 3584251159 | Frontier | a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control; political or geographical areas near or beyond a boundary |  | 40 |
| 3584251160 | Geopolitics | a study of the influence of such factors as geography, economics, and demography on the politics and especially the foreign policy of a state |  | 41 |
| 3584251515 | Gerrymandering | the process of redrawing legislative powers for the purpose of benefiting the party in power |  | 42 |
| 3584252137 | Global commons | the set of natural resources, basic services, public spaces, cultural traditions, and other essentials of life and society that are, or should be, part of a public trust to be enjoyed by all people and cherished for the planet's well-being |  | 43 |
| 3584252138 | Heartland Theory | Halford Mackinder: early 20th c. theory that claimed whichever state controlled the resource-rich "heartland" of Eastern Europe could eventually dominate the world |  | 44 |
| 3587377877 | Rimland Theory | Nicholas Spykman: mid 20th c. theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia (the "rimland") would provide the base for world conquest (not the "heartland") |  | 45 |
| 3584252538 | Immigrant states | state in which has inherited large amount of immigrants |  | 46 |
| 3584252539 | International organization | organization with an international membership, scope, or presence |  | 47 |
| 3584253910 | Iron Curtain | physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991 |  | 48 |
| 3584253911 | Irredentism | the nationalist belief that a territory belonging to another country should be annexed for ethnic or historical reasons |  | 49 |
| 3584253912 | Israel | a Middle Eastern country on the Mediterranean Sea; regarded by Jews, Christians and Muslims as the biblical Holy Land |  | 50 |
| 3587393201 | Palestine | a geographic region in Western Asia between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River |  | 51 |
| 3584253913 | Landlocked | almost or entirely surrounded by land; having no coastline or seaport |  | 52 |
| 3584253914 | Law of the Sea | defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources |  | 53 |
| 3584254350 | Lebanon | country in Western Asia; bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south |  | 54 |
| 3584255971 | Mackinder, Halford J. | founder of the Heartland theory and geopolitics |  | 55 |
| 3584255972 | Manifest Destiny | the belief or doctrine that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand its territory over the whole of North America and to extend and enhance its political, social, and economic influences |  | 56 |
| 3584256415 | Median-line principle | an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places |  | 57 |
| 3584256416 | Microstate/ministate | a sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area |  | 58 |
| 3584256898 | Nation | tightly knit group of people sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes |  | 59 |
| 3584257343 | National iconography | figural representations, either individual or symbolic, religious or secular; more broadly, the art of representation by pictures or images, which may or may not have a symbolic as well as an apparent or superficial meaning |  | 60 |
| 3584258019 | Nation-state | a state whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity |  | 61 |
| 3584260142 | Nunavut | the largest, newest, and northernmost province of Canada; governed solely by the Inuit |  | 62 |
| 3584260918 | Raison d'être | the thing that is most important to someone or something : the reason for which a person or organization exists |  | 63 |
| 3584261325 | Reapportionment | the process of dividing the number of State representatives and senators among the State's population in order to assure, as close as possible, districts of equal size |  | 64 |
| 3584261326 | Regionalism | the theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration or economic, cultural, or political affiliation; the process of dividing something up by regions according to their similarities in specific topics |  | 65 |
| 3584261648 | Religious conflict | conflict based on religious difference |  | 66 |
| 3584261649 | Reunification | a divided country or region that is brought back together |  | 67 |
| 3584262244 | Satellite state | a political term that refers to a country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country |  | 68 |
| 3584262245 | Self-determination | the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government |  | 69 |
| 3584264837 | Shatterbelt | a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals |  | 70 |
| 3584265083 | Sovereignty | a country's independent authority and the right to govern itself |  | 71 |
| 3584265084 | State | politically organized territory administered by a sovereign government, with a permanent population, and recognized by the international community |  | 72 |
| 3584265302 | Stateless ethnic groups | an ethnic group, religious group, linguistic group or other cohesive group which is not the majority population in any nation state |  | 73 |
| 3584267347 | Stateless nation | a nation without a state |  | 74 |
| 3584267348 | Suffrage | the right to vote in political elections |  | 75 |
| 3584267762 | Supranationalism | a venture of three or more states (sometimes two or more) involving formal economic, political, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives |  | 76 |
| 3584267763 | Territorial disputes | a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more territorial entities or over the possession or control of land, usually between a new state and the occupying power |  | 77 |
| 3587841410 | Territorial morphology | study of states' shapes and their effects |  | 78 |
| 3584268203 | Compact territorial morphology | distance from geometric center is similar (e.g., Germany, Hungary) |  | 79 |
| 3584268911 | Fragmented territorial morphology | two or more separate pieces (e.g., Indonesia, Philippines) |  | 80 |
| 3584269286 | Elongated territorial morphology | a.k.a. attenuated (e.g., Chile, Vietnam) |  | 81 |
| 3584269649 | Prorupt territorial morphology | have an area that extends from a more compact core (e.g., Thailand, India) |  | 82 |
| 3584269897 | Perforated territorial morphology | territory completely surrounds that of another state (e.g., Italy, Azerbaijan) |  | 83 |
| 3584269898 | Territoriality | the behavior of animals or people that try to keep others away from an area that they use or control (non verbal communication) |  | 84 |
| 3584270296 | Theocracy | a form of government in which a country is ruled by religious leaders |  | 85 |
| 3584271063 | Treaty ports | any of the ports in China, Japan, or Korea through which trade with foreign countries was permitted by special treaty |  | 86 |
| 3584272508 | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) | an international treaty that provides a regulatory framework for the use of the world's seas and oceans, inter alia, to ensure the conservation and equitable usage of resources and the marine environment and to ensure the protection and preservation of the living resources of the sea; also addresses such other matters as sovereignty, rights of usage in maritime zones, and navigational rights |  | 87 |
| 3584272690 | Unitary | forming a single or uniform entity |  | 88 |
| 3587857625 | Soviet Union (The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: USSR) | the government of Russia and surrounding states |  | 89 |
| 3584272695 | USSR collapse | on 8 December 1991, the presidents of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus (formerly Byelorussia), signed the Belavezha Accords, which declared the Soviet Union dissolved and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place |  | 90 |
| 3584275892 | Women's enfranchisement | the right of voting when given to women |  | 91 |
