| CourseNotes

Segment Addition Postulate Flashcards

1669828033	Collinear	Points that lie on the same line	0
1669828034	Line segment	A section of a line. It has endpoints and does not extend indefinitely	1
1669828035	Ray	Extends indefinitely in one direction and has one endpoint	2
1669828036	point, line, plane	Three undefined terms	3
1669828037	Space	A boundless, three dimensional set of all points	4
1669828038	Coplaner	Points that lie in the same plane	5
1669828039	Intersection	The set of all points that two or more figures share	6
1669828040	Parallel	Lines in the same plane that do not intersect	7
1669828041	Definition of between	If and only if P, Q, and R are collinear, and PQ+QR=PR	8
1669828042	Skew	Lines that do not intersect that are not in the same plane	9
1669828043	Segment	A part of a line that consists of two endpoints and all of the points between them	10
1669828044	Segment Addition Postulate	If Q is between P and R, then PQ+QR=PR. If PQ+QR=PR, then Q is between P and R	11

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Photosynthesis Flashcards

Basic vocabulary on the process of photosynthesis

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1862700958	chlorophyll	pigment that gives a plant its green color and is used by the plant to complete the process of photosynthesis	0
1862700959	oxygen	the gas that a plant releases into the atmosphere as a product of the process of photosynthesis	1
1862700960	carbon dioxide	the gas that a plant takes in to use in the process of photosynthesis	2
1862700961	leaf	the part of the plant where most of the photosynthesis process occurs	3
1862700962	stem	the part of the plant that supports the leaves and transports water through the plant	4
1862700963	solar energy	energy from the sun that is used by plants to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis	5
1862700964	roots	the part of the plant that absorbs water and minerals from the ground and into the plant	6
1862700965	stomata	tiny holes in the leaves of the plant where gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit	7
1862700966	cellulose	a type of sugar that is produced by the plant during photosynthesis; this is the material that makes the plant grow and is also its food	8
1862700967	producer	the name used to describe all plants that produce their own food and are the beginning of a food chain or food web	9

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Photosynthesis Flashcards

Basic vocabulary on the process of photosynthesis

Terms : Hide Images

1862700958	chlorophyll	pigment that gives a plant its green color and is used by the plant to complete the process of photosynthesis	0
1862700959	oxygen	the gas that a plant releases into the atmosphere as a product of the process of photosynthesis	1
1862700960	carbon dioxide	the gas that a plant takes in to use in the process of photosynthesis	2
1862700961	leaf	the part of the plant where most of the photosynthesis process occurs	3
1862700962	stem	the part of the plant that supports the leaves and transports water through the plant	4
1862700963	solar energy	energy from the sun that is used by plants to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis	5
1862700964	roots	the part of the plant that absorbs water and minerals from the ground and into the plant	6
1862700965	stomata	tiny holes in the leaves of the plant where gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit	7
1862700966	cellulose	a type of sugar that is produced by the plant during photosynthesis; this is the material that makes the plant grow and is also its food	8
1862700967	producer	the name used to describe all plants that produce their own food and are the beginning of a food chain or food web	9

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APUSH American Pageant Chapter 19 Flashcards

review video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zq5WGhfBGSc

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3322121854	Harriet Beecher Stowe	(1811-1896) American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher, she was an abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.	0
3322121855	Hinton R. Helper	Individual who tried to convince southern yeoman farmers that slavery actually reduced their standard of living	1
3322121856	John Brown	(1800-1859) anti-slavery advocate who believed that God had called upon him to abolish slavery. May or may not have been mentally unstable. Devoted over 20 years to fighting slavery, due to misunderstanding, in revenge he and his followers (his sons and others) killed five men in the pro slavery settlement of Pottawatomie Creek. Triggered dozens of incidents throughout Kansas some 200 people were killed. Was executed, still debated over whether he is a saint or killer.	2
3322121857	James Buchanan	The 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860.	3
3322122652	Charles Sumner	A leader of the Radical republicans along with Thaddeus Stevens. He was from Massachusetts and was in the senate. His two main goals were breaking the power of wealthy planters and ensuring that freedmen could vote.	4
3322122653	John C. Fremont	an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.	5
3322122654	Dred Scott	A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.	6
3322123522	Roger Taney	Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case. He stated that Scott was not a free man and that his case was unconstitutional.	7
3322123523	John C. Breckenridge	One of the two democratic candidates against Lincoln. The other was Stephen A Douglas. He was nominated by the Southern Democrats. Buchanan's VP.	8
3322123524	Abraham Lincoln	(1809-1865) Sixteenth president of the United States, he promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famed Lincoln- Douglas debates. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War, but he was determined to preserve the Union. He was assassinated in 1865.	9
3322124246	Jefferson Davis	An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865	10
3322124247	John Crittenden	A Senator from Kentucky who made a last effort to save the Union by introducing a bill to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, and he proposed an amendment to the Constitution that would guarantee forever the right to hold slaves in states south of the compromise line.	11
3322124248	self-determination	The right of people to choose their own form of government	12
3322124881	southern nationalism	The idea that the south would develop into its own country. This lead to the Confederate States of America	13
3322124882	Uncle Tom's Cabin	Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 that highly influenced England's view on the American Deep South and slavery. A novel promoting abolition, it intensified sectional conflict.	14
3322124883	The Impending Crisis of the South	A book written by Hinton Helper. Helper hated both slavery and blacks and used this book to try to prove that non-slave owning whites were the ones who suffered the most from slavery. The non-aristocrat from N.C. had to go to the North to find a publisher that would publish his book.	15
3322126221	New England Immigrant Aid Society	Was a transportation company in Boston, Massachusetts, created to transport immigrants to the Kansas Territory to shift the balance of power so that Kansas would enter the United States as a free state rather than a slave state.	16
3322126222	Pottawatomie Creek Massacre	In reaction to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces, John Brown and a band of abolitionist settlers killed five pro-slavery settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas	17
3322127003	Lecompton Constitution	Supported the existence of slavery in the proposed state and protected rights of slaveholders. It was rejected by Kansas, making Kansas an eventual free state.	18
3322127004	"Bleeding Kansas"	A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.	19
3322127587	Dred Scott v. Sanford	Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens	20
3322127588	Panic of 1857	Began with the failure of the Ohio Life Insurance Company and spread to the urban east. The depression affected the industrial east and the wheat belt more than the South.	21
3322128466	Lincoln-Douglas debates	1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported popular sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate.	22
3322128467	Freeport Doctrine	Doctrine developed by Stephen Douglas that said the exclusion of slavery in a territory could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. It was unpopular with Southerners, and thus cost him the election.	23
3322128468	Harpers Ferry raid	Occurred in October of 1859. John Brown of Kansas attempted to create a major revolt among the slaves. He wanted to ride down the river and provide the slaves with arms from the North, but he failed to get the slaves organized. Brown was captured. The effects of this were as such: the South saw the act as one of treason and were encouraged to separate from the North, and Brown became a martyr to the northern abolitionist cause.	24
3322129463	"Beecher's Bibles"	Deadly rifles paid for by New England abolitionists and brought to Kansas by antislavery pioneers.	25
3322129464	Crittenden Compromise	1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans	26
3322140213	Tariff of 1857	created in response to the financial crash of 1857, reduced duties to 20%, northerners angered about low tariff walls, yet another source of north-south tension.	27
3322142249	Freeport question	Abe Lincoln asked Douglas whether the court of the people should decide the future of slavery in the territories.	28
3322143710	Constitutional Union Party	Also known as the "do-nothings" or "Old Gentlemen's" party; 1860 election; it was a middle of the road group that feared for the Union- consisted mostly of Whigs and Know-Nothings, met in Baltimore and nominated John Bell from Tennessee as candidate for presidency-the slogan for this candidate was "The Union, the Constitution, and the Enforcement of the laws."	29
3322143711	Confederate States of America	(1860) A group of eight Southern states that seceded from the Union, beginning with South Carolina, The Confederacy was led by Jefferson Davis; He eventually attacked the federally controlled Fort Sumter on April 12th 1861, marking the first battle of the Civil War. The Confederacy struggled economically during the war, lagging behind the Union's industrialization. This desperately contribute to their defeat.	30
3322146337	Henry Ward Beecher	Theologically liberal American Congregationalist clergyman & reformer, & author. One of his elder sisters was Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin. An advocate of women's suffrage & for temperance, & a foe of slavery, he bought guns to support Bleeding Kansas	31
3322146338	Preston Brooks	A hot tempered Congressman of South Carolina took vengeance in his own hands. He beat Sumner with a cane until he was restrained by other Senators. He later resigned from his position, but was soon reelected.	32
3322147556	Stephen A. Douglas	An Illinois Senator who ran against Lincoln, Bell, and Breckenridge in the 1860 presidential election on a popular sovereignty platform for slavery, He also authored the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise and heightened the slavery debate	33

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Chemistry Chapter 6 The Periodic Table and Periodic Law Flashcards

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2830730672	Atomic Number	The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	0
2830731491	periodic law	the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements	1
2830731492	group	A column on the periodic table	2
2830732309	period	A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table	3
2830733165	representative element	Elements from groups 1, 2, and 13-18	4
2830733794	transition element	Elements in groups 3-12	5
2830733795	metal	Elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current.	6
2830735111	alkali metal	Group 1 elements	7
2830735921	alkaline earth metal	Group 2 elements	8
2830735922	transition metal	Elements in groups 3-12	9
2830736997	inner transition metal	Lanthanides and Actinides	10
2830737006	lanthanide series	the rare-earth elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71; having properties similar to lanthanum.	11
2830739193	actinide series	period seven elements that are radioactive	12
2830739194	nonmetal	elements that are generally gases or brittle dull-looking solids, they are poor conductors of heat and electricity	13
2830739645	halogen	Group 17 elements, highly reactive	14
2830739646	noble gas	Group 18 elements, extremely unreactive	15
2830740360	metalloid	have physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals, silicon is an example	16
2830810805	valence electron	Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom	17
2830824250	ion	an atom or a bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge	18
2830825082	ionization energy	the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom	19
2830825083	octet rule	States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons	20
2830825887	electronegativity	A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons	21

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The American Pagent (chapter 11) Flashcards

The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Democracy, 1800-1812

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1803379991	The "Revolution of 1800" involved a radical transfer of power from the Federalist merchant class to farmers and urban artisans and craftsmen.	False; The "Revolution of 1800" involved a transfer of power from the Federalist merchant class to farmers and urban artisans and craftsmen.	0
1803379992	An unexpected deadlock with Aaron Burr meant that Jefferson had to be elected by the House of Representatives.	True	1
1803379993	Jefferson and his Treasury Secretary, Albert Gallatin, kept in place most of the Federalist financial policies.	True	2
1803379994	The Jefferson Republicans showed their hospitality to the Federalist Supreme Court by trying to impeach Chief Justice John Marshall.	False; The Jefferson Republicans showed their hospitality to the Federalist Supreme Court by trying to impeach Chief Justice Samuel Chase.	3
1803379995	The case of Marbury v. Madison established the principle that the president could appoint but not remove Supreme Court justices.	False; The case of Marbury v. Madison established the principle of the traditional review.	4
1803516066	Jefferson cut the size of the United States Army to twenty-five hundred men because he believed that a large standing army was a threat to liberty and economy.	True	5
1803516067	Jefferson's envoys to Paris initially intended to buy only New Orleans and the immediate vicinity.	True	6
1803516068	Jefferson's deepest doubt about the Louisiana Purchase was that the price of $15 million was too high.	False; Jefferson's deepest doubt about the Louisiana Purchase was that it was unconstitutional to buy the land.	7
1803516069	The Lewis and Clark expedition demonstrated the viability of an overland American route to the Pacific.	True	8
1803516070	Aaron Burr's various conspiracies to break apart the United States demonstrated the fragility of the American government's control of the trans-Appalachian West.	True	9
1803516071	The most explosive issue between Britain and the United States was the British blockade of American shipments to Europe.	True	10
1803516072	After the Chesapeake affair, Jefferson could easily have declared was on Britain with the enthusiastic support of both Federalist and Republicans.	True	11
1803516073	Jefferson's embargo badly hurt southern and western farmers as well as Federalist New England.	True	12
1803516074	New Englanders overcame the effects of the embargo by conducting illegal trade with Canada and developing more domestic manufacturing.	True	13
1803516075	The War of 1812 was promoted largely by New Englanders angry over British violation of American freedom of the seas.	False; The War of 1812 was promoted largely by southerners and westerners (strong war hawks) angry over British violation of American freedom of the seas.	14
1803516076	The most "revolutionary" development in the critical election of 1800 was	the peaceful transition of power from one political party to its opponent.	15
1803516077	One Federalist policy that Jefferson quickly overturned was	the excise tax.	16
1803516078	The case of Marbury v. Madison established the principle that	the Supreme Court has the right to determine the constitutionality of legislation.	17
1803516079	Jefferson was forced to reverse his strong opposition to substantial military forces because of	the plunder and blackmailing of American shipping by North African states.	18
1803516080	Jefferson's greatest concern in purchasing Louisiana was	whether the purchase was permissible under the Constitution.	19
1803516081	The greatest political beneficiary of the Louisiana Purchase was	Thomas Jefferson	20
1803516082	Although greatly weakened after Jefferson's election, the Federalist party's philosophy continued to have great influence through	the Federalist judicial rulings of John Marshall.	21
1803516083	The term "midnight judges" refers to	Federalist judges appointed by President John Adams at the last moments of his administration.	22
1808093990	The republicans' failure to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase established the principle that	impeachment should be used only for "high crimes and misdemeanors" and not as a political weapon.	23
1808093991	Jefferson focused his military construction policy primarily on	building several hundred small gunboats.	24
1808093992	Which of the following was not among the consequences of the Louisiana Purchase?	the weakening of the power of the presidency in foreign affairs.	25
1808093993	Jefferson's Embargo Act provided that	America would prohibit all foreign trade.	26
1808093994	A crucial foreign policy goal for many "war hawks" in the War of 1812 was	the capture and annexation of Canada.	27
1808093995	Besides creating a pan-Indian military alliance against expansion, Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) urged American Indians to	resist white ways and revive their traditional culture.	28
1808093996	Most Indian military resistance east of the Mississippi River was effectively crushed in the two battles of	Tippecanoe and Horseshoe Bend.	29
1808093997	Hamiltonian economic measure repealed by Jefferson and Gallatin	excise tax	30
1808093998	Action Jefferson took toward Republican "martyrs" convicted under the Federalist Sedition Law	pardoned	31
1808093999	Derogatory Republican tern for Federalist judges appointed at the last minute by President Adams	midnight judges	32
1808094000	Precedent-setting Supreme Court case in which Marshall declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional	Marbury v. Madison	33
1808094001	The principle, established by Chief Justice Marshall in a famous case, that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional	Judicial review	34
1808094002	Action voted by the House of Representatives against Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase	impeachment	35
1808094003	Branch of military service that Jefferson considered least threatening to liberty and most necessary to suppressing the Barbary states	navy	36
1808094004	Sugar-rich island where Toussaint L'Ouverture's slave rebellion disrupted Napoleon's dreams of a vast New World empire	Santo Domingo	37
1808094005	Territory beyond Louisiana, along the Columbia River, explored by Lewis and Clark	Oregon Country	38
1808094006	Price paid by the United States for the Louisiana Purchase	$15 million	39
1808094007	American ship fired on by the British in 1807, nearly leading to war between the two countries	Chesapeake	40
1808094008	Jefferson's policy of forbidding the shipment of any goods in or out of the United States	Embargo Act	41
1808094009	Military nationalistic western congressmen eager for hostilities with the Indians, Canadians, and British	war hawks	42
1808094010	Battle in 1811 where General Harrison defeated the Indian forces under Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (the Prophet)	Tippecanoe	43
1808094011	Derisive Federalist name for the War of 1812 that blamed it on the Republican president	Madison's war	44

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Conquest and Survival Flashcards

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126385859	No Man's Land	far western district of OK; opened for settlement in 1889; many wanted the land and were bad about it being opened to all settlers	0
126385860	Five Civilized Tribes	Cherokee, Chickasaws; Chactaws; Creeks and Seminoles; moved to Indian Territory in 1830s, all successful after move	1
126385861	Land Rush of 1889	rush for No Man's Land ; one of events that dispassed IK's Indians land	2
126385862	Curtis Act	passed by Congress in 1889 ; formally dissolved Indian territory and dispossesing five tribes	3
126385863	Cherokee Nation v Georgia	Cherokee challenged removal act and won; ignored by Andrew Jackson	4
126385864	reservation	cleary defined places for Indians to live	5
126385865	Bureau of Indian Affairs	provided guidance for indians	6
126385866	The Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867	assigned reservations in existing territories to many tribes w/ many tribes already there	7
126385867	Lakotas	western Sioux; one of the largest and most adaptive tribes; vision seekers; buffalo huge for them	8
126385868	Sand Creek massacre	all treaties were terminated w/ eastern Colorado tribes; gov encouraged Col Volunteers to stage raids on Cheyenny campgrounds; when Cheyenne men went out to hunt 700 men slaughtered 133 Cheyenne; Black Kettle chief of Cheyenne at the time	9
126385869	Black Kettle	chief of Cheyenne tribe	10
126385870	Bozeman Trail	in Wyoming; Sioux's principle buffalo range; invaded by miners and military fts.	11
126385871	Red Cloud	Red Cloud was a war leader and the head Chief of the Oglala Lakota, his reign was from 1868 to 1909. One of the most capable Native American opponents the United States Army faced, he led a successful conflict in 1866-1868 known as Red Cloud's War over control of the Powder River Country in northwestern Wyoming and southern Montana.	12
126385872	Treaty of Ft Laramie	signed in 1868; created the Great Sious Reservation; granted Sioux right to occupy Black Hills, their sacred land; discovery of gold undermined this	13
126385873	George Armstrong Custer	Colonel; led surviving expedition in Black Hills during summer 1874; said ore could be very easily extracted there	14
126385874	Custer's Land Stand	Custer developed pland to subdue tribes; he rushed army ahead and on June 25, 1876 he and his army were wiped out by Cheyenne and Sioux warriors; gave ammunition to whip up excitement for fight against Indians	15
126385875	Sitting Bull	Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people as a war chief during years of resistance to United States government policies. Born near the Grand River in Dakota Territory, he was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him and prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement.	16
126385876	Crazy Horse	Crazy Horse was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota. He took up arms against the U.S. Federal government to fight against encroachments on the territories and way of life of the Lakota people, including leading a war party at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876. After surrendering to U.S. troops under General Crook in 1877, Crazy Horse was fatally wounded by a military guard while allegedly resisting imprisonment.	17
126385877	Geronimo	Geronimo was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against Mexico and the United States and their expansion into Apache tribal lands for several decades during the Apache Wars. Succesor of Cochise	18
126385878	Red River War	one of bloodiest conflicts; Apaches, Krowas and Comanches v US; U.S. wond b/c stopped supplying food	19
126385879	Nez Perce	regarded themselves as good friends w/ white traders and settlers; lived in plateau where Idaho, Washington and Oregon meet; saved Lewis and Clark from starvation, helped US w/ hostile tribes	20
126385880	Chief Joseph	Nez Perce chief; swore to protect his people; Red Napolean; eloquent; died in 1904 of broken heart on WA res	21
126385881	The Comestock Lode	silver discovered by Henry Comstock along the Carson River in Nevada in 1858; brought thousands from CA; few struck it big	22
126385882	Helldorados	short-lived boomtown's; women outnumber 10 to 1; very few lived w/ family or stayed long; saloon was town center	23
126385883	Caminetti Act	passed bby Congress in 1893; gave the state power to regulate mines	24
126385884	Mormons	fled to present day Utah and fromed independent state called Desenet in 1846/1847; Buchanan sent army to occupy territroy b/c Mormon being independent state; Mormans grew; held property in common; spread to OR, ID, and AZ; threatened when white settlers came around them	25
126385885	US v Reynolds	1879; Ct. ruled against polygamy; granted freedom of belief not practice	26
126385886	Edmunds Act	1882; disftanchised those who believed in or practiced polygamy and threatened them w/ fines and imprisonement	27
126385887	Edmunds-Tucker Act	1887; destroyed power of Morman Church by confiscating all assets over $50,000 and overseeing elections	28
126385888	Sante Fe Ring	group of lawyers, politicians and land speculators stole millions of acres from public domain	29
126385889	Cortina's War	Juan Cortina and 60 followers pillaged white-owned stores and killed four whites for killing Mexicanos	30
126385890	Jesse Chisholm	Jesse Chisholm was an part Cherokee Indian trader, guide, and interpreter. He is chiefly famous for being the namesake to the Chisholm Trail, which ranchers used to drive their cattle to eastern markets. Chisholm had built a number of trading posts in what is now western Oklahoma before the American Civil War.	31
126385891	range wars	1870s; violent conflicts; farmers, cowboys, and sheep grazers battled for land; Mex shepards v white cattlemen; Hayes sent troops to end bloodshed	32
126385892	Homestead Act of 1862	granted 160 acres of public land free to any settler who lived on land and improved it for five years or they could buy it for $1.25 per acre after six months	33
126385893	National Land Company	founded in Chicago in 1869; organized 16 colonies of mainly European immigrants in KS and CO	34
126385894	Morill Act of 1862	land grant colleges acquired space for campuses in return for promising to institute agricultural programs	35
126385895	Hatch Act of 1887	created series of experimental agricultural stations, passed along a lot of knowledge	36
126385896	98th Meridian	a north south line extending thorugh western OK, central KS and NE and eastern DK	37
126385897	Timber Culture ACt	alloted homesteaders an additional 160 acres of land in return for planting and cultivating forty acres of trees; some forests restored, weather and soil didn't improve	38
126385898	National Reclamation Act of 1902	addes 1 millino acres of irrigated land; benefited corporate farmers and diverted water	39
126385899	The Forest Management Act of 1897	set gov on large scale regulatory activities	40
126385900	Yellowstone	in 1872 Congress named _______ first national park	41
126385901	dime novels	first "westers"; sold in 1860s; reflected myths	42
126385902	Buffalo Bill	William Frederick Cody was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the Iowa Territory. He was one of the most colorful figures of the American Old West, and mostly famous for the shows he organized with cowboy themes. Received the Medal of Honor in 1872.	43
126385903	Wild West shows	staged by Joseph McCoy; in St Louis and Chicago; Texas cowboys entertained perspectivve buyers; played up imaginery role in stories; traveled US and Europe; had sharpshooters; staged coach robberies and battles	44
126385904	Helen Hunt Jackson	poet and author of children's books; lobbied former abolitionists to work for Indian rights; wrote against gov policy; threw herself in Indians Rights Association	45
126385905	Indian Rights Association	offshoot of Women's National Indian Associatio; rallied for pub support of assimilation	46
126385906	The Dawes Severalty Act	passed by Congress in 1887; established fed Indian policy; allowed pres to distribute land to individuals severed from tribes; undermined tribal soverignty; religious and sacred ceremonies banned; shamen and medicine men imprisoned; shcools forbade Indian culture	47
126385907	Wovoka	had vision of while ill; in vision creator told him that if Indians learned to love each other they would be granted special place in afterlife	48
126385908	Ghost Dance	given to Wovoka from Creator in vision; Wovoka performed and spread thorugh tribes; feared by settlers and federal officials	49
126385909	Wounded Knee Massacre	Dec 29,1890; troops led Sioux to Wounded Knee; deaf man misunderstood command caused panic; 200 Sioux cut down, dozens of wounded soldiers; soldiers killed many women and children	50
126385910	Long Walk	8,000 Navajo forced on 300 mi walk to a reservation	51
126385911	aquifers	is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well	52
126385912	assimilation	the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another	53
126385913	Battle of Little Bighorn	a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between United States cavalry under Custer and several groups of Native Americans (1876); Custer was pursuing Sioux led by Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (which were supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command	54
126385915	Black Elk	was a famous Wičháša Wakȟáŋ (Medicine Man or Holy Man) of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux). He was Heyoka and a second cousin of Crazy Horse.	55
126385917	Black Hills	After conquering the Cheyenne in 1776, the Lakota took over the territory of the __, which became central to their culture. When European Americans discovered gold there in 1874, as a result of Custer's __ Expedition, erstwhile miners swept into the area in a gold rush; the US government re-assigned the Lakota, against their wishes, to other reservations in western South Dakota. Unlike the rest of the Dakotas, the __were settled by European Americans primarily from population centers to the west and south of the region, as miners flocked there from earlier gold boom locations in Colorado and Montana.	56
126385919	boomers	homesteaders; tired of petitioning invaded No Man's Land	57
126385921	Ulysses S. Grant	Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States; led Reconstruction by signing and enforcing civil rights laws and fighting Ku Klux Klan violence. He helped rebuild the Republican Party in the South, an effort that resulted in the election of African Americans to Congress and state governments for the first time. Despite these civil rights accomplishments, Grant's presidency was marred by economic turmoil and multiple scandals.	58
126385923	Red River War of 1874-75	Uprising of Indian warriors from reservation tribes. After settlement of southwestern tribes on reservations in Oklahoma and Texas (1867), discontented braves broke out repeatedly to raid white travelers and settlers. An attack in 1874 killed 60 Texans. Federal troops under William T. Sherman converged on Indians concentrated in the Red River valley of Texas. Indian resistance forced 14 pitched battles with U.S. troops before the Indians' eventual surrender and return to the reservations.	59
126385925	Frederic Remington	was an American painter, illustrator, sculptor, and writer who specialized in depictions of the Old American West, specifically concentrating on the last quarter of the 19th century American West and images of cowboys, American Indians, and the U.S. Cavalry.	60
126385927	William T. Sherman	was responsible for the U.S. Army conduct in the Indian Wars over the next 15 years, in the western United States	61
126385928	transcontinental railroad	was a railroad line built in the United States of America between 1863 and 1869 by the Central Pacific Railroad of California and the Union Pacific Railroad	62

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Psychology: Themes and Variations Chapter 11 Vocab Flashcards

Human Development Across the Life Span
on pages 416 to 467

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1147575976	Development	The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.	0
1147575977	Zygote	A one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg.	1
1147575978	Prenatal period	A time period between conception and birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy.	2
1147575979	Germinal stage	The first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conception.	3
1147575980	Placenta	A structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother's bloodstream and bodily wastes pass out to the mother.	4
1147575981	Embryonic stage	The second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month.	5
1147575982	Fetal stage	The third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth.	6
1147575983	Age of viability	The age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth.	7
1147575984	Fetal alcohol syndrome	A collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy.	8
1147575985	Motor development	The progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities.	9
1147575986	Cephalocaudal trend	The head-to-foot direction of motor development.	10
1147575987	Proximodistal trend	The center-outward direction of motor development.	11
1147575988	Maturation	Development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint.	12
1147575989	Developmental norms	The median age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.	13
1147575990	Temperament	Characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity.	14
1147575991	Longitudinal design	Investigators observe one group of participants repeatedly over a period of time.	15
1147575992	Cross-sectional design	Investigators compare groups of participants of differing age at a single point in time.	16
1147575993	Attachment	The close, emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers.	17
1147575994	Separation anxiety	Emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment.	18
1147575995	Stage	A developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established.	19
1147575996	Cognitive development	Transitions in youngsters' patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving.	20
1147575997	Assimilation	Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures without changing them.	21
1147575998	Accommodation	Changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences.	22
1147575999	Object permanence	When a child recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible.	23
1147576000	Conservation	Piaget's term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance.	24
1147576001	Centration	The tendency to focus on just one feature of the problem, neglecting other important aspects.	25
1147576002	Irreversibility	The inability to envision reversing an action.	26
1147576003	Egocentrism	In thinking, is characterized by a limited ability to share another person's viewpoint.	27
1147576004	Animism	The belief that all things are living.	28
1147576005	Zone of proximal development (ZPD)	The gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners.	29
1147576006	Scaffolding	When the assistance provided to a child is adjusted as learning progresses.	30
1147576007	Habituation	A gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatedly.	31
1147576008	Dishabitation	A new stimulus elicits an increase in the strength of an habituated response.	32
1147576009	Pubescence	The two-year span preceding puberty during which the changes leading to physical and sexual maturity take place.	33
1147576010	Secondary sex characteristics	Physical features that distinguish one sex from the other but that are not essential for reproduction.	34
1147576011	Puberty	The stage during which sexual functions reach maturity, which marks the beginning of adolescence.	35
1147576012	Primary sex characteristics	The structures necessary for reproduction.	36
1147576013	Menarche	The first occurrence of menstruation.	37
1147576014	Spermarche	The first occurrence of ejaculation.	38
1147576015	Midlife crisis	A difficult, turbulent period of doubts and reappraisal of one's life.	39
1147576016	Family life cycle	A sequence of stages that families tend to progress through.	40
1147576017	Dementia	An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive deficits that include memory impairment.	41
1147576018	Sex	Biologically based categories of female and male.	42
1147576019	Gender	Culturally constructed distinctions between femininity and masculinity.	43
1147576020	Gender stereotypes	Widely held beliefs about females' and males' abilities, personality traits, and social behavior.	44
1147576021	Gender differences	Actual disparities between the sexes in typical behavior or average ability.	45
1147576022	Socialization	The acquisition of the norms and behaviors expected of people in a particular society.	46
1147576023	Gender roles	Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex.	47

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Algebra 1: Substitution Flashcards

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1313072617	y=6x 2x+3y=-5	(-1,-6)	0
1313072618	y=x+9 3x+8y=-5	(-7,-2)	1
1313072619	x=4y+7 2x-6y=12	(3,-1)	2
1313072620	2x-3y=-11 2x+y=9	(2,5)	3
1313072621	2x+y=-2 5x+3y=-8	(2,-6)	4
1313072622	x+5y=4 3x+15y=-1	Undefined	5
1313072623	y=4x x+y=5	(1,4)	6
1313072624	x=-4y 3x+2y=20	(8,-2)	7
1313072625	y=3x+8 5x+2y=5	(-1,5)	8
1313072626	6x+3y=54 2x+y=18	Infinite solution	9
1313072627	y=4x-1 y=2x-5	(-2,-9)	10
1313072628	x-3y=-2 10x+8y=-20	(-2,0)	11
1313072629	y=x+6 y=-2x-3	(-3,3)	12
1313072630	5x-y=-5 3x-6y=24	(2,-6)	13
1313072631	2x-3y=-12 x+y=9	(3,7)	14
1313072632	x-3y=-15 x=-3	(-3,4)	15
1313072633	y=2x-4 6x-3y=12	Infinite solution	16
1313072634	2x+y=-8 3x-5y=-25	(-5,2)	17
1313072635	2x+9y=27 x-3y=-24	(-9,5)	18
1313072636	x-2y=8 8x+6y=42	(6,-1)	19

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Chapter 17. Legal and Illegal Drugs. Flashcards

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984977636	Illegal Drug	Chemical substance that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell.	0
984977637	Drug Misuse	The improper use of medicines.	1
984977638	Drug Abuse	When a drug is intentionally used improperly or unsafely.	2
984977639	Psychoactive Drug	Chemical that affects brain activity.	3
984977640	Drug Antagonism	Occurs when each drug's effect is canceled out or reduced by the other.	4
984977641	Drug Synergism	Occurs when drugs interact to produce effects greater than those that each drug would produce alone.	5
984977642	Depressant	A psychoactive drug that slows brain and body reactions.	6
984977643	Barbiturates	In small doses barbiturates are sedatives- they relax a person. In high doses barbiturates are hypnotics- they induce sleep.	7
984977644	Opiate	Any drug made from psychoactive compounds contained in the seed pods of poppy plants. In small doses they can dull the senses, relieve pain, and induce sleep.	8
984977645	Heroin	An illegal opiate made from morphine in a laboratory.	9
984977646	Stimulant	Drug that speeds up activities of the central system.	10
984977647	Amphetamines	Prescription drugs that are sometimes sold illegally as "speed" or "uppers."	11
984977648	Methamphetamines	A stimulant that is related to amphetamines but is even more powerful.	12
984977649	Cocaine	Powerful but short-acting stimulant. Cocaine abusers sniff the drug into the nose, smoke it, or inject it directly into their bloodstream.	13
984977650	Hallucinogen	Drug that distorts perception, thought, and mood.	14
984977651	Marijuana	The leaves, stems, and flowering tops of the hemp plant.	15
984977652	Club Drugs	Drugs that first gained popularity at dance clubs and raves.	16
984977653	Inhalant	A breathable chemical vapor that produces mind-altering effect.	17

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