| CourseNotes

Out of Many Chapter 2 Test Flashcards

Chapter two test from online version of Out of Many, AP.

1130877674	The English colony at Roanoke:v	mysteriously disappeared within a few years of being established.	0
1130877675	he key to understanding the events that occurred during the generation after 1492 is:	recognizing the transformation Europe experienced in the centuries prior to Columbus's voyage	1
1130877676	One critical development in Europe that shaped overseas expansion was:	the close relationships between the emerging national monarchs and the developing merchant class.	2
1130877677	Portuguese interest in exploring Atlantic trade routes to the Indies was sparked by:	the Ottoman Turks' closing of the lucrative overland silk and spice trade in 1453.	3
1130877678	The military tradition that influenced Spanish attitudes toward expansion was based on the	reconquista	4
1130877679	Regarding expansion, Columbus and the Spanish	were driven by the desire to create an empire.	5
1130877680	According to the journal of Christopher Columbus, the natives he found:	could quickly become Christians because they had no religion of their own.	6
1130877681	During the 1500s	the Spanish empire in America created a society based on African, European, and Indian cultures	7
1130877682	Critical to the success of the Hernán Cortés expeditio	were Indian allies and European disease	8
1130877683	With the significant international exchange that occurred after 1492, the three important crops transplanted to the New World wer	coffee, rice, and sugar	9
1130877684	As a result of explorations of North America in the 1530s and 1540s, Spain	showed little interest in the area for about fifty years	10
1130877685	When France first became interested in establishing colonies in the New World	Spanish policies forced the French to concentrate their efforts on the North Atlantic region	11
1130877686	The early French efforts in America were based on commerce, especially the trade in	animal furs	12
1130877687	An important element in encouraging the English interest in the New World was	economic dislocations throughout England	13
1130877688	In the years from 1492 to 1590	the Spanish, French, and English employed different approaches to establishing colonies in America	14

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Governement - Court Cases to Know Flashcards

A set of 40 important court cases in American Government that appear very often on the AP Government Exam.

Terms : Hide Images

133976269	Marbury v. Madison (1803)	Established Judicial Review; "midnight judges"; John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court.	0
133976270	McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	Established national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause; state unable to tax fed. Institution; John Marshall; "the power to tax the power to destroy."	1
134186259	Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)	Established a broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause; determined Congress' power encompassed virtually every form of commercial activity.	2
134186260	Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)	Established "separate but equal." Gave Supreme Court approval of Jim Crow laws.	3
134186261	Weeks v. U.S. (1914)	Established the "Exclusionary Rule" at the federal level; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.	4
134186262	Schenck v. U.S. (1919)	Clear and present danger test; shouting "fire" in a crowded theater; limits on speech, especially in wartime.	5
134186263	Gitlow v. New York (1925)	Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states); states cannot deny freedom of speech, protected through due process clause of Amendment 14.	6
134186264	Near v. Minnesota (1931)	Held that the 1st Amendment protects newspaper from prior restraint.	7
134186265	Palko v. Connecticut (1937)	Provided test for determining which parts of the Bill of Rights should be federalized, those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist.	8
134186266	Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)	Upheld as constitutional the internment of Americans with Japanese descent during WWII.	9
134186267	Brown v. Board, 1st (1954)	School segregation unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks; overturned "separate but equal"; use of 14th Amendment.	10
134186268	Brown v. Board, 2nd (1955)	Ordered schools to desegregate "with all due and deliberate speed."	11
134186269	Roth v. United States (1957)	Established that "obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press."	12
134186270	Mapp v. Ohio (1961)	Established the "Exclusionary Rule" at the state level; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.	13
134186271	Engel v. Vitale (1962)	Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of the 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendments's due process clause.	14
134186272	Baker v. Carr (1962)	"one man, one vote"; ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; reapportionment.	15
134186273	Abbington v. Schempp (1963)	Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of the 1st Amendment's Establishment Clause and the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause.	16
134186274	Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)	Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings; nationalized the 6th Amendment via the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment.	17
134186275	Wesberry v. Sanders (1963)	Ordered House of Representative legislative districts to be as near in population as possible.	18
134186276	NY Times v. Sullivan (1964)	Requires proof of "malicious intent to harm" in order to prove libel against news organizations.	19
135065601	Griswald v. Connecticut (1965)	Established right of privacy through 4th and 9th Amendments; Connecticut law banning contraceptives; set a precedent for Roe v. Wade.	20
135065602	Miranda v. Arizona (1966)	Established Miranda warnings of counsel and silence; must be given before questioning suspect.	21
135065603	Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)	Established three part test to determine if Establishment Clause is violated: non-secular purpose, advances/inhibits religion, or excessive entanglement with government.	22
135065604	Miller v. California (1973)	Established that community standards be used in determining whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to "prurient interest," being "patently offensive," and lacking in value.	23
135065605	Roe v. Wade (1973)	Established national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines: no state interference in 1st trimester, state may regulate to protect health of mother in 2nd trimester, state may regulate to protect health of unborn child in 3rd trimester; inferred from right to privacy established in Griswald v. Connecticut.	24
135065606	U.S. v. Nixon (1974)	Allowed for executive privilege, but not in criminal cases; "Even the President is not above the law"; Watergate.	25
135065607	Buckley v. Valeo (1976)	1st Amendment protects campaign spending; legislature can limit contributions, but not how much a person spends of his/her own money on their own campaign.	26
135065608	Greg v. Georgia (1976)	Upholds the constitutionality of capital punishment; death penalty does not constitute cruel & unusual punishment; overturned Furman v. Georgia.	27
135065609	U.C. Regents v. Bakke (1978)	Alan Bakke and UC Davis Med School; strict quotas (affirmative action) ruled unconstitutional in this instance, but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE of several factors in admissions decisions.	28
135065610	Texas v. Johnson (1989)	Struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the 1st Amendment =.	29
135065611	Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)	States can regulate abortion, but not with regulations that impose "undue burden" upon women; did not overturn Roe v. Wade, 1973, but gave states more leeway in regulating abortion (e.g., 24 hour waiting period, parental consent for minors).	30
135065612	Shaw v. Reno (1993)	No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts.	31
135065613	U.S. v. Lopez (1995)	Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce.	32
135065614	Clinton v. NY (1998)	Banned presidential use of line item veto.	33
135065615	Bush v. Gore (2000)	Use of 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the election of 2000; example of Supreme Court dealing with a "political question".	34
135065616	Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)	Public money can be used to send disadvantaged children to religious schools in tuition voucher programs.	35
135065617	Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002)	Struck down a federal ban on "virtual" child pornography.	36
135065618	Lawrence v. Texas (2003)	Using right of privacy, struck down Texas law banning sodomy.	37
135065619	Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)	Struck down the University of Michigan's heavy use of "bonus points" for race in undergraduate admissions.	38
135065620	Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)	Allowed the use of race as a general factor in law school admissions at University of Michigan.	39

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Government Final Exam Review Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

2058319642	The Bill of Rights	1st 10 amendments to the constitution.	0
2058319643	Equality, Liberty, Democracy	Three Core Values of American Politics.	1
2058319644	Oligarchy	Ruled by few.	2
2058893405	Authoritarian Government	No limits to power. Total control over every aspect of life. Considered Totalitarian.	3
2058893406	Possess Knowledge	It is important to be a good citizen to possess what?	4
2058893407	Political Efficacy	Belief that you can influence politics. Declines because of: apathy, lack of knowledge, lack of good debate.	5
2058893408	Fallen Sharply	What has happening with trust in government since 1960?	6
2058893409	Autocracy	Ruled by one.	7
2058893410	Articles of Confederation	First Constitution.	8
2058893411	1 unicameral system, each state had 1 vote, 9 out of 13 votes to pass anything	How was power in Congress divided under the Articles?	9
2058893412	New Jersey Plan	Equal representation.	10
2058893413	Virginia Plan	Representation based on population.	11
2058893414	Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)	One house based on representation based on population. On house based on equal representation.	12
2058893415	3/5 Amendment	Decided on representation for slaves. For every 5 slaves they would count for 3 people.	13
2058893416	Electoral College	How we elect the president. 270 votes to become president.	14
2058893417	Separation of Powers	Division of government into three branches with different jobs and duties.	15
2058893418	Checks and Balances	Insures that these branches maintain equal power. Executive Branch has veto power over Legislative. Legislative Branch can override veto and impeach over Executive. Judicial Branch has judicial review over other two. Executive and Legislative nominate and confirm judges on the Judicial Branch.	16
2058893419	Supremacy Clause	All Federal Laws will take precedence over any state laws.	17
2058893420	Judicial Review	Ability of the court to declare laws unconstitutional. Ex. Marbury v. Madison.	18
2058893421	Executive, Legislative, Judicial	Three branches.	19
2058893422	Senate is 6 years, House is 2 years, President is 4 years, Federal Judge is life term	Term of office for each federal office (Senate, House, President and Federal Judge).	20
2058893423	Criminal Law	Laws have been broken. If found guilty, there is a punishment (probation, community service, jail time, fines, death).	21
2058893424	Civil Law	Not criminal. Monetary fine.	22
2058893425	Jurisdiction	Area that the court rules over. Whatever Jurisdiction has the right to hear the case.	23
2058893426	Original Jurisdiction	Court in which the case begins: Federal, District, Supreme.	24
2058893427	House of Representatives	Who has the sole power to introduce a revenue or tax bill?	25
2058893428	Due Process of Law	Every person not to be treated arbitrarily by a government official or agency.	26
2058893429	Jurisdiction in Federal Court	Matters that involve the Constitution or Federal Law.	27
2058893430	Solicitor General	Government Lawyer. Represents U.S. in Supreme Court. Second most powerful person in Judicial Branch behind the Supreme Court. Shapes the flow of cases.	28
2058893431	Writ of Certiorari	Appeal to get case heard in Supreme Court. Nearly all cases that reach the Supreme Court come through this.	29
2058893432	Supreme Court cases with Original Jurisdiction	Cases involving ambassadors. Lawsuits of states. Government entities against government entities.	30
2058893433	Supreme Court	In most cases an appellate court.	31
2058893434	Precedents	Prior cases that sent standards for later cases.	32
2058893435	Significance of Dissenting Opinion	Required to show that the court is divided. Makes a foundation for argument to overturn a law. Shows that the court is in disagreement and could change its rule.	33
2058893436	535 Total, 435 in House, 100 in Senate, Bicameral 2 house system	Size of Congress.	34
2058893437	Delegated Powers by Congress	Most common type of presidential power.	35
2059372664	Expressed Powers	Powers listed in the Constitution.	36
2059372665	Inherent Powers	Powers included with the presidency.	37
2059372666	Filibuster	Attempt by a Senate member to prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously on the floor.	38
2059372667	Majority Leader	Who has the most real power in the Senate?	39
2059372668	Redistricting	Drawing district lines so that each district is equal in population.	40
2059372669	Apportionment	Giving each state the number of representatives they will have. Happens once every 10 years. Happens because of census. Each district contains 700,000 people.	41
2059372670	Sociological Representation	Philosophy of representation. Representative shares similar racial, ethnic, religious, or occupation background with the people he represents.	42
2059372671	Agency Representation	Some who's votes hire to represent their interests.	43
2059372672	Conference Committee	Joint committees made up of both houses that work out differences in two versions of the same deal. Conferees	44
2059372673	Miranda Rule	Right to remain silent. Right to an attorney. 21 Jump Street.	45
2059372674	Common Law	Based on precedents rather than statutes and laws.	46
2059372675	13th Amendment	Ended slavery.	47
2059372676	14th Amendment	Cannot deny someone citizenship due to ethnic race.	48
2059372677	15th Amendment	Cannot deny someone right to vote due to ethnic race.	49
2059372678	Plaintiff in a Civil Case	Brings forth the lawsuit.	50
2059372679	Plaintiff in a Criminal Case	Government brings forth the lawsuit.	51
2059372680	Defendant in a Civil Case	Person whom lawsuit is brought against. Monetary fee.	52
2059372681	Defendant in a Criminal Case	Person whom lawsuit is brought against. Punishment is enforced.	53
2059372682	Speaker of the House	Leader of majority party in the House.	54
2059372683	President's Inherent Powers	Powers president has because he is president.	55
2059372684	Pluralism	Interest groups should be free to compete with each other for government influence.	56
2059372685	Wealthy People	Who do interest groups most effectively serve?	57
2059372686	Marbury v. Madison	Judicial review.	58
2059372687	Bicameral Legislature	Two houses of Congress.	59
2059372688	Interest Groups, Standing Committees of Interest Groups, Agency that regulates this industry	Iron Triangle.	60
2059372689	State Legislatures	Who elects Senators under original Constitution?	61
2059372690	Speak of the House, Majority Leader, Minority Leader	Leaders in the House.	62
2059372691	Speaker of the House	Highest ranking Republican. Equivalent to majority leader on Senate side.	63
2059372692	Vice President, President Por Tempore, Majority Leader, Minority Leader	Leaders in the Senate.	64
2059372693	Majority Leader	Majority party and majority whips.	65
2059372694	Minority Leader	Minority party and minority whips.	66
2059372695	Cloture	Ends a debate. 3/5 vote. 60 votes in the Senate.	67
2059372696	700,000 People	Each house member represents how many people?	68
2059372697	3/5 vote from both houses	Override Presidential Veto.	69
2059372698	Allows Congressmen to specialize in their area of expertise	Why we have standing committees?	70
2059372699	Closed Rule	Limits. No amendments.	71
2059372700	Open Rule	No Limits. Amendments allowed.	72
2059372701	Conference Committees	Joint committees to work out differences in two different versions of the same deal. Normally from the committee that the bill was sent too.	73
2059372702	Expressed Powers	Powers that are specifically listed in the Constitution.	74
2059372703	Legislative	Article 1, Section 8.	75
2059372704	Executive	Article 2.	76
2059372705	Concurrent Powers	Powers that State and Federal Government have.	77
2059372706	Privileges and Immunities	Clause states that each citizen has the same privileges and immunities as every other citizen. Ex. Alaska Pipeline.	78
2059372707	Full Faith and Credit Clause	Every state must recognize other states' laws. Ex. Massachusetts' same sex marriage.	79
2059372708	House is the Grand Jury, Senate conducts the trial, 3/5 votes required	Role of House and Senate in impeachment.	80
2059372709	Pocket Veto	President ignores bill for 10 days before adjournment of Congress in order for the bill to die. Bill becomes law without president's signature if Congress does not adjourn.	81
2059372710	Malicious and false intent must be present	To win a libel suit against the news media and public official must prove what?	82
2059372711	Speech, Assembly, Religion, Petition, Press (written speech)	First Amendment.	83
2059372712	Establishment Clause	Separation of Church and State.	84
2059372713	Freedom of Exercise	Practice of any religion.	85
2059372714	Second Amendment	Right to bear arms.	86
2059372715	Third Amendment	Quartering of troops during peacetime.	87
2059372716	Fourth Amendment	Search and seizure.	88
2059372717	Fifth Amendment	Double jeopardy and Eminent Domain.	89
2059372718	Sixth Amendment	Fair and speedy trail.	90
2059372719	Seventh Amendment	Jury trails for civil cases.	91
2059372720	Eighth Amendment	Cruel and unusual punishment.	92
2059372721	Full Faith and Credit Clause	All states must recognize official acts of other states.	93
2059372722	Elastic Clause	Congress can do anything deemed necessary for the nation.	94
2059372723	Eminent Domain	Ability to acquire land for public good.	95
2059372724	Roe v. Wade	Legalized abortion.	96
2059372725	Gideon v. Wainwright	Right to counsel in court.	97
2059372726	Article I	Legislative Branch is in which article?	98
2059372727	Article II	Executive Branch is in which article?	99
2059372728	Article III	Judicial Branch is in which article?	100
2059372729	Congress	Has power to declare war.	101
2059372730	Vice President, Speaker of the House, President Pro Tempore, Secretary of State	Line of succession of the Presidency.	102
2059372731	President, Vice President, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of State, Attorney General	National Security Council.	103
2059372732	Executive Agreements	Agreements between president and other countries. Carries same weight as treaties. Does not require senatorial confirmation. Does not mean anything once the current president at the time is out of office.	104
2059372733	Hillary Clinton	Which first lady seek and won public office?	105
2059372734	Kitchen Cabinet	Informal group of presidential advisors.	106
2059372735	Office of Management and Budget, Council of Economic Advisers	Part of the Executive Office.	107
2059372736	Referendum	Law that is voted on by the people.	108
2059372737	Midterm Election	National elections that do not include presidential election.	109
2059372738	Tuesday following the first Monday in November	Election date.	110
2059372739	Ways and Means Committee	Taxes, Entitlements, Budget.	111

Powered by Quizlet.com

Chpt 1 Science and Sustainability Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1694491228	Agricultural Revolution	Shift around 10,000 yrs ago from hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agricultural way of line in which people began to grow their own crops and raise domestic animals	0
1694491229	Biodiversity	The variety of life across all levels of biological organization, including the diversity of species, their genes, their populations, and their communities	1
1694491230	Correlation	A relationship among variables	2
1694491231	Cornucopian	A worldview that we will find ways to make Earth's natural resources meet all of our needs indefinitely and that human ingenuity will see us through any difficulty	3
1694491232	Cassandra	A worldview that predicts doom and disaster as a result of our environmental impacts	4
1694491233	Controlled experiment	An experiment in which the effects of all variables are held constant, except the one whose effect is being tested by comparison of treatment and control conditions	5
1694491234	Control	The portion of an experiment in which a variable has been left unmanipulated, to serve as a point of comparison with the treatment	6
1694491235	Data	Information, generally quantitive imformation	7
1694491236	Dependent variable	The variable that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable	8
1694491237	Experiment	An activity designed to test that validity of a hypothesis by manipulating variables	9
1694491238	Environmentalism	A social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world	10
1694491239	Environmental studies	An academic environmental science program that heavily incorporates the social sciences as well as the natural sciences	11
1694491240	Environmental science	The study of how the natural world functions and how humans and the environment interact	12
1694491241	Environment	The sum total of our surroundings, including all of the living things and nonliving things with which we interact	13
1694491242	Ecosystem service	An essential service an ecosystem provides that supports life and makes economic activity possible	14
1694491243	Ecological footprint	The cumulative amount of land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of or recycle the waste that is produced	15
1694491244	Fossil fuel	A nonrenewable natural resource, such as crude oil, natural gas, or coal, produced by the decomposition and compression of organic matter from ancient life	16
1694491245	Hypothesis	A statement that attempts to explain a phenomenon or answer a scientific question	17
1694491246	Industrial Revolution	The shift in the mid 1700s from rural life, animal powered agriculture, and manufacturing craftsmen to an urban society powered by fossil fuels	18
1694491247	Independent variable	The variable that the scientist manipulates in a manipulative experiment	19
1694491248	Interdisciplinary field	A field that borrow techniques from several more traditional field of study and brings together research results from these fields into a broad synthesis	20
1694491249	Manipulative experiment	An experiment in which the researcher actively chooses and manipulates the independent variable	21
1694491250	Millennium Ecosystem Assessment	The most comprehensive scientific assessment of the present condition of the worlds ecological systems and their ability to continue supporting our civilization	22
1694491251	Natural resource	Any of the various substances and energy sources we need in order to survive	23
1694491252	Natural science	An academic discipline that studies the natural world	24
1694491253	Natural experiment	An experiment in which the researcher cannot directly manipulate the variables and therefore must observe nature, comparing conditions in which variables differ, and interpret the results	25
1694491254	Nonrenewable natural resource	A natural resource that is in finite supply and is formed much more slowly than we use it	26
1694491255	Overshoot	The amount by which humanity has surpassed Earth's long-term carrying capacity for our species	27
1694491256	Prediction	A specific statement, generally arising from a hypothesis, that can be tested directly and unequivocally	28
1694491257	Peer review	The process by which a manuscript is submitted for publication in an academic journal is examined by other specialists in the field, who provide comments and criticism and judge whether the work merits publication in the journal	29
1694491258	Paradigm	A dominant philosophical and theoretical framework within a scientific discipline	30
1694491259	Renewable natural resource	A natural resource that is virtually unlimited or that is replenished by the environment over relatively short period of hours to weeks to years	31
1694491260	Science	A systematic process for learning about the world and testing our understanding of it	32
1694491261	Scientific method	A formalized method for testing idea with observations that involve several assumptions and a more or less consistent series of interrelated steps	33
1694491262	Social science	An academic discipline that studies human interactions and institutions	34
1694491263	Sustainablity	A guiding principle of environmental science that requires us to live in such a way as to maintain Earth's systems and its natural resources for the foreseeable future	35
1694491264	Sustainable development	Development that satisfies our current needs without compromising the future availability of natural resources or our future quality of life	36
1694491265	Triple bottom line	An approach to sustainability that attempts to meet environmental, economic, and social goals simultaneously	37
1694491266	Treatment	The portion of an experiment in which a variable has been manipulated in order to test its effect	38
1694491267	Theory	A widely accepted, well-tested explanation of one of more cause-and-effect relationships that has been extensively validated by a great amount of research	39
1694491268	Variable	In an experiment, a condition that can change	40
1694491269	Worldview	A way of looking at the world that reflects a persons beliefs about the meaning, purpose, operation, and essence of the world	41
1694491270	Tragedy of the commons	When publicly accessible resources are open to unregulated exploitation, they inevitably become overused and, as a result, are damaged and depleted	42

Powered by Quizlet.com

Anatomy & Physiology I Flashcards

D'Youville College
Intro. to Anatomy & Physiology

Terms : Hide Images

296375015	Anatomy	Study of the structure of living organisms.	0
296375016	Physiology	Study of the function of living organisms. Branch of biology that deals with the functions, mechanisms, and activities of organisms at the cellular or organ system level.	1
296375017	Palpation	Part of a physical examination where an organ is felt to determine: size, shape, firmness and location.	2
296375018	Auscultation	The act of listening to sounds from an organ that helps with diagnosis and treatment.	3
296375019	Emergent properties	Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ system -> Animal	4
296375020	Holistic	Medical practice that takes on peoples psychological, physical, and social needs as a whole.	5
296375021	Reductionism	...	6
296375022	Internal Environment	The outside of cells inside the body of an organism.	7
296375023	External Environment	The environment outside of an organism which relates to physical, chemical, biological, and social conditions surrounding an organism.	8
296375024	Homeostasis	A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body. Stimulus -> Receptor -> Input (Control Center) Output -> Effector (Response)	9
296375025	Dynamic Equilibrium	Senses that reports on angular (rotatory) acceleration or deceleration of the head in space.	10
296375026	Supine	The position where an individual is laying down while facing up.	11
296375027	Prone	The position where and individual is laying down while facing down.	12
296375028	Anatomical Position	Individual is standing upwards in position facing forward, arms to the side with palms facing forward.	13
296375029	Viscera	Large interior organs in the greater cavities especially in the abdomen.	14
296375030	Gross	Large enough to be visible by the naked eye	15
296379389	Surface	...	16
296379390	Regional	...	17
296379391	Microscopic	...	18
296379392	Histology	...	19
296379393	Systemic	...	20
296379394	Developmental Anatomy	...	21
296379395	Cytology	...	22
296379396	Embryology	...	23
296379397	Cell Physiology	functions and activities of cells as a whole or of any of it's body parts	24
296379398	Exercise Physiology	multidisciplinary discipline including the fields of aging, cell biology, developmental biology, epidemiology, genomics, immunology, molccular biology, clinical medicine, etc.	25
296379399	Systemic Physiology	functions and activies of respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, etc. as a whole or of any of it's body parts.	26
296379400	Respiratory	...	27
296379401	Cardiovascular	...	28
296379402	Urinary	...	29
296379403	Pathology/Pathophysiology	That part of the science of disease concerned with disordered function, as distinguished from anatomical lesions.	30
296379404	Atoms	The smallest unit of matter indivisible by chemical means.	31
296379405	Tissues	a functional grouping of cells	32
296379406	Molecules	group of atoms	33
296379407	Organelles	functional grouping of biomolecules; biochemical reactions and interactions	34
296379408	Organs	a functional grouping of tissues	35
296379409	Cells	the basic unit of all life and the grouping of organelles	36
296379410	Organ Systems	a functional grouping of organs	37
296379411	Organism	the basic living system, a functional grouping of the lower-level components, including at least one cell	38
296379412	Integumentary	...	39
296379413	Skeletal	...	40
296379414	Muscular	...	41
296379415	Nervous	...	42
296379416	Endocrine	...	43
296379417	Cardiovascular	...	44
296379418	Lymphatic	...	45
296379419	Respiratory	...	46
296379420	Digestive	...	47
296379421	Urinary	...	48
296379422	Reproductive	...	49
296379423	How are structure and function related?	...	50
296379424	Example of Hemostasis	Homeostasis is when a negative or positive feedback mechanism happens and the body will either send signals to regulate back to normalcy or create most responses (for example giving birth and contractions) till body is back to normalcy.	51
296379425	Autoregulation	...	52
296379426	Extrinsic Regulation	...	53
296379427	Example of Autoregulation	...	54
296379428	Example of Extrinsic Regulation	...	55
296379429	Effector	Receives information from control center to regulate body back to homeostatic state.	56
296379430	Afferent Pathway	Pathway of receptor to control center	57
296379431	Efferent Pathway	Pathway of control center to effector	58
296379432	Receptors	Notices change (from stimulus) and sends a signal to the control center to create a response to put body back into homeostatic state	59
296379433	Response	Is what the effector does to put the body back into the homeostatic state	60
296379434	Stimulus	A sudden change in the body that creates a reaction for the receptor	61
296379435	Positive Feedback	Positive feedback means a continuous change and body will never go back to the original state Example: Giving birth. Mother keeps receiving contractions until the baby is born. There is no balance of anything out of anything.	62
296379436	Negative Feedback	Negative feedback means a change in the body that is opposite of what the body was originally in. Example: Body should stay at normal body temperature. When it gets too cold you will shiver to heat up the body back to its normal temperature. When it gets too hot you will sweat to lower the body temperature.	63
296379437	Superior	Toward the head end or upper part of the structure or the body; above	64
296379438	Inferior	Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the structure of the body; below	65
296379439	Ventral	Toward or at the front of the body; in front of	66
296379440	Dorsal	Toward or at the back of the body; behind	67
296379441	Medial	Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of	68
296379442	Lateral	Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of	69
296379443	Intermediate	Between a more medial and a more lateral structure	70
296379444	Proximal	Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk	71
296379445	Distal	Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk	72
296379446	Superficial	Toward or at the body surface	73
296379447	Deep	Away from the body surface; more internal	74
296379448	Contralateral	Related to the opposite side	75
296379449	Ipsilateral	Situated on the same side	76
296379450	Cephalic	Pertaining to the head.	77
296379451	Caudal	Pertaining to the tail.	78
296379452	Axial	Makes up the main axis of our body including, the head neck, and trunk	79
296379453	Appendicular	Consist of the appendages or limbs	80
296379454	Sagittal Plane	Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts	81
296379455	Midsagittal Plane	Exactly in the middle is the midsagittal plane that divides the body exactly in half	82
296379456	Parasagittal Plane	Offset from the middle of the plane	83
296379457	Frontal (Coronal) Plane	Divides the body into anterior and posterior.	84
296379458	Transverse Plane	Also known as horizontal plane horizontally from right to left dividing the body into superior and inferior.	85
296379459	Dorsal Cavity	back part of the body; two subdivisions are cranial and spinal	86
296379460	Cranial	part of the dorsal cavity containing the brain	87
296379461	Vertebral (spinal)	part of the dorsal cavity containing the spinal cord	88
296379462	Ventral	front part of the body; two subdivisions are thoracic and abdominopelvic	89
296379463	Thoracic Cavity	chest cavity that includes left and right pleural cavities and midportion called the mediastinum	90
296379464	Pleural Cavity	left and right sides of the thoracic (chest) cavity; contain the lungs	91
296379465	Mediastinum	middle portion of the thoracic (chest) cavity that contains the heart, trachea, etc.	92
296379466	Pericardial Cavity	contains the heart, and other thoracic organs (esophagus, trachea, and others.)	93
296379467	Abdominopelvic Cavity	made of an upper part called the abdominal cavity and a lower called the pelvic cavity	94
296379468	Abdominal Cavity	from the diaphragm to the rim of the pelvic bones	95
296379469	Pelvic Cavity	from the pelvic rim to the floor of the trunk	96
296960494	Maintaining Boundaries	Internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding itself.	97
296960495	Movement	activities promoting the body to use energy (muscle movement, digestion, building new cells, etc.)	98
296960496	Responsiveness	Ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them.	99
296960497	Digestion	Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs to substances that can be absorbed.	100
296960498	Metabolism	Sum total of the chemical reactions occurring in the body cells.	101
296960499	Excretion	Elimination of waste products from the body.	102
296960500	Reproduction	Occurs at cellular and organismal level. Cell reproduction and reproduction of a human organism.	103
296960501	Growth	an increase in size of a body part or organism.	104
297562780	Levels of Organization starting with an Atom	Atoms → Molecules → Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism	105

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Biology Chapter 52-53 Flashcards

Credit to "AP Edition Biology, Eighth Edition, Campbell, Reece"

Terms : Hide Images

2762541163	Bodies of water, mountains, and the angle of the sun all affect the _____?	Climate	0
2762548169	Most _____ are named for major physical/climatic features and their predominant vegetation.	Terrestrial Biomes	1
2762553549	A(n) ____ is a life zone characterized by physical appearance.	Aquatic Biome	2
2762556905	_____ factors are living factors that affect the life of it and the life around it (A species decreases, its predators decrease as well).	Biotic	3
2762558005	_____ factors are nonliving factors that affect a species distribution. (water, temperature, salinity, sunlight)	Abiotic	4
2762571001	Patterns on global, regional, and local scales are _____.	Macroclimates	5
2762574585	Very fine patterns are called ____(climate found in a carcass of a large animal)	Microclimates	6
2762580919	A _____ is a group of organisms of a single species living in the same general area.	Population	7
2762609584	The number or individuals per unit area or volume is ____.	Density	8
2762612877	The study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time is ____.	Demography	9
2762613760	____The defense of a bounded physical space.	Territoriality	10
2762617273	_____ is reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event.	Semelparity	11
2762620607	____ is repeated reproduction.	Iteroparity	12
2762622022	A birth or death rate that does not change with population density is said to be _____.	Density Independent.	13
2762623345	A death rate that rises as population rises, or a birth rate that falls as density rises, is _____.	Density Dependent.	14
2762626735	____ is when a number of populations are linked and influence each others immigration and emigration.	Metapopulation	15
2762647573	Populations increase from births and immigration, and decrease with death and emigration. This is called_____.	Demographics	16
2762649102	Populations can be clumped, uniform, or random. This is called ____.	Dispersion	17
2762660329	The _____ concept summarizes the aggregate land and water area required by each person, city, or nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates.	Ecological Footprint	18
2762662005	The study of ____ focuses on the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the size of populations.	Population Dynamics.	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

The Endocrine System Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

2809594046	Arnold Adolph Berthold	A German physiologist and zoologist. He is known as a pioneer in endocrinology due to his experiments on the role of the gonads in the development of secondary sexual characteristics. (1803 - 1861)	0
2809598180	Metabolism	The endocrine system regulates this	1
2809599359	Body defenses	The endocrine system mobilizes this	2
2809599855	Homeostasis	An equilibrium the endocrine system achieves	3
2809603752	Extracellular fluids	Cells secrete hormones into this substance	4
2809605376	Hormone	A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action	5
2809606227	Blood	Transfers hormones to target sites	6
2809607655	Protein	A hormone made out of amino-acids that starts with Pr	7
2809608351	Peptide	A hormone made out of amino-acids that starts with Pe	8
2809611002	Amines	A hormone made out of amino-acids that starts with A	9
2809613224	Steroid	A hormone made out of cholesterol	10
2809613840	Prostaglandins	A hormone-like substance made from highly active lipids	11
2809617618	Specific	Hormones are made to affect ______ cells and tissues	12
2809619292	Protein	Target cells must have specified receptors made out of this to receive a hormone	13
2809620577	Synthesized	The effect of hormones causes proteins to be	14
2809623618	Permeability	Hormones causes a changes this in the cells along with its electrical state	15
2809626470	Enzymes	Hormones inactivate or activate	16
2809627317	Hormones	Endocrine glands are activated by other	17

Powered by Quizlet.com

Fouberg, Murphy, & de Blij "Human Geography People, Place and Culture" Midterm Vocabulary Study Set for AP (Chapters 1-6) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

2015012351	Inquiry Method	A system in which students solve problems or answer questions by forming tentative hypotheses then collecting and analyzing data to provide evidence for or against their hypotheses	0
2035048799	Geographic Questions	The "why of where" and "so what?"	1
2035048800	The Four Traditions in Geography	Spatial Tradition -Mapping -Boundaries -Areal Distribution Regional tradition -World Regional geography -International trends and relationships -How regions are different from one another Human-Environment Tradition -Human impact on nature -Natural hazards -Environmentalism Earth Science Tradition -Physical geography -Offshoots are geology, mineralogy, paleontology, glaciology, geomorphology, and meteorology	2
2035048801	The Five Themes of Geography	Location: Position on the Earth's Surface (Absolute/Relative). Place: Physical and Human Characteristics. Human/Environment Interactions: Shaping the Landscape. Movement: Humans Interacting on the Earth. Regions: How They Form and Change.	3
2035048802	Site	The physical character of a place	4
2035048803	Situation	The location of a place relative to other places	5
2035048804	Spatial Interaction	Depends on the distances between places. Both Complementarity and Intervening Opportunity.	6
2035048805	Time-Space Convergence	The idea that distance between some places is actually shrinking as technology enables more rapid communication and increased interaction between those places.	7
2035048806	Intervening Obstacles and Opportunities	When people migrate they will happen upon things that slow their migration down and cause problems. These same obstacles may become opportunities for a new life and employment, leading to the people staying	8
2035048807	Expansion Diffusion	The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area	9
2035048808	Stimulus Diffusion	underlying principle of a characteristic spreads although characteristic failed.	10
2035048809	Hierarchical Diffusion	Spread from a person of authority to other persons and places.	11
2035048810	Contagious Diffusion	the rapid widespread diffusion throughout a population.	12
2035048811	Relocation Diffusion	Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate the new ones	13
2035048812	Place	A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular location	14
2035048813	Sense of Place	State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character	15
2035048814	Mental Maps	Image of picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space.	16
2035048815	Toponyms	Official name of a place	17
2035048817	Map Scales	The scale geographers use to analyze the different levels of the map. i.e. local, regional, global	18
2035048818	Pattern	The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a sturdy area.	19
2035048819	Distribution	Arrangement of features in space; three main properties: density, concentration, pattern	20
2035048820	Concentration	The extent of a feature's spread over space; not same as density. Can have same density but completely different this	21
2035048823	Elements of a Map	Data Frame. The data frame is the portion of the map that displays the data layers. Legend. The legend serves as the decoder for the symbology in the data frame. Title. The title is important because it instantly gives the viewer a succinct description of the subject matter of the map. North Arrow.	22
2035048825	Types of Maps	Climate maps Physical maps Political maps Road maps Topographic maps Economic or Resource maps	23
2035048826	Map Interpretations	How the geographer interprets the map	24
2035048827	Networks	Network the areal pattern of sets of places and the routes (links) connecting them along which movement can take place.	25
2035048828	Linkages	A culturally shared trait that gives an ethnic or cultural group a strengthened sense of awareness and self-identity	26
2035048829	Interdependence	Theory developed by economist Harold Hotelling that suggests competitors, in trying to maximize sales, will seek to constrain each other's territory as much as possible which will therefore lead them to locate adjacent to one another in the middle of their collective customer base.	27
2035048830	Regionalization	An organization of earth's surface into distinct areas that are viewed different from other areas.	28
2035048831	Formal Region	a type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; also called uniform region of homogeneous region.	29
2035048832	Functional Region	a region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it	30
2035048833	Vernacular Region	a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity	31
2035048834	Functional Distance	An architectural layouts tendency to encourage or inhibit certain activities, such as contact between people	32
2035048835	Distance-Decay	The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.	33
2035048836	Friction of Distance	the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance	34
2035048837	Globalization	growth to a global or worldwide scale	35
2035048839	Arithmetic Density	The total number of people divided by the total land area.	36
2035048840	Agricultural Density	The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land	37
2035048851	Physiological Density	The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.	38
2035048841	Ecumene	The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.	39
2035048846	Overpopulation	relationship between the number of people on Earth, and the availability of resources	40
2035048848	Population Pyramids	A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex	41
2035048850	Dependency Ratio	The ratio of the number of people who are either too old or young to provide for themselves to the number of people who must support them.	42
2055494733	Demographic equation	NIR = CBR - CDR	43
2055494734	Doubling Time	Time period required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size completely.	44
2055494735	Malthus	British economist of late 1700's. considered the first to predict a population crisis.	45
2055494736	DTM	Stage 1=Low growth, Stage 2=High Growth, Stage 3=Moderate Growth, and Stage 4=Low Growth. A country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.	46
2055494737	Life Expectancy	indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live.	47
2055494738	Epidemiological Transition	Stage 1=Black Plague, Stage 2=Cholera, Stage 3=Chronic disorders, 4=Longer life expectancies. There is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model.	48
2055494739	Census	a period count of the population	49
2055494740	Anti-Natalist Policies	Policies designed to slow the birth rate. This in encouraged through potential benefits if followed, or potential punishments if not. i.e. China's one child law	50
2055494741	Pro-Natalist Policies	Policies that encourage women to have children. Again encouraged by rewards. Seen in Russia as Putin gives women bonuses at work for having children	51
2055494742	ZPG (Zero Population Growth)	When the population is no longer at a level where it is growing. This is also known as replacement level.	52
2055494743	Migration	A permanent move to a new location	53
2055494744	Immigration	The migration to a new location	54
2055494745	Emigration	The migration from a location	55
2055494746	Cultural push and pulls	Things in the culture of a location that either pushes you or pulls you to another location. You culture could require you to migrate away. Another foreign culture may look appealing and pull you to it.	56
2055494747	Economic push and pulls	When the economy is one place is bad it will push you away. When the economy in another location is good it will pull you towards it.	57
2055494748	Environmental push and pulls	If the environment around you is suffering from a natural or human caused problem you will pushed from it in order to find a more suitable home. The sun belt in the south U.S. is often seen as an appealing environment. This is because of the nice climate and the beaches	58
2055494749	Gravity model	Interaction is proportional to the multiplication of the two populations divided by the distance between them (distance decay).	59
2055494750	Chain Migration	the social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow one another to a different city\	60
2055494751	Step Migration	migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages. For example, from farm to nearby village to town to city	61
2055494752	Wilbur Zelinsky	a cultural geographer (1921) who studied American popular culture, including the patterns of migration in accordance to social and economical changes and the motives and distance for migration (also studying the spatial patterning of classical space-names, personally given names, and religious denominations, or values/amounts)	62
2055494753	Refugees	people who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country	63
2055494754	Partition of India	The process of dividing India into what it is today. Happened after India gained its freedom from Britain	64
2055494755	Internal migration	human movement within a nation-state	65
2055494756	Place Perception	Belief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures.	66
2055494757	Transhumance	A pattern of regular seasonal movement by human groups. It can be seen as a form of pastoralism or nomadism livestock is moved seasonally between one area of pasture and another	67
2055494758	Guest Workers	legal immigrant who has work visa, usually short term	68
2055494759	Life course	approach developed in 1960's , analyzes people that live within structural cultural context.	69
2055494760	Role of population increase on health of an ecosystem	In all cases, an increasing population leads to the death of many ecosystems in the world. The more people, the more pollution, the more death in the environment.	70
2055494761	The difference between a natural hazard and a natural disaster	A natural hazard is something that is persistent and causes danger to those around it, but has no lasting impact on the environment A natural disaster (i.e. volcano) is something that causes death and destruction to everything around it. This can force many away from their homes and destroy an ecosystem.	71
2055494762	Relationship between population distribution and natural disasters	In most cases, when a natural disaster occurs the people will take as much as they can and migrate to another location. Sometimes people go back home and try to rebuild. People will still live in areas that known for disasters on a grand scale, accepting the fact that they are taking a risk.	72

Powered by Quizlet.com

Writing Terms (PAGE 365) Flashcards

Argumentation, Arrangement, Balance, Body, Brainstorming, Clincher sentence, Coherence, Composition, Data, Deductive reasoning, Details, Emphasis, Essay, Exposition, Extended definition, Figurative language, Focus, Form, Freewriting, Generalization, Grammar, Idiom, Inductive Reasoning, Inverted sentence, Issue, Journal, Justaposition, Limiting the subject, Loaded words, Logic, Modifier, Narration, Objective, Observation, Personal narrative, Persausion, Poetic license, Point of View, Process, Prose, Purpose, Revision, Spontananeous, Subjective, Syntac, Theme, Thesis, Topic, Topic sentence, Transitions, Unity, Universal, Usage, Vivid details.

Terms : Hide Images

1879343301	Argumentation	Writing or speaking in which reasons or arguments are presented in a logical way.	0
1879343302	Arrangement	The order in which details are placed or arranged in a piece of writing.	1
1879343303	Audience	Those people who read or hear what you have written.	2
1908086553	Balance	The arranging of words of phrases so that two ideas are given equal emphasis in a sentence or paragraph in a sentence or paragraph; a pleasing rhythm created when a pattern is repeated in a sentence.	3
1908086554	Body	The paragraphs between the introduction and conclusion which develop the main idea(s) of the writing.	4
1908086555	Brainstorming	Collecting ideas by thinking freely and openly about all the possibilities; used most often with groups.	5
1908086556	Central idea	The main point or purpose of a piece of writing, often stated in a thesis statement or topic sentence.	6
1908154741	Clincher Sentence	The sentence which summarizes the point being made in a paragraph, usually located last.	7
1908154742	Coherence	The arrangement of ideas in such a way that the reader can easily follow from one point to the next.	8
1908154743	Composition	A process in which several different ideas are combined into one, unified piece of writing.	9
1908154744	Data	Information which is accepted as being true - facts, figures, examples - and from which conclusions can be drawn.	10
1908154745	Deductive Reasoning	The act of reasoning from a general idea to a specific point or conclusion.	11
1908154746	Description	Writing which paints a colorful pictures of a person, place, thing, or idea using concrete, vivid details.	12
1908154747	Details	The words used to describe a person, convince an audience, explains a process, or in some way support the central idea; to be effective, _____ should be vivid, colorful, and appeal to the senses.	13
1908154748	Emphasis	Placing greater stress on the most important idea in a piece of writing by giving it special treatment; ______ can be achieved by placing the important idea in a special position, by repeating a key word or phrase, or by simply writing more about this idea than the others.	14
1908154749	Essay	A piece of prose writing in which ideas on a single topic are presented, explained, argued, or described in an interesting way.	15
1908154750	Exposition	Writing which explains.	16
1908154751	Extended Definition	Writing which goes beyond a simple definition of a term in order to stress a point; it can cover several paragraphs and include personal definitions and experiences, similes and metaphors, quotations and even verse.	17
1908154752	Figurative Language	Language which goes beyond the normal meaning of the of the words used; writing in which ____ is used to heighten or color the meaning.	18
1908154753	Focus	Concentrating on a specific subject to give it emphasis or clarity.	19
1908154754	Form	The arrangement of the details into a pattern or style; the way in which the content of writing is organized.	20
1908154755	Freewriting	Writing openly and freely on any topic; focused _____ is writing openly on a specific topic.	21
1908154756	Generalization	An idea or statement which emphasizes the general characteristics rather than the specific details of a subject.	22
1908154757	Grammar	_____ is the study of the structure and features of a language; it usually consists of rules and standards which are to be followed to produce acceptable writing and speaking.	23
1908154758	Idiom	A phrase or expression which means something different from what the words actually say. An ____ is usually understandable to a particular group of people. (Example: over his head for didn't understand.)	24
1908154759	Inductive Reasoning	Reasoning which leads to a conclusion or generalization after examining specific examples or facts; drawing generalizations from specific evidence.	25
1908154760	Inverted Sentence	A sentence in which the normal word order is inverted or switched; usually the verb comes before the subject.	26
1908154761	Issue	A point or question to be decided.	27
1908154762	Journal	A daily record of thoughts, impressions, and autobiographical information; a ____ is often a source of ideas for writing.	28
1908154763	Juxtaposition	A placing two ideas(words or pictures) side by side so that their closeness creates a new often iron, meaning.	29
1908154764	Limiting the Subject	Narrowing the subject to a specific topic which is suitable for the writing or speaking task.	30
1908154765	Literal	The actual or dictionary meaning of a word; language which means exactly what it appears to mean.	31
1908154766	Loaded Words	Words which are slanted for or against the subject.	32
1908154767	Logic	The science of correct reasoning; correctly using facts, examples, and reasons the support your point.	33
1908283992	Modifier	A word, phrase, or clause which limits or describes another word or group of words.	34
1908283993	Narration	Writing which tells a story or recounts an event.	35
1908283994	Objective	Relating information in an impersonal manner, without feelings or opinions.	36
1908313700	Observation	Paying close attention to people, places, things, and events to collect details for later use.	37
1908313701	Overview	A general idea of what is to be covered in a piece of writing.	38
1908313702	Personal Narrative	Personal writing which covers an event in the writer's life; it often contains personal comments and observations as well as a description of the event.	39
1908313703	Persuasion	Writing which is meant to change the way the reader thinks or acts.	40
1908313704	Poetic License	The freedom a writer has to bend the rules of writing to achieve a certain effect.	41
1908313705	Premise	A statement or point which serves as the basis of a discussion or debate.	42
1908313706	Process	A method of doing something which involves several steps or stages the writing process involves pre-writing, composing, revising, and proofreading.	43
1908313707	Prose	In the usual or ordinary form; ___ becomes poetry when it takes on rhyme and rhythm.	44
1908338075	Purpose	The specific reason a person has for writing; the goal of writing.	45
1908338076	Revision	Changing a piece of writing to improve it in style or content.	46
1908338077	Spontaneous	Doing, thinking, or writing without planning.	47
1908338078	Subjective	Thinking or writing which includes personal feelings, attitude, and opinions.	48
1908338079	Syntax	The order and relationship of words in a sentence.	49
1908338080	Theme	The central idea in a piece of writing (lengthy writings may have several ____); a term used to describe a short essay.	50
1908338081	Thesis Statement	A statement of the purpose, intent, or main idea of an essay.	51
1908338082	Topic	The specific subject of a piece of writing.	52
1908338083	Topic Sentence	The sentence which contains the main idea of a paragraph.	53
1908338084	Transitions	Words or phrases which help tie ideas together.	54
1908338085	Unity	A sense of oneness; writing in which each sentence helps to develop the main idea.	55
1908338086	Universal	A topic or idea which applies to everyone.	56
1908338087	Usage	The way in which people use language; language is generally considered to be standard (formal and informal) or nonstandard. Only standard ____ is acceptable in writing.	57
1908338088	Vivid Details	Details which appeal to the senses and help the reader see, feel, smell, taste, and hear the subject.	58

Powered by Quizlet.com

Writing Terms (PAGE 365) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1879343301	Argumentation	Writing or speaking in which reasons or arguments are presented in a logical way.	0
1879343302	Arrangement	The order in which details are placed or arranged in a piece of writing.	1
1879343303	Audience	Those people who read or hear what you have written.	2
1908086553	Balance	The arranging of words of phrases so that two ideas are given equal emphasis in a sentence or paragraph in a sentence or paragraph; a pleasing rhythm created when a pattern is repeated in a sentence.	3
1908086554	Body	The paragraphs between the introduction and conclusion which develop the main idea(s) of the writing.	4
1908086555	Brainstorming	Collecting ideas by thinking freely and openly about all the possibilities; used most often with groups.	5
1908086556	Central idea	The main point or purpose of a piece of writing, often stated in a thesis statement or topic sentence.	6
1908154741	Clincher Sentence	The sentence which summarizes the point being made in a paragraph, usually located last.	7
1908154742	Coherence	The arrangement of ideas in such a way that the reader can easily follow from one point to the next.	8
1908154743	Composition	A process in which several different ideas are combined into one, unified piece of writing.	9
1908154744	Data	Information which is accepted as being true - facts, figures, examples - and from which conclusions can be drawn.	10
1908154745	Deductive Reasoning	The act of reasoning from a general idea to a specific point or conclusion.	11
1908154746	Description	Writing which paints a colorful pictures of a person, place, thing, or idea using concrete, vivid details.	12
1908154747	Details	The words used to describe a person, convince an audience, explains a process, or in some way support the central idea; to be effective, _____ should be vivid, colorful, and appeal to the senses.	13
1908154748	Emphasis	Placing greater stress on the most important idea in a piece of writing by giving it special treatment; ______ can be achieved by placing the important idea in a special position, by repeating a key word or phrase, or by simply writing more about this idea than the others.	14
1908154749	Essay	A piece of prose writing in which ideas on a single topic are presented, explained, argued, or described in an interesting way.	15
1908154750	Exposition	Writing which explains.	16
1908154751	Extended Definition	Writing which goes beyond a simple definition of a term in order to stress a point; it can cover several paragraphs and include personal definitions and experiences, similes and metaphors, quotations and even verse.	17
1908154752	Figurative Language	Language which goes beyond the normal meaning of the of the words used; writing in which ____ is used to heighten or color the meaning.	18
1908154753	Focus	Concentrating on a specific subject to give it emphasis or clarity.	19
1908154754	Form	The arrangement of the details into a pattern or style; the way in which the content of writing is organized.	20
1908154755	Freewriting	Writing openly and freely on any topic; focused _____ is writing openly on a specific topic.	21
1908154756	Generalization	An idea or statement which emphasizes the general characteristics rather than the specific details of a subject.	22
1908154757	Grammar	_____ is the study of the structure and features of a language; it usually consists of rules and standards which are to be followed to produce acceptable writing and speaking.	23
1908154758	Idiom	A phrase or expression which means something different from what the words actually say. An ____ is usually understandable to a particular group of people. (Example: over his head for didn't understand.)	24
1908154759	Inductive Reasoning	Reasoning which leads to a conclusion or generalization after examining specific examples or facts; drawing generalizations from specific evidence.	25
1908154760	Inverted Sentence	A sentence in which the normal word order is inverted or switched; usually the verb comes before the subject.	26
1908154761	Issue	A point or question to be decided.	27
1908154762	Journal	A daily record of thoughts, impressions, and autobiographical information; a ____ is often a source of ideas for writing.	28
1908154763	Juxtaposition	A placing two ideas(words or pictures) side by side so that their closeness creates a new often iron, meaning.	29
1908154764	Limiting the Subject	Narrowing the subject to a specific topic which is suitable for the writing or speaking task.	30
1908154765	Literal	The actual or dictionary meaning of a word; language which means exactly what it appears to mean.	31
1908154766	Loaded Words	Words which are slanted for or against the subject.	32
1908154767	Logic	The science of correct reasoning; correctly using facts, examples, and reasons the support your point.	33
1908283992	Modifier	A word, phrase, or clause which limits or describes another word or group of words.	34
1908283993	Narration	Writing which tells a story or recounts an event.	35
1908283994	Objective	Relating information in an impersonal manner, without feelings or opinions.	36
1908313700	Observation	Paying close attention to people, places, things, and events to collect details for later use.	37
1908313701	Overview	A general idea of what is to be covered in a piece of writing.	38
1908313702	Personal Narrative	Personal writing which covers an event in the writer's life; it often contains personal comments and observations as well as a description of the event.	39
1908313703	Persuasion	Writing which is meant to change the way the reader thinks or acts.	40
1908313704	Poetic License	The freedom a writer has to bend the rules of writing to achieve a certain effect.	41
1908313705	Premise	A statement or point which serves as the basis of a discussion or debate.	42
1908313706	Process	A method of doing something which involves several steps or stages the writing process involves pre-writing, composing, revising, and proofreading.	43
1908313707	Prose	In the usual or ordinary form; ___ becomes poetry when it takes on rhyme and rhythm.	44
1908338075	Purpose	The specific reason a person has for writing; the goal of writing.	45
1908338076	Revision	Changing a piece of writing to improve it in style or content.	46
1908338077	Spontaneous	Doing, thinking, or writing without planning.	47
1908338078	Subjective	Thinking or writing which includes personal feelings, attitude, and opinions.	48
1908338079	Syntax	The order and relationship of words in a sentence.	49
1908338080	Theme	The central idea in a piece of writing (lengthy writings may have several ____); a term used to describe a short essay.	50
1908338081	Thesis Statement	A statement of the purpose, intent, or main idea of an essay.	51
1908338082	Topic	The specific subject of a piece of writing.	52
1908338083	Topic Sentence	The sentence which contains the main idea of a paragraph.	53
1908338084	Transitions	Words or phrases which help tie ideas together.	54
1908338085	Unity	A sense of oneness; writing in which each sentence helps to develop the main idea.	55
1908338086	Universal	A topic or idea which applies to everyone.	56
1908338087	Usage	The way in which people use language; language is generally considered to be standard (formal and informal) or nonstandard. Only standard ____ is acceptable in writing.	57
1908338088	Vivid Details	Details which appeal to the senses and help the reader see, feel, smell, taste, and hear the subject.	58

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

Out of Many Chapter 2 Test Flashcards

AP Governement - Court Cases to Know Flashcards

AP Government Final Exam Review Flashcards

Chpt 1 Science and Sustainability Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology I Flashcards

AP Biology Chapter 52-53 Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

Fouberg, Murphy, & de Blij "Human Geography People, Place and Culture" Midterm Vocabulary Study Set for AP (Chapters 1-6) Flashcards

Writing Terms (PAGE 365) Flashcards

Writing Terms (PAGE 365) Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org