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Chemistry

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lab10

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'(uo 1 ssed or elerseq l,uop pue 1 pero[ue nor edoq ,e>10[ Jecruraqc E se/v\ 1eq1) aleldrce.rd eq1 ;o pedelB nor 'uolmlos aql lo ued lou e,e no'{ 1i :reqr.r.rerual pue rcnr pooe .suorlpruesqo :no poddns suorlcrpardrno Jr ees pue ssecxe ur sr rrcrr.ur^ pue 6u;1u.rr1 sr ruelc,al qc;qrrir 1c;perd pue &leuorqcrols ro e6pe6nou,Jno esn lllm el 'pu,qeJoJe8 'sluelceeJ ssecxa JoF,,elpJr',, eql ,Eo srs*,,elrc leq^ft-suormros JaAo uer eql'{pn1s ueql pue seleldtceld pelo;oc lue,sllp alnporo ,1",..1^ "ro,t"rer uo;1e1d1ce.rd 1ue.rag1p orvrl age'rlserrur{;ert1e1;enb lll^ eM 'parurol st (areuatcaro e) pnpord pllos e pue aoueqc reclueLrc oolepun slu,lcBersnoenbe o/\ l ueq^ Ol sJale', rr .uorrcee, uorlelrdrcerd e sr rpnls ar",r"q" ,rq, uollc'e, 10 ad,1, lUeilodtur au6 IrEd lErluoc u! 6u;1e1;d;ce.l6

lab5

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'slsequ^s eql ul plce cllece 6ulsn lo sacuenbesuoc pup slreueq eqt noqE ru!r4 lueuuBdxe s1q1 ourlcnpuoce:e no{ sv 'eulpol t'lul sulz pelceeJ e/t^ uaq/t^ Jare/ti peurprcp asn lou plp ei^ I uaddeq plno/r^ lE..ur^ mo purlol luP^ em 'uollB6tlsanut s,repol u1 '1ua6e 6utuee;c crlsnec-uou E se pue soursserp peles ur rpeln6er pesnsl Llslql 'lB6eutr sE ol palJela: {;uotutttoc osrp sl prce crrecv '}unoup leus e rq uorplos e 1o gd eL, JeAAol{;uo ;1an I;luenbesuoc pue ptce lee^^ e st qctLl/v\ ,ptce ctleoe sl lsle/v\ p"11,p,r, eql ul plce aql .aptpot cutz;o stsaqlu{s eql ul pasn se/v\ Jel?n palrptce {qrn uosee: aq1 burururexe a.lE e/v\ {lnrgce ftoleroqe; uoqs s*lr ul ulBrl v aql 6u;1e1 . f .::". ffi i,! +i ;it1,.fii4#iffi 73 FOCUS QUESTION:

lab7

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89 68th and Zinc A key aspect of chemistry once a reaction is completed, is analysis. So far you have quantitatively analyzed your white colored compound from the reactant side based on your knowledge of how much iodine and zinc reacted. Now you will determine the amount of zinc from the product side. To do this you will perform a titration which is basically a reaction between a known quantified substance, Na2H2EDTA, and an unquantified substance in this case, the amount of zinc ion in your product, zinc iodide. Once you have mastered the technique of titration, you will be given an unknown zinc salt and asked to find out how much zinc ion is in this substance. By doing this activity you will see how one quantity can be logically deduced

lab6

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77 Grand Central Equation Many people converge at Grand central station on their way to their destinations. lt is a place thatrepresents a myriad of travel possibilities. Reactions travel not by train, but by specific pathways calledmechanisms' ln this activity, you will see how ditferent reactants, taking different routes, can undergotransformation into the same product. You will evaluate these different routes in terms of the amount ofproduct that can be made, the ease of isolating the product, product purity, safety issues, reaction time,waste production, and economics. d. 8t f'zq t1 SEUU .6i6m .acue|eq;ec1y(1eueueuouleL|l(ale1)q6taalpue Jel?eq -lu-og p optsul aqnl lsel lleus rfup e ecel4 'ace;d sqlalpunq eql ol pEeJ ue3 lEql ecuEleq e pul)'z

lab4

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61 The Castle of Quantification A major development in the discovery of Nature's Chemical Laws was the use of the balance during experiments. By quantifying the mass of reactants and products, chemists uncovered regularities and created new generalizations about the physical world. These generalizations are important to us today. For instance, in industry the optimization of product is often extremely important economically. By knowing the relationship between reactants and products, chemists can predict how much product will be made from the amount of reactants they stafted out with; this minimizes the quantity of wasted reactants and thereby increases efficiency of the manufacturing process. Your job is to find this relationship. 1l l' ,.: ',:'- '1," ,,,,,,

lab3

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49 The Redox Arena Redox is a compressed way of writing reduction and oxidation. Reduction refers to an atom gaining electrons and oxidation involves an atom losing electrons. Together, this process is very telling, in that it points to a very important aspect of chemical change: the electrons. For a reaction to occur, new bonds must form between atoms. lt is the ability of electrons to be shared or transferred between atoms that cause new bonds to form. The electron, more so than the proton or neutron, is the active player in the arena of chemical change. 'u! pupr{ ol ^Jeuruns lo ^docolorld aIBU\l 'z pue I sued rol sernpecold ruEroElo ,(oll Jo ezuEluuns g lool peau lqel lsrll rno^ u! g-[ slool ,ura!^au ls!llcor.lc qe'I-ard v n n tr AJls!uaqc ouolsrauroc :sllPloo aqf

lab2

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elu[ll no^ l,uop ^pueq altnb st strlf sp_ * .-: ur uorlBnbe il6lp llEtrls e fi)ec uec oM pealsul 'sqdeJo lo saoed pup se6ed qonorlll lool Jo 6ulqleurc s ,, : - , o] lue/v\ al eull {:ena qe1 eql ul llo/v\ ol enpq lruop e/tl asneoeq ecru sr srqj .JaLllo eqg 6urnouy a r: -;, euo Io anlB^ eLll lctpald ol pesn aq uec leq1 uotlenbe up elt.l^\ uec o/v\ drqsuorlelel stql uo.rl .s3:E-r. oMl uaal leq dtqsuotle;a: aql aas o] sn sl olle il osnecaq lueuodurr sr g; aanbluqcel lueuodu:r ,E -:-:6urqder6 sl IqM 'sMopulM Jol lacxl pellec esn slsrluercs IuBu leql ueroord eJe^ uos 6urqdel6 lErc,?* -:,:e ol pacnpoJrur eq ilr^ no^'sqdel6 {q peluesa-rdar aq uE, 6ur1ce;10c eq ilr^ no{ elep aql ic;_::

lab1

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15 Southside Seaweed Seaport Chemists are often depicted in movies or in books as eccentric and absent-minded p:ofessors. ln reality chemists are very in touch with the needs of society and are more practical tnan you nay think. Chemists often isolate substances found in nature or create new substances that benefil our heai:h. This activity is a case in point. You will be isolating an iodide salt that will be used to prepare a tinctlrre of lodine. Sold as an over-the-counter drug in your local pharmacy, iqQlne is used as an antiseptic on cL(s and scrapes of the skin. lodine has also been used to sanitize swimming pools and medical instruments pur,fy drinking water and is used in the treatment of goiter (swelling of the thyroid). I hope that this acti\.i}, r,rill convince many of

atomic structure

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Atomic Structure Definitions ? Acceleration ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the movement of the ions of the sample is speeded up using a series of negatively-charged plates. ? Atomic number ? The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. Represented by the symbol Z. Also called the proton number. ? Deflection ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the beam of ions is bent by a particular amount, depending on its mass-to-charge ratio. This is achieved using an electromagnet. ? Detection ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the ions strike a collector plate, producing a mass spectrum for analysis. ? Diatomic ? A molecule consisting of two atoms. ? Electromagnet ? The part of a mass spectrometer responsible for the

Chem Ch. 18

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Complex Ions Complex ion - ionic species consisting of a metal ion bonded to one or more Lewis bases Coordinate bond - bond formed when one anion/molecule donates a pair of electrons to another ion/molecule to form a covalent bond Ligand - a Lewis base bonded to the central metal ion of a complex ion Common Ligands (Lewis Bases): NH3, H2O, OH-, Cl-, CN- Inner coordination sphere - ligands that are bound directly to a metal via coordinate covalent bonds Counter ions - ions that balance the electrical charges of complex ions in coordination compounds Ex: [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + + Cl - ?> [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]Cl Coordination compound - any compound that contains a complex ion Coordination number - identifies the number of electron pairs surrounding a metal ion in a

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