Chemistry

Chapter 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes Jo Blackburn Richland College, Dallas, TX Dallas County Community College District ? 2006, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 7 * Introduction Hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds Sometimes called olefins Term derived from olefiant gas meaning ?oil-forming gas? Originates with early experiments and the oily appearance of alkene derivatives Chapter 7 Chapter 7 * Characteristics Among most important industrial compounds and found in many plants and animals Ethylene ? a.k.a. ethene largest volume industrial organic compound used to make polyethylene and others Pinene ? major component of turpentine ? paint solvent distilled from extracts of evergreen trees Chapter 7 Chapter 7 *

Chapter 5 Stereochemistry Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 5 * Summary of Isomers => Chapter 5 Chapter 5 * Stereochemistry The study of 3-D structure of molecues. Recall the 2 different types of isomers: Constitutional Stereoisomers Chapter 5 Chapter 5 * Stereoisomers Same bonding sequence. Different arrangement in space. Example: HOOC-CH=CH-COOH has two geometric (cis-trans) isomers: o o => Chapter 5 Chapter 5 * Chirality ?Handedness?: right glove doesn?t fit the left hand. Mirror-image object is different from the original object. Relationship ? the objects are nonsuperimposable (nonidentical) mirror images. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 * Chirality in Molecules The cis isomer is achiral (?not handed? or identical with its mirror image).

Chapter 3 Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 3 * Classification Review Chapter 3 Chapter 3 * Alkane Formulas All C-C single bonds Saturated with hydrogens Ratio: CnH2n+2 Alkane homologs: CH3(CH2)nCH3 Same ratio for branched alkanes => Chapter 3 Chapter 3 * Common Names Isobutane, ?isomer of butane? Isopentane, isohexane, etc., methyl branch on next-to-last carbon in chain. Neopentane, most highly branched Five possible isomers of hexane, 18 isomers of octane and 75 for decane! => Chapter 3 Chapter 3 * Alkane Examples => Chapter 3 Chapter 3 * IUPAC Names Find the longest continuous carbon chain.

Chapter 1 Introduction and Review Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 1 * Definitions Old: ?derived from living organisms? New: ?chemistry of carbon compounds? From inorganic to organic, vitalism and W?hler, 1828 => Chapter 1 Chapter 1 * Atomic Structure Atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the identity of the element. Some atoms of the same element have a different number of neutrons. These are called isotopes. Example: 12C, 13C, and 14C => Chapter 1 Chapter 1 * Electronic Structure Electrons: outside the nucleus, in orbitals. Electrons have wave properties. Electron density is the probability of finding the electron in a particular part of an orbital.