Naming Rules
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Chemistry
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Gas Stoich Notes
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preAP Chemistry 2013-2014 1 Name ___________________________ Period ______ I. Avogadro?s Law ? Avogadro?s Law states that ____________ volumes of gases at the __________ temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles. - At STP, _________________ particles (1 mol) will have a volume of ___________ Using Avogadro?s Law EX 1: Determine the volume (in L) occupied by 212 g of oxygen at STP. EX 2: Determine the density of nitrogen at STP. II. Ideal Gas Law ? Up to now we have always kept the ______________ of gas constant. Recognize that as the amount of gas changes, its corresponding _________________ changes. (Avogadro?s Law)
Formula Stoich Notes
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Energy Notes
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preAP Chem 2013-2014 1 NOTES: Energy in Chemical Processes Name ______________________________ Period ________ Energy and Heat ? Energy is defined as the ability to do _________ or produce ___________; the sum of all potential and kinetic energy in a system is known as the internal energy of the system. It comes from the energy stored in ____________ (______________ energy) and from the ____________ of atoms and molecules (______________ energy). ? Heat is defined as the ______________ of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. Do not confuse the terms heat and temperature. Heat is the _____________ of the energies of the molecules
Electron Notes
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Bonding Notes
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Atomic Structure Notes
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Pre-AP Chemistry 1 Chapter ________ Name _____________________________ Period ______ I. Historical Development (3-1) x particle theory of matter first proposed by ________________________ in 400 BC ? named the basic particle the ?_______________?, which means ____________________ in Greek x by 1700?s most scientists accepted definition of an _____________ as a substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary ________________ means x also accepted that _______________ combine to form ________________ x _______________________: the transformation of a substance or substances into 1 or more
Organic Chapter 11 ppt
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Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 11 * Types of Alcohol Reactions Dehydration to alkene Oxidation to aldehyde, ketone, acids Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane Esterification Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Summary Table => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Oxidation States Easy for inorganic salts CrO42- reduced to Cr2O3 KMnO4 reduced to MnO2 Oxidation: loss of H2, gain of O, O2, or X2 Reduction: gain of H2 or H-, loss of O, O2, or X2 Neither: gain or loss of H+, H2O, HX => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * 1?, 2?, 3? Carbons => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Sample Problems (1)
Organic Chapter 10 ppt
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Chapter 10 Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 10 * Structure of Alcohols Hydroxyl (-OH) functional group Oxygen is sp3 hybridized. Versatile synthetic intermediates Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * Classification Determined by carbinol carbon atom: Primary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to one other carbon. Secondary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to two other carbons. Tertiary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to three other carbons. Aromatic (phenol): -OH is bonded to a benzene ring. Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * Classify these: Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * IUPAC Nomenclature Find the longest carbon chain containing the carbon with the -OH group.
Organic Chapter 9 ppt
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Chapter 9 Alkynes Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 9 * Introduction Alkynes (a.k.a. acetylenes) contain a triple bond. General formula is CnH2n-2. Two elements of unsaturation for each triple bond. Some reactions are like alkenes: addition and oxidation. Some reactions are specific to alkynes. Chapter 9 Alkynes in Nature Chapter 9 * Nomenclature: IUPAC Find the longest chain containing the triple bond. Change -ane ending to -yne. Number the chain, starting at the end closest to the triple bond. Give branches or other substituents a number to locate their position. => Chapter 9 Chapter 9 * Name these: propyne 5-bromo-2-pentyne
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