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Chemistry

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Chapter 3

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Chapter 3.1 Average mass= total mass/ number of objects massed 3.2 Mass spectrometer- most accurate method currently availbe for comparing masses of atoms 3.3 Avogadro?s number- 6.022X 10^23 = one mole of something Molar mass- mass in grams of one mole of the compound g/mol Find on periodic table 3.5 Percent comp: Mass/ weight percent= (Mass of element in compound/ mass of compound)X100 3.6 Molecular formula= (empirical formula)n N is an integer To find molec formula take molar mass/ empirical formula mass and that is n SEE PAGE 96 IF CONFUSED
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Chapter 2

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Chapter 2.1- 2.3 (pages 41-48) Law of conservation of mass- Mass is neither created nor destroyed Law of definite proportion- a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass. Law of multiple proportions- When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with 1 gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers Dalton?s Atomic Theory- -Each element is made up of atoms -The atoms of a given element are identical -Chemical compounds are formed when atoms of diff elements combine with each other -Chemical reactions involve reorganization of the atoms Dalton prepared first table of atomic masses

Chapter 1

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Chapter 1.3 (Pages 8-10) SI system- International System of units. Based on/ Derived from metric system. Quantitative Observation- Measurement Consists of a number and a scale (unit) Mass- Measure of resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion Weight- Force gravity exerts on an object Chapter 1.4-1.5 (pages 11-18) Uncertainty- Estimated number in a measurement A measurement always has some degree of uncertainty Assumed to be +/- 1 unless otherwise indicated Precision- the degree of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity (reproducibility) Accuracy- Agreement of a particular value with the true value Errors:

Chem Notes

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10/25/13 Chem notes ACIDS- Contains H+ Naming: Hydro- last element name-ic acid Ate -> ic Ite -> ous
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Chemistry SL design IA

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What Effect does Temperature on the Rate of Reaction? Introduction Temperature is nothing more than the average kinetic energy of a mass of atoms. This being said, the less kinetic energy present, the fewer collisions between the conglomeration of atoms, and thus the slower a reaction will progress (chemguide.co.uk). This idea is powered by the collision theory, allowing us to accurately hypothe- size what will happen based on the temperature of a solution. As we approach absolute zero (0o K), the rate of reaction asymptotically approaches zero, never reaching it ,since we can never thoeretically reach absolute zero, but getting infintesimally closer by a mesurable degree.

AP Chem Practice Exam

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Course: CHEMISTRY Number: 205/4 Section: 03, 04 and 52 Instructors: N. Schoonhoven, G. D?n?s Examination: Final Date: 14th April, 2011 Time: 19:00 - 22:00 # of pages: 15 Materials Allowed: A data sheet and periodic table are attached to this paper - no other materials are allowed. NO BOOKLET. ALL ANSWERS MUST BE ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE. Calculators Allowed: Yes (Cell phones or electronic dictionaries may NOT be used as calculators.) Special Instructions: This exam contains three sections. Please read the instructions before each section carefully. LAST NAME: ____________________________ FIRST NAME: ____________________________ STUDENT NUMBER: _____________________ SIGNATURE: ____________________________

Chapter 8 Solutions

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Periodic Properties of the Elements Review Questions 8.1 A periodic property is one that is predictable based on the element's position within the periodic table. 8.2 The relative size of the sodium and potassium ions is important to nerve signal transmission. The pumps and channels within cell membranes are so sensitive that they can distinguish between the sizes of these two ions and selectively allow only one or the other to pass. The movement of ions is the basis for the transmission of nerve signals in the brain and throughout the body. 8.3 The first attempt to organize the elements according to similarities in their properties was made by the German chemist Johann Dobereiner. He grouped elements into triads; three ele-

Chapter 8 Test Banks

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? Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (Tro) ? Chapter 8 ?? Periodic Properties of the Elements ? 1) ?? Give the ground state electron configuration for Se. ? A) ?? [Ar]4s23d104p4 ? B) ?? [Ar]4s24d104p4 ? C) ?? [Ar]4s23d104p6 ? D) ?? [Ar]4s23d10 ? E) ?? [Ar]3d104p4 ? Answer: ?? A ? 2) ?? Give the ground state electron configuration for I. ? A) ?? [Kr]5s24d105p6 ? B) ?? [Kr]5s24d105p5 ? C) ?? [Kr]4d105p6 ? D) ?? [Kr]5s25p6 ? E) ?? [Kr]5s25d105p6 ? Answer: ?? B ? 3) ?? Give the ground state electron configuration for Sr. ? A) ?? [Kr]5s24d2 ? B) ?? [Kr]5s24d105p2 ? C) ?? [Kr]5s2 ? D) ?? [Kr]5s25d105p2 ? E) ?? [Kr]5s24d10 ? Answer: ?? C ? 4) ?? Give the ground state electron configuration for Pb. ? A) ?? [Xe]6s26p2 ? B) ?? [Xe]6s25d106p2 ? C) ?? [Xe]6s25f146d106p2 ? D) ??

Acids and Bases

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Unit 7: Acid and Bases Acid Base Lemonade Dressing Vinegar Drain-0 Arm-n-Hammer Arrhenius Acids: When in a solution, they donate protons (H+) A proton in water becomes a ?hydronium? ion H3) SameEx) HCL (aq) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) HCl(l) + H2) H30+(aq) + Cl- Acids cause indicators to change color (Table M) Ex) Bromthymol blue, litmus, phenolphthalein Sour Taste (ex. Citric acid) pH<7 (0-7) (pure acid 100%) Measure of H+ concentration p= power (pH. If [H+} = 1 X 10-7 All acids dissolve metal to produce H2 gas (corrosive) chemically dissolve A neutralization reaction occurs b/t an acid and a base to form a salt and water Arrhenius Base: When in a solution, they donate hydroxide ions (OH-) to the solution

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