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Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

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Unit 10All organic compounds contain the element carbon Exist in nature in many forms not all carbon compounds are organic four valence electrons make four single bonds A carbon atom must make 4 covalent bonds to become stable Halocarbons: Nonpoplar molecules/ Insoluble in water (water polar)/ Non-electrolytes (electrolytes dissolve)/ low melting & boiling compared to metals/ Undergo combustion reaction to release energy Prefixes on table P IUPAC: Determine # of carbons in the longest parent chain or carbon backbone Single bonds: ane/ saturated Double bonds: ene/ unsaturated Triple bonds: yne/ unsaturated Isomers: Same formula but structurally different Halocarbon/ Halide Covalently bonded: FL, Cl, Br, I Uses: Refrigerants, anesthetic, and dissolving agents endings: o Alcohol

economics

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History of a country is the root of its citizens History is basically the description of the change of human life style, the process and the way a country has gone through and the incidents within. It might sound so simple and unimportant to know about it but actually history is the story of how people end up as they are right now. For example, let?s say that there is a Chinese man living in a rural village. History tells him how his country was formed, how his region and his village were formed by whom, and how his ancestors settled in that area. The reason why this Chinese man sits in that area History is the Foundation of One?s Identity Kyeongtae Kim (19 95 - Present ) I

Chemistry

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Chemistry Study Guide Unit 1: Measurement and the Methods of Chemistry Counting significant figures: 1) leading zeros never count 2) Trailing zeros only count if there is a decimal point written 3) All numbers that aren?t leading or trailing zeros count Unit 2: Atomic Structure, Periodicity, and Nuclear Energy Proton: +1 (charge) Neutron: 0 (charge) Electron: -1 (charge) Atomic number= number of protons within an atom Atomic mass= total weight of the atom. P+N If there is a power to the left of the element, that implies the mass. Isotope: same atom with same atomic number, but different number of neutrons. Different weight. Neutrons and protons are INSIDE nucleus. Electrons on orbitals. Valence electrons= electrons on outermost shell. The electrons that do all reactions.

Chem Scientists and Definitions

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Democritus Greek; said that everything in the universe starts with small pieces of un-cuttable (atomos) pieces of matter but had no proof ? Aristotle Greek; said there was no such thing as the smallest piece of matter; he was the good speaker therefore people of his time believed him John Dalton created the Atomic Theory in the 1800's The Atomic Theory says that all things in the world are made of atoms, and if the materials are the same, the atoms are identical especially in their mass; different elements have different atoms and a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms William Crookes

Chemical Names and Formulas Chapter 6 Addison and Wesley

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Chapter 6 ?Chemical Names and Formulas? By Stephen L. Cotton, Charles Page High School Modified by Barbara Williams, DeBakey HSHP H2O Molecular Compounds Molecule Neutral chemically bonded group of atoms that act as a unit Usually composed of 2 or more nonmetal atoms Make up molecular compounds Ions and Ionic Compounds Ion Charged atom or group of atoms (cation or anion) Cation name: same name + ?ion? (Na+ is called ?sodium ion?) Anion name: root name ends with ?-ide? (Cl- is called ?chloride?) Ionic Compound Composed of metal cation and nonmetal anion An Anion is? A negative ion. Has gained electrons. Nonmetals can gain electrons. Charge is written as a superscript on the right. F1- Has gained one electron (-ide is new ending = fluoride) O2- Gained two electrons (oxide)

Chemistry Lab Report

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Properties and Changes Logan Bell Purpose: The Purpose of the Properties and Changes lab was to determine the unknown substances in the assigned mixture by comparing reactions and end results with certain variables. Procedure: Part one: 1. Obtain one of the following white powders: Starch, Baking Soda, Sugar and Salt (Sodium Iodide) 2. Make as many observations of each powder that you can before it is mixed with anything. Record your observations in your data table. 3. Put a small amount of your Sugar in two pea sized piles on a watch glass. 4. Add one drop of Vinegar to one of the piles of Starch. Record your observations. 5. Add one drop of Iodide solution to the other pile of Starch. Record your observations.

Basic Chem

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Basic Review Sheet for Basic Chemistry Test (2nd Bio Test) for Mr. Papagayo *Note*: Be prepared, there is a lot of "shorthand" (no vowels), so it might be a bit hard to read. Some Terms: Element - cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Cation - positively charged atom that has lost electrons. Anion - negatively charged atom that has gained electrons. - Number of protons doesn't change during ionization. Organic - containing a carbon backbone bonded to hydrogen. Hydrogen bonding - the strongest type of intermolecular bonding. Cohesion - mlcs of one kind stick together. Causes surface tension. Solution - homogenous mixture of substances.

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