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Ch. 6 Notes

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Biology
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Biology
organelles
Cell Biology
Membrane biology
Endomembrane system
cell
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
Eukaryote
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle
Cytoplasm
health
Cells

Ch. 6: A Tour of the Cell All organisms are made of cells simplest collection of matter that can be alive Microscopy progressed the discovery and early study of cells Robert Hooke looked at dead cells from the bark of an oak tree Antoni von Leeuwenhoek ? intro to the world of microorganisms Cell fractionation takes cells apart and separates major organelles and subcellular structures from one another using a centrifuge Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Euk: DNA is in the nucleus Pro: DNA is in the nucleoid (not enclosed by membrane) Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger Cytosol: semifluid portion of the cytoplasm Biological membrane: phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded Nucleus contains most of the genes in the cell

AP Bio Lab Answers

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Biology
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Juice
Insect ecology
Fly fishing
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[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] 1 Zaimi Fruit Fly Behavior: What environmental factors trigger a fruit fly response? Investigation 12 Name: Sara Zaimi Partners Names: Marissa Grillo, Jackie Kimmelman, Bethaney and Molly Mancuso, and Lauren Sarmiento Date of lab: September 10, 2013 Date Lab Due: September 20, 2013 Materials: Fruit fly culture (used 29 fruit flies) Choice chamber constructed from two plastic water bottles Cotton balls Timer (clock) Paper and pencil to record data 1 tbsp. of drinking water, coffee, olive oil, pineapple juice, and hot sauce Clear tape Objectives:

AP Psych Myers 6th edition Chapter 2

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Psychology
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anatomy
nervous system
Mind
Cerebrum
Motor system
Neuroanatomy
brain
Cerebral cortex
Neocortex
Human brain
Neuron
Thalamus
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BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR THE HUMAN BRAIN The influence of biology (sometimes called the neuroscience or biopsychological perspective) is growing. Some researchers predict that someday psychology will be a specialty within the field of biology. An understanding of the biological principles relevant to psychology is needed to understand current psychological thinking. The human brain consists of three major divisions; hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain Major Division Subdivision Structures Prosencephalon?(Forebrain) Telencephalon Neocortex; Basal Ganglia; Amygdala; Hippocampus; Lateral Ventricles Diencephalon Thalamus; Hypothalamus; Epithalamus; Third Ventricle Mesencephalon?(Midbrain) Mesencephalon Tectum; Tegmentum; Cerebral Aqueduct

AP Psych Myers 6th edition Chapter 1

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Psychology
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Mind
Psychology
behavior
Behavioural sciences
Philosophy of psychology
Behaviorism
Comparative psychology
Structuralism
Introspection
Wilhelm Wundt
Aggression
Unconscious mind
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HISTORY AND METHODS Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes A Brief History- Wilhelm Wundt- founded first research lab in 1879- birth of scientific psychology Structuralism ? studied consciousness- introspection, examining one?s mind and what one is thinking and feeling. Edward Titchener Functionalism- look at function not structure, stress adaptation to the environment. William James (Principles of Psychology in 1890) John Dewey Gestalt psychology ? focus on the totality of perception, Max Wertheimer Psychoanalysis- Sigmund Freud- focus on role of unconscious conflicts, the process of raising these conflicts to a level of awareness is the goal of psychoanalysis Current Views of Psychology- Neurobiology- Behavior viewed in terms of biological responses

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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Biology
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Biology
Membrane biology
organelles
Cell membrane
Endomembrane system
Membrane protein
Vesicle
cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Biological membrane
Lipid bilayer
Facilitated diffusion
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9/28/13 2:53 PM Tools used to study cells Microscopy Light microscope Electron microscope Scanning Transmission Cell fractionation - centrifuge Cells ? simplest collection of matter that can be alive All contain: Plasma membrane Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Cytoplasm ? interior of cell Limited to small size because High SA to volume ration necessary for exchange between cell & environment As cells grow, volume increases at higher rate than SA Prokaryotic Lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles Nucleoid Location of DNA Not membrane enclosed Fimbriae Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule Flagella Surface to volume ratio is important parameter affecting cell size & shape ORGANELLES IN EUKARYOTIC CELL Nucleus Functions: Houses chromosomes

Campbell Biology 9th - Unit 1

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Biology
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Biology
organelles
Membrane biology
Cell Biology
Cell membrane
Endomembrane system
cell
Cytosol
Vesicle
mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Membrane protein
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Ch.7 ? Membrane What makes something alive? What do all living things have in common? Carbon based Cells DNA Living organisms 1.8 million known species 10-100 million estimates species 3 domains Bacteria Archea Eukarya Same basic components Cells ? lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life Eukaryotic ? nucleus & other membrane-bound structures Prokaryotic ? simpler, membrane & DNA Cells & tissues made from same set of chemicals Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Organic molecules/nutrients cycle through organisms & environment All organisms transfer & transform energy to power cellular processes Living organisms have been around for billions of years Prokaryotes ? 3.5 billion years ago Eukaryotes ? 2 billion Multi-cellular life ? 1.2 billion

Notes & such

Subject: 
Psychology
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Biology
Sleep
Neurophysiology
Dreaming
Circadian rhythms
Circadian rhythm
Rapid eye movement sleep
Slow-wave sleep
Melatonin
brain
Dream
Non-rapid eye movement sleep
health

Consciousness: Some occur spontaneously: Daydreaming, drowsiness, dreaming. Some are physiologically: Hallucination, orgasm, food or oxygen, starvation. Some are psychologically induced: Sensory deprivation, hypnosis, meditation. Bodily Rhythms Biological Rhythms: periodic physiological fluctuations Grizzly bears hibernating Sleep length Female menstrual cycle 24-hour day cycle (alertness) 90-minute sleep cycle Circadian Rhythms: biological clock that regulates bodily rhythms on a 24-hour cycle. Influenced by LIGHT -> causes our pineal gland to increase or decrease production of melatonin. With age, we shift from night owls to morning birds. What would happen if a person was put into a cave for a long period of time without any light? The body works on a natural 25-hour clock.

Anatomy Chemistry

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Biology
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Chemistry
Biology
Genetics
Molecular biology
nutrition
Organic compounds
RNA
Amino acid
Nucleic acid
Lipid
Hydrogen bond
Acid
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Anatomy Basic Building Blocks

Basic Building Blocks of Life Organic Molecules Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen atoms Both atoms can form hydrocarbon chains and rings The four major classes of organic molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. ? Functional groups Functional groups are reactive molecules that usually contain oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur They are responsible for some of the unique properties of a molecule Some examples of functional groups Alcohols Aldehyde Amides Carboxyl groups Ketones Carbohydrates (basic building blocks of life) Carbohydrates These are organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Their general formula is CnH2nOn Carbohydrates are a source of energy Carbohydrates are also known as sugars They have a suffix of ?ose?

AP Bio notes

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Biology
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Biology
organelles
Membrane biology
Cell Biology
Endomembrane system
cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Cytosol
Vesicle
Eukaryote
health

6.2 Eukaryotic Cells I. Eukaryotic cells include animal, plant, protest, and fungi cells. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea. A. Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic 1. SMILARITIES a. bounded by plasma membrane b. within membrane is a semifluid substance called cytosol in which organelles are found c. chromosomes ? carrying genes in form of RNA/DNA d. ribosomes ? tiny organelles that make proteins from genes 2. DIFFERENCES Eukaryote Prokaryote - Nucleus (chromosomes) - Nucleoid (but no membrane separates it from rest of the cell)

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