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united states

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Chapter 7: Launching the New Republic (1789-1800) I. Constitutional Government Takes Shape- New York became the new state capital for the United States. As the congressmen slowly began to congregate they were faced with the very serious task of making decisions on things the Constitution had left ambiguous. There was no president to help these congressmen decide what to do.

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Chapter 6: Securing Independence, Defining Nationhood, 1776-88 The Prospects of War The Revolution gave white northerners and southerners their first real chance to learn what they had in common, and they soon developed mutual admiration. In July 1776, the thirteen colonies had declared independence out of desperation and joined together in a loosely knit confederation of states. Only as a result of collective hardships experienced during eight years of terrible fighting did the inhabitants cease to see themselves only as military allies and begin to accept one another as fellow citizens. Americans remained divided over some basic political questions relating to the distribution of power and authority. Loyalists and Other British Sympathizers

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The Declaration of Independence contains all of the following phrases except "monarchy and hereditary succession have laid the world in blood and ashes." From the rationalist philosophies of the Enlightenment, Americans of the 1760s and early 1770s derived the idea that individuals have certain "natural rights." By 1770, after five years of debate over American sovereignty, outspoken colonial leaders had repudiated Parliament and claimed equality for their own assemblies under the king. The author of the radical pamphlet Common Sense called for independence and republicanism. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the Boston Massacre of March 1770 or its aftermath? Radical Whigs accused the British of deliberately planning the killings.

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??? Which of the following did the Bill of Rights NOT do? It specified explicit limits on federal power. ??? When Alexander Hamilton argued that Congress had the constitutional authority to establish a national bank, what was the basis of his assertion? The Constitution gives Congress the authority to do whatever is "necessary and proper" to perform its duties. ??? Why did the southern states vote for Hamilton's plan to assume state debts? Northern representatives agreed to transfer the federal capital from Philadelphia to a location on the Potomac River in Virginia. ??? What was the strongest argument against Hamiltons' Bank of the United States? The Constitution had given Congress no specific authorization to issue charters of incorporation. ???

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AP American Government Review Concentration 1 Constitutional Underpinnings of United States Government (5-15%) Considerations that influenced the formulation and adoption of the Constitution Separation of powers Federalism Theories of democratic government Key Terms Republic Pure/direct democracy Representative democracy Parliamentary democracy Presidential democracy Constitutional democracy Totalitarianism Conservatism Liberalism Absolutism Socialism Communism Dictatorship Oligarchy Theocracy Absolute monarchy Divine right Constitutional or limited democracy Natural law Common law Natural rights National sovereignty State sovereignty Confederation Division of power Interstate commerce Intrastate commerce Domestic tranquility General welfare

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AP American Government Review Concentration 1 Constitutional Underpinnings of United States Government (5-15%) Considerations that influenced the formulation and adoption of the Constitution Separation of powers Federalism Theories of democratic government Key Terms Republic Pure/direct democracy Representative democracy Parliamentary democracy Presidential democracy Constitutional democracy Totalitarianism Conservatism Liberalism Absolutism Socialism Communism Dictatorship Oligarchy Theocracy Absolute monarchy Divine right Constitutional or limited democracy Natural law Common law Natural rights National sovereignty State sovereignty Confederation Division of power Interstate commerce Intrastate commerce Domestic tranquility General welfare

Chapter 4

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Chesapeake An area home to the first American colonies, profitable to tobacco farmers. headright system Whoever paid the passage of a laborer received 50 acres. indentured servant Whites who sold their labor for 5-7 years for passage to America. Nathaniel Bacon A white planter who led a rebellion, killing natives and burning Jamestown. Governor Berkeley The Virginia governor who punished the rebels of Bacon?s troop. Middle Passage The transatlantic sea voyage bringing slaves to the New World. Royal African Company A company that lost its monopoly in selling slaves to the colonists. ringshout A West African religious dance that contributed to the development of jazz. ?FFVs? First Families of Virginia, which dominated real estate and legislature.

Chapter 8

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Second Continental Congress Met in the hopes that fighting would allow for the addressing of their grievances. George Washington The leader of the American army, selected by the Congress for political reasons Ticonderoga and Crown Point A store of gunpowder and artillery secured by the Americans Bunker (Breed?s) Hill A hill taken by Americans, defended mercilessly, abandoned without gunpowder Olive Branch Petition A petition adopted by America, pleading for peace and professing Crown loyalty Thomas Paine A writer who called the freedom of America from England ?common sense.? Republicanism A society where power flows from the people, not a despotic monarch Richard Henry Lee A delegate at the Philadelphia Congress who pushed for independence Thomas Jefferson

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