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Chemistry

Ionic/Covalent Bonds

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Ionic bond
Chemical bond
Covalent bond
Electronegativity
Ion
Technology

Ionic bond is between a metal and non-metal and has the electronegativity difference of 1.7 or higher. Also Ionic bonds take electrons from other elements. Convalent is usually between a non-metal and non-metal and shares electrons.
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Inter/IntraMolecular Forces

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Intermolecular forces
Supramolecular chemistry
Chemical properties
Noncovalent bonding
Intramolecular force
Chemical bond
Hydrogen bond
Chemical polarity
Hydrogen chloride
Dipole
Tags: 
intermolecular forces
boiling points
melting points
polarity
3 Types of bonds: [IONIC, COVALENT, METALLIC] ---> Intramolecular forces INTERmolecular Forces: Force of attraction between molecules Ionic > [Hydrogen Bonding > Dipole-Dipole > LDF] <---Covalent A. Dipole-Dipole 1. Definition - Positive (Polarity) seeks negative 2. Happens between POLAR molecules EX: HCl attracts HCl H-Cl --><-- H-Cl B. Hydrogen Bonding 1. Definition - Attraction between Hydrogen atoms and unshared electrons of Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), or Florine (F). 2. STRONG attraction <---IMPORTANT 3. Holds DNA strands together EX: H2O attracts H2O (Dipole-Dipole is there too) HAVE POLARITY C. London Dispersion Forces (LDF)

Alpha and Beta Particles

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Chemistry
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Physics
Matter
Radioactivity
Chemistry
Radiation
Alpha particle
Helium
Beta particle
Proton
Polonium
Technology
Alpha and Beta particles can be both emitted and bombarded with other elements. If a beta particle is a emitted then the original element gains a proton. If a Alpha particle is emitted then the original element looses two protons. And vice versa if the particle is bombared.

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Subject: 
Biology
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Chemistry
Catalysis
Oxidoreductases
Antioxidants
Process chemicals
Metalloproteins
Dismutase
Superoxide dismutase
Enzyme
Superoxide
Catalase
CNote
Growing Old with Molecular Mayhem A. The enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase work together to rid the body’s cells of damaging free radicals. B.As people age, their capacity to produce functional enzymes begins to falter. I. Energy and the Underlying Organization of Life A. Defining Energy 1.Potential energy is the capacity to make things happen, to do work; it can also be called chemical energy, measured in kilocalories. 2.Kinetic energy is the energy of motion; it includes heat energy. 3.Metabolism refers to the cell’s capacity to acquire energy and use it to build, store, break apart, and eliminate substances in controlled ways. B. How Much Energy Is Available?

Lead Nitrate - Potassium Iodide Lab

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Iodides
Metal halides
Potassium compounds
Nitrate
Potassium iodide
Technology

Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to try to get Pb I2 to filter out after combining Pb(NO3)2 and KI. We also wanted to further demonstrate what we did in class with limiting reagents. Materials: Lead (II) Nitrate Potassium Iodide 3 beakers Ring Stand Funnel Filter Paper Scale Water Stirring Rod Funnel clamp Wash Bottle Procedure: The first thing that we did was measure out 3.16g Pb(NO3)2 and 5.00 g of KI on the scale. Next we filled two of the beakers with 40 mL of water and poured the Pb(NO3)2 into one and the KI into the other. After dissolving them we then combined the two solutions into one beaker, which caused a thick, yellow substance to form.

Reactions and Enzymes

Subject: 
Biology
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Thermodynamics
Chemical thermodynamics
Chemistry
Physics
State functions
Thermochemistry
Endergonic
Exergonic reaction
Exergonic
Energy
Entropy

Endergonic and exergonic | Back to Top Energy releasing processes, ones that "generate" energy, are termed exergonic reactions. Reactions that require energy to initiate the reaction are known as endergonic reactions. All natural processes tend to proceed in such a direction that the disorder or randomness of the universe increases (the second law of thermodynamics). Time-energy graphs of an exergonic reaction (top) and endergonic reaction (bottom). Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates (www.sinauer.com) and WH Freeman (www.whfreeman.com), used with permission. Oxidation/Reduction | Back to Top

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