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Chemistry

Biological Molecules Graphic Organizer

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RNA
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DNA
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Lipdids Carbohydrates

Date: Name: Period: ? Please fill in the table below: Biological Molecule Organizer ? Biological Molecule Common Name Elements Present Uses by Living Things Monomer & Polymer Example Carbohydrates Monomer: Polymer: Lipids Not Applicable Proteins Monomer: Polymer: Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Stores life?s instructions Monomer: Nucleotides Polymer: Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA
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review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4-18.9.09

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? ? ?Page | ? PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT ?1? review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4* 18.Sep.09 Chapter.4 :: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life [[Page.58]] Overview ?Carbon ? The Backbone of Biological Molecules [[Page.58]] Although living organisms use water as their universal medium for life, they are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon. Carbon enters the biosphere through the action of plants in the transformation of CO2 Of all chemical elements, carbon is unparalleled (best) in its ability to form molecules that are large, complex and diverse (various), and this molecular diversity had made possible the diversity of organisms that have evolved on Earth.

Biology

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Gold
Valence
Hydrophile

AP BIOLOGY VOCABULARY BioChemistry anion atomic mass atomic number cation chemical equilibrium covalent bond electronegativity hydrogen bond ionic bond isotope mass number orbital trace element valence valence electron van der Waals interaction acid adhesion aqueous solution base buffer cohesion heat heat of vaporization hydration shell hydrophilic hydrophobic molarity mole molecular mass pH solution specific heat surface tension temperature alcohol amino group carbonyl group carboxyl group enantiomer functional group hydroxyl group isomer organic chemistry phosphate group sulfhydryl group helix pleated sheet amino acid antiparallel carbohydrate cellulose chaperonin chitin cholesterol condensation reaction conformation denaturation deoxyribose fatty acid gene glycogen hydrolysis

Enzyme Lab

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Enzyme lab

Nick Kissel Enzyme Lab 5 November 2012 Enzyme Concentration: Hypothesis: If the amount of enzymes were to increase, then more substrates will convert. Conclusion: The substrates were converted faster when there was a higher enzyme concentration. Amount of Enzymes Number of Converted Substrates after 20 Seconds 1 6 2 7 3 10 4 11 5 12 6 15 7 17 8 18 9 18 10 22 Graph 1: This graph shows the trend that when the amount of enzymes increases, so does the number of converted substrates. Substrate Concentration: Hypothesis: If the amount of substrates were to increase, then more substrates will convert. Conclusion: Spheres converted faster when there was a higher substrate concentration. Substrate Concentration

Chapter 5 Notes

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Chapter 4
macromolecules
Notes
Lipids
Proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids

Joey Miller AP Biology Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules The Molecules of Life Macromolecules ? Huge molecules consisting of thousands of atoms Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules Macromolecules are Polymers, Built from Monomers Polymer ? A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are polymers Monomer ? The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer are smaller molecules called monomers. The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers Enzymes ? specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions

Chapter 3 Notes

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chapter 3
water
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Joey Miller AP Biology Chapter 3: Water and Life The Molecule that Supports Life Water is the biological medium here on Earth. Water is the only common substance to exist in the natural environment in all three physical states of matter. The solid state of water floats on the liquid, a rare property emerging from the chemistry of the water molecule. Polar Covalent Bonds in Water Molecules Result in Hydrogen Bonding Polar Covalent Bonds ? the electrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to one atom than another atom Polar Molecule ? The overall charge of a molecule is unevenly distributed

AP Chem Multiple Choice Questions listed by topic

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Advanced Placement Chemistry
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Summary of Multiple Choice Questions on the AP Chemistry Exam (1984) Topic Problem Numbers % of Exam Stoichiometry/Mole relationships 44,45,52,73,85 5.9 Gas Laws/Kinetic Theory 21,23,39,50,78 5.9 Atomic Theory 19,22,58,66,70 5.9 Bonding/Intermolecular Forces 8,9,18,40,41,51,60,80 9.5 Periodic Properties 43 1.2 Solutions/Phase Diagrams 27,37,54,55,59,67,69,84 9.4 Rates and Equilibrium 25,26,28,36,76,82 7.1 Precipitation 68,74 2.4 Acid/Base/Buffer 33,48,49,53,63,64,75 8.2 Oxidation/Reduction/Electrochemistry14,15,16,17,20,34,46,65,79 10.6 General 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,24 9.4 Thermodynamics 29,47,56,57,83 5.9 Qualitative 10,11,12,13,31,35 7.1 Reactions 32,42,61,71,81 5.9 Nuclear 30,38 2.4 Organic 77 .9 Laboratory 62,72 2.4

cellular respiration

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Glycolysis
Anaerobic respiration
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Pyruvic acid
Fermentation
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain
Ethanol fermentation

STUDY GUIDE FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular Respiration: Transfer of energy from organic compounds (especially GLUCOSE) to ATP. AEROBIC: cellular respiration WITH O2 ANEROBIC: cellular respiration WITHOUT O2 TWO STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION: STAGE 1: Glucose is converted to Pyruvate producing small amounts of ATP and NADH. STAGE 2: If O2, then: PYR and NADH make lots of ATP; if no O2, then Lactate or Ethanol and CO2 are produced. SEE FIGURE 10 FROM PAGE 104 IIN THE TEXTBOOK.

Chapter 2: Chemical Units and Their Identities

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ATOMS: - made of nucleus (protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral charge)) and electron cloud (electrons (negative charge) - smallest particle that still retains properties of element - atomic # - # of protons (unique to each element) (also # of electrons in neutral atoms) - mass # - # of protons + neutrons - atomic mass - actual (average) mass of atom (measured in daltons) - about mass # b/c electrons have very small mass compared to protons/neutrons - isotope - atom w/ more/less than usual # of neutrons ELECTRONS: - elemental form of element is when element is by itself - compound - joint of 2+ elements w/ own set of properties diff. from elements - elements in periodic table are arranged in atomic # and are in 18 columns (groups)

Biology Chemical Bonds PPT

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Chemical Bonds

Biol 210 General Biology 1 Lecture 2 Review Chemical Bonds Atomic Structure Nucleus Protons, mass = 1, charge = +1 Neutrons, mass = 1, charge = 0 Electrons Mass = negligible Charge = -1 # e? = # protons Outer shell (most energenic) e??s form chemical bonds Isotopes Some isotopes are stable, such as 1H2 Other isotopes are unstable, such as 1H3. When tritium decays, it gives off ? particle. Because the mass of an element includes the average isotope abundance, the mass and the atomic weight differ slightly Helium, He, atomic number 4, mass 4.003 Important Elements C HOPKINS CaFe Mg C = carbon H = hydrogen O = oxygen P = phosphorous K = potassium I = iodine N = nitrogen S = sulfur Ca = calcium Fe = iron Mg = magnesium Na = sodium Cl = chloride

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