Carbon

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Nature

Organic chemistry

Isomerism

Chemical nomenclature

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Ap bio Carbon Compunds ppt

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Organic chemistry

Isomerism

Chemical nomenclature

Ketone

Hydrocarbon

* Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life * Carbon Chemistry Carbon is the Backbone of Biological Molecules (macromolecules) All living organisms Are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon Figure 4.1 * Carbon Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms Carbon compounds range from simple molecules to complex ones Carbon has four valence electrons and may form single, double, triple, or quadruple bonds * The bonding versatility of carbon allows it to form many diverse molecules, including carbon skeletons (a) Methane (b) Ethane (c) Ethene (ethylene) Molecular Formula Structural Formula Ball-and-Stick Model Space-Filling Model H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Ch. 4 Organic Chem

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Chemical nomenclature

Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life I. Importance of Carbon Organic chemistry: branch of chemistry that specializes in study of carbon compounds Organic compounds: contain Carbon (& H) Major elements of life: CHNOPS Carbon can form large, complex, and diverse molecules II. Diversity of Carbon It has 4 valence electrons (tetravalence) It can form up to 4 covalent bonds Most frequent bonding partners: H, O, N II. Diversity of Carbon Bonds can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds. II. Diversity of Carbon Carbon can form large molecules 4 classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids II. Diversity of Carbon Molecules can be chains, ring-shaped, or branched II. Diversity of Carbon Forms isomers

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 4 Outline

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Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Outline Carbon: The Backbone of Life Organisms are made up of chemicals based mostly on carbon Carbon comes into the atmosphere through the action of plants: plants use solar energy to transform CO2 Carbon forms molecules that are large, complex, and varied Organic Chemistry is the Study of Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry: The branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds Overall percentages of the major elements of life are quite uniform from one organism to the next Chemists learned to make many simple compounds in the lab by combining elements under the right conditions by the 1800s Vitalism: The belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws

Chapter 4 Notes

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BIOL 1020 ? CHAPTER 4 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 4: Carbon and the molecular diversity of life Organic Compounds Organic compounds: any compound of carbon and another element or radical Inorganic: any compound that does not contain carbon. Carbon skeletons: the skeletal formula of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure Wide diversity in organic compounds Carbon has diverse bonding patterns. Carbon atomic structure How many valence electrons in a carbon atom? 4 How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom maximum form? 4 Bonding patterns Valence = 4 electrons Different molecular shape: chains, branches, ring, etc. Length difference. Hydrocarbons ? organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen e.g. propane

review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4-18.9.09

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Matter

Chemical elements

Nonmetals

Environment

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? ? ?Page | ? PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT ?1? review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4* 18.Sep.09 Chapter.4 :: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life [[Page.58]] Overview ?Carbon ? The Backbone of Biological Molecules [[Page.58]] Although living organisms use water as their universal medium for life, they are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon. Carbon enters the biosphere through the action of plants in the transformation of CO2 Of all chemical elements, carbon is unparalleled (best) in its ability to form molecules that are large, complex and diverse (various), and this molecular diversity had made possible the diversity of organisms that have evolved on Earth.

Chapter 3 Notes

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Water

Polar bond

Technology

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chapter 3

water

Notes

Joey Miller AP Biology Chapter 3: Water and Life The Molecule that Supports Life Water is the biological medium here on Earth. Water is the only common substance to exist in the natural environment in all three physical states of matter. The solid state of water floats on the liquid, a rare property emerging from the chemistry of the water molecule. Polar Covalent Bonds in Water Molecules Result in Hydrogen Bonding Polar Covalent Bonds ? the electrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to one atom than another atom Polar Molecule ? The overall charge of a molecule is unevenly distributed

Flash Cards

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Sulfur

Composition of the human body

Carbon-based life

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Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology The science of body structures and the relationships among them. The science of body functions. Levels of structural organization Chemical Cell Tissues Organ System Organism Chemical includes atoms- create molecules of(two or more atoms joined together. ESSENTIAL ATOMS TO THE BODY Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Calcium Sulfur
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Chapter 4 Carbon and the molecular diversity of life

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Matter

Terminology

CNote

Chapter 4 Carbon and the molecular diversity of life

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Organic chemistry

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Alkyne

Alkene

Alkane

Aromatic hydrocarbon