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Organic compound

Chapter 4 Test Bank AP Bio

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Ch. 4 Organic Chem

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Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life I. Importance of Carbon Organic chemistry: branch of chemistry that specializes in study of carbon compounds Organic compounds: contain Carbon (& H) Major elements of life: CHNOPS Carbon can form large, complex, and diverse molecules II. Diversity of Carbon It has 4 valence electrons (tetravalence) It can form up to 4 covalent bonds Most frequent bonding partners: H, O, N II. Diversity of Carbon Bonds can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds. II. Diversity of Carbon Carbon can form large molecules 4 classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids II. Diversity of Carbon Molecules can be chains, ring-shaped, or branched II. Diversity of Carbon Forms isomers

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 4 Outline

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Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Outline Carbon: The Backbone of Life Organisms are made up of chemicals based mostly on carbon Carbon comes into the atmosphere through the action of plants: plants use solar energy to transform CO2 Carbon forms molecules that are large, complex, and varied Organic Chemistry is the Study of Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry: The branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds Overall percentages of the major elements of life are quite uniform from one organism to the next Chemists learned to make many simple compounds in the lab by combining elements under the right conditions by the 1800s Vitalism: The belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws

Chapter 4 Notes

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BIOL 1020 ? CHAPTER 4 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 4: Carbon and the molecular diversity of life Organic Compounds Organic compounds: any compound of carbon and another element or radical Inorganic: any compound that does not contain carbon. Carbon skeletons: the skeletal formula of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure Wide diversity in organic compounds Carbon has diverse bonding patterns. Carbon atomic structure How many valence electrons in a carbon atom? 4 How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom maximum form? 4 Bonding patterns Valence = 4 electrons Different molecular shape: chains, branches, ring, etc. Length difference. Hydrocarbons ? organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen e.g. propane
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